National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/... · National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 (NMRR-18-3085-44207) Non-communicable

National Institutes of Health (NIH)Ministry of Health Malaysia

Key Findings

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Non-communicable diseases, healthcare demand, and health literacy

MOH/S/IKU/173.20(BK)-e

© 2020 Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia.

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 (NMRR-18-3085-44207)Non-communicable diseases, healthcare demand, and health literacy: Key Findings

Disclaimer:

The views expressed in this infographic booklet are those of the authors alone and do notnecessarily represent the opinions of the other investigators participating in the survey, northe view or policy of the Ministry of Health.

Published and distributed by:

Institute for Public HealthNational Institutes of Health (NIH)Ministry of Health MalaysiaNo. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52Seksyen U13 Setia Alam40170 Shah Alam, Selangor

Tel: +603-3362 8793 Fax: +603-3362 7501Email: [email protected]: www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Use and dissemination of this document is encouraged. However, reproduced copies maynot be used for commercial purposes. Download the full report at http://bit.ly/NHMS2019

The authors wish to thank the Director General of Health Malaysia for permission to publish thisdocument.

ISBN 978-983-99320-6-5

MOH/S/IKU/173.20(BK)-e

Suggested citation:

Institute for Public Health 2020. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019: Non-communicable diseases, healthcare demand, and health literacy—Key Findings

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 Key Findings

www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Overview of the survey01

NHMShas been conducted in

4-yearly cycles since theyear 2011

The

first yearThe

of each cycle focuses on non-communicable diseases (NCD) and

healthcare demand (HCD), withthe other years focusing on other

priority areas as determined by theMinistry of Health, Malaysia.

The survey series iscommissioned by the Ministry ofHealth to provide reliableinformation on the health, andfactors related to health, ofpeople living in Malaysia.

The series aims to:estimate the occurrence ofparticular health conditionsand certain risk factors

monitor trends in thepopulation's health over time

describe the community'sperception and demand forhealth care

determine the prevalence ofhealth literacy among peopleliving in Malaysia

2019marks the beginning of a

new cycle for NHMS, to focus onNCD, HCD and a few other topics

as requested by thestakeholders

Key findings from the 2019 survey are presented here in this booklet, the form of plain-language information graphics. The above technical reports, which contain further discussion of the findings and full documentation of the survey's methods and questionnaires, are available from the IKU website:www.iku.gov.my/nhms.

The 2019 survey covered 3 main scopes:

*included both NCD and HCDquestionnaires; results are

presented elsewhere


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

TARGET POPULATION

All members ofthe household

All members ofthe household

87.2% 88.9%RESPONSE RATE

ENUMERATION BLOCKS (EB)

475 463

Survey sample and process 02

TWO STAGE STRATIFIEDRANDOM SAMPLING

DESIGN

1st Stratum: All states &Federal territories

2nd Stratum: Urban & Rural

NMRR-18-3085-44207CROSS- SECTIONALSTUDY DESIGN

Study protocol approvedby Medical Research and

Ethics Committee (MREC), MOH

Population-based study

DATA COLLECTION

From 14 July to 30September 2019

FACE TO FACE INTERVIEWOR SELF-ADMINISTERED

QUESTIONNAIRE Used validatedquestionnaires

REFERRALDATA ANALYSISTOOLS

Nearest government clinicfor referred case

Publication of findingsinto report

Individual and parentalconsent obtained before

interviewing

87.2% 88.9%

N C D H C D

STUDY SAMPLE

14,965respondents

16,688respondents


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) — Diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterolin Malaysia

03

Our health is our responsibility. Here are some things we can doto combat NCDs:

Stop smoking and reduceharmful use of alcohol

Maintain ahealthy weight

Eat a healthy diet

High Cholesterol

HypertensionDiabetes

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are theleading causes of death in Malaysia

Diabetes

HypertensionHigh

Cholesterol

4.1%

9.3% 16.6%

8.1%

9.9%

3.4%2.7%

High blood sugar,high bloodpressure and highcholesterol aremajor risk factorsfor cardiovasculardisease

3.4 million people inMalaysia currently livewith twomajor risk factors

1.7 million people inMalaysia currently livewith threemajor risk factors

Exerciseregularly

Control blood pressure <140/90

(such as stroke and coronary heart diseases)


