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National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture Strategies for Meeting the Challenges of Climate Change Department of Agriculture and Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture Govt. of India

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2 Climate change is no more an environmental concern. It has emerged as the biggest developmental challenge for the planet. ( UNDP 2009)

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India's economy closely tied to its natural resource base and may face a major threat because of the projected changes in climate Vulnerable grids (marked red) (2035 and 2085) 3 Most Vulnerable Grids in India

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4 Climatic Variability and Extreme Events Food System Farm or Cropping System Crop and Livestock InterplayInterplay Risks Agriculture sector being closely tied to natural resource base is more vulnerable to climate change (NAPCC)

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Lower Productivity Poor quality of Produce Crops Degradation and Depletion Soil and Water Resources Additional Heat Stress Impact on Aquatic Habitat Livestock and Fisheries Affects Livelihood Food Security and Economy Risks on Agriculture Agrarian Distress 5

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Risks From Agriculture 6 Million Tonnes of CO2 Equivalent Source: MoEF, 2010 17.6% of total GHG is from Agriculture 63.4% contributed by Livestocks and 20.9% by Rice Cultivation

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Climatic Variability and Extreme Events Temperature Rise: 0.2 degree Centigrade per decade Mean Summer Rainfall to increase Frequent and Longer dry spells Shorter but Heavier Precipitation Events Hot Extremes, Heat Waves to be more common Contraction of Snow Cover Rise in Sea Levels Degradation of Natural Resources (Land/Water/Bio- diversity) 7 Climate Change Projections IPCC-2007

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Increase in CO 2 to 550 ppm increases yields of rice, wheat, legumes and oilseeds by 10-20%. 1 degree C increase in temperature may reduce yields of wheat, soybean, mustard, groundnut, and potato by 3-7%. Much higher losses at higher temperatures. Productivity of most crops to decrease only marginally by 2020 but by 10-40% by 2100. Possibly some improvement in yields of chickpea, rabi maize, sorghum and millets; and coconut in west coast. Less loss in potato, mustard and vegetables in north-western India due to reduced frost damage. 8 Projected Impacts

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Increased droughts and floods are likely to increase production variability Considerable effect on microbes, pathogens, and insects Increasing sea and river water temperatures are likely to affect fish breeding, migration, and harvests Increased water, shelter, and energy requirement for livestock Animal distress due to heat; effects on reproduction Imbalance in food trade due to positive impacts on Europe and North America, and negative impacts on us 9 Projected Impacts

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Mandate of NMSA To transform agriculture into an ecologically sustainable climate resilient production system by devising appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies for ensuring food security, equitable access to food resources, enhancing livelihood opportunities and contributing to economic stability at the national level.

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National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) is one of the eight Missions under National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC); NMSA was accorded in principle approval by PM Council on Climate Change (PMCCC) in Sept-2010; NMSA identifies 10 dimensions encompassing whole agriculture sector with 17 deliverables NMSA Programmatic Intervention caters to 3-4 Dimensions covering 5 deliverables XII Plan proposal was considered by EFC on 20.08.2013 and approved by CCEA on 07.11.2013 Mission made operational from 1 st April, 2014 11 National Mission For Sustainable Agriculture

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Technology, Products and Practices Capacity Building Infrastructure Dimensions Research and Development Functional Areas ApproachApproach

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13 SLDeliverablesProgrammes 1Natural Resources Development NMSA, RKVY, MIDH 2Water Use Efficiency NMSA, RKVY 3Conservation and Precision Farming MIDH, NMSA 4 Improved Soil Health Management NMSA, NFSM 5Institutional Coordination NMSA 6 Higher Crop Productivity NFSM,NMOOP,RKVY 7 Horticulture Development MIDH (NHM, HMNE) 8 Developing Safety Net NCIP 9Improved Access to Insurance and Credit Mapping Of Deliverables

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SLDeliverablesProgrammes 10 Efficient Seed Chain & better variety NMAET, NFSM, NMOOP 11 Increasing level of Farm Mechanisation NMAET, RKVY 12Capacity Building of Stakeholders NAMET, ICAR 13Easier Access to Information NAMET 14Improved Pest, Disease and Weeds Management PP, MIDH, NFSM 15 Increasing efficiency of Agri-Supply Chain MIDH, ISAM (AMI) 16Research and Development ICAR 17Livestock and Fisheries Development NLM Cont

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Dimensions Water Use Efficiency Nutrient Management Livelihood diversification Part of Improved Farm Practices Deliverables Efficient Water management Natural Resource Management Soil Health Management Integrated & Precision Farming NMSA (as Programmatic Intervention) Institutional Coordination

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Interventions have been drawn from the following ongoing Schemes/Missions of DAC Rainfed Area Development Programme (RADP) (Sub-scheme of RKVY) National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertility (NPMSH&F) Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI) 16 NMSA Restructured Subsumed Schemes

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To make agriculture productive, sustainable, remunerative and climate resilient; To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based on soil fertility status; To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management; To conserve on-farm resources through appropriate resource conservation technologies; To develop capacity of farmers & stakeholders in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures; To pilot models in select blocks by mainstreaming rainfed technologies and leveraging resources ; To establish an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial co-ordination for accomplishing key deliverables of NMSA NMSA Objectives

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Rainfed Area Development(RAD) On Farm Water Management(OFWM) Soil Health Management (SHM) Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture - Monitoring, Modelling & Networking (CCSAMMN) Management (State & Central) Mission Components

