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UNITEDNATIONS SC
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Stockholm Conventionon Persistent OrganicPollutants
Distr.: General18 July 2018
English only
Persistent Organic Pollutants Review CommitteeFourteenth meetingRome, 17–21 September 2018Item 4 (a) of the provisional agenda*
Technical work: consideration of a draft risk profile on perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (CAS No: 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds
Additional information on perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (CAS No: 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds
Note by the SecretariatAs referred to in the note by the Secretariat on a draft risk profile on perfluorohexane sulfonic
acid (CAS No: 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds (UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/2), the annex to the present note sets out additional information on PFHxS, its salts and PFHxS-related compounds prepared by the intersessional working group on PFHxS, its salts and PFHxS-related compounds. The present note, including its annex, has not been formally edited.
** UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/1.
200718
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Annex
Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (CAS No: 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Prepared by the intersessional working group on PFHxS, its salts and PFHxS-related compounds
Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee
July 2018
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Table 1.1. Measured levels of PFHxS in aquatic biota
Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location
Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comment Reference
Marine water organismsAtlanticcroaker
Homogenate 2004 United States Charleston Harbour,South Carolina
n.d. Houde et al., 2006
Fish Homogenate 2009 Republic of Korea
Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial
0.020–1.2 0.28 Naile et al., 2013
Crab Homogenate 2009 Republic of Korea
Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial
0.039–3.3 0.30 Naile et al., 2013
Gastropod Homogenate 2009 Republic of Korea
Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial
0.16–1.1 0.45 Naile et al., 2013
Bivalve Homogenate 2009 Republic of Korea
Estuarine and Coastal areas, Urban/industrial
0.073–1.4 0.47 Naile et al., 2013
Fish (Arctic cod, Capelin, Sand lance)
Homogenate 2007–2009 Canadian Arctic
Remote n.d. Pooled samples and some individual
Braune et al., 2014
Bentic fish (various)
Homogenate 2007–2009 Canadian Arctic
Remote n.d.–0.22 ng/g
Pooled samples and some individual
Braune et al., 2014
Pigfish Homogenate 2004 United States Sarasota Bay, Florida 4.1 Houde et al., 2006Pinfish Homogenate 2002/03 United States Charleston Harbour, South Carolina n.d. Houde et al., 2006Pinfish Homogenate 2004 United States Sarasota Bay, Florida 4.6 Houde et al., 2006Red drum Homogenate 2002/03 United States Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 0.5 Houde et al., 2006Sheephead Homogenate 2004 United States Sarasota Bay, Florida n.d. Houde et al., 2006Spotted seatrout Homogenate 2002/03 United States Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 1.1 Houde et al., 2006Spotted seatrout Homogenate 2004 United States Sarasota Bay, Florida 0.6 Houde et al., 2006Spotfish Homogenate 2002/03 United States Charleston Harbour, South Carolina 0.6 Houde et al., 2006Polar cod Liver 2004 Norway Svalbard, Barents Sea n.d.–0.07 0.04 Haukas et al., 2007Rainbow trout Muscle Sweden Baltic Sea <0.011–0.040 0.013 Glynn et al., 2012Fish various Whole body Canada Hudson Bay n.d.–0.22 Braune et al., 2014 Fish Muscle/liver Australia Urban/industrial n.d./0.70–1.2 Thomson et al., 2011bVarious aquatic organisms
2007 United States, Savannah, Georgia
Urban 0.1–3.4 ng/g Sawtooth pen clam, white shrimp, eel, oyster toadfish, snapper, catfish, Atlantic croaker, southern kingfish, southern stingray, silver perch, spot, inshore lizardfish, tomtate, sea robin, Black sea bass, largemouth bass, Atlantic sharp-nose shark, bonnethead shark
Kumar et al., 2009
Various fish Liver 2004 Netherlands North Sea, Western Scheldt, Skagerak
<3–27 ng/g Various marine fish Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location
Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comment Reference
Various shellfish and crustaceans
Liver 2004 Netherlands North Sea, Western Scheldt, Skagerak
<3–<6 ng/g Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006
Fresh water organismsAtlanticcroaker
Homogenate United States Charleston Harbour,South Carolina
n.d. Houde et al., 2006
Big head carp Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.19–3.57 1.15 Zhou et al., 2014Grass carp Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 4.58 Zhou et al., 2014Silver carp Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.81–3.33 1.59 Zhou et al., 2014Common carp Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 15.5–74.0 31.2 Zhou et al., 2014White amur bream
Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 0.83–3.16 1.84 Zhou et al., 2014
Yellow catfish Muscle 2011 China Lake Tangxun, urban/industrial 6.19–12.2 9.92 Zhou et al., 2014Cod Whole blood Poland Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdansk 0.05–0.80 0.10 Falandysz et al., 2006Herring Liver 2005/2006 Sweden East and West coast 0.22 Pooled sample Bignert et al., 2008Herring Liver 2007/2008 Sweden East and West coast 2.2 Pooled sample Bignert et al., 2008Herring Liver 2009 Sweden East and West coast 1.3 Pooled sample Bignert et al., 2008Biota Various 2013-2015 Vietnam River <0.0–0.95
ng/g0.06 Fish, crab, prawn, snail, Lam et al., 2017
Fish Various 2010 Czech Republic
River Labe, Vltava and Bilina 0.007–0.121 ng/g
0.032 Pooled and individual Svihlikova et al., 2015
Bentic invertebrates
Whole 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d. Lescord et al., 2015
Pelagic invertebrates
Whole 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d. Lescord et al., 2015
Char Various 2010/2011 Canada Arctic n.d.–2.0 Lescord et al., 2015Various fish Liver 2004 Netherlands <3–<4 Eel and pike Van Leeuwen & Boer, 2006Rainbow trout Muscle Sweden Baltic Sea <0.011–0.040 0.013 Glynn et al., 2012Fish Edible tissue
(muscle)2016/2018 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water
from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
0.02–39.77 ng/g ww
Carp, bream, snakehead, stone maroko, and loach
Cui et al., 2018
Crab Edible tissue 2016/2018 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
0.9–1.43 ng/g ww
Crab Cui et al., 2018
Shrimp Whole body 2016/2018 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
32.94 ng/g ww Cui et al., 2018
Rice field eel Edible tissue (muscle)
2016/2018 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
25.69 ng/g ww Cui et al., 2018
Turtle Edible tissue (muscle)
2018 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
0.02 ng/g ww Cui et al., 2018
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Table 1.2. Measured levels of PFHxS in amphibians and birdsOrganism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments Reference
AmphibiansAmerican alligators
Plasma 2008/2009 United States Merrit Island National Wildlife Refµge
<0.008–161 7.955 Bangma et al., 2017
American alligators
Tail muscle
2015 United States South Carolina 0.051–0.272 ng/g 0.0816–0.099 ng/g
Median Tipton et al., 2017
Chinese alligators Serum 2009 China Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction
0–1.5 ng/g dw 0.2 ng/g dw Wang et al., 2013
BirdsAlbatross Liver 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific
Ocean0.32–0.81 Chu et al., et al., 2015
Albatross Muscle 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean
0.14–0.44 Chu et al., et al., 2015
Albatross Adipose 2011 Canada Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean
n.d.–0.18 Chu et al., et al., 2015
Herring Gull Egg 2012/2013 United States/Canada
Great Lakes 0.01–1.44 Letcher et al., 2015
Caspian tern Egg 2013/2014 United States/Canada
Great Lakes n.d.–4.61 Range of three colonies Su et al., 2017
Murres and fulmars
Liver Various Canada Arctic Very low detection of PFHxS Butt et al., 2007
Murres and Fulmars
Egg Various Canada Prins Leopold Island, Nunavut
0.01–0.21 Range between two species Braune and Letcher, 2013
Herring Gull Egg 2009–2014 United States/Canada
Urban (industrial)/rural 0.1–2.7 Range between locations. Big difference in concentration between Urban/industrial and rural
Gewurtz et al., 2016
Various Egg Australia Urban/industrial <0.50–6.8 Ibis and gull eggs Thomson et al., 2011bGreat tits Egg
(n=11) 2011 Belgium,
AntwerpIndustrial 36.9−354.6 162.3 Vicinity of a
perfluorochemical plant (3 M) in Antwerp, Belgium (PFOS levels in the range 3237-69218 µg/kg)
Groffen et al., 2017
Great tits Egg (n=11)
2011 Belgium, Antwerp
Industrial <LOQ–5.6 1.6 1 km Sout East of a perfluorochemical plant (3 M) in Antwerp, Belgium (PFOS levels in the range 55.1-782 µg/kg)
Groffen et al., 2017
Eider duck Blood Poland Baltic Sea, Gulf of Gdansk 400−2900 pg/ml 1100 pg/ml Falandysz et al., 2006Northern goshawk Plasma 2014 Norway North <LOD−1.33 ng/ml 0.61 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017White-tailed eagle Plasma 2014 Norway North <LOD−2.37 0.89 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017White-tailed eagle Feather 2014 Norway North <LOD−2.23 0.63 ng/ml Gomez-Ramirez et al., 2017Common eider Egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.49–0.56 ng/g
(g/kg)Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015
Common eider Egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.59–1.58 Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015
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Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments ReferenceEuropean Shag Egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.53–0.53 Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015European Shag Egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.65–0.93 Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015European herring gull
Egg 2012 Norway Sklinna, mid, remote 0.23–0.50 Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015
European herring gull
Egg 2012 Norway Røst, north, remote 0.40–0.79 Pooled samples Huber et al., 2015
Duck Egg 2016 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
30.61 ng/g ww n=10 Cui et al., 2018
Duck Meat 2016 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
88.52 ng/g ww n=4 Cui et al., 2018
Duck Liver 2016 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
288.78 ng/g ww n=4 Cui et al., 2018
Duck Blood 2016 China Baiyangdian Lake, recepient water from rivers containing emission from production facilities.
438.01 ng/g ww n=4 Cui et al., 2018
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Table 1.3. Measured levels of PFHxS in marine- and terrestrial mammals
Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments Reference
Marine mammalsLichen - 2009 Antartica 0.11–1.16 Alava et al., 2015Penguin Feces 2009 Antartica 0.45–4.9 Alava et al., 2015Penguin Feces 2010 Antartica 2.17–3.77 Llorca et al., 2012Weddell seals Plasma Antartica McMurdo Sound n.d. Not detected Routti et al., 2015Ringed seal Plasma 1990–
2010Norway Svalbard 0.49–2.68 Not sampled every year Routti et al., 2016
Ringed seal Liver 1986–2010
Greenland East Greenland <MDL–0.9 Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013
Ringed seal Liver 1984–2006
Greenland Northwest Greenland 0.1, 0.2, 0.7 ng/g 1984, 1998, 2006 (3 pooled samples/year, pool n=4−5, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Ringed seal Liver 1982–2010
Greenland West Greenland <MDL–0.4 Riget et al., 2013
Seal Muscle Greenland Western 0.2–0.6 Carlsson et al., 2014Harbour seal Liver 2002 Denmark Various seas and fjords 2.7–16.3 Range of mean from several locations in
DenmarkDietz et al., 2012
Harbour seal Various Germany German Bight 0.66–10.49 Liver, kidney, lung, heart, blood, brain, muscle, thyroid, thymus* and blubber. * had max concentration
Ahrens et al., 2009
Harbour seal Liver 2002 Germany Wadden Sea 6.5–32.4 ng/g 16.3 Galatius et al., 2013Hooded seal Liver 199
0−2007
West Ice 0.1, 0.2 ng/g 1990, 2007 (3 pooled samples/year, pool n=4−5, females, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Hooded seal, mother
Plasma 2008 Greenland, east
West Ice 0.256–1.89 ng/g 0.845 Grønnestad et al., 2017
Hooded seal, pup Plasma 2008 Greenland, east
West Ice 0.483–5.01 2.90 Grønnestad et al., 2017
Hooded seal Mothers milk
2008 Greenland, east
West Ice 0.394 n.d. n=1 Grønnestad et al., 2017
Fur seal pup Liver Antarctica 0.4 82% frequent detection Schiavone et al., 2009Harbour porpoises
Liver 1980–2005
Denmark Danish North Sea DL Found in minority of samples Galatius et al., 2011
Harbour porpoises
Liver 1992-1997
Iceland West Iceland 0.2, 0.2 ng/g 1992, 1997 (3 pooled samples/ year, pool n=5, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Harbor porpoises Liver 1999–2002
Denmark Danish North Sea DL–6.3 1.1 Galatius et al., 2013
Pilot Whale Muscle 1986–2013
Faroe Islands
n.d., 0.13, 0.19, 0.11, 0.14 ng/g
1986–1988, 1994–1997, 1998–2002, 2006–2009, 2010–2013
Dessuncao et al., 2017
Pilot Whale Liver 1986–2007
Faroe Islands
0.1, 0.3, 0.4 ng/g 1986, 2001/2002, 2006/2007 (3 pooled samples/period, pool n=3−5, males, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Pilot Whale Liver 1986−2016
Faroe Islands
0.08−1.7 ng/g n=63 (juvenile males) Andreasen et al., in prep.