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Prevalence (%)

< 16.22

16.22 - 18.12

18.12 - 20.02

20.02 - 25.06

> 25.06

Diabetes trend 2011 - 2019

Negeri Sembilan - 33.2%

Perlis - 32.6%

Pahang - 25.7%

Age

Prev

alen

ce (%

)

18-2930-39

40-4950-59

60 & abov

e0

20

40

Years

Prev

alen

ce (%

)

2011 2015 20190

5

10

Prevalence of diabetes by age groups

Have been diagnosed with diabetes

Did not know that they have diabetes

7.28.3

9.4

4.05.1

8.9

Diabetes in Malaysia04

1 in 5 adults inMalaysiahave diabetes 3.9 million

That's about

people aged 18 years and

above

Have been diagnosed with diabetes

Did not know that they have diabetes

Prevalence of diabetes across states; the highest prevalence was found in these states:

30.4

19.5

8.43.20.6

11.1

11.3

12.4

8.55.3

*using a cut-off of 7.0 mmol/L for fasting blood sugar level


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

3 in 10or 6.4 million peoplein Malaysia have hypertensionA blood pressure value of

140/90 mmHgis considered high

Untreated high bloodpressure can lead to

serious consequencessuch as heart attacks,

strokes and othercardiovascular diseases

Pressure rising: Hypertension in Malaysia05

3 in 10or 6.4 million peoplein Malaysia have hypertension

only halfare aware that theyhave the disease males

than in females

Among those below 30 years of age, hypertension occurs

90%

45%have theirbloodpressurecontrolled

are onmedication

Among these,

Get your bloodpressure checkedregularly and keep itunder control

#checkyourpressure

Hypertensionincreases with age

but only

in3x


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

4 in 10 people or 8 million adultsin Malaysia have raised total cholesterol level

45%MALE FEMALE

32%

peoplewere unaware theyhave raised totalcholesterol

Femaleshave higherraised totalcholesterolcomparedto males

80% of those with raised totalcholesterol were onmedications for raised totalcholesterol 63% of those on medication

for raised totalcholesterol have theircholesterol levelscontrolled

1.1 4.714.5

27.7

40.3

17.6

25.9

32.3

33.7

20.5

18-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 & above0

25

50

Most people aged 40-59 yearsdid not know that they haveraised total cholesterol

Diagnosedhypercholesterolaemia

Keeping an eye on cholesterol06

Raised total cholesterolis defined as a totalcholesterol level of

Cholesterol isa type of fatthat circulatesin your blood

Having too muchcholesterol in your bloodstream will resultin cholesterol depositsin the walls of yourarteries, causingheart disease 5.2 mmol/L or higher

Did not know that they haveraised total cholesterol

1 in 4


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

adults* inMalaysia arephysically NOT active

ofURBAN DWELLERS

27%

1 in 4

59%of those aged

75 YEARS & ABOVE

39%of

STUDENTS

07 Are we active enough?

Who were the least active physically?

28%of

FEMALES

Physicalinactivity is the4th leading riskfactor for global

mortality*.*World Health Organization, 2019

Reducing physical inactivity by climbing stairs ortaking short walks can increase our levels of

physical activity.

* 16 years and above

Recommended physical activity for adults aged 18–64 years:

At least 150 minutes ofmoderate-intensityphysical activitythroughout the week

at least 75 minutes ofvigorous-intensity physicalactivity throughout the week

an equivalentcombinationof moderate-and vigorous-intensityactivity

or or


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Tobacco use and second-hand smokeexposure among Malaysians

1 in 2people reported being

at eateries without air-conditioning.

exposed to second-handsmoke

Where else do people get exposed to second-hand smoke?

Home Work Eateries WITH air conditioning

What are people smoking in Malaysia?

Cigarette E-Cigarette

31 % 27 % 9 %

21% 5%

08

Speak out!

Non-smokersEveryone

has aright toclean air


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

95%of Malaysian adults do not eat the recommended daily amountof both fruits and vegetables.

