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Malaysia National Energy Balance for the year of 2011 by Suruhanjaya Tenaga
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NationalEnergyBalance 2011
Energy Commission Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION)
No. 12, Jalan Tun Hussein, Precinct 2, 62100 Putrajaya, MalaysiaTel: (03)8870 8500 Fax: (03)8888 8637Toll Free Number: 1 - 800 - 2222 - 78 (ST) Email: [email protected]
PRINTED IN MALAYSIA
©All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or any part of this publication via electronic, mechanical, recording or other medium is strictly prohibited without written consent from the Energy Commission.
PUBLISHED BY:
ISSN NO : 0128 - 6323ST(P)08/07/2013
NationalEnergyBalance 2011
2 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Data Compilation
Executive Summary
KEY ECONOMIC AND ENERGY DATATable 1 : Key Economic and Energy Data
Table 2 : Key Economic and Energy Data by Region
Figure 1 : Trends in GDP, Primary Energy
Supply and Final Energy Demand
Figure 2 : Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Demand and
Final Energy Demand per Capita
Figure 3 : Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption
Figure 4 : Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Final Energy
Demand and Electricity Demand
Figure 5 : Final Energy Intensity
Figure 6 : Electricity Intensity
Figure 7 : Final Energy and Electricity Elasticity
Figure 8 : Primary Energy Supply
Figure 9 : Final Energy Demand by Sectors
Figure 10 : Final Energy Demand by Type of Fuels
Figure 11 : Official Selling Prices of Malaysian Crude Oil
Figure 12 : Ex-Singapore Prices of Major Petroleum
Products
Figure 13 : Annual Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Contract Prices – Arab Gulf
Figure 14 : Retail Fuel Prices in Malaysia
Figure 15 : Average Annual Natural Gas Price in Malaysia
Figure 16 : Final Energy Demand per Capita in ASEAN
Figure 17 : Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN
OILTable 3 : Production and Reserves of Oil as of
1st January 2011
Table 4 : Refinery Licensed Capacity
Table 5 : Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in
Thousand Barrels
Figure 18 : Net Export of Crude Oil
Figure 19 : Import and Export of Petroleum Products
Figure 20 : Production of Petroleum Products from
Refineries
Figure 21 : Final Consumption of Petroleum Products
NATURAL GASTable 6 : Reserves and Production of Natural Gas
as of 1st January 2011
Table 7 : Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf
Figure 22 : Import and Export of Natural Gas and LNG
Figure 23 : Natural Gas Consumption by Sectors
Figure 24 : Conversion in Gas Plants
COALTable 8 : Production and Reserves of Coal as of
31st December 2011
Table 9 : Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes
Figure 25 : Net Import of Coal
Figure 26 : Coal Consumption by Sectors
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3Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 25 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors in ktoe
Table 26 : Final Energy Consumption by Type of Fuels in ktoe
Table 27 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products in ktoe
Table 28 : Selected Energy and Economic Indicators
(1990-2011)
Table 29 : Energy Balance Table in 2011
(kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 30 : Energy Balance Table in First Quarter (1Q)
of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 31 : Energy Balance Table in Second Quarter
(2Q) of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 32 : Energy Balance Table in Third Quarter (3Q)
of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 33 : Energy Balance Table in Fourth Quarter
(4Q) of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
ENERGY FLOW CHART
NOTES ON ENERGY BALANCE
Energy Balance Format
Notes on Electricity
Notes on Coal
Notes on GDP
Notes on GNI
CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS AND EQUIVALENCE
DEFINITION
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ELECTRICITYTable 10 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011
in MW
Figure 27 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Table 11 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011
in MW
Figure 28 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Table 12 : Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations
Table 13 : Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations
Table 14 : Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 15 : Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 16 : Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation,
Consumption, Available Capacity, Peak Demand
and Reserve Margin) for Malaysia
Figure 29 : Energy Input in Power Stations
Table 17 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh
Figure 30 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011
Figure 31 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors
Table 18 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of
Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region
in 2011
Table 19 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of
Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by
Region in 2011
KEY ENERGY STATISTICSTable 20 : Primary Energy Supply in ktoe
Table 21 : Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe
Table 22 : Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe
Table 23 : Conversion in Refineries in ktoe
Table 24 : Conversion in Power Stations
(excluding co-generation & private licensed
plants) in ktoe
4 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Preface
Despite the challenging international economic environment in 2011, the Malaysian economy recorded a steady growth rate of 5.1 percent (2010: 7.4 percent). Primary energy supply correspondingly recorded an increase of 3.2 percent from 76,809 ktoe in 2010 to 79,289 ktoe in 2011. The supply of crude oil and petroleum products, which increased by 7.7 percent, was the major contributor to the increase in the primary energy supply. Nevertheless, natural gas, with 45.1 percent share of the total primary energy supply, remained the dominant fuel in the country’s energy supply mix.
On the demand side, final energy demand increased by 4.8 percent, from 41,476 ktoe in 2010 to 43,455 ktoe in 2011. This increase in final energy demand was mainly attributed to the non-energy sector which consumed about 14.7 percent of the total final energy demand.
In the power sector, coal overtook natural gas as the fuel with the biggest share of energy input for electricity generation, at 46.6 percent of the total input of 27,924 ktoe. Natural gas decreased its share to 39.3 percent compared to 45.6 percent in 2010. Hydro contributed 6.6 percent, an increase from its share in 2010 of 5.7 percent. The share of fuel oil and diesel increased significantly to 7.5 percent when compared to the previous year’s share of only 1.9 percent.
Industrial energy intensity increased by 6.7 percent from 57.2 toe/RM million of GDP in 2010 to 61.1 toe/RM million of GDP in 2011. Malaysia’s final energy intensity improved from 61.3 toe/RM million in 2010 to 61.1 toe/RM million, equivalent to a reduction of 0.3 percent.
The National Energy Balance (NEB) report shows that, generally over the years, Malaysia’s demand for energy has been rising with our economic growth, although our final energy intensity has improved since 2002. In addressing this increasing energy demand challenge, more market-based mechanisms need to be introduced to incentivise optimal resource allocation as well as further improve energy efficiency and supply security.
Reliable monitoring and projection of energy supply and consumption by the government and industry becomes indispensable for sound decision making. In this regard, accurate and timely national energy statistics of the NEB report is indeed the foundation for developing sound national energy policies. They will enable us to initiate and implement relevant and timely policy initiatives to meet our future energy demand requirements.
I wish to thank all relevant government agencies, power utilities, independent power producers, oil and gas companies, coal producers, cement and iron and steel manufacturers, and others, for your continuing support in the publication of the NEB.
Thank you.
YB DATUK SERI PANGLIMA DR. MAXIMUS JOHNITY ONGKILIMinister of Energy, Green Technology and WaterMalaysia
On the demand side, final energy demand increased by 4.8 percent, from 41,476 ktoe in 2010 to 43,455 ktoe in 2011. This increase in final energy demand was mainly attributed to the non-energy sector which consumed about 14.7 percent of the total final energy demand.
5Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Introduction
This 2nd publication of the National Energy Balance (NEB) report by the Energy Commission (ST) is a reflection of the added responsibility of being the main reference point for energy data in Malaysia apart from its roles as the nation’s regulator of electricity and piped gas supplies. This report is a complete statistical publication for energy supply and demand of the nation, and is based on an energy balance format using similar energy units for all the reported data.
The NEB provides not only historical and statistical data on energy supply and demand, but also has energy indicators which show the performance of the energy sector in the country. The report covers three major areas, namely the Energy Supply, Transformation and Final Use, and includes natural gas, crude oil, petroleum products, coal and coke, electricity, hydropower and renewable energy.
As the focal point for energy data for Malaysia, ST has made collaborative arrangements, to provide monthly, quarterly and annual energy data to the relevant agencies such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), International Energy Forum Secretariat (IEFS), The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE). Additionally, ST also contributes annually to the ASEAN Energy Outlook Report, which is jointly prepared under Energy Supply Security Planning for ASEAN (ESSPA), an area of cooperation between IEEJ and ACE.
To ensure accurate, reliable and up-to-date data for the policy makers and other stakeholders of the energy sector, ST has undertaken various efforts towards strengthening relationships with data providers as it will be important to get their cooperation. Activities such as workshops, dialogue sessions and site visits have been regularly conducted with these entities, to identify and resolve issues pertaining to the gathering of energy data and statistics.
In this publication, efforts have been made to enhance the NEB coverage and scope by putting in renewable energy sources and presenting energy consumption by subsectors. Also included is data for biodiesel used in the transport sector.
The public can access the Malaysian Energy Information Hub (MEIH) to obtain historical data of energy demand and supply from 1978 till the present. The data can be downloaded in PDF or Excel format.
In 2013, we hope to integrate the data input system in the MEIH website, so as to enable all data providers of NEB to submit the data online through the MEIH website. This will improve data accuracy by minimising human error during the process of data entry by data providers.
I wish to express our gratitude to the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water and all data providers for their support and contributions towards the preparation of this NEB report.
Thank you.
TAN SRI DATUK DR. AHMAD TAJUDDIN BIN ALIChairman of Energy CommissionMalaysia
6 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Data Compilation
The first stage in compiling the overall balance is to rearrange the data to fit into a standard structure of commodity (or partial) balance. The commodity balance shows clearly the production, imports, exports, stock change and demand for each energy commodity. The basic sequence adhered to in the overall balance is:-
Production + Imports - Exports +/- Stock change = Apparent inland deliveries (or consumption)
In practice, however, “Apparent inland deliveries” deduced from supply statistics hardly ever match actual sales data. It is necessary, therefore, to include two “statistical discrepancies” - the first to account for the difference in apparent inland delivery of primary supply mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining actual stock change data and difference in data compilation at source and the second to account for the difference in secondary supply as the result of the transformation processes of one form of energy to another.
In addition, the statistical discrepancy also acts as a balancing tool to minimize possible errors. In the case of oil and oil products, losses in transportation and distribution, as well as statistical errors are included in the statistical discrepancy. However, for electricity, distribution losses and the sector’s own use of electricity are accounted for in the “losses and own use”.
Stock changes are not fully accounted for in the balance. It is extremely difficult to obtain stocks of all energy commodities at distributors and final users. Only oil companies’ stocks were readily available and these would include stocks at refineries and depots. The statistical discrepancy might thus also include unrecorded stock changes. Coal stocks at TNB power stations and a producer in Sarawak are taken into account.
In summary, the flow of energy is represented by the following equations:-
Primary Energy Supply = Production + Imports - Exports - Bunkers +/- Stock Change
Energy Demand = Gross inland consumption = Final energy consumption + Consumption of the energy transformation sector + Distribution losses + Non-energy consumption
Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
7Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Energy Overview
The Malaysian economy recorded a steady pace of growth of 5.1 percent in 2011, despite the challenging international economic environment. Growth was lower in the first half of the year, particularly in the second quarter, as the economy was affected by the overall weakness in the advanced economies and the disruptions in the global manufacturing supply chain arising from the natural disaster in Japan. Although the global economic environment became increasingly more challenging and uncertain in the second half of the year, Malaysia’s economic growth improved due to stronger domestic demand.
With the positive and strong economic growth, Malaysia’s energy supply and demand also rose in tandem. Total primary energy supply and final energy demand recorded a growth of 3.2 percent and 4.8 percent respectively when compared with that of the previous year. The lower growth rates of final energy demand compared with GDP indicates that Malaysia used energy more efficiently.
Primary Energy Supply
The Malaysian total primary energy supply in 2011 was recorded at 79,289 ktoe, a 3.2 percent growth from the previous year (2010: 3.0 percent). The growth was attributed to the higher imports of energy in order to meet local demand. The highest increase of imports was observed for natural gas as it recorded an increase of 26.3 percent to settle at 6,979 ktoe. The total increase of primary energy supply was attributed to the lower total exports of energy, as it declined by 6.6 percent to settle at 49,142 ktoe. This high drop was due to the lower export of crude oil which declined by 33.4 percent in 2011 compared to that in the previous year to register at 11,404 ktoe.
In 2011, the total crude oil and condensates production posted a decrease of 1.8 percent from that of 2010 to 28,325 ktoe or 569.8 thousand barrels per day. This was due to major scheduled maintenance and shutdown programmes that were carried out during this period, involving over 70 fields and 10 pipelines. These shutdowns were planned to coincide with tie-in work for new field development facilities that are expected to come on-stream in the next few years. Natural gas production
remained stable, averaging at 7,299 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) compared to 7,476 mmscfd in the previous year. A slight decrease was recorded for Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah with 13.2 percent and 3.2 percent negative growth rates respectively. Overall, the production of oil and gas was maintained by the addition of three new gas fields (Cilipadi, F9 and Melor & Laho) and three new oil fields (Dana, East Piatu and Sepat) that were brought on-stream in 2011. This increased the total number of producing fields in Malaysia to 124, comprising 76 oil fields and 48 gas fields.
The primary supply of crude oil was at 24,679 ktoe in 2011, an increase of 9.7 percent from 22,487 ktoe in 2010. The increase was mainly due to higher imports and lower exports during the 2011 period. The primary supply of natural gas which stood at 35,740 ktoe in 2011 is an increase of 0.8 percent from the 2010 level of 35,447 ktoe. The increase was mainly due to higher imports of natural gas in 2010. The primary supply of coal and coke in the country was stable at 14,772 ktoe in 2011 compared to 14,777 ktoe in 2010. Higher imports of coal and coke in 2011, which increased by 5.5 percent, was recorded in line with the increase in local demand especially from the power sector. In 2011, the primary supply of hydropower energy recorded an increase of 17.3 percent to 1,850 ktoe. This was due to the commissioning of Bakun Hydro that generated 300 MW in 3Q 2011 and 750 MW in 4Q 2011.
As of 1st January 2011, Malaysia’s crude oil reserves stood at 5.858 billion barrels compared to 5.799 billion barrels in the previous year. This increase was due mainly from Peninsular Malaysia totalling 2.374 billion barrels compared to that in the previous year at 2.061 billion barrels. Meanwhile, as of 1st January 2011, Malaysia’s natural gas reserves increased to 89.988 trillion standard cubic feet (tscf), from the 2010 level of 88.587 tscf. PETRONAS made two gas discoveries in the shallow water areas offshore of the west coast of Sabah. The first discovery was via the Zuhal East-1 well, which is located in the Samarang Asam Paya Block about 130 km southwest of Kota Kinabalu. The well was spudded in at a water depth of 38 m and reached a total depth of 2,336 m to confirm the presence of significant gas-bearing reservoirs. The current estimate of gas-initially-in-place is about 550 billion standard cubic feet (bscf).
Executive Summary
8 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Energy Transformation
The total oil refineries production in 2011 was recorded at 23,867 ktoe, an increase of 12.5 percent compared to the previous year (2010: 21,207 ktoe). All major petroleum products showed an upward trend except for Petrol, LPG and Kerosene. Of the total production, Diesel took up the highest share (37.4 percent), followed by Non-Energy (19.1 percent), Petrol (15.1 percent), ATF and AV GAS (14.5 percent), Refinery Gas (6.9 percent), LPG (2.8 percent), Fuel Oil (2.4 percent) and Kerosene (1.8 percent). Currently, Malaysia’s total refinery capacity is 492 thousand barrels per day, excluding the condensates splitter capacity of 74.3 thousand barrels per day.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) production from the Gas Processing Plant (GPP) increased to 2,434 ktoe compared to the previous level of 2,299 ktoe. The LPG production from the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants recorded a more than double drop to 214 ktoe in 2011 compared to the previous year’s level of 451 ktoe. The Middle Distillate Synthesis (MDS) plant output also showed a downward trend of 20.9 percent to settle at 359 ktoe compared to the previous year’s level of 454 ktoe. The petroleum products from MDS plant consisted of 70.2 percent Non-Energy products, 20.6 percent Diesel and 9.2 percent Kerosene.
Electricity
Malaysia’s total installed electricity generation capacity as of 31st December 2011 was at 28,749 MW. Peninsular Malaysia had about 84.3 percent of the total, followed by Sarawak at 9.0 percent and Sabah at 6.7 percent. An additional 750 MW of major hydro capacities were recorded for 2011 in Sarawak. Gross electricity generation registered 123,561 GWh, an increase of 14.2 percent from the previous year (2010: 108,175 GWh). The electricity consumption was 107,330 GWh, an increase of 2.7 percent from the previous year (2010: 104,521 GWh). The peak demand for Peninsular Malaysia of 15,476 MW was recorded in the second quarter of the year (2Q 2011), while in Sarawak it was at 1,214 MW (in 3Q 2011) and in Sabah it was at 830 MW (2Q 2011). The calculated reserve margin for Peninsular Malaysia was 37.0 percent, 66.8 percent for Sarawak and 40.7 percent for Sabah.
In 2011, the total energy or fuel input to power stations increased by 0.8 percent to 27,924 ktoe. The biggest drop was
observed for Natural Gas, as it decreased by 13.1 percent from the 2010 level at 12,628 ktoe to 10,977 ktoe in 2011. In order to meet the local demand, the power industry shifted to diesel and fuel oil. As a result, Fuel Oil and Diesel inputs in power station increased significantly by 782.4 percent and 136.4 percent respectively. Analysis by fuel share showed that Coal and Coke are the main fuel sources for electricity generation with 46.6 percent of the total fuel inputs, followed by Natural Gas at 39.3 percent, Hydropower at 6.6 percent, Fuel Oil at 4.0 percent and Diesel at 3.5 percent.
