National Transformation

Unit 4

Chapters 9-11

The Market Revolution

A. The Transportation Revolution •  Roads

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

A. The Transportation Revolution

The Cumberland or National Road - 1811

A. The Transportation Revolution •  Canals The Erie Canal System

Mechanical Inventions •  Steamboats

Robert Fulton

The Clermont - 1807

A. The Transportation Revolution •  Railroads

*1830 - 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR

*By 1850 - 9000 mi. of RR track

*By 1860 - 31,000 miles.

B. The Growth of Industry

• Mechanical Inventions 1800 - 41 patents were approved.

1860 - 4,357 patents were approved

The Growth of Industry •  Factory System

Samuel Slater

Eli Whitney: the Cotton Gin

And Interchangeable

Parts

Mechanical Inventions • Elias Howe

The Growth of Industry •  Corporations for Raising Capital

The Growth of Industry The Waltham-Lowell System

Mechanical Inventions & Farming

John

Deere

Steel Plow

Cyrus

McCormick

Mechanical Reaper

What impact did Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) have on the Market Revolution?

IMPACTS OF THE MARKET

REVOLUTION

The South

• King Cotton

The South

• It’s �peculiar institution�

Denmark Vesey (1822) Nat Turner (1831)

The Midwest

• Commercial Agriculture

The Northeast

$During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population.

$1845 Boston à top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. $1860 Philadelphia à top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth.

The Northeast • Workingmen�s Party

– Robert Owens & others

Early labor unions & and worker oriented parties were local, social, & weak.

The Northeast

• Urbanization

1820 1860

The Northeast

• Immigration

Immigration

• The Irish

Immigration

• The Germans

Immigration • Nativism

American or Know-Nothing Party

Did the Market Revolution make

America a more or less democratic

society? How so?

Politics of the Common Man

• Universal Male Suffrage

Politics of the Common Man • Nominating Conventions

– Replaced caucuses

• Popular Election of the Electors

• Popular Campaigning -mudslinging

Politics of the Common Man • Spoils System & Rotation of Officeholders -party machines

• Rise of 3rd Parties or Minor Parties

The Election of 1824 • John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, & Andrew Jackson

• �A Corrupt Bargain�

Andrew Jackson (1829-1836) • Domestic Issues

Andrew Jackson (1829-1836)

• Domestic Issues -Tariff of 1828 -The South Carolina Exposition

-Tariff of 1832 -Columbia Convention -Force Bill -Tariff of 1833

Domestic Issues • Native Americans

-Worcester v. Georgia (1832) -Indian Removal Act (1830)

Domestic Issues • Native Americans

-Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Domestic Issues • Bank Crisis

Nicholas Biddle

Henry Clay Jackson

Domestic Issues • Specie Circular

Effects • Bank notes lost value • Land sales plummeted • Credit was less available • Businesses began to fail • Unemployment Rose

Martin Van Buren (1837-1840)

• Domestic Issues

-Panic of 1837 -Texas Revolution of 1836

Election of 1840

Effects of the Jacksonian Era

• Triumph of populist democratic style

• Reaffirmation of the 2 party system

• Expansion of presidential power

The Second Great Awakening Charles Finney

The Second Great Awakening • The Mormons

Joseph Smith

Transcendentalism

Nature (1832)

Walden (1854)

Civil Disobedience (1849)

Self-Reliance (1841)

�The American Scholar�� (1837)

R3-1/3/4/5

Emerson Thoreau

Social Reforms • The Temperance Movement

American Temperance

Society (1826)

Neal Dow

Social Reforms

• Public Asylums & Penitentiaries

Dorothea Dix

Social Reform

• Public Education

Horace Mann

Social Reform • Women�s Rights Movement -Cult of Domesticity -Separate Spheres Concept

Seneca Falls� Declaration of Sentiments

1848

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

If Women Had Their Way!

Abolitionism

Abolitionism • American Colonization Society • American Antislavery Society • Liberty Party

Birn

ey

Garrison

Abolitionism • Black Abolitionists

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionism

• Violent Abolitionism

David Walker Henry Highland Garnet