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments Reference
Belµga whale Liver Alaska, United States
Cook inlet 0.6–3.55 Reiner et al., 2011
Belµga whale Liver Alaska, United States
Eastern Chukchi Sea <0.0261–0.378 Reiner et al., 2011
Mink whale Liver Iceland <0.4–1.1 Kallenborne et al., 2004Minke whale Liver 1998 Greenland Central, west 0.2 ng/g 1998, 3 pooled samples, pool n=4,
females, median.Rotander et al., 2012
Fin whale Muscle 1986−2009
Iceland West <0.2, <0.2 ng/g 1986−1989, 2009 (3 pooled samples/period, pool n=3−5, males, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Long-finned pilot whale
Liver Faroe island 0.39–1.0 Kallenborne et al., 2004
White-beaked dolphin
Liver 1999–2002
Denmark Danish North Sea DL 6.8 2.8 Galatius et al., 2013
White-sided dolphin
Liver 2001−2006
Faroe Islands
0.4, 0.5 ng/g 2001/2002, 2006 (3 pooled samples/period, pool n=3−5, males, medians)
Rotander et al., 2012
Bottlenose dolphins
Plasma 2004 United States
Sarasota Bay, Florida 115 ± 101 ng/g ww
n=12 Houde et al., 2006
Bottlenose dolphins
Plasma 2004 United States
Charleston Harbour, South Carolina
48 ± 62 ng/g n=24 Houde et al., 2006
Bottlenose dolphins
Plasma 2003–2005
United States
Indian River Lagoon, FL, less urban
2.30–757 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.Highest level found in juvenile based geometrical mean.
Fair et al., 2012
Bottlenose dolphins
Plasma 2003–2005
United States
Charleston, SC, Urban 4.6–471 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.Highest level found in juvenile based geometrical mean.
Fair et al., 2012
Bottlenose dolphins
Blubber 2005 United States
Indian River Lagoon, FL, less urban
0.3–69.3 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male. Highest level found in adult male based on geometrical mean.
Fair et al., 2010
Bottlenose dolphins
Blubber 2005 United States
Charleston, SC, urban 0.3–22.7 Range between juvenile, adult female and adult male.Highest level found in juvenile based on geometrical mean.
Fair et al., 2010
Otter Liver 1972–2011
Sweden 0.7–12 ng/g Northern Sweden0.7–64 ng/g Southern Sweden1.5–7.6 ng/g South–west Norway
2.8, 5.5, and 3.6 ng/g (median respectively)
Northern Sweden, Southern Sweden, South-west Norway
Roos et al., 2013
TerrestrialRoe deer Liver
pooledGermany 0.5–2.0 Falk et al., 2012
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Organism Tissue Year Country Study site/Type of location Range (g/kg) Mean (g/kg) Comments Reference
Arctic fox Various 2011/ 2012
Norway Svalbard, Arctic remote 0.23–8.4 total range 0.47–5.2 mean range
The range levels represent tissues; liver, blood, kidney, adipose tissue and muscle
Aas et al., 2014
Arctic fox Liver Norway Svalbard, Arctic <0.05–139 Routti et al., 2017Polar bear Liver Greenland East Greenland Bossi et al., 2005Polar bear Liver 1999/
2001Greenland East Greenland 140 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005a
Polar bear Liver 2001 United States
ChukchiSea, Alaska
35.2–325 ng/g ww 129 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005b
Polar bear Liver 2001 United States
NorthwestTerritories,
<3.2–261 ng/g ww 44.8 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005b
Polar bear Liver 2002 Canada High Arctic <3.2–263 ng/g ww 35.9 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005bPolar bear Liver Canada South Baffin
Island<3.2–417 ng/g ww 71.4 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005b
Polar bear Liver 2002 Canada South Hudson Bay <3.2–321 ng/g ww 62.3 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005bPolar bear Liver 1999/
2001Greenland East Greenland 4.39–544 ng/g ww 80.2 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005b
Polar bear Liver 1996/2002
Norway Svalbard, Barents Sea 2260–4430 ng/g ww 2940 ng/g ww Smithwick et al., 2005b
Polar bear Plasma 1998–2008
Norway Svalbard, Arctic 40.8 Mothers 1998 Bytningsvik et al., 2012
Polar bear Plasma 1998–2008
Norway Svalbard, Arctic 12.0 Cubs 1998 Bytningsvik et al., 2012
Polar bear Plasma 1998–2008
Norway Svalbard, Arctic 32.6 Mothers 2008 Bytningsvik et al., 2012
Polar bear Plasma 1998–2008
Norway Svalbard, Arctic 12.2 Cubs 2008 Bytningsvik et al., 2012
Polar bear Various Greenland Scoresby Sound, CentralEast Greenland.
1.37–30.9 Liver, blood, brain, muscle, adipose Greaves et al., 2012
Polar bear Blood Norway Svalbard, Arctic 4.9–70 28 median Routti et al., 2017Polar bear Liver 1984–
1988Greenland East Greenland n.d. Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013
Polar bear Liver 1989–2011
Greenland East Greenland <MDL–27.9 ng/g Not sampled every year Riget et al., 2013
Polar bear Serum Norway Svalbard–spring 5.5–65.3 28.6 Varies with the season Tartu et al., 2017Polar bear Serum Norway Svalbard–autum 11.0–70.7 28.6 Varies with the season Tartu et al., 2017Polar bear Liver Canada Southern Hudson Bay 7.1–9.66 8.28 ng/g Letcher et al., 2018Polar bear Liver Canada Western Hudson Bay 5.98–8.22 7.09 ng/g Letcher et al., 2018Caribou Liver 2005–
2016Canada Arctic <0.01-0.11 ng/g ww 0.02 ng/g ww Gamberg et al., 2018 (in
preparation)
9
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Table 1.4. Measured levels of PFHxS in abiota
Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
AirAir Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk,
Char, and Resolute) on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada.
Remote, Arctic <1 pg/m3 No exact value was given Stock et al., 2007
Air Canada 2009 Alert Remote, Arctic 0.085 pg/m3 Genualdi et al., 2010Air Norway 2016 Zeppelin Remote, Arctic Norwegian Environment Agency,
2017a (M-757)Air Norway 2016 Birkenes Norwegian Environment Agency,
2017a (M-757)Air Canada 2006–2014 Alert Remote, Arctic n.d.–0.62 pg/m3 0.032 pg/m3 Wong et al., 2018Air Norway 2006–2014 Zeppelin Remote, Arctic n.d.–0.35 pg/m3 0.036 pg/m3 Wong et al., 2018Air France Paris Urban 60.4 pg/m Genualdi et al., 2010Air Canada 2009 Alert Remote, Arctic 0.26 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir Canada 2013 Alert Remote, Arctic NS–2.0 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir Canada 2015 Alert Remote, Arctic 1.2 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir Norway 2009 Ny Ålesund Remote, Arctic 0.07 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir Norway 2013 Ny Ålesund Remote, Arctic NS–0.71 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir Norway 2015 Ny Ålesund Remote, Arctic 2.2 pg/m3 Polar site Rauert et al., 2018aAir United
States2009 Hilo, Hawaii Background 1.6 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018a
Air United States
2013 Hilo, Hawaii Background 1.9–5.9 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018a
Air United States
2015 Hilo, Hawaii Background 7.6 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018a
Air South America
2015 Sites in Costa Rica, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Bolivia
Background 0.1–3.1 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018b
Air South America
2015 Sites in Argentina, Chile and Brazil
Urban NS–2.6 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018b
Air South America
2015 Site in Mexico Agriculture 2.4 pg/m3 Rauert et al., 2018b
Ice, snow and snowmeltSnow melt
Antarctica 2014/2015 Livingston Island Remote 0.35–7.3 pg/L 58% detection frequency Casal et al., 2017
Snow surface
Antarctica 2014/2015 Livingston Island Remote n.d.–23 pg/L 58% detection frequency Casal et al., 2017
Snowpack Sweden 2009 North region Remote <n.d. to 651 pg/L 25.1 pg/L Codling et al., 2014Snow Norway 2006 Svalbard Remote 20–30 pg/L Kwok et al., 2013Snow Greenland 2004 East Remote 8.2–40.2 pg/L), Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010Ice cap Canada Devon Ice cap Remote n.d. Not detected McInnis et al., 2017Rain- and river waterRain water
Germany 20 km east of Hamburg Semi-rural. n.d.–500 pg/L Dreyer et al., 2010
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Rain water
Netherlands 2008 North Sea coast, 30 km outside Amsterdam
Semi-rural, infiltrated 0.3–25 ng/L 10.0 ng/L Eschauzier et al., 2010
Rain water
Netherlands 2008 North Sea coast, 30 km outside Amsterdam
Semi-rural. 2.9–21 ng/L Eschauzier et al., 2010
River water
Netherlands 2008 North Sea coast, 30 km outside Amsterdam
Semi-rural, infiltrated <0.8–4.0 ng/L 1.4 ng/L Eschauzier et al., 2010
River water
Germany Rivers Elbe and lower Weser
0.6–1.0 ng/L Amount varied by season Zhao et al., 2015
Water Australia Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary
urban/industrial 2.7–4.3 ng/L Thomson et al., 2011b
WaterWater Norway 2006 Svalbard Surface 20–500 pg/L Kwok et al., 2013Ocean water
Greenland 2009 Eastern Greenland Arctic Ocean n.d.–14.5 pg/L Bush et al., 2010
Ocean water
2008 Atlantic Ocean Northern Europe 8.3–53 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010
Ocean water
Atlantic 2008 Atlantic Ocean Atlantic 4.1–17 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010
Ocean water
Southern 2008 Southern Ocean Southern 4.1 pg/L Ahrens et al., 2010
Ocean water
Southern Between Asia and Antarctica
Surface water <1–10.2 pg/L Wei et al., 2007
Ocean water
Greenland 2009 Greenland Sea Surface water <6.5–45 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012
Ocean water
Atlantic 2010 Atlantic Ocean Surface water <6.5–61 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012
Ocean water
Southern 2010/2011 Southern Ocean Surface water <6.5 pg/L Zhao et al., 2012
Ocean water
Greenland 2004 Greenland Sea East of Greenland 6–19 pg/L, Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010
Ocean water
Faroe Islands
Sea 1 ng/L Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010
Ocean water
Russian Federation
Baydaratskaya Bay Arctic n.d. Reviewed in Butt et al., 2010
Ocean water
Global Global Surface water n.d.–51 pg/L Benskin et al., 2012
Ocean water
Arctic ocean
East of Greenland n.d.–20 pg/L Caliebe et al., 2005
Ocean water
Arctic 5–22 pg/L Yeung et al., 2017
Ocean water
Southern 2012 Between Asia and Antarctica
Surface water 5–10.2 Mean range from various stations
Wei et al., 2007
Ocean water
Arctic ocean
2011 66 pg/L Under detection limit at all sites Cai et al., 2012
Ocean water
Mediterranean
2014 Western Mediterranean Surface water 5.4–41.3 pg/L Brumovský et al., 2016
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Ocean and costal
Republic of Korea
2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Surface water <0.2–8.7 ng/L 1.7 ng/L Naile et al., 2013
Ocean and costal
World wide North and south Atlantic and Pacific, and southIndian oceans, and the coastal regions
Tropic- and sub tropic surface water
n.d.–1420 pg/L Close to 100% detection frequency
Gonzalez-Gaya et al., 2014
Ocean and costal water
World wide Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Various depth 0.1–5600 pg/L Yamashita et al., 2005
Coastal Sea Water
Finland, Denmark,
Iceland, Faroe Islands 8–4390 pg/L Kallenborn et al., 2004
Coastal Sea Water
Sweden 2013 Baltic Sea and Kattegat 2 meters depth 0.11−1.7 ng/L 0.91 ng/L 100 % detection frequency, n=18. Significant correlation with dissolved organic carbon and PFAS was observed,
Nguyen et al., 2017
Fresh water
Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk, Char, and Resolute) on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada.
Background location, Southern Norway
n.d.–24 ng/ L Stock et al., 2007
Fresh waterFresh water
Canada 2010/2011 Arctic lake Remote 0.01–30 ng/L Lescord et al., 2015
Fresh water
Spain 2010 Juca River basin Urban/industrial 12.1–36.7 ng/L 3.25 ng/L 13% detection frequency Campo et al., 2016
Fresh water
China 2004 Tributaries of the Pearl River in Guangzhou
River water <0.13–<0.67 So et al., 2007
Fresh water
China 2004 Sampling points along the Yangtze RiverChongqing
River water <0.005–0.4 So et al., 2007
Fresh water
China 2015 Taihu Lake Lake 45.9–182 ng/L 69.3 ng/L Mean PFOS: 20.3 ng/L Chen et al., 2018
River Sweden 2013 Baltic Sea and Kattegat 40 cm depth 0.051−18 ng/L 9.0 ng/L 77 % detection frequency, n=40. Significant correlation with dissolved organic carbon and PFAS was observed
Nguyen et al., 2017
Fresh water
France 2012 Nation-wide survey 133 lakes and rivers <0.02−217 ng/L Industrial and urban sites had high PFAS levels
Munoz et al., 2015
River Australia 2011 Brisbane River (Somerset Dam)
0.09−0.13 ng/L 0.11 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014
River Australia 2011 Brisbane River (Jindalee) 2.5 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014River Australia 2011 Oxley Creek High tide 1.7−4.3 ng/L 3.1 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014River Australia 2011 Oxley Creek Low tide 7.1−17 ng/L 10 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014Coastal water
Australia 2011 Morton Bay 0.98−1.3 ng/L 1.1 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014
Coastal water
Australia 2011 Morton Bay 0.1−0.46 ng/L 0.25 ng/L Gallen et al., 2014
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
River water
China 2016 Fuhe River The range of concentrations include various stations up- and downstream of production plant
0.38–1478 ng/L Flows into Baiyangdian Lake, production facility upstream of lake possible source of PFHxSPFHxS was the dominating PFAS
Cui et al., 2018
River water
China 2016 Hebei Province, Zhulong River
No known source of PFHxS
0.15 and 0.48 ng/L
n=2, flows into Baiyangdian Lake
Cui et al., 2018
River water
China 2016 Hebei Province, Zhaowangxin River
Receives water from Baiyangdian Lake
383 and 682 ng/L n=2, flows out of Baiyangdian Lake. PFHxS was the dominating PFAS
Cui et al., 2018
River water
China 2016 Hebei Province, Baigouyin River
No known source of PFHxS
11.8–13.6 ng/L n=2, flows into Baiyangdian Lake
Cui et al., 2018
Lake water
China 2016 Hebei Province, Baiyangdian Lake north
Various station in the lake
187–978.5 ng/L Cui et al., 2018
Lake water
China 2016 Hebei Province, Baiyangdian Lake south
Various station in the lake
3.6–900.4 ng/L Cui et al., 2018
Lake water
China 2009 Thaihu Lake n.d.–6.92 ng/L Ma et al., 2018
Lake water
China 2014 Thaihu Lake 4.8–118.5 ng/L Ma et al., 2018
SedimentSediment Canada Arctic lakes (Amituk,
Char, and Resolute) on CornwallisIsland, Nunavut, Canada.
