national programmes on environment

7/29/2019 national programmes on environment

1/42

Environmental Policies &

Programmes


2/42

Arunima Ghoshal

Ananya Choudhury

Anjali Verma

Ankita Chakraborty

Amit Benet Nag

Ankit GuptaAS Lanmi

Anupama Kataria

Amit Kumar Geroh

Aditi Das

Charumita Vasudev

Deepti Dabas


3/42

To enlargeunderstanding of anunique and

undervalueddeclaration ofnational policy forthe environment

To show how thepolicy provides thefoundation for a

future nationalprogram or action


4/42

Objective of National Policies

Intra-generational Equity: Livelihood Security for the poor.

Conservation of Critical Environmental Resources

Inter-generational Equity.

Integrationof Environmental Concerns in Economic and Social Development.Efficiency in Environmental Resource Use.

Environmental Governance.

Enhancement of Resources for Environmental Conservation.


5/42

Human Beings are at the Centre of Sustainable

Development concerns.The Right to Development.

Environmental Protection is an Integral part of theDevelopment process.

The Precautionary Approach.Economic Efficiency.

Equity.

Legal liability.

Public Trust Doctrine.

Decentralization.

Integrate social and natural sciences in environment

related policies.


6/42

The United Nations Conference onEnvironment and Development (UNCED),also known as the Rio Summit, RioConference, Earth Summit was a majorUnited Nations conference held in Rio deJaneiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992.


7/42

Rio Declaration on Environment andDevelopment

Agenda 21

Convention on Biological Diversity

Forest Principles

Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).


8/42

Ancient India

TheArthashastra by Kautilya, written as early

as between 321 and 300 BC, containedprovisions meant to regulate a number of

aspects related to the environment.

The fifth pillar edict of Emperor Ashoka also

contains such regulations


9/42

During the British Regime in India: Shore Nuisance (Bombay and Kolaba) Act, 1853 The Indian Penal Code, 1860

The Indian Easements Act, 1882

The Fisheries Act, 1897 The Factories Act, 1897

The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905

The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912

The Elephants Preservation Act, 1879

Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912


10/42

Modern India :

National Council for Environmental Policy and Planning

was set up in 1972 which was later evolved into Ministry

of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.

MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e.

Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State

Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory

and administrative core of the sector.


11/42

The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution and the

National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on

Environment and Development were brought out by the

MoEF in 1992.

The EAP (Environmental Action Programme) was

formulated in 1993 with the objective of improving

environmental services and integrating environmental

considerations into development programmes.


12/42

The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, amended in 1983, 1986 and 1991.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, amended in 1988.

The Water'(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess, Act, 1977, amended in 1991.

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, amended in 1988.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended in 1988.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

The Motor Vehicle Act, 1938, amended in 1988.

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.


13/42

The main objective of this Act is to provide the protection and

improvement of environment (which includes water, air, land,

human being, other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and

properties) and for matters connected therewith. There is a

constitutional provision also for the environment protection.

Article 48A, specify that the State shall endeavour to protect

and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and

wildlife of the country and every citizen shall protect the

environment . The Environment (Protection) Act is applicable to

whole of India including Jammu & Kashmir.


14/42

The Central Government may,by notification bythe official Gazzette,make rules in respect of allor any of the matters reffered to in Section 3.

In particular without prejudice to the generality

of the forgoing power all the rules may providefor all or any of the following matter:

The standards of quality of air,water and soil.

The maximum allowance of concentration ofenvironment pollutants(including noise)in a certainplace.

Prohibition and restriction of location of industries.


15/42

Prohibition and restriction on the on the handling ofhazardous materials.

Procedures and safeguards for the prevention of

accidents which cause environmental pollutions.

Procedures and safeguard for the handling of

hazardous substances.


16/42


17/42

STRATEGIES AND ACTIONSRegulatory reforms.

Enhance and conserve Environment resource.

Environment Standard, Management System,

Certification, Indicators.

Clean technology and Innovation.

Environment awareness, Education and

Information.