Prevalence (%)

< 93.56

93.56 - 95.02

95.02 - 96.5

96.5 - 97.76

> 97.76

3 in 4 people drink enough plainwater every day

Eating enough fruitsand vegetables isimportant in weightmanagement and disease prevention

Of fruits, veggies, and plain water 09

Percentage of those who were not eating enough fruits andvegetables varied slightly by state:

However, we are doing slightly better in terms of hydration,where:

Adequate plainwater intake helpsyour kidneys workmore efficientlyand helps toprevent kidneystones


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Sugar added self-prepared drink: coffee, tea, chocolate or malted beverages added with sugar or/andsweetened condensed milk or sweetened creamer (based on Operational Definition by Nutrition Division,Ministry of Health Malaysia)Premixed drinks: Instant drink products containing sugar (e.g. premix coffee, tea, chocolate, soy, cereal)

Malaysians and sugary drinks: a not-so-sweet picture

10

Sugary drinks intake among Malaysian adults

On average, how much sugar do Malaysian adultsconsume from sugary drinks?

self-prepared drinks

DAILYteaspoons of sugar

carbonated and non-carbonated drinks


premixed drinks


self-prepared drinks carbonated and non-carbonated drinks

premixed drinks

53.2% daily

4.2% daily

6.7% daily

It is best to drinkplain water orunsweeteneddrinks such ascoffee or tea

without addedsugar

Take homemessage

3

3

6

* Sugar intake among those drank sugary drinks everyday


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Kelantan & Pahang are two stateswith the lowest uptake of themammogram screening test

Mammogram Screening

women aged 40 andabove have never had amammogram3 in 4

Breast Self-Examination (BSE)

Cervical Cancer Screening

of women aged 20and above did notundergo pap smear test in the past 3 years

1 in 2 women aged 18 and abovedid not practice BreastSelf-Examination (BSE)

60%

7%

11%

Only 25% are aware of self-sampling HPV test

Ladies, have you been screened?11


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Harmful use of in Malaysia12

*Binge drinking: consuming 6 or more standard alcoholic drinksat one sitting

*Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED):consuming 6 or more standardalcoholic drinks at one sitting weekly

alcohol

hat is the harmful use of alcohol

3 million deathsfrom harmful useof alcohol globallyevery year

Road trafficinjuries

Cancer

Livercirrhosis

10.9%17.6%

16.2%16.8%

2.2% 0.6%

Malaysiansdrink alcohol

11.8%

1 in 2

1 in 10 practice HED

binge drink

According to WHO,deaths caused by

alcohol in Malaysia...


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

adults in Malaysiaused drugs at least oncein their lifetime

people146,000 128,000 people

GanjaCannabis

Hemp

KetumMiragyna

13

101,000 people

SpeedLSD

Ecstasy

45,000 people

MorphineSmack

Heroine

33,000 people

PaintGlue

Marker

TYPES OF DRUGS(EVER) USED:

Drug use continues despite strict drug laws

RURALDWELLERS

MALELOW INCOME

300,000 100,000adults in Malaysia

DRUG USE (BOTH LIFETIMEAND CURRENT) WEREHIGHEST IN THESE GROUPS:

currently use drugs

started drug usebetween ages 18-24 years

THE MAJORITY OF DRUG USERS...

started withmarijuana

* Estimated figures based on national prevalence

Marijuana Kratom

Amphetamine Opiate Inhalant


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

KEY facts

By states:

National prevalence of depression:

that's abouthalf a million

people2.3%

among Malaysianadults

Highest prevalence found in:WP Putrajaya (5.4%)Negeri Sembilan (5.0%)Perlis (4.3%)Sabah (4.0%)Melaka (3.8%)

2.0% 2.6%Male

3.6% 1.9%

Female

Rural Urban

Single MarriedDivorceeWidower

3.2% 2.0%1.8%

B40 M40 T20

2.7% 1.7% 0.5%

if you have any of these symptoms:depressed moodloss of interest & enjoymentreduced concentrationreduced self-esteemideas of self-harm/suicidedisturbed sleep and appetite

Depression14

By sociodemographic groups: By household income:

Consult your doctor


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Which children have more problems?

Prevalence of mental healthproblems by DOMAINS

424,000children

were found tohave mentalhealth problemsin Malaysia.