Remote region, Arctic n.d.–3.5 ng/g dw Stock et al., 2007
Sediment United States
2007 Savannah, Georgia Urban n.d.–0.3 ng/g dw Kumar et al., 2009
Sediment Japan 2005 Rivers, (Kumo, Uji, Tenjin, Katsura, Osaka)
<0.1–<1.6 Senthilkumar et al., 2007
Sediment United States
2004 The San Francisco Bay area, California, Corvallis, Oregon, Baltimore, Maryland
Coastal areas n.d.–0.2 Higgins et al., 2005
Sediment Republic of Korea
2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Urban/industrial n.d. Naile et al., 2013
Sediment Spain 2010 Juca River basin Urban/industrial n.d. Campo et al., 2016Sediment France 2012 Nation-wide survey
(n=129)<0.2-0.63 ng/g dw Munoz et al., 2015
Sediment Czech Republic
2007–2008 Morova River Industrial 0.12–3.8 g/kg 0.53 g/kg Median 0.34 g/kg, n=70, detection=60%
Becanova et al., 2016
Sediment Australia Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary
urban/industrial <0.10–0.10 Thomson et al., 2011b
Sediment Serbia Canal urban/industrial n.d.–0.23 Channel draining waste water Beškoski et al., 2013Sediment Canada 2015 Various sites, Ontario,
Hamilton area0.06–1.1 ng/g FHxSA 0.06–0.19 D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Sediment Canada 2010/2011 Arctic lake Remote 0.0–0.95 ng/g Lescord et al., 2015
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Sediment Vietnam 2013–2015 River Urban <0.04–18.3 ng/g 18.3 ng/g highest of all PFAS measured
Lam et al., 2016
Sediment China 2015 Lake Taihu Urban 0.044–0.250 ng/g dw
0.145 ng/g dw
Mean PFOS: 0.824 ng/g dwMean PFBS: 0.002 ng/g dw
Chen et al., 2018
SoilSoil North
AmericaVarious Rural LOD–36.5 pg/g Rankin et al., 2016
Soil Europe Various Rural LOD–99.7 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Asia Various Rural 2.95–14.63 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Africa Various Rural LOD–8.91 Rankin et al., 2016Soil Australia Various Rural LOD–39.57 Rankin et al., 2016Soil South
AmericaVarious Rural LOD Rankin et al., 2016
Soil Antarctica Various Rural LOD Rankin et al., 2016Soil Republic of
Korea2009 Estuarine and coastal areas Urban/industrial n.d. Naile et al., 2013
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Table 1.5. Detection in waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufacture
Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureWater Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton
areaAFFF-impacted 28–150 ng/L FHxSA 1.0–19 ng/L, FASADA
n.d.–0.36,FASAB nd–1.42
D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Water Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton area
Urban 0.04−0.94 ng/L FHxSA 0.32 ng/L median D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Water Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton area
Urban 2.5 ng/L D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Water Canada 2015 Various sites-Ontario, Hamilton area
Rural 0.3 ng/L D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Water Canada 2014 Meretta- and Resolute Lake AFFF-impacted Arctic lakes
13–30 ng/L FHxSA 1.2–3.6, FASAB 0.7–0.74
D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Ground water
Sweden 2016–2017 Military airport 18 000–92 000 ng/L Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017
Ground water
Australia Future Forrestfield rail station site AFFF use 0.024–0.12 g/L Awaiting classification http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Future Belmont Station site AFFF use n.d.–3.08 g/L Classified as possibly contaminated - investigation required
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Crown reserve land (lot 800) AFFF use n.d.–1.6 g/L Awaiting classification http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Former DFES Headquarters AFFF use n.d.–5.11 g/L Restriction on ground water use http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water and soil
Australia Private fire training facility AFFF use n.d.–4.66 g/L ground water0.8–89.2 g/kg
Classified as contaminated - remediation required
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Forrestfield Rail yard, Abernethy Road, High Wycombe
AFFF use n.d.–2.11 g/L Being reviewed for classification.
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureGround water
Australia Fuel refinery AFFF use n.d.–2.29 g/L Classified as contaminated - remediation required
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water and soil
Australia Former fuel terminal AFFF n.d.–32.5 g/L ground watern.d.–16 g/kg
Restriction on ground water useClassified as remediated for restricted use
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Former fuel terminal AFFF n.d.–4.2 g/L Classified as possibly contaminated - investigation required
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Ground water
Australia Former fuel terminal AFFF n.d.–5.99 g/L Classified as contaminated - remediation required
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Soil Norway 2011 New training field at Evenes Airport (BØF A)
AFFF 2.1–443 g/kg Used from 1987–2005 https://avinor.no/contentassets/c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d266/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Soil Norway 2013 New training field at Evenes Airport (BØFA)
AFFF 3.0–99.3 g/kg Used from 1987–2005 https://avinor.no/contentassets/c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d266/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Soil Norway 2011 Old training field at Evenes Airport (BØFB)
AFFF 12.9–203 g/kg Used from 1973–1980 https://avinor.no/contentassets/c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d266/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Ground water
Norway Old training field at Evenes Airport (BØFB)
AFFF 212 g/L Used from 1973–1980 https://avinor.no/contentassets/c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d266/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Surface water
Norway Old training field at Evenes Airport (BØFB)
AFFF 7.5–407 g/L Used from 1973–1980 https://avinor.no/contentassets/c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d266/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Surface Norway New training field at Evenes AFFF 5–3460 g/L Used from 1973–1980 https://avinor.no/contentassets/
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufacturewater Airport (BØFA) c3f5953f2b7d412e9cc973909a53d2
66/2015-harstad_narvik-undersokelser-av-pfas-i-jord-vann-og-biota.pdf
Water Norway 2015 Rygge airport AFFF 53–6240 ng/L Concentration range from various areas surrounding the airport
https://www.forsvarsbygg.no/contentassets/392d6ac269554b578b9634e74641dc6a/tiltaksvurdering-pfas-rygge-flystasjon-1.mars-2016-endelig.pdf
Soil Norway 2015 Rygge airport AFFF 3–22.9 g/kg Concentration range from various areas surrounding the airport
https://www.forsvarsbygg.no/contentassets/392d6ac269554b578b9634e74641dc6a/tiltaksvurdering-pfas-rygge-flystasjon-1.mars-2016-endelig.pdf
Ground water
Norway 2015 Rygge airport AFFF 66.7–47400 ng/L Concentration range from various areas surrounding the airport
https://www.forsvarsbygg.no/contentassets/392d6ac269554b578b9634e74641dc6a/tiltaksvurdering-pfas-rygge-flystasjon-1.mars-2016-endelig.pdf
Water Canada 2015 AFFF impacted 38 ng/L FHxSA 2.4/ 0.32 ng/L (AFFF/Urban)
D'Agostino and Mabury, 2017
Surface water
Sweden 2016–2017 Fortum Waste Solution Hazardous waste management facility
8.8–250 ng/L Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017
Surface water
Sweden 2016–2017 Various airports Airports 4.4–1000 ng/L Both civil and military Ericson Jogsten and Yeung, 2017
Surface water
Australia Perth Airport South Main Drain, Redcliffe and Ascot
Airport 0.02–0.55 g/L Classified as possibly contaminated — investigation required.
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Surface water
Australia Perth Airport North Main Drain and Swan River foreshore at South Guildford
Airport 1.8 g/L Classified as contaminated — restricted use
http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/publications/tabledpapers.nsf/displaypaper/4011002cdacb8122de9b89b2482581f00013ce30/$file/tp-1002.pdf
Waste water
European 90 EuropeanWaste Water Treatment Plants
3.4 ng/L Highest (single)Maximum Concentration922 ng/L
CONCAWE, report no. 8/16
Waste water
Sweden 2015 Influent/effluent Waste water treatment park
0.1–1.9 ng/L Eriksson et al., 2017
Waste water
Sweden Effluent Waste water treatment park
Approx. 7 ng/L
Swedish EPA, 2016
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureWaste water
Norway 2016 Waste water inlet Waste management
2899–5689 ng/passive sampler
Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017b (M-806)
Water Norway 2016 Landfill leachates Waste management
93–96 ng/passive sampler
Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017b (M-806)
Water Sweden Landfill leachates Waste management
Approx. 80 ng/L
Swedish EPA, 2016
Water United States
Landfill leachates from 6 different sites
Waste management
1.3–3900 ng/L PFHxS detected Allred et al., 2014
Water United States
Landfill leachates from 6 different sites
Waste management
n.d.–89 ng/L Precursor FHxSAA (perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid
Allred et al., 2014
Water United States
Landfill leachates from 6 different sites
Waste management
0.63–1900 ng/L Precursor MeFHxSAA (N-methyl perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid
Allred et al., 2014
Water United States
Landfill leachates from 6 different sites
Waste management
n.d.–51 ng/L Precursor EtFHxSAA (N-ethyl perfluorohexane sulfonamino acetic acid
Allred et al., 2014
Water Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
0.07–6 2.4 g/L Bräunig et al., 2017
Sludge Norway 2016 Sludge Waste management
110–2700 g/kg dw Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017b (M-806)
Sludge Sweden 2012–2015 Sludge Waste water treatment park
0.02–0.07 ng/g Eriksson et al., 2017
Leachate Australia 2014 Landfills 13 landfill sites LOD–1900 ng/L Sites are located across Australia Gallen et al., 2016Biosolid Australia 2014 Waste Water Treatment Plants 16 WWTP LOD–7.3 ng/g dw Sites are located across Australia Gallen et al., 2016Leachate Australia 2014 Landfills 27 landfill sites 56–16000 ng/L 1200 ng/L 100 % detection frequency,
PFHxSPFOS in concentrationGallen et al., 2017
Sediment Norway 2016 Oslo Fjord and Mjøsa Fjord and lake 0.71 g/kg dw Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017b (M-806)
Soil Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
0.1–74 13 g/kg dw
Bräunig et al., 2017
Grass Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
1–26 10 g/kg ww
Bräunig et al., 2017
Egg yolk Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
10–16 13 ng/g Bräunig et al., 2017
Cow inside plume
Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
2–125 52 g/L serum
Bräunig et al., 2017
Cow outside plume
Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
0.5–18 7 g/L serum
Bräunig et al., 2017
Sheep Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
32–129 63 g/L serum
Bräunig et al., 2017
Horse Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Queensland
Fire-fighting training area
18–74 33 g/L serum
Bräunig et al., 2017
Human Australia 2015–2016 Local point source, Oakey, Fire-fighting 39–214 93 g/L Bräunig et al., 2017
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Matrix Country/ Region Year Study site Type of location Concentration Mean Comment Reference
Waste water treatment, sludge, impacted biota, AFFF impacted sites and from manufactureQueensland training area serum
Waste effluent
Taiwan, Province of China
Hsinchu Science Park Semiconductor fabrication plant
13333 ng/L Lin et al., 2009a
Pure water Taiwan, Province of China
Hsinchu Science Park Semiconductor fabrication plant
24.2 ng/L Lin et al., 2009a
Photolithographic waste water
Taiwan, Province of China
Hsinchu Science Park Semiconductor fabrication plant
9930 ng/L Lin et al., 2009a
Waste effluent
Taiwan, Province of China
Hsinchu Science Park electronic/optoelectronic fabrication plant
2 g/L Lin et al., 2009a
Waste water effluent
Taiwan, Province of China
Urban Taipei Municipal waste water treatment plant I
6.3 ng/L Lin et al., 2010
Waste water effluent
Taiwan, Province of China
Urban Taipei Municipal waste water treatment plant II
35 ng/L Lin et al., 2010
Waste water effluent
Taiwan, Province of China
Urban Taipei, Hsinchu Science Park
Industrial Waste water treatment plant
2226.7 ng/L
A hub for 384 high-tech companies that include 86 optoelectronics, 203 integrated circuit companies and 27 semiconductor fabrication plants
Lin et al., 2010
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Table 1.6. Detection in Drinking waterDrinking
water Country/region Year Study site PFHxS range ng/L
Mean ng/L Comment Sum PFAS (mean (range) References
Drinking water
Sweden 2013 Outgoing water from Brantafors waterworks in Ronneby
1770 Drinking water was also contaminated with 8000 ng/L PFOS and 100 ng/L PFOA
Li et al., 2018
Drinking water
Sweden 2013 Outgoing water from Kärragården waterworks in Ronneby
4.6 PFOS 27 ng/L and PFHxA 3.6 was also detected
Li et al., 2018
Drinking water
Italy 2013 Various municipalities in province of Treviso
27–36 From 8 municipalities supplied by drawing wells located in the Almisano area, involved in the PFAS contamination plume (from chemical plant (Miteni SpA).
