National University of Sciences & Technology Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

National University of Sciences & Technology

Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

Pakistan

INDIA

CHINA

AFGHANISTAN

IRAN

ARABIAN SEA

Abdus Salam


Overview

• Developed & Developing countries

• Essentials for national development

• National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)

• Research at NUST

• Research Performance Analysis

• Conclusion

• Recommendation


A A “Developed Country”“Developed Country” (not necessarily a (not necessarily a rich one) has gone, sometime in its past rich one) has gone, sometime in its past history, through the cycle: history, through the cycle:

• improvements to its population’s level ofimprovements to its population’s level of educationeducation

• progress in (and application of)progress in (and application of) science & science & technologytechnology

• deploymentdeployment of its own (and other’s)of its own (and other’s) natural natural resourcesresources

• wealth generationwealth generation through manufacture or through manufacture or servicesservices

• improvement to infrastructureimprovement to infrastructure (of education, (of education, industry, energy supply, services, industry, energy supply, services, communications…)communications…)

leading to competitivity and productivity, leading to competitivity and productivity, better social conditions and higher better social conditions and higher standard of livingstandard of living

““Developed Countries”Developed Countries”


A “A “Developing CountryDeveloping Country” (not ” (not necessarily a poor country) is in the necessarily a poor country) is in the process of deploying:process of deploying:

- its- its human resourceshuman resources (educated (educated people) people)

- its- its natural resourcesnatural resources (prospecting, (prospecting, exploiting and transforming into exploiting and transforming into higher-value items), andhigher-value items), and

- its- its infrastructureinfrastructure (of education, (of education, health, industry, transport & health, industry, transport & communications, water & energy communications, water & energy supply, environmental, etc) in order supply, environmental, etc) in order to make its economy more efficient to make its economy more efficient and competitiveand competitive

““Developing Countries”Developing Countries”““Developing Countries”Developing Countries”


Talented peopleTalented people are born anywhere in are born anywhere in the world they are the world they are not a privilege of not a privilege of developed countriesdeveloped countries!!

Talented people without educationTalented people without education,, however, will remain talented but however, will remain talented but uneducated peopleuneducated people!!

Talented, but uneducated people:Talented, but uneducated people:

• will will not contributenot contribute much to their much to their country’s developmentcountry’s development

• some of them will even use their some of them will even use their talents in a talents in a detrimentaldetrimental way way

Human Resources: Human Resources: Talented and Educated PeopleTalented and Educated People


Educated, not just Talented Educated, not just Talented

PeoplePeopleMaxwell, Thomson, Rutherford, Curie, Fermi, Dirac, Einstein (physics), Watson, Crick (biology), Mendeleev, Pauling (chemistry), Fleming, Pasteur (medicine)….have dramatically changed our world through their research followed by its technological applicationsAll these scientists were not just talented, they were found to be talented as they were educated!Therefore, without education their talents would have been lost for the progress of mankind!


Natural Resources & Natural Resources &

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Educated peopleEducated people are aare a necessary, necessary, butbut not a sufficientnot a sufficient condition condition for for the developmentthe development of a country: of a country:

It is It is only with educated peopleonly with educated people that a that a country can develop its country can develop its natural natural resources and infrastructureresources and infrastructure, hence , hence its industryits industryA country’s wealth thus depends on A country’s wealth thus depends on its educated peopleits educated people producing items producing items or a providing service - commerce or or a providing service - commerce or just selling natural resources does just selling natural resources does not produce wealthnot produce wealth


Best Capital Investment Country = Talented and Best Capital Investment Country = Talented and Educated PeopleEducated People

Japan is a striking example:Japan is a striking example: it was a poor island it was a poor island nation with few natural resources and bad nation with few natural resources and bad infrastructure (as well as closed ports until the late infrastructure (as well as closed ports until the late 1919thth century) - but Japan always had a strong century) - but Japan always had a strong tradition for good education. tradition for good education.

Some 30 years after its “opening to the Some 30 years after its “opening to the World” Japan’s navy destroyed the Russian World” Japan’s navy destroyed the Russian fleet at Tsushima. One generation later fleet at Tsushima. One generation later later, and (like Germany) following its total later, and (like Germany) following its total destruction, destruction, Japan (with less inhabitants Japan (with less inhabitants than Pakistan) succeeded to rebuild its than Pakistan) succeeded to rebuild its country to become the second most powerful country to become the second most powerful economy on the globeeconomy on the globe

When Japan “opened up ” in about 1880, it When Japan “opened up ” in about 1880, it began to complement the education of its began to complement the education of its most talented people by sending them to most talented people by sending them to study in “developed countries”.study in “developed countries”.

Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

Need of a Need of a Modern Modern InfrastructureInfrastructure

An obsolete or decrepit An obsolete or decrepit infrastructureinfrastructure in universities, in universities, institutes or hospitals, institutes or hospitals, inadequate inadequate equipment, poor communication equipment, poor communication networksnetworks, and to a certain degree , and to a certain degree also also low salarieslow salaries etc. cause the best etc. cause the best scientists to migrate to better scientists to migrate to better equipped countries whilst the other equipped countries whilst the other scientists “stay at home” scientists “stay at home”

Next to the need for educated people, a Next to the need for educated people, a country needs country needs modern and competitive modern and competitive infrastructure and proper toolsinfrastructure and proper tools as the as the working environmentworking environment

--> A very negative “Darwinistic process” <----> A very negative “Darwinistic process” <--Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

The “Negative” Development The “Negative” Development AidAid A “Developing Country” with a A “Developing Country” with a

poor infrastructurepoor infrastructure (in particular in (in particular in the area of science, research and the area of science, research and education) is often education) is often providing, “free of providing, “free of charge”, its most talented peoplecharge”, its most talented people (who’s education it paid from its (who’s education it paid from its scarce resources) to scarce resources) to Developed Developed CountriesCountries

Therefore, investments in education Therefore, investments in education are are wastedwasted if noif no investments are also investments are also mademade in the science, research and in the science, research and education infrastructure (+ salaries)education infrastructure (+ salaries)Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

Science cannot progress in Science cannot progress in IsolationIsolation However, science has become rather However, science has become rather

complex, and only complex, and only very few scientists can very few scientists can make any progress in isolationmake any progress in isolation: “: “to limit to limit the community of scientists to a small the community of scientists to a small group leads to common spiritual povertygroup leads to common spiritual poverty” ” (A. Einstein)(A. Einstein)

Most scientists in isolation will soon cease Most scientists in isolation will soon cease to be scientists - as such they will no to be scientists - as such they will no longer be able to educate younger talents, longer be able to educate younger talents, and their “knowledge” will eventually have and their “knowledge” will eventually have become obsolete.become obsolete.

This was recognized by Abdus Salam, and This was recognized by Abdus Salam, and others when they promoted institutions others when they promoted institutions like the like the ICTP, …….ICTP, …….Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

Help scientists from Developing Countries to Help scientists from Developing Countries to work “at home”work “at home”

GovernmentsGovernments should therefore make should therefore make their best effort to their best effort to provide opportunities provide opportunities to its scientists to work in their home to its scientists to work in their home countrycountry, and make it also attractive for , and make it also attractive for them work there. Governments should them work there. Governments should also provide also provide good communications with good communications with the rest of the worldthe rest of the world

In developing countries In developing countries this action is this action is required by governmentsrequired by governments, as , as industryindustry in in developing countries is usually developing countries is usually not so not so much interestedmuch interested to make large to make large investments in science unless the investments in science unless the outcome promises substantial financial outcome promises substantial financial returnsreturns Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

International Basic Science International Basic Science CollaborationsCollaborations At the same time, scientists must be At the same time, scientists must be

also able to also able to collaborate with their collaborate with their colleagues from other countriescolleagues from other countries - as - as otherwise they would soon be “out of otherwise they would soon be “out of touch”, i.e. they would become much touch”, i.e. they would become much less useful (or quite useless) for the less useful (or quite useless) for the development of their own country… development of their own country… and there are and there are plenty of opportunities plenty of opportunities for international basic science for international basic science collaborations (CERN, FNAL, ICTP, collaborations (CERN, FNAL, ICTP, GENOME etc GENOME etc which are a good which are a good training ground - or an opportunity training ground - or an opportunity to make a major contribution to to make a major contribution to mankindmankind Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

2003

Iran

Afghanistan

India

China

SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being

upgraded to DWDM

10 Gb/s


Digital Divide in Pakistan


Islamabad:•International Islamic University•Quaid-e-Azam University•Pakistan Institute of Engg. & Applied Sciences Nilore

