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Speaker
Organisation
Date of presentation
National Workshop on
Developing Clean and
Efficient Vehicle Policy for
Bangladesh
• Major arterial Road : 21,462 Km
• Rural Road : 97,180 Km
• Urban Road : 4,245 Km
• Rail track : 2,877 Km
• Stations : 444 nos.
Seaports : 3
• Inland river ports : 33
• Length of waterway : 24,000Km (Navigable 5968km)
• International Airports : 3
• Domestic airports : 7
• Area : 147,570 km2
• Population : 157.45 mil.
• Population density : 953/km2.
• Per Capita income : USD 1827
Bangladesh
• Car ownership (per 1000) : Bangladesh - 1.8Dhaka -15
• Motorcycle owner ship(per1000) : Bangladesh - 11.87
Source : BRTA 2018
Vehicle Fleet in Bangladesh
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
Upto-2010
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
No
. of
veh
icle
(Cu
mu
lati
ve)
Year
2%
3%2%
64%
3%
9%
4%
13%
Total Vehicle Population=497374
Jeep
Microbus
Bus & Minibus
Motorcycle
Pickup
Passenger Car
Truck
Others
Source: BRTA 2018CO2 emission in Transport sector
Transport Sector in Bangladesh
74%
26%LDV
HDV
70%
20%
7% 3%
Truck & Bus
Car
Shipping
Rail & Aviation
4% 7%6%
8%
26%11%
38%
Without Motorcycle
Jeep
Microbus
Bus & Minibus
Pickup
Passenger Car
Truck
Others
Source: BPC 2017
-
500,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,500,000.00
2,000,000.00
2,500,000.00
3,000,000.00
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Agriculture Industry
Power Communication
Domestic and others Linear (Agriculture)
Linear (Industry) Linear (Power)
Linear (Communication)
Sector wise Consumption of petroleum from 2012 to 2017
73%
8%
6%
13%
Transport Sector petroleum Consumsion ( 2016-17)
Diesel Petrol Octen JetFuel
Transport Sector in Bangladesh
Project Title
Developing Clean and Efficient Vehicle policy to reduce emission and energy use
from the road transport sector in Bangladesh.
•Goal: Establish baseline fuel economy
figures (i.e. average Lge /100km) for the
vehicle fleet in Bangladesh
•Why undertake a baseline development?
•Know the types of vehicles plying in Bangladesh
•Provide a basis for tracking progress in improving
fuel economy
•Develop appropriate policies for improving vehicle
fuel efficiency
Goal of the Project
Carry out an inventory of newly registered (locally
manufactured and/or imported new and second-
hand) vehicles in the country including electric
vehicles
➢data gathering and analysis for yearly new
registration data (for both new and second-hand
imported vehicles that have entered the vehicle
registry), following the Global Fuel Economy
Initiative (GFEI) baseline methodology.
Activities of the Project
•The data to be collected will include disaggregated number of registered vehicles in 2005, and subsequent years up to 2017 (used and new) by:
➢vehicle type (passenger cars, Jeep, Micro bus, Pickup)➢fuel type (diesel, gasoline, LPG, electric vehicles, hybrid)➢vehicle age or year of manufacture➢vehicle make➢vehicle model➢engine displacement➢engine power➢rated vehicle fuel efficiency (Lge/100km, Liter/100 km, CO2 g/km, km/liter)
Activities of the Project
Project Activities
1.Conducted an inventory of newly registered vehicle (locally manufactured and/or imported new and second-hand)
➢Data from 2005 to 2017, following the Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI baseline methodology.