The total electricity consumption in the country remained robust with a growth rate of 2.7 percent. The agriculture sector showed the highest growth with 9.6 percent, followed by commercial at 4.8 percent and the remaining residential and industrial sectors both grew at 1.7 percent. The industrial sector was the main consumer of electricity in Malaysia with its share of 43.9 percent of the total consumption in 2011. This was followed by the commercial sector at 34.3 percent, residential sector at 21.4 percent, agriculture sector at 0.3 percent and transport sector at 0.2 percent.
Final Energy Demand
Total final energy demand in 2011 experienced an increase of 4.8 percent from the previous year to register at 43,455 ktoe. The increase was attributed to the high demand from the non-energy sector which grew 72.5 percent to settle at 6,377 ktoe. This was followed by the residential sector’s demand growth of 4.2 percent. Demand from the transport sector also increased in 2011 by 1.4 percent to 17,070 ktoe. Analysis showed that the transport sector was still the main consumer of energy in the country with a share of 39.3 percent. This was followed by the industrial sector at 27.8 percent, non-energy sector at 14.7 percent, commercial sector at 9.7 percent, residential sector at 6.4 percent and the agriculture sector at 2.1 percent.
In 2011, the industrial GDP of Malaysia registered a positive growth of 2.7 percent compared to the previous year, with growth mainly coming from the manufacturing and construction sectors. In terms of energy efficiency, Malaysia’s industrial energy intensity for 2011 was 61.3 toe/RM million, an increase of 6.7 percent from the previous year’s intensity.
The total final energy demand by type of fuels shows that Petroleum Products constituted about 55.1 percent of total
9Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
energy demand, followed by Electricity at 21.3 percent, Natural Gas at 19.6 percent and Coal and Coke at 4.0 percent. All fuels experienced demand growth in 2011, except for Coal and Coke and total Petroleum Products. Natural Gas demand recorded the highest growth rate with 36.2 percent, followed by Electricity at 2.7 percent growth. Coal and Coke final demand decreased by 3.7 percent to 1,759 ktoe. Total demand for Petroleum Products also experienced a similar trend with a negative growth rate of 1.9 percent to register at 23,946 ktoe.
Final Demand for Petroleum Products
In 2011, the total final energy demand for Petroleum Products declined by 2.0 percent with the major drop coming from the Petrol and Fuel Oil. Final demand for Petrol dropped by 14.7 percent whilst demand for Fuel Oil and LPG decreased by 13.4 percent and 1.0 percent respectively. In terms of share, Diesel (36.4 percent) and Petrol (34.1 percent) continued to be the largest contributors to the total demand for Petroleum Products. This was followed by LPG (12.1 percent), ATF and AV GAS (10.7 percent), Non-Energy (4.9 percent), Fuel Oil (1.7 percent) and Kerosene (0.1 percent).
Outlook in 2012
Amid the more challenging external environment, Malaysia’s economy is projected to experience a steady pace of growth of 4 – 5 percent in 2012. Domestic demand is expected to remain resilient and will continue to be the anchor for growth. The global oil and gas sector is expected to remain exciting in 2012, driven by dynamic business drivers such as oil price, energy demand outlook, global economic recovery and geopolitical uncertainties. Global oil demand is still projected to grow at a revised rate of 1.2 percent in 2012 compared to 1.5 percent in 2011. This downward revision is primarily attributed to weaker demand from Europe as well as higher oil prices. The majority of global oil demand growth will be from the emerging economies, with China contributing 25 percent of this growth in 2012. As for the power sector, the Government in 2011 passed the Renewable Energy (RE) Act, and launched a roadmap to increase the contribution of RE to the electricity generation mix from less than 1 percent currently to 5.5 percent by 2015. Under the Act, a Feed-in Tariff (FiT) mechanism will be implemented in December 2011, to be paid for by contributions of 1 percent of consumer electricity bills into an RE fund.
10 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
11Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Key Economic and Energy Data
Table 1 : Key Economic and Energy Data
Table 2 : Key Economic and Energy Data by Region
Figure 1 : Trends in GDP, Primary Energy
Supply and Final Energy Demand
Figure 2 : Primary Energy Supply, Electricity Demand and
Final Energy Demand per Capita
Figure 3 : Trends in GDP and Electricity Consumption
Figure 4 : Annual Growth Rates of GDP, Final Energy
Demand and Electricity Demand
Figure 5 : Final Energy Intensity
Figure 6 : Final Electricity Intensity
Figure 7 : Final Elasticity
Figure 8 : Primary Energy Supply
Figure 9 : Final Energy Demand by Sectors
Figure 10 : Final Energy Demand by Type of Fuels
Figure 11 : Official Selling Prices of Malaysian Crude Oil
Figure 12 : Ex-Singapore Prices of Major Petroleum
Products
Figure 13 : Annual Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Contract Prices – Arab Gulf
Figure 14 : Retail Fuel Prices in Malaysia
Figure 15 : Average Annual Natural Gas Price in Malaysia
Figure 16 : Final Energy Demand per Capita in ASEAN
Figure 17 : Final Energy Intensity in ASEAN
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Table 1: Key Economic and Energy Data
Key Economic and Energy Data
2011
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Total
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)* 170,667 174,887 181,357 184,440 711,351
GDP at current prices (RM million)* 211,394 217,956 224,687 230,419 884,456
GNI at 2005 prices (RM million)* 159,292 162,709 171,687 173,206 666,894
GNI at current prices (RM million)* 205,432 211,274 220,931 225,013 862,650
Population ('000 people)** 28,870 28,964 29,057 29,151 28,964
Primary Energy Supply (ktoe) 19,568 19,263 20,043 20,414 79,289
Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 10,506 11,043 11,215 10,692 43,455
Electricity Demand (ktoe) 2,171 2,377 2,382 2,305 9,235
Electricity Demand (GWh) 25,232 27,626 27,684 26,789 107,331
Per Capita
GDP (at 2005 prices, RM million)* 5,912 6,038 6,241 6,327 24,560
Primary Energy Supply (toe) 0.678 0.665 0.690 0.700 2.737
Final Energy Demand (toe) 0.364 0.381 0.386 0.367 1.500
Electricity Demand (kWh) 874 954 953 919 3,706
Energy Intensity
Primary Energy Supply (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million))
114.7 110.1 110.5 110.7 111.5
Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million))
61.6 63.1 61.8 58.0 61.1
Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices(RM million))
12.7 13.6 13.1 12.5 13.0
Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices(RM million))
0.148 0.158 0.153 0.145 0.151
Note(*) : Quarterly data from Department of Statistics Malaysia(**) : Mid-year population from Department of Statistics Malaysia
13Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 2: Key Economic and Energy Data by Region
Peninsular Malaysia 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 459,893 486,659 517,780 544,320 534,023 577,044 606,634*
Population ('000 people)** 21,075 21,370 21,662 21,951 22,241 22,656 23,132
Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 32,195 34,390 37,921 38,530 34,521 35,593 35,970
Electricity Demand (ktoe) 6,366 6,669 7,030 7,307 7,567 8,145 8,427
Electricity Demand (GWh) 73,987 77,504 81,710 84,924 87,950 94,666 97,939
Per Capita
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 21,822 22,773 23,903 24,797 24,011 25,470 26,225
Final Energy Demand (toe) 1.528 1.609 1.751 1.755 1.552 1.571 1.555
Electricity Demand (kWh) 3,511 3,627 3,772 3,869 3,955 4,178 4,234
Energy Intensity
Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 70.0 70.7 73.2 70.8 64.6 61.7 59.3
Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.4 14.2 14.1 13.9
Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 0.161 0.159 0.158 0.156 0.165 0.164 0.161
Sabah 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 30,594 32,059 33,365 35,808 37,215 38,173 40,131*
Population ('000 people)** 3,076 3,099 3,125 3,154 3,184 3,207 3,316
Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 2,806 2,587 2,879 3,068 3,046 2,758 3,465
Electricity Demand (ktoe) 238 255 285 299 329 355 368
Electricity Demand (GWh) 2,766 2,969 3,317 3,474 3,818 4,127 4,275
Per Capita
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 9,947 10,345 10,676 11,353 11,689 11,904 12,101
Final Energy Demand (toe) 0.912 0.835 0.921 0.973 0.957 0.860 1.045
Electricity Demand (kWh) 899 958 1,061 1,102 1,199 1,287 1,289
Energy Intensity
Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 91.7 80.7 86.3 85.7 81.9 72.3 86.3
Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 7.8 8.0 8.6 8.3 8.8 9.3 9.2
Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 0.090 0.093 0.099 0.097 0.103 0.108 0.107
Sarawak 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 53,091 55,218 58,942 59,437 58,647 61,436 64,586*
Population ('000 people)** 2,327 2,363 2,399 2,435 2,471 2,507 2,516
Final Energy Demand (ktoe) 3,274 3,330 3,461 3,302 3,277 3,125 4,019
Electricity Demand (ktoe) 339 348 368 380 391 493 440
Electricity Demand (GWh) 3,940 4,045 4,277 4,416 4,544 5,730 5,116
Per Capita
GDP at 2005 prices (RM million) 22,820 23,371 24,569 24,409 23,735 24,511 25,668
Final Energy Demand (toe) 1.407 1.409 1.443 1.356 1.326 1.247 1.597
Electricity Demand (kWh) 1,694 1,712 1,783 1,814 1,839 2,286 2,033
Energy Intensity
Final Energy Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 61.7 60.3 58.7.0 55.6 55.9 50.9 62.2
Electricity Demand (toe/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.7 8.0 6.8
Electricity Demand (GWh/GDP at 2005 prices (RM million)) 0.074 0.073 0.073 0.074 0.077 0.093 0.079
Note(*) : Estimated based on data from Department of Statistics Malaysia(**) : Mid-year population from Department of Statistics Malaysia
14 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1990
Year
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y Su
pp
ly (k
toe)
21,4
7126
,335
29,2
9129
,925
31,6
6233
,879
37,8
4043
,173
40,9
9644
,534
50,7
1051
,979
53,1
9657
,565
62,8
3666
,211
67,0
2172
,389
76,0
3274
,583
76,8
0979
,289
13,1
4614
,563
16,1
8517
,728
19,2
8722
,164
24,1
8126
,167
25,5
5827
,228
29,6
9931
,515
33,2
8934
,586
37,3
2338
,285
38,5
6741
,606
41,9
6840
,845
41,4
7643
,455
217,
047
237,
766
258,
891
284,
509
310,
718
341,
258
375,
393
402,
882
373,
231
396,
140
431,
234
433,
466
456,
834
483,
278
516,
061
543,
578
573,
936
610,
087
639,
565
629,
885
676,
653
711,
351
100,
000
10,0
00
20,0
00
30,0
00
40,0
00
50,0
00
60,0
00
70,0
00
80,0
00
90,0
00
200,
000
300,
000
400,
000
500,
000
600,
000
700,
000
800,
000
RM
Mill
ion
(at
2005
pri
ces)
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
(kto
e)
GD
P a
t 20
05 P
rice
s (R
M m
illio
n)*
Figu
re 1
: Tr
ends
in G
DP,
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y S
uppl
y an
d Fi
nal E
nerg
y D
eman
d
Not
e:
i) P
rim
ary
Ene
rgy
Sup
ply
does
not
incl
ude
Ren
ewab
le E
nerg
y (R
E)
exce
pt H
ydro
pow
er
Sou
rce:
i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
15Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
toe
kWh
1990
Ele
ctri
city
Dem
and
per
Cap
ita
(kW
h)1,
101
1,17
81,
358
1,46
01,
700
1,90
22,
080
2,35
92,
406
2,47
22,
603
2,69
52,
783
2,89
82,
980
3,04
83,
150
3,28
53,
370
3,45
23,
700
3,70
6
1.19
1.39
1.54
1.53
1.58
1.64
1.79
2.00
1.85
1.97
2.16
2.15
2.15
2.27
2.43
2.50
2.50
2.66
2.76
2.67
2.72
2.74
0.73
0.77
0.85
0.91
0.96
1.07
1.15
1.21
1.16
1.20
1.26
1.31
1.35
1.37
1.44
1.45
1.44
1.53
1.52
1.46
1.47
1.50
0.50
500
1,00
0
1,50
0
2,00
0
2,50
0
3,00
0
3,50
0
4,00
0
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y Su
pp
lyp
er C
apit
a (t
oe)
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
per
Cap
ita
(to
e)
Sou
rce:
i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
Figu
re 2
: P
rim
ary
Ene
rgy
Sup
ply,
Ele
ctri
city
Dem
and
and
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
per
Cap
ita
16 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 3
: Tr
ends
in G
DP
and
Ele
ctri
city
Con
sum
ptio
n
1990
GD
P a
t 20
05 P
rice
s ( R
M M
illio
n)21
7,04
823
7,76
625
8,89
228
4,50
831
0,71
734
1,25
837
5,39
440
2,88
337
3,23
339
6,14
043
1,23
443
3,46
645
6,83
448
3,27
851
6,06
154
3,57
857
3,93
661
0,08
763
9,56
562
9,88
567
6,65
371
1,35
1
19,9
3222
,373
25,7
7828
,474
34,0
7639
,225
43,8
9750
,952
53,1
9555
,961
61,1
6865
,015
68,8
2773
,371
77,1
9580
,705
84,5
1789
,294
92,8
1596
,302
104,
519
107,
331
50,0
00
35,0
00
25,0
00
15,0
00
45,0
00
55,0
00
65,0
00
75,0
00
85,0
00
95,0
00
105,
000
115,
000
150,
000
250,
000
350,
000
450,
000
550,
000
650,
000
750,
000
RM
Mill
ion
(at
2005
pri
ces)
GW
h
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ele
ctri
city
Dem
and
(GW
h)
Sou
rce:
i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
17Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1990
GD
P a
t 20
05 P
rice
s9.
019.
558.
889.
909.
219.
8310
.00
7.32
(7.3
6)6.
148.
860.
525.
395.
796.
785.
335.
586.
304.
83(1
.51)
7.42
5.13
8.70
10.7
811
.14
9.53
8.79
14.9
29.
108.
21(2
.33)
6.53
9.08
6.11
5.63
3.90
7.91
2.58
0.74
7.88
0.87
(2.6
8)1.
544.
77
9.70
12.2
415
.22
10.4
619
.67
15.1
111
.91
16.0
74.
405.
209.
306.
295.
866.
605.
214.
554.
725.
653.
943.
768.
532.
69
(10)
(15)(5)-510152025(%)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
Ele
ctri
city
Dem
and
Figu
re 4
: A
nnua
l Gro
wth
Rat
es o
f G
DP,
Fin
al E
nerg
y D
eman
d an
d E
lect
rici
ty D
eman
d
Sou
rce:
i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
18 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 5
: Fi
nal E
nerg
y In
tens
ity 19
90
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Inte
nsit
y(t
oe
/ R
M M
illio
n at
200
5 P
rice
s)*
60.5
761
.25
62.5
262
.31
62.0
764
.95
64.4
264
.95
68.4
868
.73
68.8
772
.70
72.8
771
.57
72.3
270
.43
67.2
068
.20
65.6
264
.85
61.3
061
.09
49.4
352
.37
56.2
259
.68
58.1
057
.92
59.0
758
.91
63.6
057
.91
58.4
362
.45
64.9
062
.15
62.7
462
.80
61.9
564
.68
63.2
363
.89
57.2
461
.08
47.0
0
49.0
0
51.0
0
53.0
0
55.0
0
57.0
0
59.0
0
61.0
0
63.0
0
65.0
0
67.0
0
69.0
0
71.0
0
73.0
0
45.0
0
75.0
0
toe
/ R
M M
illio
n(a
t 20
05 p
rice
s)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ind
ustr
ial E
nerg
y In
tens
ity
(to
e /
RM
Mill
ion
at 2
005
Pri
ces)
**
Not
e:
In
tens
ity
= Q
uant
ity
of e
nerg
y re
quir
ed p
er u
nit
outp
ut o
r ac
tivi
ty
(*)
: Fi
nal E
nerg
y D
eman
d / G
DP
at
20
05
pri
ces
(*
*) :
Indu
stri
al E
nerg
y D
eman
d / I
ndus
tria
l GD
P a
t 2
00
5 p
rice
s
Sou
rce:
i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
19Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 6
: E
lect
rici
ty I
nten
sity
GW
h /
RM
Mill
ion
(at
2005
pri
ces)
toe
/ R
M M
illio
n(a
t 20
05 p
rice
s)
Ele
ctri
city
Inte
nsit
y (t
oe/
GD
P
at 2
005
Pri
ces
(RM
Mill
ion)
)*7.
98.
18.
68.
69.
49.
910
.110
.912
.312
.212
.212
.913
.013
.112
.912
.812
.712
.612
.513
.213
.313
.0
0.09
20.
094
0.10
00.
100
0.11
00.
115
0.11
70.
126
0.14
30.
141
0.14
20.
150
0.15
10.
152
0.15
00.
148
0.14
70.
146
0.14
50.
153
0.15
50.
151
Ele
ctri
city
Inte
nsit
y (G
Wh/
GD
Pat
200
5 P
rice
s (R
M M
illio
n))*
*
1990
0.02
02.
