National Hydrography Data Use and National Hydrography Data Use and ApplicationsApplications

National Hydrography Data Use and National Hydrography Data Use and ApplicationsApplications

National Hydrography DatasetNational Hydrography Dataset

Water resources data development:

• NHD is the national spatial data standard for mapped surface water resource data

• NHD development funded by

USGS

• NHD datasets (geodatabase format) available from USGS at: http://nhd.usgs.gov

Format of the NHDFormat of the NHD

• NHD is a relational database

• Mapped features in NHD:– Flowlines (streams, artificial paths)

– Waterbodies (lakes, etc.)

– Areas (wide rivers)

– Points (springs, gauging stations, locks)

• Tabular data in NHD:– Attribute tables– Flow tables– Metadata

NHD Data Model – Very complex, but necessary

Included in the NHDIncluded in the NHD

For Mapping:

• Streams

• Canals/ditches

• Lakes

• Reservoirs

• Other features

• Points

Canals

Coastline

Artificial paths

NHD with Google Earth imagery, North Carolina

Streams

Included in the NHDIncluded in the NHD

For Modeling:

1. Direction of flow

2. Routes– Built-in distance

measurements along lines

– Used in linear referencing

Direction of flow

Headwater watershedsHeadwater watersheds

Pass through watershedsPass through watersheds

Watershed modelingWatershed modeling

• Segment level watersheds can be used in watershed modeling

• Also compiled flow tables for each watershed

Watershed Schematic:Simplified segment-level watershedsand associated flow table

Outlet

Watershed modelingWatershed modeling

• Uses of watersheds and flow-based modeling:– Compile statistics for stream based on land

cover in contributing area upstream– Can compile cumulative watershed statistics– Can select upstream or downstream

watersheds for any location

Watershed modelingWatershed modeling

Upper Little SandyCumulative area upstreamAbandoned minelands

Using watersheds:

Other cumulative statistics for contributing drainage area upstream

Watershed modelingWatershed modeling

Tools have also been developed to determine minimum distance upstream to features of interest:

Upper Little SandyDistance to closest upstream mine permit

Modeling resultsModeling results

• Results from lower Cheat River• Mining Index as a predictor

stream impairment by watershed

/ 2max max

i iCMD CODMI

CMD COD

cumulative mine area

total areaiCMD

cumulative mine outcrop length

total stream lengthiCOD

Uses of modeling resultsUses of modeling results

• Watershed modeling is used in assessment of the influence of landscape factors on instream water quality and biota

• Linking landscape factors is made possible by mapped segment-level watersheds

NHD PlusNHD Plus• NHDPlus is an enhanced version of the 1:100,000

“medium” resolution National Hydrography Dataset. The NHDPlus is created and maintained by Horizon Systems Corporation with support from the EPA and USGS.

• There are two versions of NHDPlus: NHDPlus Version 1 (which is still available, but archived) and NHDPlus version 2. Recommend using/downloading NHDPlus version 2. The unique feature IDs and catchment boundaries have changed between the two versions, so they are NOT compatible.

http://www.horizon-systems.com/nhdplus/ http://www.horizon-systems.com/nhdplus/

Included in the NHDPlus version 2Included in the NHDPlus version 2• Greatly improved 1:100K National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)

• Greatly improved 30 meter National Elevation Dataset (NED)

• Nationally complete Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)

• A set of value added attributes to enhance stream network navigation, analysis and display

• An elevation-based catchment for each flowline in the stream network

• Catchment characteristics

• Headwater node areas

• Cumulative drainage area characteristics

• Flow direction, flow accumulation and elevation grids

• Flowline min/max elevations and slopes

• Flow volume & velocity estimates for each flowline in the stream network

• Catchment attributes and network accumulated attributes

• Various grids from the hydro-enforcement process including the hydro-enforced DEM.

Guide for installingGuide for installing

Useful datasets to downloadUseful datasets to downloadSee NHDPlus v2 Users Guide for a description of field names/contents in each dataset below.

NHD Snapshot (this includes the NHD flowlines (streams), waterbodies, area features, etc. it is called a “snapshot” because it is not updated as the NHD is updated – it is from a single point in time when the NHDPlus v2 was created (not generally a problem)

NED Snapshot (this includes the NED elevation data)

NHDPlus Catchment: these are the catchment boundaries. They are generally related to the flowlines using FEATUREID (which is same as flowline COMID) and may be joined using those attributes. However, there is not always a 1:1 relationship between flowlines & catchments (not all flowlines will have catchments I think) but usually doesn’t cause an issue, unless you are using “homegrown” routines to navigate the flow network.

NHDPlus Attributes: an attribute table (dbf) that can be joined to the catchments and/or flowlines. Includes lots of useful information, including stream order, whether segment is a divergence or not, cumulative area

Vogel Extension: Includes flow estimates (mean annual flow) for each catchment/flowline

Precipitation and Temperature: mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature datasets by catchment (note values – see Users Guide). Data from PRISM.

NLCD data extension: NLCD 2011 data have been summarized already by NHDPlus catchments. If this is needed, can be downloaded here: http://www.horizon-systems.com/NHDPlus/V2NLCD2011.php.

WBD Snapshot: WBD is watershed boundary dataset (NRCS 12-digit watersheds).

Download the NHD toolDownload the NHD tool

Notes handout with this sectionNotes handout with this section

• Pick it up here.

SummarySummary

• Segment level watersheds are delineated to match stream scale using updated elevation

• NHD hydrology provides backbone for the network model to examine cumulative measures and indices

• Further analyses are easily computed for insights into many issues

• Can be scaled up in hierarchy

Comments / Questions?Comments / Questions?