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Nationalism post WWI
Turkey
India
Kenya
Turkey
Mustafa Kemal
changed name to Kemal Ataturk (father of Turks)
Fought against an invasion by Greece in 1919
With help of the Young Turks won in 1922 The sultan gave up his thrown and the new
country ==Republic of Turkey was born! Kemal was dictator til his death in 1938
Republic of Turkey
Industries were establishedTariffs raisedWesternized the country:1. Latin alphabet2. Metric system3. No more wearing traditional cap (fez)4. Attempted to stop the practice of veiling of
women5. Western last names6. Legal code7. Separate religion and government
India
During WWI India was source of supplies for British (wheat crops and cotton cloth)
In 1917 GB promised as a return for this help they would allow self-rule someday
Only a few minor reforms were proposed 1919 GB brought strict rules to India and
cracked down on protests thereby triggering more riots by nationalists
April 1919, city of Amritsar--10,000 gathered to discuss
independence--troops fired into the crowd killing 400
Mohandas K Gandhi
He was able to unite Indians of all classes He was called “Mahatma” or “Great Soul” He was a lawyer educated in the west He had worked in South Africa against
descrimination He was a pacificst who called for non-
violent civil disobedience He called this approach “satyagraha”
which means ‘truth force’
Civil disobedience
He worked with the Indian National Congress (INC) to gain independence
He asked all Indians to reject western ways Do not be violent, worship money or hate people
different from youself Boycott of British cloth, he spun his own cloth
and the spinning wheel became the symbol of the INC
He was arrested in 1922 and not released until 1930
The Salt March
His first major protest upon release was against British tax on salt
(GB had a monopoly on salt production which was essential to life in this very hot climate. GB required a tax to be payed on all salt purchased.)
G led thousands 200 miles to the sea where they made their own salt from sea water. Thousands were arrested here and at protests around salt mines, thus encouraging more protests
Government of India Act 1935
British parliament finally passed this act allowing India to have a constitution that that gave local control over education, farming, health etc.
Still no full independence was given G told the INC to accept it as a first step
Religious Divide
Even from the beginning the INC was divided by the two biggest religions in India: Islam and Hindu
there were 3X more Hindus 1937, the Muslim League (Muhammed Ali
Jinnah) broke off from INC The Hindus were led by Jawaharlal Nehru G opposed a partition of India; he was
assassinated by a Hindu fanatic
After WWII
GB gave India its freedom after WWII Riots between the two religions led GB to
divide India into two separate nations A. Pakistan (majority Muslim) B. India (majority Hindu)
--a mass migration of people followed
---violence (including G’s murder)
Kenya
45,000 Kenyans died fighting in WWI GB did not give them independence Harry Thuku led protests v. strict british
laws and colonial taxes He was arrested during a riot 25 killed by GB troops
Jomo Kenyatta
Took over leadership role Traveled to Britain to talk to leaders Frustrated by slow progress WWII started and Kenya was still
controlled by GB