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Rainfed Area Development ApproachMajor Activities Watershed plus approach focusing on location specific farming systems; resource conservation technologies; development of common property assets, diversification of farm income etc. Int. Farming System Precision / protected farming Resource Conservation Tech Storage & value addition Rain water harvesting FPOs & Capacity Building last mile connectivity to water source

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20 Soil Health Management ApproachMajor Activities Preparation of GIS based thematic maps, database on land and soil characteristics, improved soil & nutrient management practices based on land use and soil characteristics, organic farming, management of problem soils to bring additional area under cultivation etc Soil Resource/Fertility Map Setting up of Agro waste/ Bio-fertilizer/ bio- pesticide unit Bio and Organic fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory (BOQCL) Organic village adoption Promotion of INM, micro nutrient, organic input Quality analysis under FCO Soil Testing Laboratory Portable Soil Testing Kit Fertilizer Testing Laboratory Problem Soil Reclamation

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On-farm Water Management ApproachMajor Activities To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management & expand coverage for achieving more crop per drop, adopting water conservation technologies, efficient delivery and distribution systems etc. Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation Field application system Secondary Storage Drainage development Capacity Building

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CCSA Monitoring, Modeling & Networking ApproachMajor Activities Provide creation and bidirectional dissemination of climate change related information and knowledge by way of piloting climate change adaptation/ mitigation research/model projects in the domain of climate smart sustainable management practices and integrated farming system suitable to local agro-climatic conditions. Comprehensive pilot blocks for disseminating technologies/ research findings under single window service/ knowledge system Knowledge Networking, skill development Studies, Documentation, Publication,

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STRATEGIES Promoting effective management of available water resources and enhancing water use efficiency through application of technologies coupled with demand and supply side management solutions. Promoting integrated farming system covering crops, livestock & fishery, plantation and pasture based composite farming for enhancing livelihood opportunities, ensuring food security and minimizing risks from crop failure through supplementary/ residual production systems. Dissemination and adoption of rainfed technologies with greater reach in disadvantaged areas and leveraging resources from other schemes/Missions for integrated development. Popularizing resource conservation technologies (both on-farm and off-farm) and introducing practices that will support mitigation efforts in times of extreme climatic events or disasters like prolonged dry spells, floods etc. Creating database on soil resources through land use survey, soil profile study and soil analysis to facilitate adoption of location and soil-specific crop management practices & optimize fertilizer use. Involving knowledge institutions and professionals in developing climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for specific agro climatic situations and promoting them through appropriate farming systems. Establishing platform to liaison, review and coordinate implementation of interventions outlined in Mission Document of NMSA under aegis of National Action Plan on Climate Change 23

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Rainfed Area Development(RAD) On Farm Water Management(OFWM) Soil Health Management (SHM) Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture - Monitoring, Modelling & Networking (CCSAMMN) Management (State & Central) Mission Components

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New Activities proposed Resource Conservation Technologies Last mile connectivity - energization Portable soil testing kit Data bank on balanced use of fertilizer Organic village/cluster and participatory organic certification Reclamation of problem soil Conservation & management of Non Timber Forest Produce Bio/organic fertilizer quality control lab Secondary storage structure Drainage development of waterlogged areas 25

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26 Rainfed Area Development ApproachMajor Activities Watershed plus approach focusing on location specific farming systems; resource conservation technologies; development of common property assets, diversification of farm income etc. Int. Farming System Precision / protected farming Resource Conservation Tech Storage & value addition Rain water harvesting FPOs & Capacity Building last mile connectivity to water source

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27 Soil Health Management ApproachMajor Activities Preparation of GIS based thematic maps, database on land and soil characteristics, improved soil & nutrient management practices based on land use and soil characteristics, organic farming, management of problem soils to bring additional area under cultivation etc Soil Resource/Fertility Map Setting up of Agro waste/ Bio-fertilizer/ bio-pesticide unit Bio and Organic fertilizer Quality Control Laboratory (BOQCL) Organic village adoption Promotion of INM, micro nutrient, organic input Quality analysis under FCO Soil Testing Laboratory Portable Soil Testing Kit Fertilizer Testing Laboratory Problem Soil Reclamation

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28 On-farm Water Management ApproachMajor Activities To optimize utilization of water resources through efficient water management & expand coverage for achieving more crop per drop, adopting water conservation technologies, efficient delivery and distribution systems etc. Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation Field application system Secondary Storage Drainage development Capacity Building

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29 CCSA Monitoring, Modeling & Networking ApproachMajor Activities Provide creation and bidirectional dissemination of climate change related information and knowledge by way of piloting climate change adaptation/ mitigation research/model projects in the domain of climate smart sustainable management practices and integrated farming system suitable to local agro-climatic conditions. Comprehensive pilot blocks for disseminating technologies/ research findings under single window service/ knowledge system Knowledge Networking, skill development Studies, Documentation, Publication,

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CONVERGENCE Water sources developed under IWMP & NREGA would be utilised for IFS and Micro irrigation PRI will be associated in identification of cluster, activities and beneficiary Linkage of R&D organisation through Standing Tech. Committee Cropping System supported through NFSM & NMOOP will be integrated with livestock/fishery/plantation/pasture/small processing unit NMAET will be linked in the context of improved inputs, mechanization, extension and information support. Model pilot blocks will mainstream rainfed technologies by leveraging resources from other State/Central programmes/schemes Provisions of RKVY to supplement NMSA components 30

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31 Thanks