2. Estimated the average auto fuel economy baseline and trends for Bangladesh
➢For Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) (Car, Microbus, Jeep and Pickup)
3. Suggested Clean and efficient vehicle policy and development schemes
➢Reviewed national legislation and policies, including taxation related to vehicle fuel economy issues and EVs; identified stakeholders and potential barriers
➢Arranged workshop to present results and gather policy suggestions
Data Collection
• Vehicle make and model
• Year of first registration
• Model production year
• Engine displacement
• Engine power
• Fuel type
• No of Cylinder
• Test cycle (NEDC, US EPA, JC08)
• Rated fuel economy (L/100km, and CO2 emission, gCO2/km)
• Fuel economy and CO2 emission data were collected as per GFEI guideline. Mostly from relevant manufactures and other online published data
Inputs Output
Results of Base Line Survey
183046
4397 3310 3294 1416 1151 1009 692 570 476 469 311 301 285 208 115 1307
Toyo
ta
Nissa
n
Suzu
ki
Mitsu
bish
i
Ho
nd
a
Hyu
nd
ai
Tata
Mazd
a
Merce
de
s Ben
z
Peru
sahan
Oto
mo
bil
BM
W
Kia
M.M
.C. Jap
an
Ford
CH
ERY
Au
di
Oth
ers
No
. of
Car
s
Car Make
Baseline Survey
90%
10%
Toyota
All others
• 90% of the car in Bangladesh are from Toyota
Car
92%19449
94%19113
96%17482
8%1599
6%1129
4%812
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2015 2016 2017
No
. of
Car
s
Old Car New Car
5382
190940
4809
892
230
103
0 100000 200000
≤1000
1001-1500
1501-2000
2001-2500
2501-3000
≥3000
No. of Cars
Dis
pla
cem
ent
Ran
ces
(CC
)
Displacement Range
CarBaseline Survey
• Car registration is in decreasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of car mostly falls into 1001-1500 cc category
MicrobusBaseline Survey
79.17%
20.83%
Toyota Vs. Others
Toyota Others
• 80% of the Microbus in Bangladesh are from Toyota
29172
1980 1450 1200 1180 1168 696
No. of
Mic
rob
us
Make
3390
1886
26328
2611
2610
21
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000
≤1000
1001-1500
1501-2000
2001-2500
2501-3000
≥3000
No. of Microbus
Cap
acit
y R
ange
(C
C)
Displacement Range
MicrobusBaseline Survey
81%3019
89%4723
92%4465
19%693
11%573
8%383
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2011 2015 2017
No
. of
Mic
rob
us
Year
Old Microbus New Microbus
• Microbus registration is in increasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of car mostly falls into 1501-2000 cc category
JeepBaseline Survey
37%
63%
Toyota vs Others (Jeep)
Toyota Others8054
5418
2701 2264 1235 960 705 197 182
No
.of
Jee
p
Make
• 63% of the Jeep in Bangladesh are from Toyota, followed by Mitsubishi and Nissan
0
3195
8486
4525
4674
822
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
≤1000
1001-1500
1501-2000
2001-2500
2501-3000
≥3001
No. of Jeep
Cap
acit
y R
ange
s
Displacement range
JeepBaseline Survey
79%2391
76%3113
83%3146
21%637
24%998 17%
662
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2015 2016 2017
No
. of
Jee
p
Old Jeep New Jeep
• Jeep registration is in increasing trend in the recent years• Displacement range of Jeep mostly falls into 1501-2000 cc category,
but other ranges are also frequent
PickupBaseline Survey
33%
67%
Toyota Vs. Others
Toyota Others
3178
1984
15781442
970
575
Toyota Mitsubishi Others Nissan Tata Ford
No
. o
f P
ick
up
s
Make
• 67% of the car in Bangladesh are from Toyota, followed by Mitsubishi
637
463
1209
5391
1515
421
0 2000 4000 6000
≤1000
1001-1500
1501-2000
2001-2500
2501-3000
≥3001
No. of Pickup
Cap
acit
y R
ange
s
Displacement Range
PickupBaseline Survey
69%715
59%720
70%758
31%324
41%492
30%321
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2015 2016 2017
No
. of
Pic
kup
Old Pickup New Pickup
• Pickup registration is slightly increasing in the recent years• Displacement range of Jeep mostly falls into 2001-2500 cc category
• Comprises 74.77% of total LDVs
• 63 different models from 30 different companies
• 90% of those cars are from Toyota.
• 1001-1500 cc is the common displacement range
In car category
• 2nd largest share in LDV
• 46 different makes where 14 of them are dominating
• 79.17% share comes from Toyota
• 1501-2000 cc is the common displacement range
In Microbus category
Dhaka has 193276 number of registered LDVs from the year 2005-2017
Baseline Survey: Findings Summary
• 3rd largest share in LDV
• 33 makes and 33 common models since 2005
• 37% Jeep is from Toyota
• 1501-2000 cc is the most common displacement range
• 20% are new Jeep
In Jeep category
• least share in LDV
• 34 makes since 2005 but only 12 models are common
• 2001-2500 is the dominating displacement range
• 30% new Pickup import which is the highest in LDV category
In Pickup category
Baseline Survey: Findings Summary
Units:
• Fuel Economy : L/ 100km
• C02 : gm/km
Average Fuel Economy
=σ𝑖𝑛𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐷𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟∗𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑖
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Average CO2 Emission
=σ𝑖𝑛𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝐷𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟∗𝐸𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝑖
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
How to calculate Fuel Economy and CO2 emission?