Annex E submission from Council of Chemists of the Province of Treviso, Italy
Drinking water
France 2009-10 Raw water (surface water, n=99) <4 to 8 1 % LOD=48, % LOQ=6 Boiteux et al., 2012
Drinking water
France 2009-10 Raw water (ground water, n=163) <4 to 32 1 % LOD=31, % LOQ=10 Boiteux et al., 2012
Drinking water
France 2009-10 Treated water (surface water, n=26) <4 to 7 2 % LOD=88, % LOQ=8 Boiteux et al., 2012
Drinking water
France 2009-10 Treated water (surface water, n=15) <4 to 13 2 % LOD=100, % LOQ=27 Boiteux et al., 2012
Drinking water
Spain 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia
<0.02-5.3 0.64 Ericson et al., 2009
Tap water The Nederlands 2013–14 37 water sources <LOQ–2.3 1.3 Sum PFAS <LOQ to 54 ng/l Zafeiraki, et al., 2015Tap water Greece 2013–14 43 water sources >LOQ 0 Sum PFAS <LOQ and 5.9 ng/l Zafeiraki, et al., 2015Drinking water
Canada and other 2015-16 Bottle water (n=38) <LOQ–0.67 0.10 Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the United States) in 2015–2016.
Kabore et al., 2018
Drinking water
Canada and other 2015-16 Tap water (n=59) <LOQ–1.0 0.30 Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the United States) in 2015–2016.
Kabore et al., 2018
Drinking water
Australia 2010 Portable water from 34 locations in Australia
n.d.–14.4 PFHxS were detected in 27% of the samples Thompson et al., 2011a
Tap water China 2008 Xiamen and Beijing 0.085 Mak et al., 2009Tap water Afghanistan 2007 Kabul n.d. PFOA and PFOS were not detected in tap
water (LOQ µg/L: 0.03 PFOA, 0.015 PFOS)Hemat et al., 2010
Tap water China 2016 Hebei Province, From well Not detected
n=2 Cui et al., 2018
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Table 1.7. PFHxS levels in food items
Food item Country/region Year N Median ng/g ww
Mean ng/g ww
PFHxS range ng/g ww
Detection frequency Comment Sum PFAS (median (range) ng/g ww) References
Domestic eggs Netherlands 2013–2014 73 1.1 <0.5–5.2 7 Home produced eggs, sum PFASs :3.5 (<LOQ–31.2), PFASs measured in egg yolk
Zafeiraki et al, 2016
Domestic eggs Greece 2013–2014 45 <0.5 <0.5 0 Home produced eggs sum PFASs: 1.1 (<LOQ–15)PFASs measured in egg yolk
Zafeiraki et al, 2016
Fatty fish Netherlands 2009 0.009 herring/eel/mackerel/ salmon Noorlander et al., 2011Lean fish Netherlands 2009 0.023 cod/plaice/pollack/tuna Noorlander et al., 2011crustacians Netherlands 2009 0.044 mussels/shrimp/crab Noorlander et al., 2011butter Netherlands 2009 0.016 salt-free butter/salted butter/low-fat butter Noorlander et al., 2011Chicken/ poultry
Netherlands 2009 0.003 Noorlander et al., 2011
flour Netherlands 2009 0.018 whole wheat flour/flour Noorlander et al., 2011Bakery products
Netherlands 2009 0.006 cake/almond paste cake/biscuits/brown spicedbiscuit/pie
Noorlander et al., 2011
Industrial oil Netherlands 2009 0.007 margarine/frying fat (industrial oil)/frying oil (industrial oil)
Noorlander et al., 2011
Meat products Sweden 1999 0.006 Beef, pork, lamb, poultry, cured/processed meats, sausages
Gebbink et al., 2015
Fish products 1999 0.007 Fresh and frozen fillets of fish, canned fish products, shellfish
Gebbink et al., 2015
Egg 1999 0.034 Hen eggs Gebbink et al., 2015Potatoes 1999 0.0002 Gebbink et al., 2015Soft drinks 1999 0.0002 Soft drinks, mineral water, low alcohol beer, medium-
strong beerGebbink et al., 2015
Vegetables and vegetable products
13 EU countries 2006–2012 186 0.0028– 0.0038
2% Broccoli, lettuce and melons EFSA 2012
Fruit and fruit products
13 EU countries 2006–2012 133 0.008-0.2 21% Only a limited number of fruit samples were analysed for PFHxS
EFSA 2012
Meat and meat products
13 EU countries 2006–2012 683 0.079-2.1 1% FFHxS was found in one sample of each: sheep, game mammal, poultry
EFSA 2012
Fish and other seefood
13 EU countries 2006–2012 0.043 and 1 Found in one unspecified seafood sample and one fish sample
EFSA 2012
Fish offal 13 EU countries 2006–2012 1.4–4.5 2%Crustaceans 13 EU countries 2006–2012 43 0.3–4.9 EFSA 2012Various Norway 2010–2011 940 0.71 1.53 0.18–84.7 Consummation of fat fish, canned food and drinks with
sugar were positively associated with PFHxS amountsAverina et al., 2018
Infant formula United States 2007 21 <1.35–3.59 10% 5 different brands Tao et al., 2008bDiary milk United States 2008 12 <1.35–3.82 8% 11 different brands Tao et al., 2008bShrimp China 2016 15 32 100% Samples from area around Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei
ProvinceCui et al., 2018
Duck egg China 2016–2018 10 30.61±19.7 100% Mean and SD. Samples from area around Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei Province
Cui et al., 2018
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Duck meat China 2016–2018 4 88.52 ±92.71 100% Mean and SD. Samples from area around Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei Province
Cui et al., 2018
Table 1.8. Detection in indoor and outdoor dust and indoor air
Dust Country/Region Year of sampling (n) Type of location Concentration range
g/kg dw (%>LOD)Mean
g/kg dw Comment Reference
Dust Norway /Oslo 2017 (n=5) Furniture store 1600–2300 (100) 1983 g/kg dw
6:2diPAP was found in equal high amounts 330–3300 µg/ kg dw(mean PFOS 10,75 µg/kg)
Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017 (M-806)
Dust Norway/ Oslo 2017 (n=5) Hotel 1600–2100 (100) 6:2diPAP was found in equal high amounts 330–3300 µg/ kg dw
Norwegian Environment Agency, 2017 (M-806)
Dust Norway 2007/08 (n=7) Private residences <1.4-3.1 1.4 Huber et al., 2011Dust Norway 2007/08 (n=1) Office 27.8 Huber et al., 2011Dust Norway 2007/08 (n=1) Storage 1814 Huber et al., 2011Dust Norway 2008 (n=41) Private residences 0.21-142 8.4 Level of PFHxS was negativly correlated
with age of residence, and positive correlated with volum of the living room (m3)
Haug et al., 2011
Dust Czech Republic 2013 (n=12) Private home vacuuming <MQL–9.3 (93.8) Karazkova et al., 2016Dust Canada 2013 (n=15) Private home vacuuming n.d.–11.5 (90.0) Karazkova et al., 2016Dust United States 2013 (n=14) Private home vacuuming 1.4-84.4 (100) Karazkova et al., 2016Dust Canada 2007–2008
(n=18)Private home 2.9–1300 140 PFOS was found at equal high levels Beesoon et al., 2011
Dust United States/ Boston
2009 (n=31) Office 5.24–18.5 (23) Fraser et al., 2013
Dust United States/ Boston
2009 (n=30) Private home 6.05–430 (40) Fraser et al., 2013
Dust United States/ Boston
2009 (n=12) Vehicle 5.22–108 (46) Fraser et al., 2013
Dust Canada, Ottawa 2002/2003 (n=67)
House Dust (2.3–4305) Median 23, mean 391.96
Kubwabo et al, 2005
Dust UK, Australia, Germany and United States
2004 (n=39) Houshold dust 47.7–632.2) max 43765 (79.5)
185.5 (25th and 7th percentile) Kato et al., 2009
Dust United States/Ohio and North Carolina
2000–2001 (n=112)
Private homes (n=102) and day care centres (n=10)
(<DL–35,700) Median 46,mean 874
Strynar and Lindstrom, 2008
Dust China 2015 Hotel (n=11) n.d. –7.01 (9) Fluortelomer alkohols (FTOHs) were predominant PFAS (24.8-678 ng/g)
Yao et al., 2018
Dust China 2015 Private residents (n=18) n.d.–18 (61) 2.93 Yao et al., 2018Air China 2015 Hotel (n=19) 6.47–40.9 pg/m3 (100) 11.9 pg/m3 Fluortelomer alkohols (FTOHs) were
predominant PFAS (250–82300 pg/m3)Yao et al., 2018
Air China 2015 Private residents (n=22) 10.4–65.3 pg/m3 (100) 23.4 pg/m3 Yao et al., 2018Dust China Manufacturing plant, office 1 2010 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, office 2 580 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, product
storage 12040 Wang et al., 2010
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Dust Country/Region Year of sampling (n) Type of location Concentration range
g/kg dw (%>LOD)Mean
g/kg dw Comment Reference
Dust China Manufacturing plant, product storage 2
25820 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, raw material stock room 1
4340 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, raw material stock room 2
590 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, electrolysis workshop 1
2400 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, electrolysis workshop 2
1460 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, electrolysis workshop 3
4990 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, sulfonation workshop 1
15110 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, sulfonation workshop 2
15920 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, sulfonation workshop 3
9950 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, laboratory building
4740 Wang et al., 2010
Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 1 100 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 2 140 Wang et al., 2010Dust China Manufacturing plant, road 3 1260 Wang et al., 2010
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Table 1.9. Detection in products
Matrix Country/Region Year of sampling (n)
Type of product/material
Concentration mean g/kg dw (%>LOD) Comment Reference
Consumer products Czech Republic 2008 Curtain (textile) 2.18 New Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2004 Foam (textile) 0.586 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2003 Foam (textile) 0.409 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1996 Teddy bear cover (textile) 0.439 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1986 Table cloth (textile) 0.437 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Upholstery material (textile) 2.93 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Foam (textile) 1.085 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Upholstery material (textile) 0.835 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Blanket (textile) 0.219 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2010 Carpet-red (floor covering) 0.256 New Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2006 Carpet-grey (floor covering) 5.016 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2006 Carpet-green (floor covering) 0.448 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Persian carpet (floor covering) 3.26 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1981 Carpet (floor covering) 1.25 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2010 Switch (EEE) 0.054 New Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 2001 Keyboard (EEE) 0.059 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1996 TV 0.115 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Consumer products Czech Republic 1991 Fridge rubber insulation (EEE) 0.09 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 1986 Chipboard (OSB and wood) 0.207 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2010 Blow cellulose insulation 0.642 New Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2006 Mounting and sealing foam 0.662 New Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2010 Pipe insulation aeroflex 1.43 New Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2006 Paper insulation 0.372 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2006 Plaster (facade material) 0.182 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2010 Window finishing beard (facade material) 0.252 New Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2006 Window corner bead (facade material) 1.48 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Building materials Czech Republic 2006 Drywall (facade material) 24.5 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Car interior material Czech Republic 2006 Hyundai textile material 0.147 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Car interior material Czech Republic 2006 Hyundai textile material 0.479 Used Becanova et al., 2016
Car interior material Czech Republic 2006 Skoda-textil material 0.027 Used Becanova et al., 2016
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Matrix Country/Region Year of sampling (n)
Type of product/material
Concentration mean g/kg dw (%>LOD) Comment Reference
Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=7) Paper based FCM 0.6 (6) Kotthoff et al., 2015
Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=13) Ski wax 9.3 (35) Kotthoff et al., 2015
Consumer products Germany 2010 (n=13) Leather 10.1 (96) Kotthoff et al., 2015
Consumer products Norway Paint 0.53 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Paint 0.31 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Electrics and electronics 0.06 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Carpet (textile) 0.08 g/m3 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Lether 4.81 g/m3 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Non-stick wear pans 14.1 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Non-stick wear pans 11.9 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Norway Non-stick wear pans 1.86 Herzke et al., 2012
Fire-fighting agents Norway AFFF 370,000 Herzke et al., 2012
Consumer products Untied States 2014-15 (n=407)
Paper based FCM 56% of bread and dessert wrappers, 38% of sandwich and burger wrappers and 20% of paperboard contained fluorine (total fluorine) no fluorine was detected in paper cops. PFHxS was detected in 1 of 20 samples analysed with LC/MS/TOF
Schaider et al., 2017
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Table 1.10. Concentrations of PFHxS in human serum (See also ECHA 2017a, Annex II Table 14)
Location Year NHuman serum concentration (µg/L)
median (rang, %LOQ) or geometric mean (GM) Remarks Reference
PFHxS PFOS PFOAAfghanistan, Kabul
2007 43 adults12 children
Max level 3.0(22%)
1.2 (0.2–11.8)100%
Max level 3.0(24%)
PFOA and PFOS were not detected in tap water (LOQ µg/L: 0.03 PFOA, 0.015 PFOS)Adults (20–43 years old), Children (2.5–9 years old)
Hemat et al., 2010
Arctic Russia
2001 7 0.26 (0.15–0.46) 11.0 (5.56–14.11) 1.61 (0.63–2.48) Norilsk, Taimyr AO Region of Russia, blood from mothers collected 3 days post-delivery.