0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
0.04
0
0.06
0
0.08
0
0.10
0
0.12
0
0.14
0
0.16
0
0.18
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Not
e:
Inte
nsit
y = Q
uant
ity
of e
nerg
y re
quir
ed p
er u
nit
outp
ut o
r ac
tivi
ty
(*)
: E
lect
rici
ty I
nten
sity
(to
e/ R
M M
illio
n G
DP
) at
20
05
pri
ces
(*
*) :
Ele
ctri
city
Int
ensi
ty (
GW
h/R
M M
illio
n G
DP
) at
20
05
pri
ces
Sou
rces
: i)
D
epar
tmen
t of
Sta
tist
ics
Mal
aysi
aii)
TN
B,
SE
SB
, S
EB
and
IP
Ps
iii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
20 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Ela
stic
ity
0.97
1.13
1.25
0.96
0.95
1.52
0.91
1.12
0.32
1.06
1.02
11.8
11.
040.
671.
170.
480.
131.
250.
181.
770.
22
1.08
1.28
1.71
1.06
2.14
1.54
1.19
2.19
(0.6
0)0.
851.
0512
.15
1.09
1.14
0.77
0.85
0.85
0.90
0.82
(2.4
8)1.
19
0.94
0.53
Ele
ctri
city
Ela
stic
ity
1990
(2.0
0)
(4.0
0)-
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.0
0
12.0
0
14.0
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figu
re 7
: Fi
nal E
nerg
y an
d E
lect
rici
ty E
last
icit
y
Not
e:
1
. Fi
nal E
nerg
y E
last
icit
y is
a r
atio
bet
wee
n gr
owth
s of
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
and
econ
omic
gro
wth
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Ela
stic
ity
= G
row
th R
ate
of E
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
(%)
G
row
th R
ate
of G
DP
(%
) 2
. E
lect
rici
ty E
last
icit
y is
a r
atio
bet
wee
n gr
owth
s of
ele
ctri
city
con
sum
ptio
n an
d ec
onom
ic g
row
th
E
lect
rici
ty E
last
icit
y = G
row
th R
ate
of E
lect
rici
ty C
onsu
mpt
ion
(%)
G
row
th R
ate
of G
DP
(%
)
21Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 8
: P
rim
ary
Ene
rgy
Sup
ply kto
e
12,4
2913
,606
15,2
7315
,951
16,0
5516
,767
19,3
5321
,720
19,0
5119
,450
20,2
4221
,673
22,1
2423
,936
25,2
5324
,096
23,2
4025
,381
24,4
5326
,482
25,0
0826
,927
Cru
de
Oil,
Pet
role
um P
rod
ucts
and
Oth
ers
1990
Hyd
rop
ow
er91
51,
053
997
1,26
21,
652
1,54
01,
243
790
1,11
31,
668
1,61
21,
687
1,32
91,
056
1,32
91,
313
1,56
71,
522
1,96
41,
627
1,57
71,
850
1,32
61,
564
1,64
01,
352
1,56
31,
612
1,67
71,
622
1,73
11,
940
2,48
62,
970
3,62
45,
316
7,10
96,
889
7,29
98,
848
9,78
210
,623
14,7
7714
,772
6,80
110
,112
11,3
8111
,360
12,3
9213
,960
15,5
6719
,041
19,1
0121
,476
26,3
7025
,649
26,1
0127
,257
29,1
4533
,913
34,9
1736
,639
39,2
8935
,851
35,4
4735
,740
40,0
00
30,0
00
20,0
00
10,0
00 0
50,0
00
60,0
00
70,0
00
80,0
00
90,0
00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Co
al a
nd C
oke
Nat
ural
Gas
Sou
rce:
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
, oi
l and
gas
com
pani
es,
pow
er u
tilit
ies,
IP
Ps,
cem
ent,
iron
and
ste
el m
anuf
actu
rers
22 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 9
: Fi
nal E
nerg
y D
eman
d by
Sec
tors
5,30
05,
835
6,45
57,
012
7,28
38,
060
9,83
810
,106
10,1
2110
,277
11,4
0611
,852
12,8
5413
,472
14,9
1415
,492
15,2
4816
,454
16,2
0514
,312
12,9
2812
,100
Ind
ustr
ial
kto
e
5,38
65,
806
6,22
66,
558
7,26
27,
827
8,95
110
,201
9,79
311
,393
12,0
7113
,137
13,4
4214
,271
15,3
8515
,384
14,8
1915
,717
16,3
9516
,119
16,8
2817
,070
Tran
spo
rt
1990
Ag
ricu
ltur
e0
130
391
6242
244
648
649
030
710
610
498
9698
8710
125
326
528
721
11,
074
916
838
1,07
11,
222
2,02
71,
817
1,99
41,
744
2,29
82,
023
1,79
92,
250
2,37
82,
511
2,34
52,
183
2,17
32,
819
2,95
82,
876
3,86
83,
696
6,37
7
1,62
21,
721
1,89
12,
069
2,50
22,
837
3,16
23,
073
3,31
43,
653
3,86
84,
048
4,38
74,
399
4,75
45,
134
5,43
06,
212
6,20
56,
336
6,95
16,
993
25,0
00
20,0
00
15,0
00
5,00
0
10,0
00 0
30,0
00
35,0
00
40,0
00
45,0
00
50,0
00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
No
n -
Ene
rgy
Use
Res
iden
tial
and
Co
mm
erci
al
Sou
rce:
i)
O
il an
d ga
s co
mpa
nies
, TN
B,
SE
SB
, S
EB
, IP
Ps,
cem
ent,
iron
and
ste
el m
anuf
actu
rers
ii) N
atio
nal E
nerg
y B
alan
ce 2
01
0
23Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 1
0:
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
by T
ype
of F
uels
kto
e
9,82
510
,914
11,9
2713
,075
13,8
9416
,142
17,2
0318
,578
17,4
8818
,782
19,5
8220
,323
20,6
3821
,175
22,8
8623
,012
22,3
9424
, 852
24,4
5124
,145
24,4
0323
,946
Pet
role
um P
rod
ucts
and
Oth
ers
1990
Co
al a
nd C
oke
513
599
672
487
598
712
727
740
767
608
991
977
1,08
61,
212
1,30
51,
348
1,33
51,
361
1,71
31,
613
1,82
61,
759
1,06
91,
099
1,34
41,
701
1,66
01,
654
2,07
92,
465
2,72
63,
032
3,86
24,
620
5,64
25,
886
6,49
06,
981
7,56
27,
709
7,81
86,
802
6,25
48,
515
1,71
51,
925
2,21
82,
450
2,93
23,
375
3,77
74,
384
4,57
74,
815
5,26
35,
594
5,92
26,
313
6,64
26,
944
7,27
27,
683
7,98
68,
286
8,99
39,
241
25,0
00
20,0
00
15,0
00
10,0
00
5,00
0 0
30,0
00
35,0
00
40,0
00
45,0
00
50,0
00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Nat
ural
Gas
Ele
ctri
city
Sou
rce:
i)
Oil
and
gas
com
pani
es,
TNB
, S
ES
B,
SE
B,
IPP
s, c
emen
t, ir
on a
nd s
teel
man
ufac
ture
rsii)
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
20
10
24 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 1
1:
Offi
cial
Sel
ling
Pri
ces
of M
alay
sian
Cru
de O
il
Mir
i Lig
ht C
rud
e23
.56
21.1
720
.68
18.9
117
.20
18.4
322
.18
21.2
813
.83
18.9
530
.25
25.0
625
.52
30.6
041
.84
57.7
169
.56
78.9
610
2.79
64.9
779
.51
117.
90
23.0
620
.67
20.1
818
.46
16.9
018
.06
21.8
920
.78
13.4
829
.95
29.9
524
.78
25.5
230
.33
41.5
457
.43
69.2
878
.66
102.
4964
.67
79.2
111
7.57
Bin
tulu
Cru
de
Tere
ngg
anu
Co
nden
sate
22.7
620
.37
19.8
818
.26
16.4
517
.33
21.0
819
.98
12.6
117
.76
30.2
923
.86
24.3
229
.40
40.6
456
.51
68.6
677
.91
101.
5963
.77
78.3
111
5.15
19.1
026
.35
20.2
018
.25
15.0
017
.36
19.7
925
.13
14.8
011
.14
29.0
923
.96
24.4
229
.50
40.7
456
.61
68.4
577
.92
101.
6963
.87
78.4
111
6.77
Bin
tulu
Co
nden
sate
Dul
ang
0.00
0.00
21.1
519
.20
15.4
018
.16
20.3
025
.66
15.5
711
.84
29.1
824
.68
25.2
329
.99
41.1
757
.41
68.9
678
.59
102.
4964
.67
79.2
111
7.57
1990
Tap
is B
lend
23.8
621
.47
20.9
819
.11
17.3
018
.53
22.2
821
.18
13.8
118
.95
30.2
525
.06
25.5
230
.60
41.8
457
.71
69.5
678
.96
102.
7964
.97
79.5
111
7.10
23.7
621
.37
20.8
819
.11
17.4
018
.63
22.3
821
.33
13.8
418
.95
30.2
525
.06
25.5
230
.60
41.8
457
.71
69.5
678
.96
102.
7964
.97
79.5
111
7.89
20406080100
120
140
USD
/ B
arre
l
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Lab
uan
Cru
de
Sou
rce:
PE
TRO
NA
S
25Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 1
2:
Ex-
Sin
gapo
re P
rice
s of
Maj
or P
etro
leum
Pro
duct
s
28.0
833
.25
47.6
967
.99
80.7
211
0.50
53.9
087
.25
104.
3012
1.64
24.9
330
.14
40.8
251
.04
61.1
393
.98
29.9
080
.72
95.9
199
.90
Ker
ose
ne
Nap
htha
Pet
rol (
ULG
95)
28.0
434
.69
47.2
362
.38
73.2
010
4.05
39.2
586
.55
103.
1511
7.00
27.5
532
.46
45.9
264
.35
76.9
310
3.74
39.3
286
.60
103.
1711
7.00
23.6
325
.72
34.2
728
.32
28.3
223
.75
32.6
427
.43
32.4
827
.32
25.8
221
.78
28.1
540
.32
48.8
474
.60
31.4
075
.30
78.4
010
4.10
-
20.0
0
40.0
0
60.0
0
80.0
0
100.
00
120.
00
140.
00
USD
/ B
arre
l
2002
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
Sou
rce:
Ene
rgy
Com
mis
sion
26 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 1
3:
Ann
ual L
ique
fied
Pet
role
um G
as (
LPG
) C
ontr
act
Pri
ces
– A
rab
Gul
f
1990
Pro
pan
e15
518
616
714
012
917
820
421
012
619
129
926
924
428
834
843
051
085
834
072
070
577
0
156
182
179
147
140
183
207
222
134
190
299
239
238
278
355
442
514
887
335
730
680
820
300
200
100 -
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,00
0
USD
/ M
etri
c To
nne 19
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
11
But
ane
Not
e:
His
tori
cal p
rice
s ha
ve b
een
revi
sed
as p
er r
evis
ion
by P
latt
s
Sou
rce:
Pla
tts
27Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
0.65
1.18
DIE
SEL
LPG
1-Ja
n-94
RO
N 9
71.
10 -
1.06
0.70
1.18
1.20 -
1.06
0.80
1.28
1-Oc
t-00
1.30 -
1.16
0.70
1.28
20-O
ct-0
1
1.30 -
1.26
0.72
1.28
5-No
v-01
1.32 -
1.26
0.74
1.29
1-M
ay-0
2
1.33 -
1.28
0.76
1.31
1-No
v-02
1.35 -
1.29
0.78
1.33
1-M
ar 0
3
1.37 -
1.31
0.83
1.35
1-M
ay-0
4
1.42 -
1.33
0.88
1.40
1-Oc
t-04
1.42 -
1.38
1.08
1.40
1-M
ar-0
55-
May
-05
1.52 -
1.38
1.28
1.40
1-Ju
l-05
1.62 -
1.48
1.58
1.45
3-Fe
b-06
1.92 -
1.58
2.58
1.75
6-Ap
r-06
1.92 -
-
1.88
1.88
2.62
2.58
1.75
5-Ju
n-08
2.70
-
2.62
2.50
1.75
6-Ju
n-08
2.70 -
2.40
2.40
1.75
3-Au
g-08
2.55 -
2.30
2.05
1.75
5-Se
pt-0
8
2.45 -
2.20
2.20
1.75
5-Oc
t-08
2.30 -
2.05
2.05
1.75
1-No
v-08
2.15 -
1.90
1.90
1.75
8-No
v-08
2.00 -
1.80
1.80
1.75
8-De
c-08
1.90 -
1.70
1.70
1.75
5-De
c-08
1.80 -
1.70
1.75
2-M
ay-0
9
1.80 -
1.70
1.75
1-Se
p-09
1.80
1.75
1.70
1.75
1.75
6-Ju
l-10
2.10
1.75
1.70
1.75
1.85
1-No
v-10
2.15
1.85 -
1.75
1.85
1-De
c-10
2.30
1.85 -
1.75
1.85
4-De
c-10
2.30
1.85 -
1.80
1.85
Oct-
11
1.90 -
2.80
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
RM
/ L
itre
RO
N 9
5
RO
N 9
2
Figu
re 1
4:
Ret
ail F
uel P
rice
s in
Mal
aysi
a
Sou
rce:
Min
istr
y of
Dom
esti
c Tr
ade,
Co-
Ope
rati
ves
and
Con
sum
eris
m
28 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
11.3
211
.32
11.3
211
.32
11.3
211
.32
16.5
516
.77
15.3
517
.10
Gas
Pri
ce t
o S
ing
apo
re15
.30
17.7
418
.92
26.7
631
.77
34.1
044
.41
34.5
840
.42
52.4
7
6.40
6.40
6.40
6.40
6.40
6.40
10.3
611
.30
10.7
012
.45
13.4
09.
40
11.3
211
.32
16.7
214
.10
6.40
6.40
16.7
214
.10
9.40
9.40
9.40
9.40
12.9
812
.21
11.0
512
.80
-
10.0
0
20.0
0
30.0
0
40.0
0
50.0
0
60.0
0
RM
/ m
mb
tu
2002
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Gas
Pri
ce t
o P
ow
er S
ecto
r
Gas
Pri
ce t
o N
on-
Po
wer
Sect
or
- G
MSB
Gas
Pri
ce t
o N
on-
Po
wer
Sect
or
- P
GB
Figu
re 1
5:
Aver
age
Ann
ual N
atur
al G
as P
rice
in M
alay
sia
Sou
rce:
Ene
rgy
Com
mis
sion
29Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 1
6:
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Dem
and
per
Cap
ita
in A
SE
AN
0.28
50.
286
0.24
30.
243
0.32
30.
429
0.48
80.
524
0.55
8V
ietn
am
0.51
90.
636
0.88
81.
670
2.36
83.
865
3.91
73.
994
4.65
1
0.25
20.
271
0.32
00.
506
0.79
91.
046
1.07
81.
133
1.22
4
Sing
apo
re
Thai
land
0.26
70.
254
0.25
40.
239
0.25
50.
280
0.26
30.
265
0.26
9
0.34
70.
368
0.35
10.
321
0.31
10.
268
0.24
90.
250
0.25
5
Mya
nmar
Phi
lipp
ines
1971
Bru
nei
1.00
01.
000
1.05
01.
167
1.93
31.
675
4.02
54.
125
4.25
0
0.26
40.
267
0.32
90.
433
0.56
40.
591
0.59
90.
617
0.65
2
0.41
60.
397
0.52
80.
766
1.26
41.
441
1.61
21.
531
1.52
6
0.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Mto
e /
Mill
ion
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2008
2009
2010
Ind
one
sia
Mal
aysi
a
Sou
rce:
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
s of
Non
-OE
CD
Cou
ntri
es,
20
12
Edi
tion
, In
tern
atio
nal E
nerg
y A
genc
y (I
EA
)
30 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1.30
11.
498
1.27
80.
905
0.68
10.
668
0.62
90.
648
0.65
3V
ietn
am
0.09
90.
101
0.09
20.
102
0.09
70.
135
0.12
70.
136
0.14
1
0.42
40.
419
0.36
30.
325
0.36
70.
396
0.36
90.
399
0.40
3
Sing
apo
re
Thai
land
3.72
93.
667
2.88
32.
848
1.75
31.
082
0.79
10.
762
0.74
0
0.40
60.
396
0.31
50.
319
0.29
20.
222
0.18
60.
188
0.18
2
Mya
nmar
Phi
lipp
ines
1971
Bru
nei
0.02
40.
021
0.02
50.
051
0.06
70.
070
0.16
50.
172
0.17
0
0.79
00.
710
0.61
40.
532
0.53
10.
470
0.41
40.
412
0.41
5
0.30
40.
248
0.23
60.
253
0.27
00.
273
0.27
20.