Lahore:•Punjab University•UET •LUMS

Faisalabad:•Agriculture University

Rawalpindi:•HQ NUST•MCS, NUST•EME, NUST•NIIT, NUST•FJWU

Mirpur:•AJKU

Multan:•Bahauddin Zakaria University

Bahawalpur:•Islamia University

Khairpur:•Shah Abdul Latif University

Taxila:•UET

Peshawar:•University of Peshawar•UET

Karachi:•NED•Univ. of Karachi•PNEC

Quetta:•Univ. of Baluchistan

Jamshoro:•Mehran University

Khuzdar:•Baluchistan Univ. of Engg. & Tech

Risalpur:•CAE

Topi:•GIKI

D I Khan:•Gomal University


Existing Problems

• Lack of good quality faculty

• Lack of scientific research resources and culture

• Poor ICT infrastructure within universities

• Poor library infrastructure

• Pockets of excellence in Research


Case Study


National University of Sciences & Technology


BACKGROUND

• NUST Established 1991

• NUST Awarded Charter 1993


BASED ON DECENTRALIZED MULTI-CAMPUS CONCEPT


http://66.28.32.124/netfu/tmp10020/coollogo_com_16683421.gif

COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION1. College Of Civil

EngineeringRisalpur

• Civil Engineering

2. College of Telecomm

Rawalpindi

• Telecomm Engg• Computer Software Engg• Cryptology/ Information Security

3. College of Electrical & Mechanical EngineeringRawalpindi

• Electrical Engg• Mechanical Engg• Computer Engg• Mechatronics


COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION

4. College of Marine EngineeringKarachi

• Electrical & Electronics Engg• Mechanical Engg

5. College of Aeronautical

EngineeringRisalpur

• Aerospace Engg• Avionics Engg

6. College of Medicine

Rawalpindi

• Medicine• Surgery• Dentistry


COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION

7. National Institute of

TransportationRisalpur

• Geotechnical Engg• Structural Engg• Transportation Engg

8. Institute of Environmental

Science and EngineeringRawalpindi

• Environmental Engg

9. NUST Institute of

Management SciencesRawalpindi

• Technology Management• International Business and Marketing• Finance and Investment

10. NUST Institute of

Information TechnologyRawalpindi

• Object Oriented Technologies• Network Technologies• Databases• E-Commerce

An Institute with a PROGRESSIVE

Vision

PROGRAMS OFFERED

Post Graduate Programs• PhD• MIT

Under Graduate Programs• BIT• BICSE

Professional Courses

Contd.Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

Dec 2000: CERN scientists visited NUST (Hafeez Hoorani, Ian Willers, Richard McClatchey)

Feb 2001: WISDOM II Project started at NUST with CERN and University of West England (UWE) UK

April 2001: Monalisa module development started with Caltech (Iosif Legrand)

NUST-CERN Collaboration


GRID Research Group at NUST


Collaboration Projects

• Little Monalisa and Development for MonaLisa Auto-topology Discovery Module -- Caltech, USA

• IP Network Topology Discovery -- Caltech, USA

• Grid Enabled Analysis Application for Handheld Devices --Caltech, USA

• Java Based Claren Server for Physics Analysis -- Caltech, USA• Data Warehousing Services for Grid -- Caltech, USA

• Establishment of CMS Production Centre and LCG Grid deployment -- CMS CERN

• Integration of Agents and Web Services in Semantic Grid --Comtec Japan

• FIPA Compliant Multi Agent System -- Comtec Japan


Grid analysis demo by Caltech, CERN, KEK (Japan), Sinica (Taiwan), NUST (Pakistan), UERJ (Rio de Janeiro), PUB (Bucharest).


Performance Measures

Need to look at measures of research

group success to assess potential

No of Research Students (MS/PhD Completed)

Research Funding

Research Papers Published


Research Team

Number of Researchers at NIIT

14

18

31

1/1/00

Time (Years)

Nu

mb

er o

f Stu

den

ts

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004


Caltech (39000)

European Commission (468110)

UWE (108000)

Korean Univ (388800)

CERN (115800)

Research Funding in USD

Total: 1.69 Mil USD

• Ms/PhD funding• Students visits• Lab equipment• CERN fellowship • PC-1 Govt of Pakistan

Pakistan

(18750)


Research Papers

Years International Publications

Internal Papers &

Report2001 0 3

2002 3 8

2003 4 10

Total 7 21


Current Status

Six students undergoing PhD studies (UWE, CERN, KOREA) as continuation of their initial CERN related research conducted at NUST

Nine students benefited from visits to CERN

Rich research culture has been established at NUST

The knowledge gained is being applied in developing a PTCL network monitoring application for real time performance monitoring, fault reporting and congestion control

A Grid enabled knowledge management system being developed at NUST for Medical Applications


Conclusion

• Knowledge is expanding at an exponential rate

• Important to address the digital divide in an aggressive manner

• Failure will threaten peace and development to the humanity

• Scientific collaborations can play key role in bridging the digital divide


Recommendation

• Developed countries scientists shall identify and form

research collaboration partnership of mutual interest in

developing countries

• ICTP or similar organization can keep the record of retiring

Profs from developed countries, willing to spend some time

with academic institutions in developing countries

• Help/support in building academic strength is much more

beneficial than pledging money by international organizations

• World Bank/UN shall ensure that a good percentage of the

loan / donation is spent on education by the developing

countries


ThanksEmail: [email protected]

URL: www.niit.edu.pk


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.niit.edu.pk/

Documents

National University of Sciences & Technology Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03