Norilsk participants mostly consumed store-bought foods (primarily non-local). There was some consumption of tundra reindeer, ptarmigan, and fish (mostly Salmonidae and Coregonidae species)
Hanssen et al., 2013
Australia 2002/022006/072008/092010/11
26 pools84 pools24 pools24 pools
3.6 (2–12.8) 2.9 (<LOD– 11.3)3 (1.2–5.7)3.3 (1.4–5.4)
25 (19.1–36.1) 14.8 (5–28.5)11 (5.3–19.2)9.4 (4.4–17.4)
10.6 (7–14.5) 6.4 (0.8–9.1)5.1 (2.8–7.3)4.3 (3.1–6.5)
Pools of human serum, all ages and both sex combined
Toms et al., 2014
Canada 2008–11 1940 GM 1.03 (<LOD–40) GM 4.56 (<LOD–36) GM 1.65(<LOD–16) Maternal-child cohort study in 10 sites across Canada
Fisher et al., 2016
Canada 2007–2009 1376 GM 3.2 * GM 11.0* GM 2.9* Plasma concentrations of Canadian males, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1
Health Canada, 2013
Canada 2009–2011 510 GM 2.4* GM 8.3* GM 2.6* Plasma concentrations of Canadian males, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2
Health Canada, 2013
Canada 2007–2009 1504 GM 1.6* GM 7.1* GM 2.2* Plasma concentrations of Canadian females, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1
Health Canada, 2013
Canada 2009–2011 505 GM 1.3* GM; 5.7* GM 2.0* Plasma concentrations of Canadian females, aged 20-79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2
Health Canada, 2013
China 2014 100 1.18 (0.61–2.42) 14.23 (0.24–1.04) 3.24 (1.83–5.61) Maternal serum first trimester Wuhan, China, mean (5th–95th percentile)
Pan et al., 2017
China 2008–12 302 764 (<LOD to 19,837)
1725 (50.3–118000) 427 (2.5–32000) Occupational exposure at a fluorochemical plant (Hexin Chemical Plant, Yingcheng, Hubei province). Serum levels of PFHxS and PFOA increased with length of service.
Fu et al., 2016
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Location Year N
Human serum concentration (µg/L)median (rang, %LOQ) or geometric mean (GM)
Remarks Reference
ChinaDenmarkGreenlandNorway
2013–2015 (China)1996–2002 (Denmark)2008–2013 (Denmark)2010–2013 (Greenland)2007–2009 (Norway)
44815941533207391
GM 0.58 (0.55;0.61) GM 1.06 (1.03;1.09)GM 0.44 (0.43;0.45)GM 0.79 (0.73;0.84)GM 0.47 (0.45;0.50)
GM 8.0(7.6;8.3)GM 28.3(27.7;29.0)GM 7.7 (7.5;7.9)GM 10.9 (10.3;11.7)GM 8.0(7.7;8.4)
GM 10.7(10.2;11.1)GM 4.3(4.2;4.4)GM 1.8(1.8;1.9)GM 1.3(1.2;1.4)GM 1.6(1.6;1.7)
Blood sample were taken at gestagenal week 15, 9.7, 12.3, 25.1 and 18.6 weeks in the respective birth cohort from China (Shanghai Birth Cohort), Denmark, (Danish National Birth Cohort and Aarhus Birth Cohort), Greenlandic Birth Cohort and Northern-Norway Mother Child Contaminant Cohort.
Log-transformed PFAA concentrations were adjusted for age and parity using analysis of covariance.
Bjerregaard-Olesen et al., 2017
Faroe Island 20062011-12, 2007-2008
105151
M 2.38 (0.53-3.71)C 5.94 (3.59–14.3)F (0.5 (0.15–1.35)
M 47.8 (12.66-76.04)C 9.82 (4.40–15.0)F 5.59 (1.82–13.8)
M 3.46 (2.79-5.36)C 0.73 (0.34–1.97)F 1.0 (0.35–3.1)
Male age 47–80 (whaling men)Children age 13Female age 19–44
Hu et al., 2018
Germany ESB, 1982-2009 420 0.079−5.10 0.417−116.0 0.092−39.4 Participants (age 20-29 year), mostly students from two German cities, i.e. Münster and Halle. In this study, also PFSA and PFCA precursors (DiPAPs and SamPAPs) were detected in human plasma.
PFOS peaked between 1985 and 1990, PFHxS peaked between 2000 and 2005
Yeung et al., 2013
Greenland 2010-2013 207 0.70 10.15 1.19 Pregnant Inuit women (18-44 years), blood sampled at gestational week 25.1 (range 7-40 week)
In the North region, the levels of PFSAs in the blood were associated with both Se and Hg.These data indicate that the pregnant women's burden of PCBs, OCPs, PFASs, Pb and Hg is mainly derived from intake of the traditional food including marine mammals, seabirds, fish and terrestrial species.
Long et al., 2015
Greenland 2002/03 196 2.01 (0.091-20.5) 44.7 (12.3-161) 4.54 (1.52–13.7) Male Inuit, seafood 2 days/week Lindh et al., 2012India, Coimbatore
2000 45 Female 1.6 (<1–1.8, 36%)Male 1.5 (<1–2.9, 41%)
Female 2.5 (<1–3, 55%)Male 1.3 (<1–3.1, 50%)
Female <3 5 (<3, 0%)Male 3.5 (<3–3.5, 3%)
Agricultural and industrial area Kannan et al., 2004
Italy 2016 25025743
2.49 (0.03-9.14)a
2.98 (0.09-43.40)b
9.16 (2.74-32.30)c
5.84 (0.56-119) a 1.64 (27.9) a a not exposedb exposedc exposed (Lonigo)
drinking water exposure, area with fluorochemical plant
Annex E Council of Chemists of the Province of Treviso, Italy
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Location Year N
Human serum concentration (µg/L)median (rang, %LOQ) or geometric mean (GM)
Remarks ReferenceJapan 2013201420152016
83817688
0.54 (n.d.–1.8)0.42 (n.d.–1.1)0.22 (n.d.–0.8)0.32 (0.071–0.76)
– – Select three areas in each year, (40–59 years old and long-time resident) in each survey area
Japan Annex E, Survey of the Exposure to chemical compounds in human (FY 2013 to FY 2016). The Environmental Risk Assessment Office, Environmental Health Department, Ministry of the Environment, Japan has conducted this survey and are open on website below: http://www.env.go.jp/chemi/dioxin/pamph/cd/2017en_full.pdf
Norway 2007-8 123 0.34 (0.04-1.64) 5.37 (1.63-17.7) 1.03 (0.36-4.24) Gützkow et al., 2012
Norway 2007-9 391 0.44 (<LOD-14.8, 99%)
8.03 (0.3-35.8, 100%)
1.53 (0.28-11, 100%) Women who completed The Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA).
Blood samples donated at mean gestational week 18.6 (9–36)
Berg et al., 2014
Norway 2010-11 950 0.71 (0.18-84.7, 100%)
6.20 (1.28-99.2, 100%)
1.92 (0.51-14.0, 100%)
445 girls age 16.5495 boys, age 16.3Boys had significant higher sum PFOS and sum PFHxS.
PFHxS levels were higher in the group that had fat fish >1x week, 1-6 glasses of sugar drinks and canned food 4-6 times per week
Averina et al., 2018
Poland 2002/03 190 1.18 (0.43-3.78) 18.5 (8.20 -40.2) 4.84 (1.48–16.0) Male, seafood 1 day/week Lindh et al., 2012Sweden,Ronneby
2014–2016 106 277 (12.3–1660) 345 (24.1–1500) 17.5 (2.38–92) Participants age 4–84 years, 53% females, receiving PFAS contaminated drinking water
Li et al., 2018
Sweden,Ronneby
2014–2016 3418 152 (<0.5–1790) 176 (<0.50–1870) 10.4 (<0.4–91.9) Drinking water exposure until 2013, (AFFF training area and military facility located nearby the municipal water source). Levels (ng/L) in outgoing water from waterworks in Ronneby: 1770 PFHxS, 8000 PFOS, 100 PFOA.Highest serum levels in persons that had live 35 years in this area.
Li et al., 2018
Sweden,Karlshamn
2016 242 0.84 (<0.5–60.1) 4.21 (<0.5–55.3) 1.59 (<0.4–4.98) Reference site nearby Ronneby with PFAS clean water source
Li et al., 2018
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Location Year NHuman serum concentration (µg/L)
median (rang, %LOQ) or geometric mean (GM) Remarks Reference
Ukraine 2002/2003 203 0.34 (<LOD– 3.42) 7.60 (2.77 –29.9) 1.29 (<LOD–35.0) Male, seafood 2 days/week Lindh et al., 2012United States
2015 37 GM 3.12 (1.07–12.55)
GM 4.96 (0.39–31.35)
GM 1.57 (0.30–4.07) Age 22-34 years, Serum PFHxS levels were also elevated in individuals that vacuumed less often, and in individuals that reported consuming more microwavable foods.
Sibenaler et al., 2017
United States
NHANES 2013-2014 639 0.84 (0.76–0.94) 2.51 (2.03–2.74) 1.81 (1.64–2.01) Children age 3–11 Jane, 2018
United States
2009 31 GM 1.5 (0.2–13) In blood serum of some office workers in Boston, exposed to FTOHs
Fraser et al., (2012)
United States
2000
2006
2010
654
600
600
2.25
1.52
1.34
34.9
14.5
8.3
2.70
3.44
2.44
Red Cross adult blood donors (total, both men and women)
Percentage decline from 2000-2001 to 2010PFHxS (40%), PFOS (76%), PFOA (48%).
Olsen et al., (2012)
United States
NHANES 1999–2000 and 2003-2004
2094 GM 2.1GM 1.9 (0.7–8.3)
GM 30.4GM 20.7 (9.8–54.6)
GM 5.2GM 3.9 (1.9–9.8)
All groups together GM (10th and 95th percentile)
Calafat et al., 2007
United States
NHANES 1999–2006 1032 2.0 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.2 23.7 ± 0.7 60 years old participants Fry et al., 2017
Uzbekistan 2002 10 n.d. 0.23 (<0.08–0.89) n.d. Urgench, and Khazarasp cities, Uzbekistan, blood from mothers collected 3 days post-delivery.Uzbekistan women featured a varietyof items produced locally (e.g., meat, poultry, fish, cereal, fruits, andvegetables)
Hanssen et al., 2013
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Table 1.11. Levels in cord blood (See also ECHA 2017a, annex II, Table 14)Cord blood concentration ng/mL
Median, (range), % detection (LOD)Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks Reference
Arctic Russia 2001 0.14 (0.08-0.33) 0.49 (0.15-1.12) 4.11 (1.75-6.27) n=7, Norilsk, Taimyr AO Region of Russia.
Hanssen et al., 2013
Canada, Ottawa 2005-2008 0.5 (n.d.–9.6)77%
5.0 (n.d.–21.7)98%
1.6 (0.3–5.2)100%
N=100 Arbuckle et al., 2013
Canada 2008-2011 <LOD (0.3)Min=n.d. max=1.9
(22.89% above LOD)
<LOD (0.3)Min=n.d. Max=5.8
(63.58% above LOD)
0.35 (GM)Min=n.d. Max=5.6
(47.73% above LOD)
n=1385 Fisher et al., 2016
China, Guangzhou 2013 3.87 (n.d.–20.15)97.2%
2.99 (n.d.–744.2)97.51%
1.23 (n.d.–229.36)96.88%
n=321 Zhang et al., 2017
China, Wuhan 2014 0.46 (0.24–1.04)*100%
4.38 (1.66–12.54)*100%
1.41 (0.8–2.63)*100%
n=100*(5th–95th percentile)
See also maternal serums
Pan et al., 2017
Norway 2007-8 0.23 (0.04-1.12) 1.78 (0.04-6.49) 1.03 (0.04-3.23) n=123 Gützkow et al., 2012*plasma
Table 1.12. Levels in Breast milk (See also ECHA 2017a, annex II, Table 14)Breast milk concentration ng/ml
Median, (range), % detection (LOD)Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks Reference
Cambodia 2000 nd (<0.002–0.019)13%
0.039 (0.017–0.327)100%
n.d. (<0.043–0.131)4%
n=24 Tao et al., 2008b
China 2004 0.004–0.1 0.045–0.36 0.047–210 Range, n=19, all above LOD So et al., 2006 (Annex E China)China 0.012–2.52 0.0446–83.1 <0.05–2.19 5 samples from 5 different citys Yeung et al., 2006France 2007 0.050 (0.040–0.066)
100%0.079 (<0.05–0.330)90%
0.075 (<0.05–0.224)98%
median, (range), Number >LODn=48
Antignac et al., 2013
Germany 2007–2009 n.d., (<0.02–0.3)3%
0.04 (<0.3–0.11)72%
n.d., (<0.15–0.25)2%
No. >LOQn=44 participants (1 samples each month)
Fromme et al., 2010
Indonesia 2001 0.013 (<0.002–0.059)100%
0.067 (0.025–0.256)45%
n.d.0%
n=20 Tao et al., 2008b
Japan 1999 0.006 (<0.002–0.018)92%
0.196 (0.140–0.523)100%
0.067 (<0.043–0.170)92%
n=24 Tao et al., 2008b
Malaysia 2003 0.007 (<0.002–0.013)85%
0.121 (0.048–0.350)100%
n.d. (<0.042–0.090)23%
n=13 Tao et al., 2008b
Philippines 2000/2004 0.007 (<0.002–0.013)92%
0.104 (0.027–0.208)100%
n.d (<0.043–0.183)29%
n=24 Tao et al., 2008b
Republic of Korea 1999–2005 0.007 (0.001–0.016) 0.061 (0.032–0.130) 0.041 (<0.043–0.077) n=17 Kim et al., 2011Spain 2007–2008 0.040 (0.02–0.11)
100%0.11 (<0.05–0.22) 100% n.d.