Year Fuel Economy CO2 Emission
2005 8.98 217.33
2008 8.01 189.08
2010 7.04 165.9
2012 7.43 176.85
2014 7.5 179.46
2015 7.07 171.19
2016 6.99 169.06
2017 6.9 166.35
Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh-Year-wise Results
0
2
4
6
8
10
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Fu
el
Ec
on
om
y, l
/10
0k
m
Year
Fuel Economy of Bangladesh
0
50
100
150
200
250
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018CO
2
Em
iss
ion
, g
/l
Year
Yearly CO2 Emission
Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh
Both fuel economy and CO2 emission is improving in Bangladesh
Year Car Jeep Microbus Pickup
2014 5.85 9.59 8.56 9.76
2015 5.75 8.15 8.4 9.29
2016 5.81 7.37 8.39 9.5
2017 5.8 7.26 8.62 9.35
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2014 2015 2016 2017FUEL
EC
ON
OM
Y, L
/100
KM
YEAR
IMPROVEMENT IN FUEL ECONOMY
Car Jeep Microbus Pickup
** Improvement is more prominent in Jeep category
Fuel Economy and CO2 Emission in Bangladesh
LDV Type Make
(Top 5 in the
fleet)
% in the
Bangladesh
vehicle fleet
% in the
sample
Fuel
Economy
(l/100km)
CO2
Emission
(gm/l)
Car Toyota 90.46% 84.20% 5.88 135.41
Nissan 2.17% 1.60% 6.09 139.95
Suzuki 1.64% 0.83% 5.53 128.05
Mitsubishi 1.63% 4.91% 5.92 140.28
Honda 0.70% 0.22% 6.1 141.95
Jeep Toyota 37.09% 26.82% 8.8 216.1
Mitsubishi 24.95% 31.18% 10.13 234.55
Nissan 12.44% 22.00% 7.11 186.44
Honda 10.43% 9.27% 5.68 134.8
Hyundai 5.69% 3.82% 7.12 218.07
Microbus Toyota 79.17% 58.19% 8.4 203.27
Mitsubishi 3.26% 11.79% 11.81 281.12
Suzuki 3.20% 16.20% 6.1 143.4
Nissan 3.17% 6.53% 8.33 219.14
Hyundai 1.89% 7.29% 7.69 201.3
Pickup Toyota 32.67% 36.30% 13 305.1
Mitsubishi 20.40% 38.38% 8.23 226.48
Nissan 14.82% 4.66% 8.79 231.12
Tata 9.97% 8.79% 10.31 240.97
Ford 5.91% 2.23% 7.56 196.56
Fuel economy and CO2 emission of the LDVs in each category
LDV Capacity
Range (CC)
Fuel Economy
(l/100km)
CO2 Emission
(gm/l)
≤1000 5.018337 119.5654
1001-1500 5.782796 135.2595
1501-2000 6.919067 177.9945
2001-2500 10.18904 251.4269
2501-3000 8.943825 224.1055
≥3001 11.664 276.48
Fuel economy and CO2 emission for LDVs of different capacity range for 2017
**Fuel economy and CO2 emission is increasing with increased displacement range
Where Bangladesh Stands? Year Non-OECD
Average
Global
Average
Bangladesh
Average
2005 8.5 8.8 8.98
2008 8.5 8.3 8.01
2010 8.4 8.1 7.04
2012 8.2 7.8 7.43
2014 8 7.6 7.5
2015 7.9 7.6 7.07
Summary of the Study
• From year 2005 to 2017, improvement in fuel economy was 23.16% and reduction in CO2 emission was 24.46%.
• In recent years Jeep with improved fuel economy import has increased in the LDV category which is one of the main reasons for higher fuel economy value along with the advanced technology of the imported vehicles.
• Bangladesh has improved average fuel economy value compared with Non-OECD country average and global average. In the year 2015, non-OECD and global average fuel economy was 7.90 l/100km and 7.6 l/100km where in it was 7.07 l/100km.
Stakeholder Consultation meeting at BRTA Stakeholder Consultation meeting with Auto mobile Club at BUET
THANK YOU. QUESTIONS/SUGGESTIONS?