267
0.25
2
0.0
1.0
0.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Mto
e /
Bill
ion
USD
200
5
1973
1980
1990
2000
2005
2008
2009
2010
Ind
one
sia
Mal
aysi
a
Sou
rce:
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
s of
Non
-OE
CD
Cou
ntri
es,
20
12
Edi
tion
, In
tern
atio
nal E
nerg
y A
genc
y (I
EA
)
Figu
re 1
7:
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Inte
nsit
y in
AS
EA
N
31Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
OilTable 3 : Production and Reserves of Oil as of 1st January 2011Table 4 : Refinery Licensed CapacityTable 5 : Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in Thousand BarrelsFigure 18 : Net Export of Crude OilFigure 19 : Import and Export of Petroleum ProductsFigure 20 : Production of Petroleum Products from RefineriesFigure 21 : Final Consumption of Petroleum Products
32
3233
343536
37
32 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 3: Production and Reserves of Oil as of 1st January 2011
Table 4: Refinery Licensed Capacity
Oil
RegionReserves in billion barrels Production in thousand barrels per day
Crude Oil Condensates Total Crude Oil Condensates Total
PeninsularMalaysia
2.048 0.326 2.374 207.7 35.8 243.5
Sabah 1.874 0.118 1.992 134.0 0.0 134.0
Sarawak 1.007 0.485 1.492 119.3 73.0 192.3
Total 4.929 0.929 5.858 461.0 108.8 569.8
Location Startup date Thousand barrels/day
SHELL Refining Co. (FOM) BhdPort Dickson,
Negeri Sembilan1963 155
ESSO Malaysia BhdPort Dickson,
Negeri Sembilan1960 88
PETRONAS Kertih, Terengganu* 1983 49
PETRONAS Melaka 1994 100
Malaysia Refining Company Sdn Bhd (PETRONAS / ConocoPhillips)
Melaka 1998 100
Total 492
Source:PETRONAS
Source:ESSO, PETRONAS & SHELL
Note (*): Excludes condensate splitter of 74,300 bpd
33Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Petroleum Products PeninsularMalaysia Sabah Sarawak Total
Petrol 71,469 4,438 4,974 80,881
Diesel 44,704 8,293 11,336 64,333
Fuel Oil 2,268 484 0 2,752
Kerosene 157 11 8 175
LPG 20,635 1,309 1,320 23,264
ATF & AV GAS 18,946 396 215 19,557
Non-Energy 13,753 438 671 14,862
Total 171,932 15,370 18,523 205,824
Source:Oil companies
Table 5: Breakdown on Sales of Petroleum Products in Thousand Barrels
34 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1990
Net
Exp
ort
of
Cru
de
Oil
21,9
0222
,200
22,2
1520
,063
18,1
6018
,518
16,8
5916
,022
16,6
2616
,274
10,0
369,
128
11,0
1710
,826
11,2
9210
,963
9,21
46,
804
6,48
26,
517
9,36
52,
300
-
5,00
0
10,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
25,0
00
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent
of S
tati
stic
s M
alay
sia
and
oil c
ompa
nies
Figu
re 1
8:
Net
Exp
ort
of C
rude
Oil
35Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1990
Imp
ort
of
Pet
role
um P
rod
ucts
6,03
16,
728
6,49
97,
835
7,49
27,
411
7,09
510
,331
9,36
08,
357
6,61
96,
881
7,22
07,
116
8,98
07,
971
7,73
48,
452
7,37
67,
243
10,3
5911
,580
3,91
33,
272
2,51
33,
507
5,09
47,
261
7,31
77,
840
7,19
47,
161
8,53
38,
900
8,15
88,
972
8,91
28,
435
9,53
59,
780
9,52
78,
419
8,43
19,
421
2,00
0
4,00
0
6,00
0
8,00
0
10,0
00
12,0
00
14,0
00
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Exp
ort
of
Pet
role
um P
rod
ucts
Figu
re 1
9:
Impo
rt a
nd E
xpor
t of
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent
of S
tati
stic
s M
alay
sia
and
oil c
ompa
nies
36 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 2
0:
Pro
duct
ion
of P
etro
leum
Pro
duct
s fr
om R
efine
ries
1,40
61,
665
1,72
41,
816
2,31
62,
320
3,13
42,
491
2,54
53,
056
3,89
34,
623
4,46
04,
584
4,72
44,
245
4,60
75,
285
5,06
64,
052
3,87
33,
599
Pet
rol
3,24
12,
633
2,11
02,
375
2,88
72,
212
3,69
62,
716
3,23
32,
603
2,53
22,
269
2,33
21,
763
1,81
31,
777
1,93
31,
990
1,99
41,
144
327
571
3,49
63,
805
4,04
84,
249
5,10
86,
011
6,17
46,
744
5,92
66,
712
8,05
98,
462
8,40
19,
062
9,61
19,
161
8,75
29,
033
9,36
49,
415
8,36
98,
925
Fuel
Oil
Die
sel
512
544
541
576
563
360
292
265
285
210
239
283
414
983
591
521
537
234
245
565
483
419
LPG
kto
e
376
403
412
517
980
1,58
71,
899
2,00
01,
985
2,14
02,
660
2,95
42,
570
2,36
72,
693
2,55
32,
938
3,13
83,
139
3,08
52,
891
3,45
7K
ero
sene
1990
Refi
nery
Gas
158
174
143
106
162
385
331
203
192
230
241
311
294
262
215
202
849
938
991
195
210
1,65
9
585
798
324
600
1,46
83,
380
2,55
41,
783
2,11
72,
159
2,49
23,
020
2,12
72,
632
2,45
52,
157
2,75
03,
461
4,47
55,
905
209
4,57
2
640
567
200
244
319
431
371
371
449
617
838
875
897
932
897
822
1,11
81,
228
1,20
873
269
766
5
5,00
0 0
10,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
25,0
00
30,0
00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
No
n-E
nerg
y
ATF
& A
V G
AS
Sou
rce:
Oil
com
pani
es
37Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figure 21: Final Consumption of Petroleum Products
Non-Energy
4.9 %ATF & AV GAS
10.7 %
Petrol
34.1 %
Kerosene
0.1 %
LPG
12.1 %
Fuel Oil
1.7 %
Diesel
36.4 %
Total : 23,922 ktoe
Source:Oil companies
38 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
39Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Natural GasTable 6 : Reserves and Production of Natural Gas
as of 1st January 2011
Table 7 : Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf
Figure 22 : Import and Export of Natural Gas and LNG
Figure 23 : Natural Gas Consumption by Sectors
Figure 24 : Conversion in Gas Plants
40
40
41
42
43
40 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 6: Reserves and Production of Natural Gas as of 1st January 2011
Natural Gas
Region
Reserves Production
Trillion standard cubic feet (Tscf) Million standardcubic feet per day
(mmscfd)Associated Non-Associated Total
Peninsular Malaysia 9.797 25.337 35.134 2,385.73
Sabah 3.327 8.638 11.965 433.61
Sarawak 3.033 39.856 42.889 4,479.49*
Total 16.157 73.831 89.988 7,298.84
Notes (*): Refers to the amount of gas produced/generated from associated fields1 cubic feet = 0.028317 cubic metreAssociated Gas: Natural gas produced in association with oilNon-Associated Gas: Natural gas produced from a gas reservoir not associated with oil
Source:PETRONAS
Sectors PeninsularMalaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
Residential 17 - 229 246
Commercial 884 - 306 1,190
Industry 156,333 6,984 653 163,970
Non-Energy 69,220 38,916 40,830 148,966
Transport 10,371 - - 10,371
Power Stations 405,229 29,308 35,824 470,361
Total 642,054 75,208 77,842 795,104
Source:Power utilities, IPPs, PETRONAS and gas distribution companies
Table 7: Consumption of Natural Gas in mmscf
41Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 2
2:
Impo
rt a
nd E
xpor
t of
Nat
ural
Gas
and
LN
G
1990
Exp
ort
LN
G8,
686
8,27
88,
262
8,65
48,
938
10,7
9015
,251
16,3
9616
,429
15,4
4516
,633
16,6
3617
,803
18,9
6522
,944
23,7
0722
,874
23,7
7722
,277
23,6
0625
,487
26,8
56
--
--
--
--
--
--
-1,
501
999
1,34
03,
313
5,43
54,
565
5,05
57,
013
6,97
9
--
11,
258
1,58
91,
474
1,47
41,
340
1,44
486
01,
198
1,17
81,
098
1,40
21,
143
1,13
41,
257
1,29
51,
524
1,16
61,
340
1,14
7
-
5,00
0
10,0
00
15,0
00
25,0
00
20,0
00
30,0
00
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Imp
ort
Nat
ural
Gas
Exp
ort
Nat
ural
Gas
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent
of S
tati
stic
s M
alay
sia,
gas
com
pani
es a
nd o
ther
s
42 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 2
3:
Nat
ural
Gas
Con
sum
ptio
n by
Sec
tors
44
44
44
44
45
44
45
55
56
62
67
Res
iden
tial
44
44
44
44
69
1210
1118
1823
2428
3125
3032
Co
mm
erci
al
452
487
679
552
484
577
1,19
71,
074
1,43
01,
891
2,32
72,
937
3,82
44,
207
4,93
75,
317
5,30
15,
416
5,54
14,
544
4,31
04,
300
Ind
ustr
ial
kto
e
--
--
55
45
4-
714
2840
5495
120
147
194
236
247
272
Tran
spo
rt
1990
Self-
Gen
erat
ion
--
--
--
--
271
488
530
495
128
469
568
923
1,43
11,
140
1,03
01,
385
1,03
11,
697
1,36
12,
533
3,14
44,
374
5,11
96,
414
7,48
97,
531
8,88
610
,162
11,5
8011
,922
12,4
2410
,893
10,5
4512
,271
12,3
3012
,476
13,6
5113
,390
12,6
2810
,956
609
604
657
1,14
11,
163
1,06
487
01,
378
1,28
21,
118
1,51
21,
655
1,77
51,
616
1,47
61,
541
2,11
02,
112
2,04
61,
995
1,66
13,
967
25,0
00
20,0
00
15,0
00
5,00
0
10,0
00 019
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
0520
0620
0720
0820
0920
1020
11
Po
wer
Sta
tio
ns
No
n-E
nerg
y
Sou
rce:
PE
TRO
NA
S,
Gas
Com
pani
es,
Pow
er U
tilit
ies,
IP
Ps
and
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n P
lant
s
43Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 2
4:
Con
vers
ion
in G
as P
lant
s
kto
e
1990
GP
P -
LP
G-
-39
252
994
81,
900
1,21
21,
258
1,52
61,
472
1,48
21,
310
1,50
479
01,
225
2,04
33,
506
4,28
83,
507
991
9,84
44,
071
--
-39
238
421
344
389
--
164
513
445
443
1,27
11,
567
876
799
920
3,61
01,
057
851
9,79
78,
749
8,42
59,
019
9,08
711
,244
15,2
5116
,396
16,6
8816
,417
17,2
3116
,636
17,8
0318
,965
22,9
4432
,837
30,9
9633
,054
33,7
6632
,497
29,3
4535
,815
40,0
00
35,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
25,0
00
30,0
00
5,00
0
10,0
00 0
45,0
00
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
MD
S
LNG
Not
e:M
DS
com
men
ced
pre-
com
mer
cial
izat
ion
oper
atio
n in
yea
r 2
00
0
Sou
rce:
Oil
and
gas
com
pani
es
44 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
45Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
CoalTable 8 : Production and Reserves of Coal as of
31st December 2011
Table 9 : Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes
Figure 25 : Net Import of Coal
Figure 26 : Coal Consumption by Sectors
46
46
47
48
46 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Coal
LocationReserves (Million Tonnes)
Coal TypeProduction
Measured Indicated Inferred (metric tonnes)
Sarawak
1. Abok & Silantek, Sri Aman
7.25 10.60 32.40Coking Coal, Semi-Anthracite and Anthracite
183,556
2. Merit-Pila, Kapit 170.26 107.02 107.84 Sub-Bituminous 405,658
3. Mukah - Balingian 86.95 170.73 646.53Lignite, Hydrous Lignite and Sub-Bituminous
2,326,575
4. Bintulu 6.00 0.00 14.00Bituminous(partly coking coal)
5. Tutoh Area 5.58 34.66 162.33 Sub-Bituminous
Subtotal 276.04 323.01 963.10 2,915,789
Sabah
1. Salimpopon 4.80 14.09 7.70 Sub-Bituminous
2. Labuan 8.90 Sub-Bituminous
3. Maliau 215.00 Bituminous
4. Malibau 17.90 25.00 Bituminous
5. SW Malibau 23.23 Bituminous
6. Pinangan West Middle Block
42.60 Bituminous
Subtotal 4.80 55.22 299.20
Selangor
1. Batu Arang 17.00 Sub-Bituminous
Subtotal 0.00 0.00 17.00
Total 280.84 378.23 1,279.30
Grand Total 1,938.37 2,915,789
Source:Department of Mineral and Geosciences Malaysia
Source:Power Utilities, IPPs, cement, iron and steel manufacturers
Table 8: Production and Reserves of Coal as of 31st December 2011
Table 9: Consumption of Coal in metric tonnes
Sectors Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Malaysia
Industry 2,657,398 - 105,982 2,763,380
Power Stations 18,421,481 - 2,220,883 20,642,364
Total 21,078,879 0 2,326,865 23,405,744
47Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
1990
Net
Imp
ort
Co
al1,
396
1,34
11,
425
1,08
81,
311
1,53
81,
923
1,43
71,
522
1,31
31,
924
2,63
13,
405
5,23
27,
413
6,56
86,
751
8,35
79,
519
9,00
713
,011
13,1
89
-
2,00
0
10,0
00
8,00
0
6,00
0
4,00
0
12,0
00
14,0
00
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Figu
re 2
5:
Net
Im
port
of
Coa
l
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent
of S
tati
stic
s M
alay
sia,
Pow
er U
tilit
ies,
IP
Ps,
cem
ent,
iron
and
ste
el m
anuf
actu
rers
48 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 2
6:
Coa
l Con
sum
ptio
n by
Sec
tors
1990
Po
wer
Sta
tio
ns81
396
396
888
492
595
795
088
296
41,
332
1,49
51,
994
2,55
64,
104
5,32
75,
541
5,96
37,
486
8,06
99,
010
12,9
5113
,013
513
599
672
487
598
712
727
740
767
608
991
977
1,08
61,
212
1,30
51,
348
1,33
51,
361
1,71
31,
613
1,82
61,
759
4,00
0
2,00
0 -
6,00
0
8,00
0
10,0
00
12,0
00
14,0
00
kto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ind
ustr
y
Sou
rce:
Pow
er U
tilit
ies,
IP
Ps,
cem
ent,
iron
and
ste
el m
anuf
actu
rers
49Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Electricity Table 10 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011
in MW
Figure 27 : Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Table 11 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011
in MW
Figure 28 : Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Table 12 : Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations
Table 13 : Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations
Table 14 : Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 15 : Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 16 : Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation,
Consumption, Installed Capacity, Peak Demand
and Reserve Margin) for Malaysia
Figure 29 : Energy Input in Power Stations
Table 17 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh
Figure 30 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011
Figure 31 : Electricity Consumption by Sectors
Table 18 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of
Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region
in 2011
Table 19 : Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of
Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by
Region in 2011
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
56
56
57
57
58
59
60
61
50 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Electricity
Table 10: Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011 in MW
Hydro Natural Gas Coal Fuel Oil Diesel Biomass Others Total
Peninsular Malaysia
TNB 1,911 5,075 - - 68 - - 7,054
IPPs 20 7,469 7,200 600 - - - 15,289
Co-Generation - 783 - 35 7 105 13 943
Self-Generation - 31 - - 516 387 - 933
SREP 6 - - - - 9 8 23
Subtotal 1,937 13,358 7,200 635 591 500 21 24,242
Sabah
SESB 70 107 - - 259 - - 435
IPPs - 480 - 175 - - - 655
Co-Generation - 42 - - 50 79 - 171
Self-Generation - 6 - - 499 129 - 634
SREP 7 - - - - 30 - 37
Subtotal 77 634 - 175 808 238 - 1,932
Sarawak
SEB 101 675 480 - 102 - - 1,358
IPPs 900 - - - - - - 900
Co-Generation - 289 - - - - 1 290
Self-Generation - - - - 12 14 - 26
Subtotal 1,001 964 480 - 114 14 1 2,574
Grand Total 3,015 14,956 7,680 810 1,513 752 22 28,749
Source:Power Utilities and IPPs
51Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Biomass2.6 %
Coal26.7 %
Natural Gas52.0 %
Hydro10.5 %
Others0.1 %
Diesel5.3 %
Fuel Oil2.8 %
Total : 28,749 MW
Figure 27: Installed Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Source:Power Utilities and IPPs
52 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 11: Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011 in MW
Source:Power Utilities and IPPs
Hydro Natural Gas Coal Fuel Oil Diesel Biomass Total
Peninsular Malaysia
TNB 1,882 4,671 - - 62 - 6,615
IPPs 20 6,977 7,051 560 - - 14,608
Subtotal 1,902 11,648 7,051 560 62 - 21,223
Sabah
SESB 70 107 - - 259 - 435
IPPs 7 480 - 175 - 26 688
Subtotal 77 587 - 175 259 26 1,123
Sarawak
SEB 96 571 470 88 50 - 1,275
IPPs 750 - - - - - 750
Subtotal 846 571 470 88 50 - 2,025
Grand Total 2,825 12,806 7,521 823 371 26 24,371
53Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figure 28: Available Capacity as of 31st December 2011
Biomass0.1 %
Coal30.9 %
Natural Gas52.5 %
Hydro11.6 %
Fuel Oil3.4 %
Diesel1.5 %
Total : 24,371 MW
Source:Power Utilities and IPPs
54 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 12: Installed Capacity of Major Hydro Power Stations
Power Station Installed Capacity (MW) Total (MW)
Peninsular Malaysia
Terengganu
1. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Mahmud Kenyir 4 x 100.0 400.0
Perak
1. Stesen Janakuasa Temenggor 4 x 87.0 348.0
2. Stesen Janakuasa Bersia 3 x 24.0 72.0
3. Stesen Janakuasa Kenering 3 x 40.0 120.0
4. Chenderoh 3 x 10.7 + 1 x 8.4 40.5
5. Sg. Piah Hulu 2 x 7.3 14.6
6. Sg. Piah Hilir 2 x 27.0 54.0
Pahang
1. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Yussuf, Jor 4 x 25.0 100.0
2. Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Idris II, Woh 3 x 50.0 150.0
3. Cameron Highland Scheme* 11.9
Kelantan
1. Pergau 4 x 150.0 600.0
2. Kenerong Upper 2 x 6.0 12.0
3. Kenerong Lower 2 x 4.0 8.0
Subtotal 1,931.0
Sabah
1. Tenom Pangi 3 x 22.0 66.0
Subtotal 66.0
Sarawak
1. Batang Ai 4 x 23.5 94.0
2. Bakun 750.0
Subtotal 844.0
Total 2,841.0
Source:TNB, SESB and SEB
Note (*):Cameron Highland Scheme includes Odak, Habu, Kg. Raja, Kg. Terla and Robinson Falls stations
55Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Power Station Total (MW)
Peninsular Malaysia
Kedah
1. Sg. Tawar Besar 0.540
2. Sg. Mempelam 0.397
3. Sg. Mahang 0.483
Perak
1. Sg. Tebing Tinggi 0.178
2. Sg. Asap 0.110
3. Sg. Kinjang 0.349
4. Sg. Bil 0.258
Pahang
1. Sg. Sempam G2 0.450
2. Sg. Pertang 0.492
3. Sg. Perdak 0.364
Kelantan
1. Sg. Renyok G1 0.800
2. Sg. Renyok G2 0.800
3. Sg. Sok 0.588
4. Sg. Rek 0.270
Terengganu
1. Sg. Brang 0.422
Subtotal 6.501
Sabah
1. Carabau (Ranau) 2.000
2. Melangkap (Kota Belud) 1.000
3. Sayap (Kota Belud) 1.000
4. Bombalai (Tawau) 1.100
5. Merotai (Tawau) 1.100
6. Kiau (Kota Belud) 0.375
7. Naradau (Ranau) 1.760
Subtotal 8.335
Sarawak
1. Sg. Pasir 0.760
2. Penindin 0.352
3. Sebako 0.333
4. Lundu 0.352
5. Kalamuku 1 0.500
6. Kalamuku 2 0.500
7. Sg. Keijin 0.500
8. Sg. Kota 1 2.000
9. Sg. Kota 2 2.000
Subtotal 7.297
Total 22.133
Source:TNB, SESB and SEB
Table 13: Installed Capacity of Mini Hydro Power Stations
56 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 14: Transmission Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 15: Distribution Network in Circuit – kilometers
Table 16: Breakdown on Electricity (Gross Generation, Consumption, Available Capacity, Peak Demand and Reserve Margin)for Malaysia
Utility 500 KV 275 KV 132 KV 66 KV
TNB 1,094 8,431 11,672 -
SESB - 492 1,780 123
SEB - 867 235 -
Utility Overhead Lines Underground Cables
TNB 477,191 379,661
SESB 7,761 1,317
SEB 20,254 6,450
RegionElectricity Gross
GenerationElectricity
ConsumptionAvailable
Capacity**Peak
DemandReserve Margin
GWh % GWh % MW MW %
Peninsular Malaysia 110,654 89.6 97,939 91.3 21,223 15,476 37.13
Sabah* 4,956 4.0 4,275 4.0 1,123 830 35.31
Sarawak 7,950 6.4 5,116 4.8 2,025 1,214 66.80
Total 123,561 100.0 107,330 100.0 24,371
Source:TNB, SESB and SEB
Source:TNB, SESB and SEB
Source: TNB, SESB, SEB and IPPs
Note (*) : Most diesel units in SESB are aged sets hence they are derated due to thermal limitations. However, during operational state, some generating units are not available due to maintenance outages as well as random breakdowns; the actual operation capacity available to system operation for dispatch was very limited. (**) : Available Capacity for Peninsular Malaysia was based on Tested Annual Available Capacity (TAAC), Available Capacity for Sabah was based on Dependable Capacity.
57Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figure 29: Energy Input in Power Stations
Natural Gas39.3 %
Hydropower6.6 %
Coal46.6 %
Fuel Oil4.0 %
Diesel3.5 %
Table 17: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in GWh
RegionIndustry Commercial Residential Transport Agriculture Total
GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh % GWh
Peninsular Malaysia
44,092 93.8 33,272 90.3 20,055 87.5 214 100.0 305.8 100.0 97,939
Sabah 1,146 2.4 1,742 4.7 1,387 6.0 - - -
- 4,275
Sarawak 1,779 3.8 1,846 5.0 1,490 6.5 - - -
- 5,116
Total 47,017 100.0 36,860 100.0 22,933 100.0 214 100.0 306 100.0 107,330
Source: Power utilities, IPPs and Self-Generators
Total : 27,924 ktoe
Note:Figures exclude fuel consumption for self-generation plants
Source:Power utilities and IPPs
58 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figure 30: Electricity Consumption by Sectors in 2011
Industry43.8 %
Residential21.4 %
Transport0.2 %
Agriculture0.3 %
Commercial34.3 %
Total : 107,330 GWh
Source:Power utilities, IPPs, Self-Generators and Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD)
59Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Figu
re 3
1:
Ele
ctri
city
Con
sum
ptio
n by
Sec
tors
Tran
spo
rt*
(to
e)-
--
--
--
1,00
01,
000
4,00
04,
000
3,00
04,
000
5,00
05,
000
5,00
014
,117
15,2
9514
,862
11,3
5818
,439
18,4
28
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
4,88
615
,991
19,3
9321
,080
23,9
2026
,312
Ag
ricu
ltur
e**(
toe)
1990
Res
iden
tial
& C
om
mer
cial
885
988
1,08
11,
147
1,36
51,
549
1,74
71,
961
2,16
52,
220
2,45
32,
660
2,85
93,
066
3,29
83,
567
3,79
24,
094
4,26
64,
535
4,95
75,
146
830
937
1,13
71,
303
1,56
71,
826
2,02
92,
422
2,41
12,
591
2,80
52,
930
3,05
93,
242
3,34
03,
371
3,47
53,
587
3,68
73,
719
3,99
44,
045
5,00
0
10,0
00
15,0
00
20,0
00
25,0
00
30,0
00
1,00
0
2,00
0
3,00
0
4,00
0
5,00
0
6,00
0
kto
eto
e
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Ind
ustr
ial
Sou
rce:
TNB
, S
EB
, S
ES
B,
Co-
Gen
erat
ors
and
Land
Pub
lic T
rans
port
Com
mis
sion
(S
PAD
)
Not
e (*
) :
Dat
a fo
r ye
ar 2
00
6 t
o 2
00
9 w
ere
colle
cted
dir
ectl
y fr
om t
rain
ope
rato
rs
(**)
: E
ffec
tive
fro
m 1
st J
une
20
06
, TN
B h
as in
trod
uced
Spe
cific
Agr
icul
ture
Tar
iff;
prev
ious
ly A
gric
ultu
re w
as u
nder
the
Com
mer
cial
Tar
iff
60 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 18: Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Public Licensee by Region in 2011
Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)
Peninsular Malaysia
Land Fill Gas 2.00 5,613
Mini Hydro 45.98 38,780
Solar 0.80 666
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) 2.00 2,030
Subtotal 48.78 47,089
Sabah
Palm Shell & Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) 35.20 165,425
Wood Waste 10.00 4
Mini Hydro 17.34 47,841
Palm Oil Waste 14.00 69,483
Subtotal 76.54 282,753
Sarawak
Mini Hydro 6.00 7,021
Solar 0.02 15
Subtotal 6.02 7,036
Grand Total 131.3 336,879
Source:Energy Commission, TNB, SESB, SEB and Ministry of Public Utilities Sarawak
61Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 19: Electricity Generation and Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy by Private Licensee by Region in 2011
Region Type of Prime Mover Installed Capacity (MW) Unit Generated (MWh)
Peninsular Malaysia
Agricultural Waste 100.32 49,367
Industrial Waste Heat 9.45 29,055
Subtotal 109.77 78,422
Sabah
Agricultural Waste 6.50 12,008
Wood Waste 57.00 254,856
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) 7.50 12,618
Subtotal 71.00 279,482
Sarawak
Palm Oil Waste 7.40 12,533
Wood / Sawmill Dust 11.00 40,385
Mini Hydro 5.50 10,211
Subtotal 23.90 63,129
Grand Total 204.67 421,033
Source:Energy Commission, TNB, SESB, SEB and Ministry of Public Utilities Sarawak
62 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
63Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 29 : Energy Balance Table in 2011
(kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 30 : Energy Balance Table in First Quarter (1Q)
of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 31 : Energy Balance Table in Second Quarter
(2Q) of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 32 : Energy Balance Table in Third Quarter (3Q)
of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 33 : Energy Balance Table in Fourth Quarter
(4Q) of 2011 (kilo tonnes of oil equivalent)
Table 20 : Primary Energy Supply in ktoe
Table 21 : Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe
Table 22 : Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe
Table 23 : Conversion in Refineries in ktoe
Table 24 : Conversion in Power Stations
(excluding co-generation & private licensed plants)
in ktoe
Table 25 : Final Energy Consumption by Sectors in ktoe
Table 26 : Final Energy Consumption by Type of Fuels in ktoe
Table 27 : Final Consumption for Petroleum Products in ktoe
Table 28 : Selected Energy and Economic Indicators
(1990-2011)
73
74
75
76
77
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Key Energy Statistics
64 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
20
: P
rim
ary
Ene
rgy
Sup
ply
in k
toe
Year
Cru
de O
ilP
etro
leum
P
rodu
cts
&
Oth
ers
Nat
ural
G
asC
oal &
C
oke
Hyd
ropo
wer
Tota
lA
nnua
l G
row
th
Rat
e (%
)
Sha
re (
%)
Cru
de O
il,
Pet
role
um
Pro
duct
s &
O
ther
s
Nat
ural
G
asC
oal &
C
oke
Hyd
ropo
wer
19
90
8,7
83
3
,64
6
6,8
01
1
,32
6
91
5
21
,47
1
8.9
5
7.9
3
1.7
6
.2
4.3
19
91
9,4
43
4
,16
3
10
,11
2
1,5
64
1
,05
3
26
,33
5
22
.7
51
.7
38
.4
5.9
4
.0
19
92
10
,17
5
5,0
98
1
1,3
81
1
,64
0
99
7
29
,29
1
11
.2
52
.1
38
.9
5.6
3
.4
19
93
10
,13
5
5,8
16
1
1,3
60
1
,35
2
1,2
62
2
9,9
25
2
.2
53
.3
38
.0
4.5
4
.2
19
94
13
,60
5
2,4
50
1
2,3
92
1
,56
3
1,6
52
3
1,6
62
5
.8
50
.7
39
.1
4.9
5
.2
19
95
16
,15
9
60
8
13
,96
0
1,6
12
1
,54
0
33
,87
9
7.0
4
9.5
4
1.2
4
.8
4.5
19
96
18
,25
5
1,0
98
1
5,5
67
1
,67
7
1,2
43
3
7,8
40
1
1.7
5
1.1
4
1.1
4
.4
3.3
19
97
17
,91
7
3,8
03
1
9,0
41
1
,62
2
79
0
43
,17
3
14
.1
50
.3
44
.1
3.8
1
.8
19
98
17
,13
2
1,9
19
1
9,1
01
1
,73
1
1,1
13
4
0,9
96
(5
.0)
46
.5
46
.6
4.2
2
.7
19
99
17
,64
3
1,8
07
2
1,4
76
1
,94
0
1,6
68
4
4,5
34
8
.6
43
.7
48
.2
4.4
3
.7
20
00
21
,67
3
(1,4
31
)2
6,3
70
2
,48
6
1,6
12
5
0,7
10
1
3.9
3
9.9
5
2.0
4
.9
3.2
20
01
23
,59
0
(1,9
17
)2
5,6
49
2
,97
0
1,6
87
5
1,9
79
2
.5
41
.7
49
.3
5.7
3
.2
20
02
22
,64
7
(52
3)
26
,10
1
3,6
42
1
,32
9
53
,19
6
2.3
4
1.6
4
9.1
6
.8
2.5
20
03
25
,34
4
(1,4
08
)2
7,2
57
5
,31
6
1,0
56
5
7,5
65
8
.2
41
.6
47
.3
9.2
1
.8
20
04
25
,33
5
(82
)2
9,1
45
7
,10
9
1,3
29
6
2,8
36
9
.2
40
.2
46
.4
11
.3
2.1
20
05
24
,33
9
(24
3)
33
,91
3
6,8
89
1
,31
3
66
,21
1
5.4
3
6.4
5
1.2
1
0.4
2
.0
20
06
24
,90
9
(1,6
73
)3
5,7
76
7
,29
9
1,5
68
6
7,8
79
2
.5
34
.2
52
.7
10
.8
2.3
20
07
26
,57
1
(1,1
90
)3
6,6
39
8
,84
8
1,5
17
7
2,3
85
6
.6
35
.1
50
.6
12
.2
2.1
20
08
26
,77
6
(2,3
23
)3
9,2
89
9
,78
2
1,9
64
7
5,4
88
4
.3
32
.4
52
.0
13
.0
2.6
20
09
26
,38
6
96
3
5,8
51
1
0,6
23
1
,62
7
74
,58
3
(1.2
)3
5.5
4
8.1
1
4.2
2
.2
20
10
22
,48
7
2,5
21
3
5,4
47
1
4,7
77
1
,57
7
76
,80
9
3.0
3
2.6
4
6.1
1
9.2
2
.1
20
11
24
,67
9
2,2
48
3
5,7
40
1
4,7
72
1
,85
0
79
,28
9
3.2
3
4.0
4
5.1
1
8.6
2
.3
65Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 21: Net Import and Export of Energy in ktoe
Year Net Export of Crude Oil
Net Export of LNG
Net Export of Natural Gas
Net Export of Electricity
Net Import of Petroleum
Products
Net Import of Coal and Coke
1990 21,902 8,686 - 5 2,618 1,396
1991 22,200 8,278 - 2 3,456 1,341
1992 22,215 8,262 1 2 3,986 1,425
1993 20,063 8,654 1,258 (2) 4,328 1,088
1994 18,160 8,928 1,589 (4) 2,398 1,311
1995 18,518 10,790 1,474 2 150 1,538
1996 16,859 15,251 1,474 1 778 1,923
1997 16,022 16,396 1,340 (1) 2,491 1,437
1998 16,626 16,429 1,444 (1) 2,164 1,522
1999 16,274 15,445 1,177 - 1,196 1,313
2000 10,036 16,633 1,198 - (1,914) 1,924
2001 9,128 16,636 1,163 - (2,019) 2,631
2002 11,017 17,803 1,098 3 (936) 3,405
2003 10,826 18,965 (99) 17 (1,856) 5,232
2004 11,292 22,944 144 45 68 7,413
2005 10,963 22,299 (206) 192 (474) 6,568
2006 9,342 22,873 (2,404) 200 (1,798) 7,917
2007 7,509 23,777 (4,140) 195 (1,329) 8,152
2008 6,482 22,277 (3,041) 41 (1,609) 9,519
2009 6,517 23,606 (3,889) 8 (1,177) 9,007
2010 9,365 26,857 (4,183) (32) 1,930 13,011
2011 2,300 26,856 (5,832) (31) 2,159 13,189
66 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Table 22: Conversion in Gas Plants in ktoe
YearInput Output
Natural Gas LNG GPP - LPG MDS
1990 9,797 9,797 n.a n.a
1991 11,715 8,749 n.a n.a
1992 11,681 8,425 392 n.a
1993 13,005 9,019 529 39
1994 14,634 9,087 948 238
1995 17,088 11,244 1,900 421
1996 20,822 15,251 1,212 344
1997 24,945 16,396 1,258 389
1998 23,138 16,688 1,526 n.a
1999 24,116 16,417 1,472 n.a
2000 26,093 17,231 1,482 164
2001 25,703 16,636 1,310 513
2002 25,571 17,803 1,504 445
2003 27,940 18,965 790 443
2004 33,176 22,944 1,225 1,271
2005 36,447 32,837 2,043 1,567
2006 35,378 30,996 3,506 876
2007 38,141 33,054 4,288 799
2008 38,194 33,766 3,507 920
2009 37,098 32,497 991 3,610
2010 40,246 29,345 9,844 1,057
2011 40,737 35,815 4,071 851
Note:n.a means not applicableMiddle Distillate Synthesis (MDS) commenced pre-commercialization operation in year 2000 MLNG plant produced LPG in year 2003
67Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 2
3:
Con
vers
ion
in R
efine
ries
in k
toe
Year
Inpu
tTo
tal
Inpu
t
Out
put
Tota
lO
utpu
tLo
cal
Cru
de O
il
Impo
rted
C
rude
Oil
&
Oth
ers
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SLP
GN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