0%n=10 Karrman et al., 2010
Sweden 1972 <0.005 0.023 0.019 n=75 Sundstrøm et al., 2011
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Breast milk concentration ng/mlMedian, (range), % detection (LOD)
Location Year PFHxS PFOS PFOA Remarks Reference197619801984/19851988199019921994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420072008
<0.0050.0060.0060.0160.0100.0110.0150.0280.0160.0160.0280.0230.0240.0170.0270.0250.0170.0170.014
0.0590.1030.1720.2110.2020.2220.2190.2140.2240.2370.2120.2340.2130.1980.2100.1790.1880.1220.075
0.0410.0600.0780.1480.1060.1110.1060.1390.1110.1380.1280.1200.1240.0980.1180.0980.1000.0860.074
n=78n=116n=102n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=20n=15n=20n=20n=18
Sweden 2004 0.070 (0.031–0.172)100%
0.166 (0.060–0.470)100%
Not available(<0.209–0.492)
Median, (range), Number >LODn=12 primiparous women
Karrman et al., 2007
SwedenUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaUppsalaGöteborgUppsalaLundLycksele
199619971998199920002001200220032003–2004
0.0370.0300.0400.0440.0280.0280.0510.0250.016
0.2090.2070.2190.2130.1910.2580.1940.1530.123
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209a
<0.209<0.209
aLevels were >LOD (0.01) but the blank level (0.209) was >50% of the detected concentrations.
Karrman et al., 2007
United States 2004 0.012 (<0.030–0.161)51%
0.106(<0.032–0.617)95%
0.044 (<0.031–0.161)88%
n=45 Tao et al., 2008a
Vietnam 2000/2001 0.004 (<0.002–0.027)73%
0.058 (0.017–0.393)100%
n.d (<0.043–0.089)3%
median, (range), Number >LODn=40
Tao et al., 2008b
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Table 2. Overview of PFHxS, its salts and PFHxS-related compounds identified in various national chemical inventories, including the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS), the Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL) (Environment Canada, 2013), the Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances in China (IECSC), the Japanese Existing and New Chemical Substances Inventory (ENCS), the Substances in Preparations in Nordic Countries (Nordic SPIN), and the United States Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory (US TSCA)
CAS number Chemical AICS CanadaDSL
ChinaIECSC
JapanENCS
NordicSPIN
USTSCA*
423-50-7 PFHxSF Yes Yes Yes, S
355-46-4 PFHxS Yes, S
3871-99-6 PFHxS, K Yes Yes Yes Yes*2 Yes Yes, S
55120-77-9 PFHxS, Li Yes Yes*2 Yes, P,S
68259-08-5 PFHxS, NH4+ Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
70225-16-0 PFHxS, NH(CH2CH2OH)2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
68259-15-4 MeFHxSA Yes Yes Yes, S
68555-75-9 MeFHxSE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
34455-03-3 EtFHxSE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
50598-28-2 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes, S
68957-61-9 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes Yes, S
68957-32-4 EtFHxSE-derivative Yes, S
67584-53-6 EtFHxSE-derivative Yes Yes Yes Yes*3 Yes Yes, S
68555-70-4 EtFHxSE-derivative Yes, S
68298-09-9 FHxSA-derivative Yes, S
68957-58-4 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes Yes Yes*4 Yes Yes, S
52166-82-2 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes Yes Yes*4 Yes Yes, S
66008-72-8 MeFHxSA-derivative Yes Yes, S
68227-98-5 MeFHxSE-acrylate Yes, S
67584-57-0 MeFHxSE-acrylate Yes Yes Yes, S
67584-61-6 MeFHxSE-acrylate Yes Yes Yes, S
38850-52-1 FHxSE-derivative Yes, S
1893-52-3 EtFHxSE-acrylate Yes Yes Yes, S
38850-60-1 FHxSA-derivative Yes, S
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CAS number Chemical AICS CanadaDSL
ChinaIECSC
JapanENCS
NordicSPIN
USTSCA*
80621-17-6 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes
67906-70-1 EtFHxSE-acrylate Yes Yes, S
38850-58-7 FHxSA-derivative Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
73772-32-4 FHxSE-derivative Yes Yes Yes, S
81190-38-7 FHxSE-derivative Yes Yes Yes, S
67939-92-8 EtFHxSE-derivative Yes, S
68815-72-5 PFHxS-ester Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
68555-90-8 MeFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
56372-23-7 EtFHxSE-driv. polyethoxylates Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
30295-56-8 FHxSA-derivative Yes
70776-36-2 MeFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
68877-32-7 EtFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes, S
68586-14-1 MeFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
68555-92-0 MeFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
68555-91-9 EtFHxSE-acrylate polymer mixtures
Yes Yes Yes Yes, S
*S=substances listed under the Significant New Use Rule; P=chemicals with a commenced pre-manufacture notice (P).*2: Registry name is perfluoroalkyl (C=4-12) sulfonic acid salt (Na, K, Li)*3: Registry name is perfluoroalkyl (C=6-10)-N-ethylsulfonyl glycine potassium salt*4: Registry name is perfluoroalkyl (C=6-10) sulfonamide propyl trimethyl ammonium salt
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Table 3. Comparison of half-lives of PFAS in male and females in a variety of species including human
PFAS Human (year) Rat (days) Mice (days) Pig (days) Monkey (days)
PFHxS M 8.5 (3109 days)Range 2.2-27.0
7.4 (95% CI: 6.0, 9.7)
35 GM 19.9 29.1 31 713 141
F 12.2 13.3
4.7 (95% CI: 3.9,5.9)
7.7 GM 7.5 1.64 25 713 87
PFOS M 5.4 (1976 days)Range 2.4-21.7
4.6(95% CI: 3.7,6.1)
27 GM 60.9 38 43 634 132
F 4.96.8
3.1 (95% CI: 2.7,3.7))
6.2 GM 8.0 62 38 634 110
PFOA M 3.8 (1378 days) Range 1.5-9.1
2.8 (95% CI: 2.4,3.4)
2.1 GM 4.7 5.6 22 236 21
F 3.33.3
2.4 (95% CI: 2.0,3.0)
2.6 GM 3.1 0.08 16 236 32
References Olsen et al., 2007a Li et al., 2018b Zhang et al., 2013c
Fu et al., 2016d Sundström et al., 2012e
Sundström et al., 2012e
Numata et al., 2014f
Sundström et al., 2012e
a: Half-life in 26 (24 males and 2 females) fluorplant workers, blood sampled for 5 successive years after retirement (individual half-life given for the two women). b: Drinking water exposure, up to seven blood samples collected between 2014 to 2016 from 106 individuals.c: Half-life estimated based on paired urine-blood samples and urine as only elimination way from 86 individuals.d: Half-life in fluorplant workers (n=302) estimated by daily clearance rate by paired blood-urine samples and annual decline in serum levels over 5 years.e: Clearance profile of PFHxS after a single oral dose; Rats (n=4/sex/group) within 96 h after exposure for 1, 10, or 100mg K+PFHxS/kg body weight. CD-1 mice were sampled at designated times (2, 4, and 8 h post-dose and days 1, 8, 15, 22, 36, 50, 64, and 162 post-dose (n=4/sex/dose group) after exposure to 1 or 20mg K+PFHxS/kg body weight. For rat and mice, blood, liver, kidney, 24h-hurine and feces were sampled. Three male and three female cynomolgus monkeys were given intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg PFHxS. Urine was collected up to day 119, and blood sampled at regular intervals up to day 171 post–dose. f: Fattening pigs, 10 gilts (female), 10 barrows (castrated male pigs) and 10 prepubescent male pigs) for 21 days they received either PFAA contaminated feed (hay and barley grown on agricultural land added soil improver contaminated with high concentrations with PFAS (PFHxS concentration was 91.3 g/kg, each animal received 2 kg/feed per day), blood were sampled at day -4 and days 4, 8, 11, 15, and 18 and at slaughter day 21, muscle, fat, liver, kidney, urine, and feces were sampled.
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Table 4.1. PFHxS serum levels and plasma, cholesterol, lipid levels and metabolic function associations
Region Year ofsampling
Location, cohort
Study-group,n, age
Study design
Association between PFHxS and plasma lipids and cholesterol
PFAS serum level
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments ReferenceTC LDL
-CTC/HDL
Non HDL
-C
HDL-C TRIG
North America
2005-2006 C8 Health Project, Ohio and West Virginia, United States
Non-pregnant adults,≥18 yrs n=46,294
C-S, Multivariate linear regression
↑ – – – – – Mean and SDPFHxS 5.1 (0.8)PFOS 22.4 (14.8)PFOA 80.3 (236.1)PFNA 1.6 (0.8)
All lipid outcomes except high densitylipoprotein cholesterol showed significant increasing trends by increasing decile of either compound (PFOA and PFOS).PFHxS and PFNA was only reported for TC, both positively associated.
Steenland et al., 2009
North America
2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycle 1)
Non-pregnant adults,18-74 yrs n=2700
C-S, Multivariate linear regression and IQR
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ns ns GM and SD in plasmaPFHxS 2.18 (2.63)PFOS 8.4 (2.04)PFOA 2.46 (1.83)
Over half of the study population was either obese or overweight.PFHxS OR for high cholesterol=1.27(95% CI: 1.1, 1.45)
No association was found between PFHxS and metabolic syndrome, insulin or glucose
Fisher et al., 2013
North America
1999-2000 and 2003-2004
NHANES, United States
≥12 yrs,n=1443, (adolescent 474, adults 969)
C-S, Multivariate linear regression
– – – – ns ns – No association was found between PFHxS and metabolic syndrome, insulin or glucose in adolescent or adults
PFNA was ↑ hyperglycemia in adolescents.
Lin et al., 2009b
North America
2003-2004 NHANES, United States
12-80 yrs,n=860
C-S, multivariate linear regres-sion and IQR, analyses in sex and age (12–19, 20–59, 60–80 years) subgroups for each PFC separately
↓P=0.07
↓P=0.01
– ↓ ↑P=0.11
– Median and rangPFHxS 1.8 (0.2-27.1)PFOS 21 (1.4-392)PFOA 3.9 (0.1-37.3)PFNA 1.0 (0.1-10.3)
PFHxS consistently acted in the opposite direction of the other PFASs in the cholesterol analyses, (PFOS, PFOA and PFNA ↑ HDL-C, TC, LDL).
No association was found between PFAS and metabolic syndrome, insulin or glucose
Nelson et al., 2010
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Region Year ofsampling
Location, cohort
Study-group,n, age
Study design
Association between PFHxS and plasma lipids and cholesterol
PFAS serum level
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments Reference
North America
2003-2012 NHANES, United States
>20 yrs,n=7904Male=3956Female=3948
C-S, multivariate linear regres-sion analyses in sex and age, IQR
ns ns – – ↑f ns Mean and SD male: PFHxS 2.88 (0.05)PFOS 20.8 (0.32)PFOA 4.5 (0.06)PFNA 1.52 (0.02)female: PFHxS 1.94 (0.04)PFOS 14.51 (0.26)PFOA 3.46 (0.04)PFNA 1.3 (0.03)
Diabetes prevalence in female in Q4 PFHxS OR=1.22 (p=0.056).
Systolic blood pressure ↑f
PFOA was ↑ associated with diabetes in males, and with TC in adults.
He et al., 2018
North America
1999-2002 Project Viva, Boston, Mother-child pairs
682 mother child pairs
C-(P)-cohort,multivariate linear regres-sion analyses, IQR-of prenatal or mid-childhood PFAS and mid-childhoodlipids and liver enzymes (ALT)
ns ns ns ns ns ns Median and (P25-P75)Prenatal-PFASsPFHxS 2.4 (1.6-3.8)PFOS 24.6 (17.9-34)PFOA 5.4 (3.9-7.6)PFNA 0.6(0.5-0.9)
Mid-childhoodPFHxS 1.9 (1.2-3.4)PFOS 6.2 (4.2-9.7)PFOA 4.3 (3.0-6.0)PFNA 1.5 (1.1-02.3)
Maternal blood sampled 1th trimester week 9.7 in 1999-2002Mid-childhood blood at median age 7.7 yrs, 2007-2010
Among girls, higher PFOS, PFOA and PFDeA ↑ TG and/or LDL-C. However, boys and girls these PFAS combined ↑HDL-C and ↓ ALT.
Mora et al., 2018
North America
1993-2001 children and adolescents enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR)
≤7 yrs on 9/11/01 or born between 9/11/93 and 2001n=123 in the WTCHR group and n=185 in control group
C-C, multivariate regression analysis
↑ ↑ – – ns ns Median Control-WTCHRPFHxS: 0.53–0.67PFOS: 2.78–3.72PFOA: 1.39–1.81PFNA: 0.49–0.61
PFHxS decreased insulin resistance-8.6% change, (beta coefficient=-0.09 (95% CI-0.18, -0.003),
Koshy et al., 2017
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Region Year ofsampling
Location, cohort
Study-group,n, age
Study design
Association between PFHxS and plasma lipids and cholesterol
PFAS serum level
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments Reference
Europe 2003-2004 MoBa, Norway
Pregnant women, n=891,(18-44) yrs
C-S,Multivariate regression
ns ns – – ↑ ns Median and (P25-P75)PFHxS 0.60 (0.44–0.87)PFOS 13.03 (10.31–16.60)PFOA 2.25 (1.66-3.03)PFNA 0.39 (0.29-0.51)
Sampling 2nd trimester
PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, and PFHxS showed positive linearassociations with HDL-cholesterol in adjusted models. Pr ln increase of PFHxS:=1.46 (95% CI: 0.19, 2.73).