Ruralpopulation8.8%1

10-15 years9.5%3

B40 householdincome9.2%4

What contributes to the mental health problem?

42.9% Peers problem

15.9% Conduct problem

8.3% Emotional problem

2.3% Hyperactive problem

The hidden epidemic15

Girls8.4%2

-NHMS 2019-


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Leaving no one behind — Persons withfunctional difficulties

14.9%

Difficulty inSeeing

1 in 4 adults in Malaysia experienced functionaldifficulties

2.0%

Difficulty inCommunicating

10.4%

Difficulty inWalking

7.0%

Difficulty inRemembering

2.1%

Difficulty inSelf-care

7.6%

Difficulty inHearing

4.7%of children aged 2 to 17 years

in Malaysia experiencedfunctional difficulties

Prev

alen

ce (%

)

14.2 16.427.9

41.250.8

65.5

91.0

18-2930-3940-4950-5960-6970-79≥ 80

Age Group (years)0

50

16

Types of difficulties Who is at risk?

Urban25.0%

Rural34.4%

Male22.9%

Female31.6%


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Let's talk about ED

WHAT SHOULD I DO?The causes of erectile dysfunction vary by age, and so does its management

YOUNGER

May be due to over-expectation than itbeing an actual problem

If you practise a healthy lifestyle and arefound healthy by a doctor, seekcounselling or proper sexual healthinformation for reassurance

VS

3 in 10 admitted that they had great difficulty getting hard enough

OLDER

Could be a disease by itself or a symptomof other diseases

Consult your doctor quickly!Early detection and proper treatment ofED and the diseases causing it areimportant for your general health.

17When Malaysian adult males wereasked about their erection in bed:

Erectile dysfunction (ED) orimpotence is the inability of amale to produce or maintain anerection during sexual activity.

18 - 29 years

This responsewas morecommon inone agegroup thanothers:

36.9%30 - 59 years

25.2%60+ years

64.1%

If you are one of them, you may be suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED)


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

BPH: A man's dilemma

Lower percentage ofsymptomatic enlarged

prostate comparedto Global estimates

which was 26%.

23% The percentage ofsymptomatic

BPH increases from 10%among 40-year-olds to

33% among 75-year-olds.

57% of those withsymptomatic BPH

reported beingunsatisfied with their

urination

INCREASE

16%of men aged 40years and abovesuffer from BPH

16% 17%24%among married

menamong older

peopleamong rural

men

What should I do?The two most common forms of treatment for BPH aremedicines and surgeries.Consult your doctor for a prostate checkup if youexperience any problems with urination.

WHAT IS BPH? Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is an enlarged prostate gland.

18


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Overweight/obesity & abdominal obesity: A tag team of health risk19

Major diseases associated with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity

Stop smokingDon't drink alcoholBe physically activeEat a healthy diet Manage stress well

HeartDisease

High BloodPressure

Diabetes

adults in Malaysiawere overweight or obese

OVERWEIGHT = Body mass index (BMI)more than 25 kg/m2

60.9%

55-59 years oldage group

Indian ethnicity63.9%

Females54.7%

adults in Malaysiahad abdominal obesity

ABDOMINAL =OBESITY

Waist circumference (WC) ≥90cm for men≥80cm for women

71.5%

68.3%Indian ethnicity

64.8%

60-64 years oldage group

Females

OBESE = Body mass index (BMI)more than 30 kg/m2

What can you do to reduce your risk?

1 in 2 1 in 2This was found to behighest among:

This was found to behighest among:


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

Malaysianswere anaemic

4.6 millionpeople

21.3%

Among women of reproductive age group (15 - 49 years old):

3 in 10 were anaemic

39.8%

Prevalence (%)

< 18.48

18.48 - 20.08

20.08 - 21.88

21.88 - 24.32

> 24.32

Anaemia by state

Anaemia among thegeneral populationwas highest inKelantan

Anaemia amongwomen aged 15-49was highest in PulauPinang

27.2%

14.4%

16%Mildly

anaemicSeverelyanaemic

1%Moderately

anaemic

13%

Estimated

What is anaemia?

Anaemia is a condition when someonehas not enough healthy red blood cellsthat carries oxygen in the body

Why is it dangerous?