19
90
7,7
36
2
,24
4
9,9
80
1
,40
6
3,4
96
3
,24
1
51
2
37
6
25
6
58
5
15
8
10
,03
0
19
91
8,1
99
2
,04
4
10
,24
3
1,6
65
3
,80
5
2,6
33
5
44
4
03
5
67
7
98
1
74
1
0,5
89
19
92
9,0
16
1
,40
9
10
,42
5
1,7
24
4
,04
8
2,1
10
5
41
4
12
2
00
3
24
1
43
9
,50
2
19
93
8,5
02
3
,19
5
11
,69
7
1,8
16
4
,24
9
2,3
75
5
76
5
17
2
44
6
00
1
06
1
0,4
83
19
94
12
,32
6
1,8
53
1
4,1
79
2
,31
6
5,1
08
2
,88
7
56
3
98
0
31
9
1,4
68
1
62
1
3,8
03
19
95
15
,99
1
96
9
16
,96
0
2,3
20
6
,01
1
2,2
12
3
60
1
,58
7
43
1
3,3
80
3
85
1
6,6
86
19
96
15
,87
9
3,5
01
1
9,3
80
3
,13
4
6,1
74
3
,69
6
29
2
1,8
99
3
71
2
,55
4
33
1
18
,45
1
19
97
16
,38
2
1,5
35
1
7,9
17
2
,49
1
6,7
44
2
,71
6
36
5
2,0
00
3
71
1
,78
3
20
3
16
,67
3
19
98
15
,94
2
1,1
90
1
7,1
32
2
,54
5
5,9
26
3
,23
3
28
5
1,9
85
4
49
2
,11
7
19
2
16
,73
2
19
99
14
,59
5
3,0
48
1
7,6
43
3
,05
6
6,7
12
2
,60
3
21
0
2,1
40
6
17
2
,15
9
23
0
17
,72
7
20
00
15
,42
1
6,2
52
2
1,6
73
3
,89
3
8,0
59
2
,53
2
23
9
2,6
60
8
38
2
,49
2
24
1
20
,95
4
20
01
13
,29
9
10
,29
0
23
,58
9
4,6
23
8
,46
2
2,2
69
2
83
2
,95
4
87
5
3,0
20
3
31
2
2,8
17
20
02
14
,83
8
8,0
32
2
2,8
70
4
,46
0
8,4
01
2
,33
2
41
4
2,5
70
8
97
2
,12
7
29
4
21
,49
5
20
03
17
,12
7
8,2
54
2
5,3
81
4
,58
4
9,0
62
1
,76
3
98
3
2,3
67
9
32
2
,62
3
26
2
22
,57
6
20
04
16
,81
0
8,5
24
2
5,3
34
4
,72
4
9,6
11
1
,81
3
59
1
2,6
93
8
97
2
,45
5
21
5
22
,99
9
20
05
18
,21
6
6,1
23
2
4,3
39
4
,24
5
9,1
61
1
,77
7
52
1
2,5
53
8
22
2
,15
7
20
2
21
,43
8
20
06
16
,79
7
8,1
12
2
4,9
09
4
,60
7
8,7
52
1
,93
3
53
7
2,9
38
1
,11
8
2,7
50
8
49
2
3,4
84
20
07
17
,32
0
9,2
51
2
6,5
71
5
,28
5
9,0
33
1
,99
0
23
4
3,1
38
1
,22
8
3,4
61
9
38
2
5,3
07
20
08
18
,63
8
8,1
38
2
6,7
76
5
,06
6
9,3
64
1
,99
4
24
5
3,1
39
1
,20
8
4,4
75
9
91
2
6,4
82
20
09
20
,68
5
5,7
01
2
6,3
86
4
,05
2
9,4
15
1
,14
4
56
5
3,0
85
7
32
5
,90
5
19
5
25
,09
3
20
10
14
,00
3
8,4
84
2
2,4
87
3
,87
4
8,3
69
3
27
4
83
2
,89
1
69
7
4,3
57
2
09
2
1,2
07
20
11
14
,87
4
9,8
06
2
4,6
79
3
,59
9
8,9
25
5
71
4
19
3
,45
7
66
5
4,5
72
1
,65
9
23
,86
7
68 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
24
: C
onve
rsio
n in
Pow
er S
tati
ons
(exc
ludi
ng c
o-ge
nera
tion
& p
riva
te li
cens
ed p
lant
s) in
kto
e
Year
Inpu
t
Tota
l Inp
utA
nnua
l G
row
th
Rat
e (%
)
Inpu
t S
hare
(%
)O
utpu
t
Fuel
Oil
Die
sel
Nat
ural
G
asH
ydro
po
wer
*C
oal
Fuel
Oil
and
Die
sel
Nat
ural
Gas
Hyd
ro
pow
erC
oal
Tota
l E
lect
rici
ty
Gen
erat
ed
19
90
2,8
73
1
16
1
,36
1
91
5
81
3
6,0
78
2
1.2
4
9.2
2
2.4
1
5.1
1
3.4
1
,97
9
19
91
2,6
87
1
64
2
,53
3
1,0
53
9
63
7
,40
0
21
.8
38
.5
34
.2
14
.2
13
.0
2,2
83
19
92
2,3
52
1
60
3
,14
4
99
7
96
8
7,6
21
3
.0
33
.0
41
.3
13
.1
12
.7
2,5
21
19
93
2,3
88
8
7
4,3
74
1
,26
2
88
4
8,9
95
1
8.0
2
7.5
4
8.6
1
4.0
9
.8
2,9
87
19
94
1,9
57
2
49
5
,11
9
1,6
52
9
25
9
,90
2
10
.1
22
.3
51
.7
16
.7
9.3
3
,36
2
19
95
2,0
73
2
65
6
,41
4
1,5
40
9
57
1
1,2
49
1
3.6
2
0.8
5
7.0
1
3.7
8
.5
3,9
09
19
96
2,3
54
2
84
7
,48
9
1,2
43
9
50
1
2,3
20
9
.5
21
.4
60
.8
10
.1
7.7
4
,42
1
19
97
2,4
82
1
85
7
,53
1
79
0
88
2
11
,87
0
(3.7
)2
2.5
6
3.4
6
.7
7.4
4
,97
7
19
98
2,1
30
2
75
8
,88
6
1,1
13
9
64
1
3,3
68
1
2.6
1
8.0
6
6.5
8
.3
7.2
5
,01
3
19
99
95
0
17
2
10
,16
2
1,6
68
1
,33
2
14
,28
4
6.9
7
.9
71
.1
11
.7
9.3
5
,40
9
20
00
59
2
19
1
11
,58
0
1,6
12
1
,49
5
15
,47
0
8.3
5
.1
74
.9
10
.4
9.7
5
,73
1
20
01
73
0
27
8
11
,92
2
1,6
87
1
,99
4
16
,61
1
7.4
6
.1
71
.8
10
.2
12
.0
5,9
40
20
02
1,3
63
4
76
1
2,4
24
1
,32
9
2,5
56
1
8,1
48
9
.3
10
.1
68
.5
7.3
1
4.1
6
,19
1
20
03
28
9
34
0
10
,89
3
1,0
56
4
,10
4
16
,68
2
(8.1
)3
.8
65
.3
6.3
2
4.6
6
,56
8
20
04
27
4
27
2
10
,54
5
1,3
29
5
,32
7
17
,74
7
6.4
3
.1
59
.4
7.5
3
0.0
6
,71
6
20
05
27
5
29
8
12
,27
1
1,3
13
5
,54
1
19
,69
8
11
.0
2.9
6
2.3
6
.7
28
.1
6,7
06
20
06
17
1
61
7
12
,52
4
1,5
67
5
,96
4
20
,84
3
5.8
3
.8
60
.1
7.5
2
8.6
7
,24
0
20
07
19
9
31
4
12
,54
9
1,5
22
7
,48
6
22
,07
0
5.9
2
.3
56
.9
6.9
3
3.9
8
,38
5
20
08
18
1
29
9
13
,65
1
1,9
64
8
,06
9
24
,16
4
9.5
2
.0
56
.5
8.1
3
3.4
8
,42
2
20
09
20
5
38
4
13
,39
0
1,6
27
9
,01
0
24
,61
6
1.9
2
.4
54
.4
6.6
3
6.6
8
,53
1
20
10
12
5
41
5
12
,62
8
1,5
77
1
2,9
51
2
7,6
96
1
2.5
1
.9
45
.6
5.7
4
6.8
9
,40
4
20
11
1,1
03
9
81
1
0,9
77
1
,85
0
13
,01
3
27
,92
4
0.8
7
.5
39
.3
6.6
4
6.6
1
0,1
93
Not
e (*
):Fi
gure
s ca
lcul
ated
fro
m a
vera
ge e
ffici
ency
of
ther
mal
sta
tion
s of
res
pect
ive
year
69Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 2
5:
Fina
l Ene
rgy
Con
sum
ptio
n by
Sec
tors
in k
toe
Year
Indu
stri
alTr
ansp
ort
Res
iden
tial
an
d C
omm
erci
al
Non
-Ene
rgy
Use
Agr
icul
ture
Tota
lA
nnua
l G
row
th R
ate
(%)
Indu
stri
al
incl
udin
g A
gric
ultu
re &
N
on-E
nerg
y
Indu
stri
al
GD
P*
Indu
stri
al
Ene
rgy
Inte
nsit
y (t
oe/R
M M
illio
n at
20
05
Pri
ces)
19
90
5,3
00
5
,38
6
1,6
22
8
38
-
13
,14
6
11
.0
6,1
38
1
24
,16
8
49
19
91
5,8
35
5
,80
6
1,7
21
1
,07
1
13
0
14
,56
3
10
.8
7,0
36
1
34
,34
6
52
19
92
6,4
55
6
,22
6
1,8
91
1
,22
2
39
1
16
,18
5
11
.1
8,0
68
1
43
,50
2
56
19
93
7,0
12
6
,55
8
2,0
69
2
,02
7
62
1
7,7
28
9
.5
9,1
01
1
52
,50
3
60
19
94
7,2
83
7
,26
2
2,5
02
1
,81
7
42
2
19
,28
6
8.8
9
,52
2
16
3,8
86
5
8
19
95
8,0
60
7
,82
7
2,8
37
1
,99
4
44
6
21
,16
4
9.7
1
0,5
00
1
81
,27
8
58
19
96
9,8
38
8
,95
1
3,1
62
1
,74
4
48
6
24
,18
1
14
.3
12
,06
8
20
4,3
01
5
9
19
97
10
,10
6
10
,20
1
3,0
73
2
,29
8
49
0
26
,16
8
8.2
1
2,8
94
2
18
,87
0
59
19
98
10
,12
1
9,7
93
3
,31
4
2,0
23
3
07
2
5,5
58
(2
.3)
12
,45
1
19
5,7
79
6
4
19
99
10
,27
7
11
,39
3
3,6
53
1
,79
9
10
6
27
,22
8
6.5
1
2,1
82
2
10
,34
5
58
20
00
11
,40
6
12
,07
1
3,8
68
2
,25
0
10
4
29
,69
9
9.1
1
3,7
60
2
35
,47
9
58
20
01
11
,85
2
13
,13
7
4,0
48
2
,37
8
98
3
1,5
13
6
.1
14
,32
8
22
9,4
39
6
2
20
02
12
,85
4
13
,44
2
4,3
87
2
,51
1
96
3
3,2
90
5
.6
15
,46
1
23
8,2
35
6
5
20
03
13
,47
2
14
,27
1
4,3
99
2
,34
5
98
3
4,5
85
3
.9
15
,91
5
25
6,0
74
6
2
20
04
14
,91
4
15
,38
5
4,7
54
2
,18
3
87
3
7,3
23
7
.9
17
,18
4
27
3,8
85
6
3
20
05
15
,49
2
15
,38
4
5,1
34
2
,17
3
10
1
38
,28
4
2.6
1
7,7
66
2
82
,88
4
63
20
06
15
,24
8
14
,81
9
5,4
30
2
,81
9
25
3
38
,56
9
0.7
1
8,3
20
2
95
,71
1
62
20
07
16
,45
4
15
,71
7
6,2
12
2
,95
8
26
5
41
,60
6
7.9
1
9,6
77
3
04
,21
6
65
20
08
16
,20
5
16
,39
5
6,2
05
2
,87
6
28
7
41
,96
8
0.9
1
9,3
68
3
06
,33
1
63
20
09
14
,31
2
16
,11
9
6,3
36
3
,86
8
21
1
40
,84
6
(2.7
)1
8,3
91
2
87
,86
9
64
20
10
12
,92
8
16
,82
8
6,9
51
3
,69
6
1,0
74
4
1,4
77
1
.5
17
,69
8
30
9,1
65
5
7
20
11
12
,10
0
17
,07
0
6,9
93
6
,37
7
91
6
43
,45
6
4.8
1
9,3
93
3
17
,51
9
61
Not
e (*
):D
efine
d as
tot
al G
DP
for
Agr
icul
ture
, Fo
rest
ry a
nd F
ishi
ng,
Min
ing
and
Qua
rryi
ng, M
anuf
actu
ring
and
Con
stru
ctio
n
70 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
26
: Fi
nal E
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
by T
ype
of F
uels
in k
toe
Year
Pet
role
um
Pro
duct
s an
d O
ther
sE
lect
rici
tyG
as f
orN
on-E
nerg
yG
as f
or H
eatin
gN
atur
al G
asC
oal a
nd C
oke
Tota
lTo
tal (
excl
. N
on-E
nerg
y)A
nnua
l Gro
wth
R
ate
(%)
19
90
9,8
25
1
,71
5
609
460
1,0
69
5
13
1
3,1
22
1
2,5
13
8
.2
19
91
10
,91
4
1,9
25
60
4 49
5 1
,09
9
59
9
14
,53
7
13
,93
3
11
.3
19
92
11
,92
7
2,2
18
65
7 68
7 1
,34
4
67
2
16
,16
1
15
,50
4
11
.3
19
93
13
,07
5
2,4
50
1,
141
560
1,7
01
4
87
1
7,7
13
1
6,5
72
6
.9
19
94
13
,89
4
2,9
32
1,
163
497
1,6
60
5
98
1
9,0
84
1
7,9
21
8
.1
19
95
16
,14
2
3,3
75
1,
064
590
1,6
54
7
12
2
1,8
83
2
0,8
19
1
6.2
19
96
17
,20
3
3,7
77
87
0 1,
209
2,0
79
7
27
2
3,7
86
2
2,9
16
1
0.1
19
97
18
,57
8
4,3
84
1,
378
1,08
7 2
,46
5
74
0
26
,16
7
24
,78
9
8.2
19
98
17
,48
8
4,5
77
1,
282
1,44
4 2
,72
6
76
7
25
,55
8
24
,27
6
(2.1
)
19
99
18
,78
2
4,8
15
1,
118
1,90
5 3
,02
3
60
8
27
,22
8
26
,11
0
7.6
20
00
19
,58
2
5,2
63
1,
512
2,35
0 3
,86
2
99
1
29
,69
8
28
,18
6
8.0
20
01
20
,32
3
5,5
94
1,
655
2,96
5 4
,62
0
97
7
31
,51
4
29
,85
9
5.9
20
02
20
,63
8
5,9
22
1,
775
3,86
7 5
,64
2
1,0
86
3
3,2
88
3
1,5
13
5
.5
20
03
21
,17
5
6,3
13
1,
616
4,27
0 5
,88
6
1,2
12
3
4,5
86
3
2,9
70
4
.6
20
04
22
,88
6
6,6
42
1,
476
5,01
4 6
,49
0
1,3
05
3
7,3
23
3
5,8
47
8
.7
20
05
23
,01
2
6,9
44
1,
541
5,44
0 6
,98
1
1,3
48
3
8,2
85
3
6,7
44
2
.5
20
06
22
,39
8
7,2
72
2,
120
5,44
2 7
,56
2
1,3
35
3
8,5
67
3
6,4
47
(0
.8)
20
07
24
,85
2
7,6
83
2,
112
5,59
7 7
,70
9
1,3
61
4
1,6
05
3
9,4
93
8
.4
20
08
24
,45
1
7,9
86
2,
046
5,77
2 7
,81
8
1,7
13
4
1,9
68
3
9,9
22
1
.1
20
09
24
,14
5
8,2
86
1,
995
4,80
7 6
,80
2
1,6
13
4
0,8
46
3
8,8
51
(2
.7)
20
10
24
,40
3
8,9
93
1,
661
4,59
3 6
,25
4
1,8
26
4
1,4
76
3
9,8
15
2
.5
20
11
23
,94
6
9,2
36
3,
906
4,60
9 8
,51
5
1,7
59
4
3,4
56
3
9,5
50
(0
.7)
71Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 2
7:
Fina
l Con
sum
ptio
n of
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
in k
toe
Year
Die
sel
Pet
rol
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-E
nerg
y &
O
ther
sTo
tal
19
90
4,4
21
2
,90
1
88
3
54
8
20
3
62
8
23
9
9,8
23
19
91
4,8
73
3
,13
5
94
5
61
2
18
0
69
0
47
9
10
,91
4
19
92
5,2
91
3
,32
6
1,0
88
7
33
1
60
7
64
5
65
1
1,9
27
19
93
5,3
39
3
,66
6
1,2
93
1
,11
9
14
9
87
5
63
5
13
,07
6
19
94
5,6
43
4
,13
9
1,3
92
9
26
1
52
9
78
6
64
1
3,8
94
19
95
5,8
10
4
,54
8
1,5
06
2
,21
5
17
7
1,1
60
7
26
1
6,1
42
19
96
6,7
35
5
,20
5
1,7
70
1
,21
5
19
7
1,3
35
7
46
1
7,2
03
19
97
7,3
14
5
,58
6
1,9
78
1
,24
5
16
9
1,4
39
8
47
1
8,5
78
19
98
6,2
52
5
,85
4
1,6
78
1
,30
1
16
5
1,6
19
6
19
1
7,4
88
19
99
6,5
06
6
,79
3
1,7
92
1
,52
3
16
2
1,4
24
5
82
1
8,7
82
20
00
7,6
27
6
,38
7
1,8
75
1
,36
2
13
1
1,5
74
6
25
1
9,5
81
20
01
6,8
27
8
,11
6
1,4
97
1
,39
2
99
1
,76
2
63
0
20
,32
3
20
02
8,0
42
6
,94
8
1,5
89
1