Starling et al., 2014
Europe 2003-2008 INMA, Spain
Pregnant women, n=1240,(18-44) yrs
C-S, Multivariate linear regression
ns – – – – ↓a GM and rangPFHxS 0.55 (0.05-11.0)PFOS 5.77 (0.28-38.58)PFOA 2.31 (0.28-31.64)PFNA 0.64 (0.03-5.51)
Sampling 1st trimester
Both PFOS and PFHxS ↑ with impaired glucose tolerance;PFHxS OR=1.65 (95%CI: 0.99, 2.76) per log 10-unit increase aAssociation was nonlinear
Matilla-Santander et al., 2017
Europe 2003-2008 INMA, Spain
n=627 mother-child pair
C-P,Multivariate linear regression
ns ns – – ns ↑a at 4 yrs
GM and (P25–P75)PFHxS 0.61 (0.43–0.84)PFOS 5.80 (4.52–7.84)PFOA 2.32 (1.63–3.31)PFNA 0.66 (0.5–0.90)
Maternal plasma PFAS at 1st trimesterBlood lipids at age 4 (non-fasting)
aTRIG z-score [for a doubling of exposure, =0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.21]
Manzano-Salgado et al., 2017
C8 Health Project, Ohio and West Virginia: community residents to a chemical plant, exposed to PFOA (and other PFAS) through drinking water; NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey); MoBa (The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study)C-C: case-control; C(P): cohort (prospective); C(R): cohort (retro perspective); C-S: cross-sectional↑ Positive association p≤0.05; ↓ negative association p≤0.05; Non-significant association: ↑ Positive association p>0.05; ↓ negative association p>0.05; - not studied; ns: non-significant;CI: confidence interval; IQR: interquartile range; Q: quartile; PFAS: perfluoroalkyl substances;PFHxS: perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate; TC=total cholesterol; LDL-C=low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TRIG=triglycerides; ALT=alanine aminotransferase
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Table 4.2. PFHxS serum levels and thyroid hormone associations
Region year of sampling
Location cohort
Study group,n, age Study design
Association between PFHxS and THs PFAS serum level,and matrix
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments ReferenceTSH TT4 TT3 fT3 fT4
Asia 2006-2010
Republic of Korea
Cordblood n=279 (147 females, 132 males)
C(P), multiple linear regression models, cord blood PFAS and TH
ns ns ↑f – – PFHxS 0.38 (0.11-1.31)PFOS 0.66 (0.07-5.9)PFOA 0.91 (0.05-2.4)PFNA 0.2 (0.03-1.24)
PFOS and PFPeA ↑ T4 in femalePFNA ↓ TSH in femalePFDA ↑ T3 in female
PFDeA, PFNA , PFPeA and PFHxS were highly correlated in cord blood
Shan-Kulkarni et al., 2016
Asia 2009-2010
Republic of Korea
Neonates, blood 1–3 months after birth(27) cases, (13) controls
C-C,Cases=congenital hypothyroidism (CH) infants
ns ns ns – – CasesPFHxS 1.23 (0.13-3.11)PFOS 5.33 (0.50-23.9)PFOA 5.4 (0.79-15.7)PFNA 1.93 (0.31-4.59)
ControlsPFHxS 1.17 (0.2-3.45)PFOS 4.05 (0.64-11.6)PFOA 2.12 (0.36-4.55)PFNA 0.63 (nd-1.64)
In the control group:PFPeA and PFHpA was ↑ with relevant microsomal antibodies
Case group received medication for congenital hypothyroidism and this may have impacted the results.
Kim et al., 2016
In infants with congenital hypothyroidism (n=27) PFHxS and PFOA as well as total PFSAs and total PFAS was ↓ with thyroid stimulating–immunoglobulin (TSI)
North America
2011-2012
NHANES, United States
Children (158 boys, 158 girls)12-<20 yrs
C-S,Multiple linear regression)
ns ↓m ns ns ns Median and (P25-P75)
PFHxS 0.83 (0.56, 1.74)PFOS 3.76 (2.33, 5.57)PFOA 1.53 (1.15, 2.15)PFNA 0.73 (0.52, 1.10)
In male: PFOS and PFNA↑ with TSHIn female: PFOA ↓ with TSH
Lewis et al., 2015
North America
2007-2008
CHirP study, Vancover, Canada
Pregnant women, n=152
C-S,Multiple linear regression, IQR
ns ns – – ns Maternal analysis (15 wk gestation, 2nd
trimester)
PFHxS 1.0 <0.5-12)PFOS 4.8 (1.2-16)PFOA 1.7 (<0.5-4.6)PFNA 0.6 (<0.5-1.8)
No PFAS were associated with TSH, T4 or fT4 in women with normal TPOAb.
In women with TPOAb ≥9 UI/ml (n=14): 46-69% ↑ in TSH observed with IQR ↑ in PFNA, PFOA or PFOS.
IQR ↑ in all 4 PFAS gave 3-4%↑in fT4
Webster et al., 2014
North America
2005-2006
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Pregnant women(96) cases,(175) controls
C-C,Cases=hypothyroxinemiaConditional logistic regression
Neither PFOS, PFOA or PFHxS were association with maternal hypothyroxinemia;PFHxS adjusted analysis OR=1.12 (95%CI :0.89, 1.41)
PFHxS GM nmol/L cases 2.86 (1.46-5.70)control 2.59 (1.35-4.90)
PFOS GM 14.15 PFOA GM 3.10
Serum levels provided in nmol/L
Hypothyroxinaemic cases were defined as reduced fT4 (≤8.8 pmol/L) despite normal TSH (0.15-≤4 mUI/ml)
Chan et al., 2011
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Region year of sampling
Location cohort
Study group,n, age Study design
Association between PFHxS and THs
PFAS serum level,and matrix
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments Reference
North America
1999-2002
Project Viva,Boston, Massa-chusetts, United States
Pregnant women (732)Neonates (480)
C (P)multiple linear regression models, IQR
#TT4 were only TH measured in neonates.
ns* ns*
↓m#
– – ↓* Maternal analysis (9.6 wk gestation)PFHxS 2.4 <LOD-43.2)PFOS 24.0 (2.8-115)PFOA 5.6 (0.3-36.7)
Neonates analysisPFHxS 2.3 <LOD-43.2)PFOS 23.5 (4.6-115)PFOA 5.5 (0.9-20.1)
* Maternal analysis: PFHxS was neg associated with free T4 index (-4.19% pr quartile increase in PFHxS)Q2-4 vs Q4: - 4.19% (95% CI:-7.43, -0.85)
TPOAb positive (n=98): maternal TSH was neg correlated with PFOS and PFNA, but not significant for PFHxS IQR=-4.87 (95%CI:-12.7, 3.88)
# Neonates analysis: neonate PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were negatively associated with T4 levels in male neonatesPFHxS Q4 vs Q1: beta=-2.51 µg/dL (95% CI: -3.99, -1.04)Plasma T4 levels in male neonates were also negativly associated with prenatal (maternal) PFAS levels; beta=-0.46 (95%CI: -0.85, -0.10)
Preston et al., 2018
Asia 2000-2001
Taiwan Pregnant women (285), mean 28.8 yrs, neonated (116)
C (P)multivariate linear regression models
↑ ns ns – ns Median and (P25-P75)PFHxS 0.81 (0.30-1.35)PFOS 12.73 (9.65-17.48)PFOA 2.39 (1.54-3.40)PFNA 1.51 (0.85-2.51)
PFAS and TH in maternal serum (3rd T), Cord blood TH only
Positive association between PFHxS and TSH in pregnant women, beta=0.105 (95%CI: 0.002, 0.207).
No association between PFHxS in maternal serum and cord blood.
Wang et al., 2014
Europe 2007-2009
Northern Norway contam. Cohort Study (MISA)
Pregnant women (391)
C (P)multivariate linear regression models, IQR, included also thyroid hormone binding protein
↑* ns ns ns ns PFHxS 0.44 (0.3-1.1)PFOS 8.03 PFOA 1.53PFNA 0.56
* Both PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS concentrations were associated with higher TSH concentration. However, when including PFOS as covariate significance for PFOA and PFHxS were no longer present.
Berg et al., 2015
Europe 2003-2004
MoBa,Norway
Pregnant women (903), mean (range) 30 (18-44) yrs
C (P)multiple linear regression models
ns – – – – Median and (P25-P75)PFHxS 0.60 (0.43-0.84)PFOS 12.81 (10.13-16.49)PFOA 2.51 (1.57-2.95)PFNA 0.39 (0.28-0.51)
Maternal plasma (17-18 gws)
A small positive association was observed between PFOS and TSH.
Wang et al., 2013
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UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Region year of sampling
Location cohort
Study group,n, age Study design
Association between PFHxS and THsPFAS serum level,
and matrix
Median (range) ng/mlor geometric mean
(GM)
Comments Reference
North America
2008-2009
Time to pregnancy cohort
Women 30-44yrsn=99
C-(P), Multiple linear regression,IQR of natural log PFAS
ns ns ns – – GM (95%CI)PFHxS 1.59 (1.37, 1.84)PFOS 9.29 (8.31, 10.38)PFOA 2.79 (2.48, 3.16)PFNA 0.84 (0.74, 0.97)
Women with history of infertility, polycystic ovaries, ovarian disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis etc were excluded from the study
Sum PFAS ↑T3
Crowford et al., 2017
North America
2011-2012
NHANES, United States
n=1682 >12-80 yrs
C-S,Multiple linear regression
ns ns ↑ f 50-80 yrs
ns ns Median and (P25-P75) PFHxS females20-40 yrs: 0.69 (0.43, 1.10) 60-80 yrs: 1.47 (0.9, 2.34)
In women age 50-80 TT3 increased with 2.0 % (95% CI: 0.2, 3.9) per doubling in PFHxS level.
No association was observed in men.
Lewis et al., 2015
North America
2007-2008and 2009-10
NHANES, United States
n=1540, ≥12 years
C-S, multivariate linear, IQR
– ↑ – – – – Jain et al., 2013
North America
2007-2008 and2009-2010
NHANES, United States
n=1181 ≥20 years
C-S,IQR of natural log PFAS, multivariable linear
ns ↑f ↑f ns ↓m GM (95% CI)PFHxS 2.0, (1.89-2.11)PFOS 14.2, (13.59-14.86)PFOA 4.15, (4.02-4.29)PFNA 1.54, (1.48-1.59)
f in women, min menhypothyroidism (defined as TSH<0.24 mIU/L)
hyperthyroidism (defined as TSH>5.43 mIU/L)
Wen et al., 2013
In women: ↑risk of sub-clinical hypothyroidism with increasing PFHxS levels, OR 3.10 CI (1.22-7.86), ↑risk of sub-clinical hyperthyroidism with increasing PFHxS levels, OR 2.27 CI (1.07-4.80)
North America
2007-2008
NHANES, US
n=1525 ≥18 years(8% were in the high TPOAb group and 28% had urinary iodine levels<100 µg/L)
C-S, IQR of ln PFAS multivariate linear
↑ and ↑ a
ns ↑ a
and ↑b
↑ a ↓ a PFHxS 2.0 (<LOD-81.6)PFOS 14.2 (<LOD-253)PFOA 4.2 (<LOD-104)PFNA 1.2 (<LOD-25.7)
a p<0.05 for the group with both high TPOAb and low urinary iodineb p<0.05 for the group with low urinary iodineTPOAb>9 IU/ml is a vulnerable group if Combined with low iodine
Webster et al., 2016
fT3/fT4 ratio ↑ a
Asia Southern-China Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces
n=202,Infant-90 yrs(group 20-44 yrs, n=115)
C-S, IQR ofln PFAS multivariate linear
ns – – ns ns PFHxS 0.2 (<LOD-2.3)PFOS 1.3 (0.05-19)PFOA 1.6 (0.24-7.4)
FT3 and FT4 ↓ with PFAS8 (n=202)FT3 and FT4 ↓ with PFAS8 in the group with hyperthyroidism (increased FT3 and FT4 and reduced TSH, n=57) PFAS8=PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFPrA, PFPeA, PFBA, PFHxA, PFBS
Li et al., 2017
Asia 2008 Republic of Korea
n=633≥12 years
C-S, IQR,multivariable linear
ns ns – – – PFHxSMale 2.19Female: 1.1
Levels of PFHxS was significant correlated with consumption of vegetables, potato and fish/shellfish, PFTrDA was ↓ correlated with TT4
Ji et al., 2012
NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), MoBa (The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study)
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C-C: case-control; C(P): cohort (prospective); C(R): cohort (retro perspective); C-S: cross-sectional↑ Positive association p≤0.05; ↓ negative association p≤0.05; - not studied; b: boys; CI: confidence interval; FT4: free thyroxin; g: girls; IQR: interquartile range; ln: natural log transformed; ns: non-significant; PFAS: perfluoroalkyl substances;PFHxS: perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS: perfluorooctane sulfonate; Q: quartile; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone; TT4: total thyroxin; TT3: total triiodothyronine; fT3: free T3; fT4: free T4;Autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease, TPOAb ≥9 UI/ml and TSH), Hyperthyroidism: (high fT4, low TSH), Hypothyroxinemia (low fT4 without expected increase in TSH)
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Appendix IPerfluorohexane sulfonic acid and its PFHxS-related substances identified by OECD 2018 (http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/portal-perfluorinated-chemicals/).