18/42

REGULATORY REFORMS I. Revisiting the Policy and Legislative

Framework:

The present legislative framework is broadly contained in the

umbrella Environment Protection Act 1986;The Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974; The Water Cess

Act, 1977 ;and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act

1981. The law in respect of management of forests and

biodiversity is contained in The Indian Forest Act,1927;The

Forest Conservation Act,1980;The Wildlife Protection

Act,1972;and The Biodiversity Act 2002 .


19/42

REGULATORY REFORMS

The following specific actions would be taken: Institutionalize a holistic and integrated approach to the

environmental management.

Identify emerging areas for new legislation, due to betterscientific understanding, economic and social development.

Take steps to adopt and institutionalize techniques forenvironmental assessment of sector policies and programs toaddress any potential adverse impacts, and enhance potentialimpacts.

Ensure accountability of the concerned levels of Government

(Centre, State, Local) in undertaking the necessary legislativechanges in a defined time-frame.


20/42

The causes of degradation of environmental resources lieultimately in a broad range of policy, and institutional,

including regulatory shortcomings, leading to the direct

causes.

1.LAND DEGRADATION The degradation of land, through soil erosion, alkali-

salinization, water logging, pollution and reduction in organic

matter content has several proximate and underlying causes

like loss of forest and tree cover, unsustainable grazing,excessive use of irrigation, improper use of agricultural

chemical wastes for domestic fuel and disposal of industrial and

domestic wastes on productive land.


21/42

Causes of Land Degradation:


22/42

Land use classification in India

(2007-2008):


23/42

Extent of various kind of landdegradation in India :


24/42

Institutional Bodies:

National Land-use and Wasteland

Development Council.

National Wastelands Development Board.


25/42

1. Encourage adoption of science-based, and traditionalsustainable land use practices.

2. Promote reclamation of wasteland and degradedforestland.

3. Prepare and implement thematic action plansincorporating watershed management strategies.

4. Promote sustainable alternatives to shiftingcultivation.

5. Encourage agro-forestry, organic farming,environmentally sustainable cropping patterns, andadoption of efficient irrigation techniques.


26/42

The arid and semi-arid region of India covers 127.3 mha

(38.8%) of India's geographical area and spreads over 10

states. The Indian desert fauna is extremely rich in

species diversity of mammals and winter migratory birds.

However ,Population pressure and land degradation on

resource base necessitate adoption of innovative and

integrated measures for conservation of desert

ecosystems.


27/42

Institutional Bodies:

Various program operating at different level in thespatial transform of Indian desert region by nationaland state government with the help of local peopleand NGO. Some outlined are :

Drought Prone Area Program.

Desert development program .

The desert national park.

Indira Gandhi Canal Project. Command area development .

Central Arid Zone Research Institute .


28/42

Development and management of water resource.

Soil and water conservation measure.

Afforestation with special emphases on social and

farm forestry .

Development of pasture and range land .

Livestock development and dairy and sub- sidiary

occupation development .

Development of infrastructure like drinking water,

road network, electrification


29/42


30/42

Forests provide a multiplicity of environmental services, however, in recent

decades, there has been significant loss of forest cover due to conversion of

forests to agriculture, settlements, infrastructure, and industry etc.

1. Formulate an innovative strategy for increase of forest and tree cover.

2. Formulate and implement a Code of Best Management Practices fordense natural forests.

3. Promote plantation of only such species as are conducive to the

conservation and sustainability of given ecosystems.

4. Undertake the afforestation program in non forest and degraded land .

5. National afforestation and eco development board (NAFB) has beencreated.

6. Participatory forestry management was introduce which effective means of

regenerating degraded forest.

7. Around 36,000 village level forest protection committees are controlling

more than 10 million hector of forest land .


31/42


32/42

Status of forest cover in India,2006


33/42

In respect of Wildlife Conservation, the following actions

will be pursued:1. Expand the Protected Area (PA) network of the country, including

Conservation and Community Reserves, to give fair representation to all bio-

geographic zones of the country.