,54
2
92
1
,78
5
63
9
20
,63
7
20
03
7,3
60
8
,53
9
1,2
56
1
,43
7
93
1
,85
2
63
9
21
,17
6
20
04
9,2
62
7
,83
9
1,4
63
1
,54
2
86
2
,05
6
63
7
22
,88
5
20
05
8,6
72
8
,21
1
1,9
53
1
,51
0
81
2
,01
0
57
4
23
,01
1
20
06
8,5
40
7
,51
7
1,9
01
1
,52
0
79
2
,15
2
68
4
22
,39
3
20
07
9,5
12
8
,60
0
2,2
02
1
,47
4
76
2
,15
5
83
2
24
,85
1
20
08
9,1
67
8
,84
2
1,9
63
1
,47
5
75
2
,11
2
81
8
24
,45
2
20
09
8,6
34
8
,76
6
1,2
91
2
,50
6
30
2
,12
0
79
9
24
,14
6
20
10
8,3
88
9
,56
0
47
8
2,9
20
1
9
2,3
80
6
57
2
4,4
02
20
11
8,7
12
8
,15
5
41
4
2,8
92
1
9
2,5
53
1
,17
8
23
,92
3
72 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
28
: S
elec
ted
Ene
rgy
and
Eco
nom
ic I
ndic
ator
s (1
99
0-2
01
1)
Year
GD
P a
t 2
00
5
Pri
ces
(RM
m
illio
n)*
Pop
ulat
ion
(‘0
00
pe
ople
)*
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y S
uppl
y(k
toe)
Fina
l E
nerg
y D
eman
d(k
toe)
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d (k
toe)
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d (G
Wh)
Aver
age
Ann
ual G
row
th (
%)
Per
Cap
ita
Ene
rgy
Inte
nsit
yE
nerg
y E
last
icit
y
GD
P a
t 2
00
5
Pri
ces
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y S
uppl
y
Fina
l E
nerg
y D
eman
d
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d
GD
P a
t 2
00
0
Pri
ces
(RM
)
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y S
uppl
y pe
r C
apit
a (t
oe)
Fina
l E
nerg
y D
eman
d pe
r C
apit
a (t
oe)
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d pe
r C
apit
a (k
Wh)
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y S
uppl
y (t
oe/G
DP
at
20
05
P
rice
s (R
M
Mill
ion)
)
Fina
l E
nerg
y D
eman
d (t
oe/G
DP
at
20
05
P
rice
s (R
M
Mill
ion)
)
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d (t
oe/G
DP
at
20
05
P
rice
s (R
M
Mill
ion)
)
Ele
ctri
city
D
eman
d (G
Wh/
GD
P
at 2
00
5
Pri
ces
(RM
M
illio
n))
Fina
l E
nerg
yFi
nal
Ele
ctri
city
19
90
21
7,0
47
18
,10
22
1,4
71
13
,14
61
,71
51
9,9
32
9.0
18
.90
8.7
09
.70
11
,99
01
.19
0.7
31
,10
19
8.9
26
0.5
77
.90
.09
20
.97
1.0
8
19
91
23
7,7
66
18
,98
62
6,3
35
14
,56
31
,92
52
2,3
73
9.5
52
2.6
51
0.7
81
2.2
41
2,5
23
1.3
90
.77
1,1
78
11
0.7
66
1.2
58
.10
.09
41
.13
1.2
8
19
92
25
8,8
91
18
,98
52
9,2
91
16
,18
52
,21
82
5,7
78
8.8
81
1.2
21
1.1
41
5.2
21
3,6
37
1.5
40
.85
1,3
58
11
3.1
46
2.5
28
.60
.10
01
.25
1.7
1
19
93
28
4,5
09
19
,50
32
9,9
25
17
,72
82
,45
02
8,4
74
9.9
02
.16
9.5
31
0.4
61
4,5
88
1.5
30
.91
1,4
60
10
5.1
86
2.3
18
.60
.10
00
.96
1.0
6
19
94
31
0,7
18
20
,04
93
1,6
62
19
,28
72
,93
23
4,0
76
9.2
15
.80
8.7
91
9.6
71
5,4
98
1.5
80
.96
1,7
00
10
1.9
06
2.0
79
.40
.11
00
.95
2.1
4
19
95
34
1,2
58
20
,62
43
3,8
79
22
,16
43
,37
53
9,2
25
9.8
37
.00
14
.92
15
.11
16
,54
71
.64
1.0
71
,90
29
9.2
86
4.9
59
.90
.11
51
.52
1.5
4
19
96
37
5,3
93
21
,10
13
7,8
40
24
,18
13
,77
74
3,8
97
10
.00
11
.69
9.1
01
1.9
11
7,7
90
1.7
91
.15
2,0
80
10
0.8
06
4.4
21
0.1
0.1
17
0.9
11
.19
19
97
40
2,8
82
21
,59
54
3,1
73
26
,16
74
,38
45
0,9
52
7.3
21
4.0
98
.21
16
.07
18
,65
62
.00
1.2
12
,35
91
07
.16
64
.95
10
.90
.12
61
.12
2.1
9
19
98
37
3,2
31
22
,10
74
0,9
96
25
,55
84
,57
75
3,1
95
(7.3
6)
(5.0
4)
(2.3
3)
4.4
0 1
6,8
83
1.8
51
.16
2,4
06
10
9.8
46
8.4
81
2.3
0.1
43
0.3
2(0
.60
)
19
99
39
6,1
40
22
,63
64
4,5
34
27
,22
84
,81
55
5,9
61
6.1
48
.63
6.5
35
.20
17
,50
01
.97
1.2
02
,47
21
12
.42
68
.73
12
.20
.14
11
.06
0.8
5
20
00
43
1,2
34
23
,49
55
0,7
10
29
,69
95
,26
36
1,1
68
8.8
61
3.8
79
.08
9.3
01
8,3
54
2.1
61
.26
2,6
03
11
7.5
96
8.8
71
2.2
0.1
42
1.0
21
.05
20
01
43
3,4
66
24
,12
35
1,9
79
31
,51
55
,59
46
5,0
15
0.5
22
.50
6.1
16
.29
17
,96
92
.15
1.3
12
,69
51
19
.91
72
.70
12
.90
.15
01
1.8
11
2.1
5
20
02
45
6,8
34
24
,72
75
3,1
96
33
,28
95
,92
26
8,8
27
5.3
92
.34
5.6
35
.86
18
,47
52
.15
1.3
52
,78
31
16
.44
72
.87
13
.00
.15
11
.04
1.0
9
20
03
48
3,2
78
25
,32
05
7,5
65
34
,58
66
,31
37
3,3
71
5.7
98
.21
3.9
06
.60
19
,08
72
.27
1.3
72
,89
81
19
.11
71
.57
13
.10
.15
20
.67
1.1
4
20
04
51
6,0
61
25
,90
56
2,8
36
37
,32
36
,64
27
7,1
95
6.7
89
.16
7.9
15
.21
19
,92
12
.43
1.4
42
,98
01
21
.76
72
.32
12
.90
.15
01
.17
0.7
7
20
05
54
3,5
78
26
,47
76
6,2
11
38
,28
56
,94
48
0,7
05
5.3
35
.37
2.5
84
.55
20
,53
02
.50
1.4
53
,04
81
21
.81
70
.43
12
.80
.14
80
.48
0.8
5
20
06
57
3,9
36
26
,83
26
7,0
21
38
,56
77
,27
28
4,5
17
5.5
81
.22
0.7
44
.72
21
,39
02
.50
1.4
43
,15
01
16
.77
67
.20
12
.70
.14
70
.13
0.8
5
20
07
61
0,0
87
27
,18
67
2,3
89
41
,60
67
,68
38
9,2
94
6.3
08
.01
7.8
85
.65
22
,44
12
.66
1.5
33
,28
51
18
.65
68
.20
12
.60
.14
61
.25
0.9
0
20
08
63
9,5
65
27
,54
17
6,0
32
41
,96
87
,98
69
2,8
15
4.8
35
.03
0.8
73
.94
23
,22
22
.76
1.5
23
,37
01
18
.88
65
.62
12
.50
.14
50
.18
0.8
2
20
09
62
9,8
85
27
,89
57
4,5
83
40
,84
58
,28
69
6,3
02
(1.5
1)
(1.9
1)
(2.6
8)
3.7
62
2,5
81
2.6
71
.46
3,4
52
11
8.4
16
4.8
51
3.2
0.1
53
1.7
7(2
.48
)
20
10
67
6,6
53
28
,25
17
6,8
09
41
,47
68
,99
31
04
,51
97
.42
2.9
81
.54
8.5
32
3,8
91
2.7
21
.47
3,7
00
11
3.8
06
1.3
01
3.3
0.1
55
0.2
11
.19
20
11
71
1,3
51
28
,96
47
9,2
89
43
,45
59
,23
51
07
,33
15
.13
3.2
34
.77
2.6
92
4,5
60
2.7
41
.50
3,7
06
11
1.7
96
1.0
91
3.0
0.1
51
0.9
40
.53
Sou
rce
(*):
Mon
thly
Sta
tist
ical
Bul
leti
n, B
ank
Neg
ara
Mal
aysi
a (G
DP
at
20
05
Pri
ces
(RM
Mill
ion)
for
19
90
unt
il 2
00
4 b
y E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on)
73Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 2
9:
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
Tab
le in
20
11
(ki
lo t
onne
s of
oil
equi
vale
nt)
Com
mer
cial
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
for
Mal
aysi
a 2
01
1(T
hous
and
Tonn
es o
f O
il E
quiv
elen
t)
Ene
rgy
Sou
rce
NAT
UR
AL
GA
SLN
GC
RU
DE
O
IL(1
/)
OTH
ER
S(2
/)
TOTA
L P
ETR
OLE
UM
P
RO
DU
CTS
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
CO
AL
&
CO
KE
HYD
RO
P
OW
ER
BIO
DIE
SE
LE
LEC
TRIC
ITY
TOTA
L
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y
1.
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n6
9,8
49
02
8,3
25
00
00
00
00
00
1,8
38
1,8
50
17
60
10
2,0
39
2.
Gas
Fla
ring
, R
einj
ecti
on &
Use
-13
,08
50
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-1
3,0
85
3.
Impo
rts
6,9
79
09
,10
42
18
11
,58
04
,16
93
,76
61
,47
05
37
14
84
96
99
30
13
,33
00
03
24
1,2
44
4.
Exp
orts
-1,1
47
-26
,85
6-1
1,4
04
-12
0-9
,42
10
-4,4
50
-34
0-9
92
-70
2-6
82
-2,2
55
0-1
41
0-5
1-1
-49
,14
2
5.
Bun
kers
00
00
-20
10
-14
-18
70
00
00
00
00
-20
1
6.
Sto
ck C
hang
e0
0-1
,69
30
13
71
31
,54
20
15
-82
5-5
99
0-3
72
0-1
01
0-2
,03
0
7.
Sta
tist
ical
Dis
crep
ancy
00
34
70
00
00
00
00
01
17
00
04
65
8.
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y6
2,5
96
-26
,85
62
4,6
79
98
2,0
95
4,1
82
84
59
43
-45
3-5
49
-1,0
11
-1,8
61
01
4,7
72
1,8
50
24
31
79
,28
9
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
9.
Gas
Pla
nts
9.1
LN
G-3
5,8
15
27
,91
60
02
14
00
02
14
00
00
00
00
-7,6
86
9.2
MD
S-8
51
00
03
59
07
40
03
30
25
20
00
00
-49
2
9.3
GP
P-L
PG
(3
&4
/)-4
,07
10
00
2,4
34
00
02
,43
40
00
00
00
0-1
,63
6
Sub
tota
l-4
0,7
37
27
,91
60
03
,00
80
74
02
,64
83
30
25
20
00
00
-9,8
14
10
. R
efine
ries
00
-24
,67
9-9
82
3,8
69
3,5
99
8,9
25
57
16
65
41
93
,45
74
,57
21
,65
90
00
0-9
09
11
. P
ower
Sta
tion
s &
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
11
.1 H
ydro
Sta
tion
s0
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-1
,85
00
65
6-1
,19
4
11
.2 T
herm
al S
tati
ons
-10
,97
70
00
-2,0
84
0-9
81
-1,1
03
00
00
0-1
3,0
13
00
9,6
48
-16
,42
6
11
.3 S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
(5/)
-1,7
21
00
0-1
99
0-1
99
00
00
00
00
04
42
-1,4
79
Sub
tota
l-1
2,6
98
00
0-2
,28
30
-1,1
80
-1,1
03
00
00
0-1
3,0
13
-1,8
50
01
0,6
35
-19
,21
0
12
. Lo
sses
& O
wn
Use
-64
6-1
,05
90
0-3
,38
60
0-1
80
00
-1,7
46
-1,6
23
00
0-1
,10
0-6
,19
1
13
. S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy0
00
06
20
37
44
82
03
11
15
10
7-4
0-3
60
00
-32
02
90
14
. S
econ
dary
Sup
ply
-54
,08
12
6,8
56
-24
,67
9-9
82
1,8
27
3,9
73
7,8
68
-52
93
,34
55
68
3,5
64
3,0
39
0-1
3,0
13
-1,8
50
09
,20
5-3
5,8
33
Fina
l Use
15
. R
esid
enti
al6
00
07
91
00
07
81
10
00
00
00
1,9
74
2,7
71
16
. C
omm
erci
al3
10
00
1,0
19
03
90
37
59
20
00
00
00
3,1
72
4,2
22
17
. In
dust
rial
4,3
00
00
01
,99
61
60
1,2
81
32
12
25
90
00
1,7
59
00
4,0
45
12
,10
0
18
. Tr
ansp
ort
27
20
00
16
,75
67
,99
56
,16
93
90
02
,55
30
00
02
41
81
7,0
70
19
. A
gric
ultu
re0
00
08
90
08
73
17
00
00
00
00
26
91
6
20
. N
on-E
nerg
y U
se3
,90
60
00
2,4
71
00
01
,29
30
01
,17
80
00
00
6,3
77
21
. To
tal F
inal
Use
8,5
15
00
02
3,9
22
8,1
55
8,7
12
41
42
,89
21
92
,55
31
,17
80
1,7
59
02
49
,23
64
3,4
55
1/
Cru
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
es C
onde
nsat
es c
ompr
isin
g P
enta
ne a
nd H
eavi
er H
ydro
carb
ons.
2/
Oth
ers
Ref
er t
o N
on-C
rude
Ene
rgy
Form
s (c
onsi
st o
f Im
port
ed L
ight
Die
sel,
Slo
p R
epro
cess
, C
rude
Res
idiu
m &
Mid
dle
Eas
t R
esid
ue)
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as r
efine
ry in
take
.3
/ G
PP
-LP
G E
xtra
cts
Liqu
id P
rodu
cts
i.e. C
onde
nsat
es, E
than
e, B
utan
e an
d P
ropa
ne f
rom
Nat
ural
Gas
. E
than
e is
not
incl
uded
und
er L
PG
pro
duct
ion.
4/
But
ane
and
Pro
pane
as
MTB
E F
eeds
tock
s ar
e pr
esen
ted
as N
on-E
nerg
y us
e un
der
LPG
col
umn.
Eth
ane
is p
rese
nted
und
er N
atur
al G
as c
olum
n.5
/ E
stim
ated
figu
res
base
d fr
om t
he E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on, S
tati
stic
s of
Ele
ctri
city
Sup
ply
Indu
stry
in M
alay
sia
20
11
.N
ote
: To
tal m
ay n
ot n
eces
sari
ly a
dd u
p du
e to
rou
ndin
g.
