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Native Peoples of America to 1500 C.E. Chapter 1, Boyer. Hiawatha. member of Iroquois tribe Endless cycle of violence Family threatened, wanders through forest Has visions, meets holy man Introduces condolence of peace to Iroquois tribes Leads to creation of the League of the Iroquois - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Native Peoples of America to 1500 C.E.
Chapter 1, Boyer
Hiawathamember of Iroquois tribeEndless cycle of violenceFamily threatened, wanders
through forestHas visions, meets holy manIntroduces condolence of
peace to Iroquois tribesLeads to creation of the
League of the IroquoisRepresents a moment in
American History before ColumbusCultural diversity that existed
in Pre-Columbian America
Chapter Focus QuestionsWhat factors prompted the transition from
Paleo-Indian to Archaic ways of life among the earliest Americans?
How did the varied environments of the Western Hemisphere shape the emergence of a wide diversity of Native American cultures?
What common values and practices did Native Americans share, despite their vast diversity
First Americans c. 13,000-2500 B.C.E.
Two TheoriesLand bridge
10,500 B.C.E. Last Ice Age Hunters From Siberia
Boat More recent
theory Dated 13,000
B.C.E. Evidence in Chile
10,500 B.C.E.
Paleo- Indians“earliest Americans”Foundation of Native
American lifeHunter/gathers Defined roles for men
and womenTrade/exchange of ideasEnd of Ice Age = change
in way of lifeDramatic changes in
physical environment
Archaic SocietiesChanges in environment = changes
in lifestyleChanges in dietShift to year-round villages
More defined roles for men and women
5000 B.C.E. cultivation of AgricultureBegins in MesoamericaTehucan Indians 3000B.C.E.
Seed specialization Introduction of 1st maize crop
Spread by 2500 B.C.E.Still not significant part of daily diet
Cultural DiversityMesoamerica and South
AmericaIncreased Crop ProductionMaize-based farming
spreadsSurplus leads to tradeDevelopment of
communities Olmec
Urban centers Hereditary rulers
(chiefdoms) Unequal society
Mesoamerica and South America Cont. Development of
Powerful StatesTeotihuacan (2nd-7th
cent.) Lead bloody wars Religious hierarchy Extensive trade
Dominated Modern-day Mexico
Strong political system Massive public works
projects Influences the Maya and
the Aztecs Declined 8th century
Mesoamerica and South America
Mayans Kingdom-states, 7th- 15th centuries Developed:
Calendar Numerical system Hieroglyphic writing codices
Aztecs Overthrew rulers in 1428 Conquering campaign Religious rituals Massive public works projects Capital- Tenochtitlan Based writing and calendar on
Mayans Modified environment for food
production Large trading system
Mesoamerica and South AmericaIncas
AndesCapital- CuzcoDominate
around 1438 C.E.
Ability to grow crops in harsh environment key to expansion
Modified environment
Public works
Revisit: Chapter Focus Questions
What factors prompted the transition from Paleo-Indian to Archaic ways of life among the earliest Americans?
How did the varied environments of the Western Hemisphere shape the emergence of a wide diversity of Native American cultures?
What common values and practices did Native Americans share, despite their vast diversity