2. Revisit the norms, criteria and needs of data for placing particular species in

different schedules of the Wildlife Protection Act.3. Formulate and implement programs for conservation of endangered species

outside protected areas, while reducing the scope for man-animal conflict.

4. Implement measures for captive breeding.

5. Ensure that human activities on the fringe areas of PAs do not degrade the

habitat or disturb wildlife of that area.

6. Paralleling multi stakeholder partnerships for afforestation, formulate and

implement similar partnerships for enhancement of wildlife habitat in

Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves.


34/42

In India, there are colleges to train students for management and

conservation of animals. These institution teach to protect animals and savethe endanger species like -

I. Wild life Institute of India.Dehradun

II. Central Zoo authority New Delhi

Many areas have been declared as protected areas for wild life in India.


35/42


36/42

Conservation of genetic diversity, is crucial for

development of improved resistant crop varieties:

In event, the following measures would be taken:

1. Strengthen biodiversity hot spots while providing

alternative livelihoods and access to resources to

local communities.

2. Enhance ex-situ conservation of genetic resources

in designated gene banks.

3. Implementation of The Patents Act, 1970 and

Biodiversity Conservation Act.


37/42

M t i t


38/42

Mountain ecosystemMountain ecosystems play a key role in providing forest cover, feeding

perennial river systems, conserving genetic diversity, and providing an

immense resource base for livelihoods through sustainable tourism. At thesame time, they are among the most fragile of ecosystems in terms of

susceptibility to anthropogenic shocks. We should do the following :

1. Adopt appropriate land use planning and watershed

management.

2. Promote sustainable tourism.

3. Tourist flow must remain within carrying capacity of the

mountain ecology.

4. Adopt best practice norms for infrastructure construction in

mountain regions to avoid or minimize damage to sensitiveecosystems and despoiling of landscapes.


39/42

Coastal environmental resources comprise a diverse set of natural andmanmade assets, including mangroves, coral reefs, estuaries, coastal forests,genetic diversity, sand dunes, geomorphologies, sand beaches, land for

agriculture and human settlements, coastal infrastructure.Some of the measuresto save it are:

1. Mainstream the sustainable management of mangrovesinto the forestry sector regulatory regime.

2. Disseminate available techniques for regeneration of coralreefs.

3. Adopt a comprehensive approach to Integrated CoastalManagement by addressing linkages between coastalareas, wetlands, and river systems, in relevant policies,regulation, and programs.

4. Develop a strategy for strengthening regulation, andaddressing impacts, of ship-breaking activities on humanhealth, and coastal and near marine resources.


40/42

Clean technologies minimize the generation of waste streams inthe production processes and utilize waste from otherconsumption goods and production processes, rather thantreating the waste after generation.

The following will comprise elements of an Action Plan:

1. Encourage capacity building in the financial sector forappraising clean technology.

2. Consider use of revenue enhancing fiscal instruments topromote shifts to clean technologies in both existing and

new units.

3. Promote adoption of clean technologies by industry.

4. Create a database of such technologies, and promotedissemination of new technologies developed both in Indiaand abroad.


41/42

Develop and operate an online, real time, publicly accessible

environmental information system to provide all relevant.

Promote the use of Remote Sensing data to provide valuableinputs on the extent.

Prepare and implement a strategy for enhancingenvironmental awareness among the general public.

Valid environment content in the curricula of formaleducation.

Public-Community Partnerships, Public-Private Partnerships,

Public-Community-Private Partnerships etc. should beencouraged.

Establishing various research programmes in priority areas.

Participation in various International Co-operation.


42/42

Programs are part of the policies that are framed by the

government and are executed at the micro level.

Various programs of India include :

1. Joint Forest Management.

2. Use of Non-Conventional Energy, such as : SolarEnergy, hydel power, wind energy, use of biogas

etc.

3. Prime Minister 7 Program.

4. Community Based Programs as :Water users

Associations, Forest Users Associations, Self help

Groups, Mahila Mandals and other local bodies.

Documents

national programmes on environment