No. CAS number Chemical name
1 423-50-7 Perfluorohexanesulfonyl fluoride
2 355-46-4 Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
3 3871-99-6 Potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate
4 55120-77-9 Lithium perfluorohexanesulfonate
5 68259-08-5 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, ammonium salt (1:1)
6 70225-16-0 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, compd. with 2,2'-iminobis[ethanol] (1:1)
7 68259-15-4 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-
8 68555-75-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-
9 34455-03-3 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
10 50598-28-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
11 68957-61-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, hydrochloride (1:1)
12 68957-32-4 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
13 67584-53-6 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
14 68555-70-4 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, sodium salt (1:1)
15 68298-09-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(phenylmethyl)-
16 68957-58-4 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, iodide (1:1)
17 52166-82-2 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, chloride (1:1)
18 66008-72-8 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[methyl[(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt
19 68227-98-5 2-Propenoic acid, 4-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]butyl ester
20 67584-57-0 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
21 67584-61-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
22 38850-52-1 1-Propanaminium, 3-[(carboxymethyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt
23 1893-52-3 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
24 38850-60-1 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-
25 80621-17-6 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[methyl[3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-, sodium salt (1:1)
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No. CAS number Chemical name
26 67906-70-1 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
27 38850-58-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt
28 73772-32-4 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
29 81190-38-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, sodium salt (1:1:1)
30 67939-92-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)]bis[N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
31 68815-72-5 Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-[[[3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]oxy]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
32 56372-23-7 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), ë±-[2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl]-ìä-hydroxy-
33 55591-23-6 Perfluorohexanesulfonyl chloride
34 41997-13-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
35 1270179-82-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-
36 1427176-17-7 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-
37 1270179-93-5 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N-diethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
38 149652-30-2 Benzene, 1-fluoro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
39 85665-64-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-propyl-
40 76848-59-4 Benzene, 1-chloro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
41 1427176-20-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-
42 254889-10-6 Pyridinium, 1-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt
43 85665-66-3 Glycine, N-propyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
44 93416-31-0 Isoxazolidine, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
45 76848-68-5 1H-Benzimidazolium, 1,3-diethyl-2-methyl-5-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1:1)
46 355-03-3 *cyclic Cyclohexanesulfonyl fluoride, 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-undecafluoro-
47 3107-18-4 *cyclic Cyclohexanesulfonic acid, 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-undecafluoro-, potassium salt (1:1)
48 67584-48-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-2-propen-1-yl-
49 67906-71-2 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester, polymer with octadecyl 2-propenoate and 2-propenoic acid
50 67939-61-1 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 4-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]butyl ester
51 67969-65-7 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-[2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl]-
52 68239-74-7 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N-methyl-
53 68259-38-1 Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], ë±-[2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl]-ìä-hydroxy-
53
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
No. CAS number Chemical name
54 68299-21-8 Benzenesulfonic acid, [[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]methyl]-, sodium salt (1:1)
55 68891-98-5 Chromium, diaquatetrachloro[ë_-[N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]glycinato-ë¼O:ë¼O']]-ë_-hydroxybis(2-propanol)di-
56 68957-53-9 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, ethyl ester
57 70248-52-1 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, sulfate (2:1)
58 73772-33-5 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, acetate (1:1)
59 73772-34-6 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]-
60 82382-12-5 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, sodium salt (1:1)
61 148240-80-6 Fatty acids, C18-unsatd., trimers, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl esters
62 51619-73-9 1-Octanesulfonamide, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-
63 68298-74-8 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[5-[[[2-[ethyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethoxy]carbonyl]amino]-2-methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]propyl ester (9CI)
64 70900-36-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[2-methyl-5-[[[4-[methyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]butoxy]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]propyl ester (9CI)
65 130114-31-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-1-oxoheptyl)amino]-, inner salt
66 141607-32-1 ë_-Alanine, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
67 178094-71-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, potassium salt (1:1)
68 30295-56-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
69 70776-36-2(polymer)
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, octadecyl ester, polymer with 1,1-dichloroethene, 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl 2-propenoate, N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propenamide, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate and 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate
70 68555-90-8(polymer)
2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate and 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate
71 68877-32-7 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester, polymer with 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
72 68586-14-1 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl ester, telomer with 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, α-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)-ω-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-
54
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
No. CAS number Chemical name
undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate and 1-octanethiol
73 68555-92-0 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl ester, polymer with 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate and octadecyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
74 68555-91-9 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester, polymer with 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate and octadecyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
55
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
Appendix IINon-exhaustive lists of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid and its related substances identified in Norwegian Environment Agency report M-792
Table 1. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and its related substances (non-exhaustive list)CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information55591-23-6 PFHxS-Cl salt: 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
tridecafluorohexane-1-sulphonyl chlorideEC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
67584-48-9 Precursor for PFHxS: N-allyltridecafluorohexanesulphonamide
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
67939-61-1 Precursor for PFHxS: 4-[methyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]butyl methacrylate
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
67969-65-7 Precursor for PFHxS: N-ethyltridecafluoro-N-[2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl]hexanesulphonamide
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
68239-74-7 Precursor for PFHxS: Tridecafluoro-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N-methylhexanesulphonamide
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
68299-21-8 Precursor for PFHxS: Sodium [[[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]methyl]benzenesulphonate
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
68891-98-5 Precursor for PFHxS: Diaquatetrachloro[μ-[N-ethyl-N-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinato-O1:O1']]-μ-hydroxybis(propan-2-ol)dichromium
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
68957-53-9 Precursor for PFHxS: Ethyl N-ethyl-N-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinate
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
70225-16-0 Precursor for PFHxS: Tridecafluorohexanesulphonic acid, compound with 2,2'-iminodiethanol (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
70248-52-1 Precursor for PFHxS: Bis[trimethyl-3-[[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]amino]propylammonium] sulphate
EC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
73772-33-5 Precursor for PFHxS No information73772-34-6 Precursor for PFHxS No information
56
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information82382-12-5 PFHxS-Na salt No information68555-70-4 Precursor for PFHxS: Sodium N-ethyl-N-
[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulphonyl]glycinateEC InventoryAnnex III InventoryPre-registration process
423-50-7 1-Hexanesulfonyl fluoride, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory; EC Inventory, Annex III Inventory, Pre-registration process
355-46-4 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory; EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, Identification of substances of VHC-previous consultation, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, Registry of submitted SVHC intentionshttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.989https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/40a82ea7-dcd2-5e6f-9bff-6504c7a226c5
3871-99-6 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, potassium salt (1:1)
EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, C&L Inventory, Hazard Classification and labellinghttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.021.268
55120-77-9 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, lithium salt (1:1)
No information
57
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information68259-08-5 1-Hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
tridecafluoro-, ammonium salt (1:1)EC Inventory, Annex III inventory, PACT list of substances, Pre-registration process, C&L Inventory, Hazard Classification and labellinghttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.173
41997-13-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory;
1270179-82-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-dimethyl-
No information
68259-15-4 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-
Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory; EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.178
1427176-17-7 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-methyl-
No information
1270179-93-5 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N-diethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
No information
68555-75-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.064.938
58
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information34455-03-3 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
Hazard classification & labelling, C&L Inventory; EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.047.299
85665-64-1 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-propyl-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.080.113
76848-59-4 Benzene, 1-chloro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
No information
50598-28-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.051.473
68957-61-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-, hydrochloride (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.066.665
1427176-20-2 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-
No information
68957-32-4 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.066.645
59
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information68298-09-9 1-Hexanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
tridecafluoro-N-(phenylmethyl)-No information
254889-10-6 Pyridinium, 1-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt
No information
67584-53-6 Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.060.646
68957-58-4 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, iodide (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.066.662
52166-82-2 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, chloride (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.052.436
85665-66-3 Glycine, N-propyl-N-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.080.115
60
UNEP/POPS/POPRC.14/INF/4
CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information68227-98-5 2-Propenoic acid, 4-
[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]butyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.066
67584-57-0 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.060.650
67584-61-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.060.654
38850-52-1 1-Propanaminium, 3-[(carboxymethyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.049.216
1893-52-3 2-Propenoic acid, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.015.984
38850-60-1 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.049.218
61
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CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information80621-17-6 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[methyl[3-
[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]propyl]amino]-, sodium salt (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.049.218
67906-70-1 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.061.554
38850-58-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-[(3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-, inner salt
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.049.217
73772-32-4 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl][(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.070.518
81190-38-7 1-Propanaminium, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N,N-dimethyl-, hydroxide, sodium salt (1:1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.072.436
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CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information67939-92-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N,N'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-
2,1-ethanediyl)]bis[N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.061.677
93416-31-0 Isoxazolidine, 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
No information
76848-68-5 1H-Benzimidazolium, 1,3-diethyl-2-methyl-5-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1:1)
(Image is of 76848-67-4, related)
No information
68815-72-5 Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-[[[3-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]oxy]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-, potassium salt (1:1)
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.065.790
68555-90-8 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with 2-[[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-pentadecafluoroheptyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate and 2-[methyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoate
(Image is of 68084-62-8, related)
No information
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CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information56372-23-7 Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-[2-
[ethyl[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-(2-(ethyl((1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl)amino)ethyl)-omega-hydroxy-
Pre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.133.708
*111393-39-6 1-Hexanesulfonyl bromide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
No information
89863-64-9 2,4-Pentanedione, 3-[1-(2-furanyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
89863-63-8 2,4-Pentanedione, 3-[1-(2-thienyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
89863-56-9 Furan, 2-[1-(nitromethyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
89863-55-8 Thiophene, 2-[1-(nitromethyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
89863-50-3 Benzene, 1-methyl-4-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
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CAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information89863-49-0 Furan, 2-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-No information
89863-48-9 Thiophene, 2-[1-(phenylthio)-2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethyl]-
No information
Table 2. Commercially available olefinic esters of PFHxSCAS number Name Structure REACH related information
680187-86-4 Hexane, 1-(ethenylsulfonyl)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
No information
86525-52-2 Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-
No information
86525-51-1 Benzene, 1-methyl-4-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-
No information
86525-48-6 Furan, 2-[2-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]-
No information
86525-43-1 Thiophene, 2-[2-[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]ethenyl]- No information
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Table 3. Commercially available aryl esters of PFHxSCAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information171561-95-8 Benzene, 1-nitro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-
tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-No information
149652-30-2 Benzene, 1-fluoro-4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
No information
147029-28-5 Benzenamine, 4-[(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]-
No information
30295-56-8 1-Hexanesulfonamide, N-[3-(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro-
No information
70900-36-6 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[2-methyl-5-[[[4-[methyl[(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino] butoxy]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]oxy]propyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.068.166
70776-36-2 Polymer based on 67584-57-0 No information
68298-74-8 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[[[[5-[[[2-[ethyl [(tridecafluorohexyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethoxy]carbonyl]amino]-2-methylphenyl]amino]carbonyl] oxy]propyl ester
EC InventoryAnnex III inventoryPre-registration processhttps://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.063.235
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Table 4. Polymers containing the n-C6F13SO2- fragmentCAS number Chemical name Structure REACH related information68555-90-8 Polymer based on 67584-57-0 No information
68877-32-7 Polymer based on 67906-70-1 No information
68586-14-1 Polymer based on 67584-57-0 No information
68555-92-0 Polymer based on 67584-61-6 No information
68555-91-9 Polymer based on 67906-70-1 No information
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DefinitionPACT list: The Public Activities Coordination Tool (PACT) lists the substances for which a risk management option analysis (RMOA) or an informal hazard assessment for PBT/vPvB (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic/very persistent and very bioaccumulative) properties or endocrine disruptor properties is either under development or has been completed since the implementation of the SVHC Roadmap commenced in February 20131.
C& L inventory: This database contains classification and labelling information on notified and registered substances received from manufacturers and importers. It also includes the list of harmonised classifications. The database is refreshed regularly with new and updated notifications. However, updated notifications cannot be specifically flagged because the notifications that are classified in the same way are aggregated for display purposes.
Annex III inventory: REACH Annex III criteria are the following:
(a) Substances predicted (i.e. by the use of QSARs or other evidence) to likely meet criteria for CMR category 1A or 1B or Annex XIII criteria (i.e. PBT and vPvB);
(b) Substances with dispersive or diffuse use(s) AND predicted to likely meet criteria for any health or environmental hazard classes or differentiations under CLP Regulation. A substance (or any of its constituents, impurities or additives) is on this Annex III inventory, it means that there are indications that either one or both of the Annex III criteria are fulfilled.
In this case full Annex VII information has to be submitted unless there are substantiated reasons to disregard the information provided in the inventory.
Pre-registration: Pre-registration is only for companies planning to register phase-in (existing) substances. After pre-registration, potential registrants of the same substance can find each other's contact details in REACH-IT, so they can get in contact to agree on the sameness of their substance, form a substance information exchange forum (SIEF), share data and submit a registration dossier jointly2.
Registry of intentions: ECHA (at the request of the Commission) or Member States may prepare dossiers for the identification of substances of very high concern (SVHCs) and dossiers proposing restrictions (Annex XV of REACH). Dossiers proposing harmonised classification and labelling of substances may be prepared by MSCAs and manufacturers, importers or downstream users3.
EC inventory: It comprises the following lists:
(a) EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances) as published in O.J. C 146A, 15.6.1990. EINECS is an inventory of substances that were deemed to be on the European Community market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. EINECS was drawn up by the European Commission in the application of Article 13 of Directive 67/548/EEC, as amended by Directive 79/831/EEC, and in accordance with the detailed provisions of Commission Decision 81/437/EEC. Substances listed in EINECS are considered phase-in substances under the REACH Regulation.
(b) ELINCS (European List of Notified Chemical Substances) in support of Directive 92/32/EEC, the 7th amendment to Directive 67/548/EEC. ELINCS lists those substances which were notified under Directive 67/548/EEC, the Dangerous Substances Directive Notification of New Substances (NONS) that became commercially available after 18 September 1981.
(c) NLP (No-Longer Polymers). The definition of polymers was changed in April 1992 by Council Directive 92/32/EEC amending Directive 67/548/EEC, with the result that substances previously considered to be polymers were no longer excluded from regulation. Thus, the No-longer Polymers (NLP) list was drawn up, consisting of such substances that were commercially available between 18 September 1981 and 31 October 1993.4
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1 https://echa.europa.eu/addressing-chemicals-of-concern/substances-of-potential-concern/pact.2 https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/registration/data-sharing/pre-registration.3 https://echa.europa.eu/addressing-chemicals-of-concern/registry-of-intentions.4 https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/ec-inventory.
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