It can cause serious problems to the heart.

Why is it a threat towardswomen's health?

It increases pregnancy riskssuch as miscarriage &premature delivery.

It can affect the babycausing low birth weightand stunting.

Level of Severity:

of thepopulation

Anaemia in Malaysia20

1 in 5

of womenwho had anaemia were of Indianethnicity


Healthcare Demand (HCD) - IHSR

Reported healthcare spendingfrom total household monthly expenditure:

of the population are coveredby Personal Health Insurance.

36%

43%

Notneeded

Cannotafford

Paying for healthcare in Malaysia21

2011

Reported financial sources used byhousehold for paying for health services:

used current income

How many individualsare insured?

81%

Only 22%

Reasons for not having Personal Health Insurance:

2015 2019

3.6%4.6%

5.1%

36%

11%used savings

borrowed from family andfriends, other than householdmembers



Are we in

"not good"

16.4% sought advice fromfamily/friends

11.3% advice from otherresources11.3% sought advice from

media

sought care or advicefrom healthcarepractitioners

57.5% 22.8% self-medicated˜

1 in 5

good health?

of the population^rated their health as

22

20%of peoplein Malaysiareported tohave been sick

^ aged 13 years old and over

* prior to interview

Generally,

In the last two weeks*,

˜ took medicine without advicefrom healthcare parctitioners

Among those who were sick,

(e.g. Internet, TV, radio, printnewspaper etc.)



Chronic bodily pain

Who were affected?

To what extent were their dailyactivities affected?

of the populationêxperiencedchronic bodily pain

WHAT IS CHRONICBODILY PAIN?

Pain in any parts ofthe body, which isfelt every day or

most days for 3 months or more

9 in 100

3.5 % extremely disturbed

12.8 % severely disturbed

16.8 % moderately disturbed

48.2 % mildly disturbed

18.2 % not disturbed at all

23

Teenagersaged 13 - 14 years

1.6% 29.3%

Elderlyaged 75 years and over

âged 13 years old and over

1.6 1.93.4 4.7 5.1 6.3

8.911.0

15.8 15.6

21.019.2

20.9

29.3

13-1415-19

20-2425-29

30-3435-39

40-4445-49

50-5455-59

60-6465-69

70-7475-79

0

20

Pain prevalence increaseswith increasing age

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

Age group (years)



24 Community pharmacies do more than justselling medicines

However, only

of adults^ in Malaysiahad visited a community pharmacy

in the last 2 weeks* for health purposes

1 in 10

Advice on your Advice and treatment for

Other services such as smoking cessation,weight management and others

3,000community pharmaciesin Malaysia

There are about

Source: Pharmaceutical Services Division,Ministry of Health Malaysia (2016).

Assistance in self-monitoring ofyour blood glucose and bloodpressure levels

medicationminor illnesses

AT A COMMUNITY PHARMACY, YOU CAN GET:

âged 18 years old and over*prior to interview



Outpatient healthcare utilisation

1 in 12

26.3% came for medical check-up37.1% came for follow-up74.1% came due to related health problem*

Who were they?

9.1%OF THE FEMALEPOPULATION

7.1%OF THE MALEPOPULATION

3.1% received other types of care

*related health problems in the last 2 weeks prior to interview

of those who used outpatient services were40% THE ELDERLY

(60 years old and over)

7.8%OF THE URBANPOPULATION

OF THE RURALPOPULATION

8.8%

25people in Malaysiaused outpatient healthcareservices in thelast 2 weeks^.

Why did they attend?

of theB40 population8.1% of the

M40 population7.6% of theT20 population9.1%

Where did they go*?

^ prior to interview

*some people went to both public and private facilities, and went more than once

B40 group M40 group T20 group

71.2%

29.9% 47.5% 62.4%

53.4% 37.5%PRIVATEfacilities

36.3%

PUBLICfacilities

64.6%



1 in 20Who were more likely to get admitted?

75.3

25.5 Public hospitalsPrivate hospitals

Where were the peopleadmitted to*?

people in Malaysiawas admitted tohospital in the past12 months^.

7.0% of the T20population5.8% of the M40

population4.7% of the B40population

Women ofreproductive age

Elderlypeople(60+ years old)(20-49 years old)

those who were admitted were from

26 Hospital admissions

4.1%OF THE MALEPOPULATION

6.2%OF THE FEMALE POPULATION

Who got admitted?

*some people were admitted toboth public and privatehospitals, and were admittedmore than once


37.2% 16.6%of the reportedadmissions

of the reportedadmissions

B40 group M40 group T20 group

85.6%

15.4%

67.1%

33.2%

33.0%

67.1%



Only a quarterof people in Malaysia visited adentist in the last 12 months^. 15%

Services receivedduring dentalvisit

1.5% Other services

33.8% Oral health treatment

63.3% Oral health check-up

Regular dental visits are

utilised public dental services4 in 5 people

27 Dental visits in Malaysia

The top 20% richestutilised private dentists

the most (42.1%)

The poor andthe rich utilised the public

sector equally


However,

50% MORE THAN 2 YEARS AGO

NEVER

IMPORTANTto maintain optimal oral health

last visited their dentist

in their lifetime had

visited a dentist!

Careprovider*Private, 2.6%

NGO, 0.5%


28 Domiciliary care

1 in 50 people in Malaysia

reported receiving care at their home*in the last 12 months^*healthcare received including consultation, check-up and/or treatment^prior to interview

What kind of care was received*?

Rehabilitation7.4%

Child healthcare43.8%

Antenatal orpostnatal care40.7% Health check

33.2%Care related tomedication16.8%

Medicaltreatment^10.4%

^ such as wound care,tube feeding,prevention of pressureulcer and others

Who provided the care?

*remaining are unspecified

The limited involvement ofprivate sectors and NGOs presents

an excellent opportunity forparticipation of private sectors

and NGOs in providing healthcareat home.


Government 88.2%

*more than one care can be provided during a domiciliary care visit.

National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019


5.7% informal care*

Key Findings

of the population^ provided

Informal care in Malaysia29

4.3%of the MALEpopulation

of the FEMALEpopulation

7.0% years

Average years ofcare provided

Average hours ofcare provided

85.0%household member(s)

of careprovided to 16.7%

non-household member(s)

of careprovided to

~some informal caregivers provided care to both household and non-household member(s)

Provision of informal caregivers

5.3hours per week

24.4

in the last 12 months prior to interview

âged 18 years and over*covers provision of personal care, healthcare or other assistance to others who are unable tocare for themselves, excluding care provided by professionals or through organised voluntaryservices

Effect on the caregiversInformal caregivers reported that theywere affected by the caring role.

KEY MESSAGE

The health andwell-being of caregivers

should not beoverlooked.

Monitoring their healthis equally important as

their care recipients'health.

Who were they? How many years? How many hours?

Who received the care~?

16.0%health (physicaland/or mental)were affected

said their


www.iku.gov.my/nhms

1 in 3To understandhealth riskfactors &practice healthylifestyle

To organisehealth careappointments accordingly

To analyserisks & benefitof treatment wisely

WHAT isHealth Literacy?

adults haveLOW

health literacy

An ability to find, tounderstand, and

to use healthinformation and

services needed foreveryday

health decisionmaking

Health literacy among Malaysian adults30

WHY Health Literacy is Important?

To understandhealthinformation &medicalinstruction easily

"HOW to ImproveMy Health Literacy?"

ALWAYS ASKQUESTIONS from healthcare provider on your:

health conditiondisease prevention &managementover counter &prescription medicines, vitamins, supplements, herbalmedicines

BRING SOMEONE with youto clinic/hospital to helpyou:

take notes &remember importantinformation (date &appointments, medicalinstruction)

KNOW your MEDICALHISTORY such as:

health condition(current & before)surgeries/medical procedures (if any)medications

especially if you go to anew clinic/hospital

"You SHOULD... "

FindingsInstitute for Public Health (IKU)Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR)Institute for Health Behavioural Research (IHBR)National Institutes of Health (NIH)Ministry of Health Malaysia1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52Seksyen U13, Setia Alam40170 Shah Alam, Selangor

www.iku.gov.my/nhms

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National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019iku.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/... · National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 (NMRR-18-3085-44207) Non-communicable