74 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
30
: E
nerg
y B
alan
ce T
able
in F
irst
Qua
rter
(1
Q)
of 2
01
1 (
kilo
ton
nes
of o
il eq
uiva
lent
)
Com
mer
cial
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
for
Mal
aysi
a 2
01
1(T
hous
and
Tonn
es o
f O
il E
quiv
elen
t)
Ene
rgy
Sou
rce
NAT
UR
AL
GA
SLN
GC
RU
DE
O
IL(1
/)
OTH
ER
S(2
/)
TOTA
L P
ETR
OLE
UM
P
RO
DU
CTS
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
CO
AL
&
CO
KE
HYD
RO
P
OW
ER
BIO
DIE
SE
LE
LEC
TRIC
ITY
TOTA
L
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y
1.
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n1
8,1
34
07
,60
30
00
00
00
00
04
07
46
71
80
26
,62
9
2.
Gas
Fla
ring
, R
einj
ecti
on &
Use
-3,3
33
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
-3,3
33
3.
Impo
rts
1,7
26
02
,46
61
62
,37
89
26
76
92
43
19
01
10
61
42
03
,76
00
08
10
,35
4
4.
Exp
orts
-31
9-7
,25
5-3
,58
7-1
03
-2,6
56
0-1
,41
7-6
1-3
11
-17
6-3
12
-37
90
-92
00
0-1
4,0
12
5.
Bun
kers
00
00
-62
0-6
-56
00
00
00
00
0-6
2
6.
Sto
ck C
hang
e0
01
75
01
51
84
81
0-2
3-1
88
-15
10
-24
50
-18
06
4
7.
Sta
tist
ical
Dis
crep
ancy
00
11
90
00
00
00
00
0-1
89
00
0-7
0
8.
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y1
6,2
08
-7,2
55
6,7
76
-87
-18
99
34
-17
41
26
-12
3-1
71
-39
4-3
87
03
,64
14
67
07
19
,56
8
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
9.
Gas
Pla
nts
9.1
LN
G-9
,40
77
,43
00
06
30
00
63
00
00
00
00
-1,9
14
9.2
MD
S-2
72
00
01
09
02
00
01
10
79
00
00
0-1
63
9.3
GP
P-L
PG
(3
&4
/)-1
,11
50
00
62
00
00
62
00
00
00
00
0-4
95
Sub
tota
l-1
0,7
94
7,4
30
00
79
20
20
06
83
11
07
90
00
00
-2,5
72
10
. R
efine
ries
00
-6,7
76
87
6,4
90
1,0
32
2,4
25
15
21
97
12
39
31
1,2
35
39
50
00
0-1
99
11
. P
ower
Sta
tion
s &
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
11
.1 H
ydro
Sta
tion
s0
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-4
67
01
61
-30
6
11
.2 T
herm
al S
tati
ons
-2,7
20
00
0-3
11
0-1
27
-18
40
00
00
-3,2
04
00
2,3
37
-3,8
97
11
.3 S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
(5/)
-44
00
00
-51
0-5
10
00
00
00
00
11
1-3
81
Sub
tota
l-3
,16
00
00
-36
20
-17
8-1
84
00
00
0-3
,20
4-4
67
02
,49
8-4
,69
5
12
. Lo
sses
& O
wn
Use
-15
5-1
75
00
-94
00
0-4
00
0-5
40
-39
50
00
-21
3-1
,48
3
13
. S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy-0
00
08
-6-4
9-2
3-3
04
09
3-1
70
00
0-1
22
-11
4
14
. S
econ
dary
Sup
ply
-14
,11
07
,25
5-6
,77
68
75
,98
91
,02
62
,21
8-6
08
50
17
41
,02
47
56
0-3
,20
4-4
67
02
,16
3-9
,06
2
Fina
l Use
15
. R
esid
enti
al2
00
01
96
00
01
96
10
00
00
04
56
65
4
16
. C
omm
erci
al8
00
02
27
08
23
14
20
00
00
00
73
49
69
17
. In
dust
rial
1,0
86
00
04
26
24
28
85
95
32
00
04
37
00
97
02
,91
9
18
. Tr
ansp
ort
65
00
04
,00
81
,93
61
,43
92
00
63
00
00
00
44
,07
7
19
. A
gric
ultu
re0
00
02
37
02
35
20
00
00
00
06
24
3
20
. N
on-E
nerg
y U
se9
38
00
07
05
00
03
36
00
36
90
00
00
1,6
43
21
. To
tal F
inal
Use
2,0
98
00
05
,79
91
,96
02
,04
46
67
27
26
30
36
90
43
70
02
,17
11
0,5
06
1/
Cru
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
es C
onde
nsat
es c
ompr
isin
g P
enta
ne a
nd H
eavi
er H
ydro
carb
ons.
2/
Oth
ers
Ref
er t
o N
on-C
rude
Ene
rgy
Form
s (c
onsi
st o
f Im
port
ed L
ight
Die
sel,
Slo
p R
epro
cess
, C
rude
Res
idiu
m &
Mid
dle
Eas
t R
esid
ue)
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as r
efine
ry in
take
.3
/ G
PP
-LP
G E
xtra
cts
Liqu
id P
rodu
cts
i.e. C
onde
nsat
es, E
than
e, B
utan
e an
d P
ropa
ne f
rom
Nat
ural
Gas
. E
than
e is
not
incl
uded
und
er L
PG
pro
duct
ion.
4/
But
ane
and
Pro
pane
as
MTB
E F
eeds
tock
s ar
e pr
esen
ted
as N
on-E
nerg
y us
e un
der
LPG
col
umn.
Eth
ane
is p
rese
nted
und
er N
atur
al G
as c
olum
n.5
/ E
stim
ated
figu
res
base
d fr
om t
he E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on, S
tati
stic
s of
Ele
ctri
city
Sup
ply
Indu
stry
in M
alay
sia
20
11
.N
ote
: To
tal m
ay n
ot n
eces
sari
ly a
dd u
p du
e to
rou
ndin
g.
75Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 3
1:
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
Tab
le in
Sec
ond
Qua
rter
(2
Q)
of 2
01
1 (
kilo
ton
nes
of o
il eq
uiva
lent
)
Com
mer
cial
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
for
Mal
aysi
a 2
01
1(T
hous
and
Tonn
es o
f O
il E
quiv
elen
t)
Ene
rgy
Sou
rce
NAT
UR
AL
GA
SLN
GC
RU
DE
O
IL(1
/)
OTH
ER
S(2
/)
TOTA
L P
ETR
OLE
UM
P
RO
DU
CTS
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
CO
AL
&
CO
KE
HYD
RO
P
OW
ER
BIO
DIE
SE
LE
LEC
TRIC
ITY
TOTA
L
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y
1.
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n1
7,0
91
06
,52
20
00
00
00
00
04
05
42
24
70
24
,48
7
2.
Gas
Fla
ring
, R
einj
ecti
on &
Use
-3,3
73
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
-3,3
73
3.
Impo
rts
1,6
76
01
,66
50
3,5
34
1,2
17
1,0
64
48
61
36
14
51
97
28
70
2,7
11
00
15
9,6
01
4.
Exp
orts
-23
8-6
,73
9-3
,16
70
-2,1
90
0-8
76
-42
-24
8-1
76
-76
-77
30
-39
0-6
0-1
2,3
80
5.
Bun
kers
00
00
-82
0-6
-75
00
00
00
00
0-8
2
6.
Sto
ck C
hang
e0
03
36
02
84
58
56
90
0-7
-20
2-1
33
0-5
34
0-4
00
45
7.
Sta
tist
ical
Dis
crep
ancy
00
38
00
00
00
00
00
92
70
00
96
5
8.
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y1
5,1
56
-6,7
39
5,3
94
01
,54
61
,27
57
51
36
9-1
12
-38
-81
-61
90
3,4
69
42
20
15
19
,26
3
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
9.
Gas
Pla
nts
9.1
LN
G-8
,64
16
,84
90
05
60
00
56
00
00
00
00
-1,7
36
9.2
MD
S-2
51
00
01
23
02
30
01
00
90
00
00
0-1
28
9.3
GP
P-L
PG
(3
&4
/)-8
16
00
05
76
00
05
76
00
00
00
00
-24
0
Sub
tota
l-9
,70
76
,84
90
07
56
02
30
63
21
00
90
00
00
0-2
,10
3
10
. R
efine
ries
00
-5,3
94
05
,39
27
53
1,9
68
14
21
27
48
72
51
,26
03
69
00
00
-2
11
. P
ower
Sta
tion
s &
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
11
.1 H
ydro
Sta
tion
s0
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-4
22
01
55
-26
6
11
.2 T
herm
al S
tati
ons
-2,7
27
00
0-7
34
0-3
54
-38
00
00
00
-3,0
33
00
2,5
22
-3,9
72
11
.3 S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
(5/)
-41
50
00
-50
0-5
00
00
00
00
00
10
9-3
56
Sub
tota
l-3
,14
20
00
-78
40
-40
4-3
80
00
00
0-3
,03
3-4
22
02
,78
6-4
,59
4
12
. Lo
sses
& O
wn
Use
-14
9-1
10
00
-72
30
0-4
00
0-3
86
-33
40
00
-24
9-1
,23
0
13
. S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy0
00
0-1
15
95
10
-71
-4-1
51
1-1
06
-36
00
0-1
76
-29
0
14
. S
econ
dary
Sup
ply
-12
,99
86
,73
9-5
,39
40
4,5
25
84
81
,59
8-3
12
75
54
37
36
85
70
-3,0
33
-42
20
2,3
62
-8,2
20
Fina
l Use
15
. R
esid
enti
al2
00
01
95
00
01
92
30
00
00
05
10
70
7
16
. C
omm
erci
al8
00
02
46
09
44
14
70
00
00
00
82
01
,07
4
17
. In
dust
rial
1,0
38
00
05
20
68
34
84
75
42
00
04
36
00
1,0
36
3,0
30
18
. Tr
ansp
ort
69
00
04
,36
72
,05
51
,65
52
00
65
60
00
00
54
,44
1
19
. A
gric
ultu
re0
00
02
55
02
51
30
00
00
00
06
26
1
20
. N
on-E
nerg
y U
se1
,04
20
00
48
90
00
25
00
02
39
00
00
01
,53
1
21
. To
tal F
inal
Use
2,1
58
00
06
,07
12
,12
32
,34
85
76
43
56
56
23
90
43
60
02
,37
71
1,0
43
1/
Cru
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
es C
onde
nsat
es c
ompr
isin
g P
enta
ne a
nd H
eavi
er H
ydro
carb
ons.
2/
Oth
ers
Ref
er t
o N
on-C
rude
Ene
rgy
Form
s (c
onsi
st o
f Im
port
ed L
ight
Die
sel,
Slo
p R
epro
cess
, C
rude
Res
idiu
m &
Mid
dle
Eas
t R
esid
ue)
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as r
efine
ry in
take
.3
/ G
PP
-LP
G E
xtra
cts
Liqu
id P
rodu
cts
i.e. C
onde
nsat
es, E
than
e, B
utan
e an
d P
ropa
ne f
rom
Nat
ural
Gas
. E
than
e is
not
incl
uded
und
er L
PG
pro
duct
ion.
4/
But
ane
and
Pro
pane
as
MTB
E F
eeds
tock
s ar
e pr
esen
ted
as N
on-E
nerg
y us
e un
der
LPG
col
umn.
Eth
ane
is p
rese
nted
und
er N
atur
al G
as c
olum
n.5
/ E
stim
ated
figu
res
base
d fr
om t
he E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on, S
tati
stic
s of
Ele
ctri
city
Sup
ply
Indu
stry
in M
alay
sia
20
11
.N
ote
: To
tal m
ay n
ot n
eces
sari
ly a
dd u
p du
e to
rou
ndin
g.
76 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011Ta
ble
32
: E
nerg
y B
alan
ce T
able
in T
hird
Qua
rter
(3
Q)
of 2
01
1 (
kilo
ton
nes
of o
il eq
uiva
lent
)
Com
mer
cial
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
for
Mal
aysi
a 2
01
1(T
hous
and
Tonn
es o
f O
il E
quiv
elen
t)
Ene
rgy
Sou
rce
NAT
UR
AL
GA
SLN
GC
RU
DE
O
IL(1
/)
OTH
ER
S(2
/)
TOTA
L P
ETR
OLE
UM
P
RO
DU
CTS
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
CO
AL
&
CO
KE
HYD
RO
P
OW
ER
BIO
DIE
SE
LE
LEC
TRIC
ITY
TOTA
L
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y
1.
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n1
7,3
03
06
,99
20
00
00
00
00
04
79
37
05
00
25
,19
3
2.
Gas
Fla
ring
, R
einj
ecti
on &
Use
-3,4
94
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
-3,4
94
3.
Impo
rts
1,8
06
02
,00
02
02
3,0
45
1,0
12
96
23
60
11
62
12
44
68
02
,94
70
00
10
,00
1
4.
Exp
orts
-30
1-6
,02
0-2
,23
1-1
0-2
,31
10
-85
8-6
0-1
80
-17
6-1
57
-88
00
-90
-17
0-1
0,9
00
5.
Bun
kers
00
00
-46
0-1
-45
00
00
00
00
0-4
6
6.
Sto
ck C
hang
e0
0-1
,08
40
18
57
44
88
00
6-1
91
-19
20
23
40
-26
0-6
92
7.
Sta
tist
ical
Dis
crep
ancy
00
-30
00
00
00
00
0-1
60
00
-19
8.
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y1
5,3
15
-6,0
20
5,6
74
19
28
72
1,0
86
59
22
55
-64
-16
7-2
25
-60
40
3,6
34
37
06
02
0,0
43
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
9.
Gas
Pla
nts
9.1
LN
G-8
,39
26
,52
60
05
50
00
55
00
00
00
00
-1,8
11
9.2
MD
S-1
83
00
07
20
14
00
70
51
00
00
0-1
11
9.3
GP
P-L
PG
(3
&4
/)-1
,15
40
00
63
20
00
63
20
00
00
00
0-5
22
Sub
tota
l-9
,72
86
,52
60
07
58
01
40
68
67
05
10
00
00
-2,4
44
10
. R
efine
ries
00
-5,6
74
-19
25
,73
68
00
2,1
01
13
21
56
10
58
56
1,1
52
43
40
00
0-1
30
11
. P
ower
Sta
tion
s &
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
11
.1 H
ydro
Sta
tion
s0
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-3
70
01
48
-22
2
11
.2 T
herm
al S
tati
ons
-2,8
34
00
0-5
71
0-2
88
-28
30
00
00
-3,1
98
00
2,6
22
-3,9
81
11
.3 S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
(5/)
-41
50
00
-49
0-4
90
00
00
00
00
11
1-3
53
Sub
tota
l-3
,24
90
00
-61
90
-33
6-2
83
00
00
0-3
,19
80
02
,88
1-4
,55
6
12
. Lo
sses
& O
wn
Use
-17
0-5
06
00
-83
60
0-6
00
0-3
96
-43
40
00
-41
5-1
,92
8
13
. S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy0
00
03
12
21
0-1
39
12
03
26
16
23
00
00
-83
22
9
14
. S
econ
dary
Sup
ply
-13
,14
76
,02
0-5
,67
4-1
92
5,3
50
1,0
10
1,6
40
-38
87
41
73
86
28
30
0-3
,19
8-3
70
02
,38
3-8
,82
8
Fina
l Use
15
. R
esid
enti
al2
00
01
97
00
01
94
30
00
00
05
23
72
2
16
. C
omm
erci
al8
00
02
72
01
18
51
48
00
00
00
08
15
1,0
94
17
. In
dust
rial
1,0
57
00
06
22
41
31
42
06
59
30
00
43
50
01
,03
33
,14
8
18
. Tr
ansp
ort
71
00
04
,28
32
,05
51
,59
01
00
63
60
00
06
54
,36
4
19
. A
gric
ultu
re0
00
02
13
02
09
40
00
00
00
07
22
1
20
. N
on-E
nerg
y U
se1
,03
10
00
63
50
00
40
90
02
26
00
00
01
,66
6
21
. To
tal F
inal
Use
2,1
68
00
06
,22
32
,09
62
,23
12
17
81
06
63
62
26
04
35
06
2,3
83
11
,21
5
1/
Cru
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
es C
onde
nsat
es c
ompr
isin
g P
enta
ne a
nd H
eavi
er H
ydro
carb
ons.
2/
Oth
ers
Ref
er t
o N
on-C
rude
Ene
rgy
Form
s (c
onsi
st o
f Im
port
ed L
ight
Die
sel,
Slo
p R
epro
cess
, C
rude
Res
idiu
m &
Mid
dle
Eas
t R
esid
ue)
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as r
efine
ry in
take
.3
/ G
PP
-LP
G E
xtra
cts
Liqu
id P
rodu
cts
i.e. C
onde
nsat
es, E
than
e, B
utan
e an
d P
ropa
ne f
rom
Nat
ural
Gas
. E
than
e is
not
incl
uded
und
er L
PG
pro
duct
ion.
4/
But
ane
and
Pro
pane
as
MTB
E F
eeds
tock
s ar
e pr
esen
ted
as N
on-E
nerg
y us
e un
der
LPG
col
umn.
Eth
ane
is p
rese
nted
und
er N
atur
al G
as c
olum
n.5
/ E
stim
ated
figu
res
base
d fr
om t
he E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on, S
tati
stic
s of
Ele
ctri
city
Sup
ply
Indu
stry
in M
alay
sia
20
11
.N
ote
: To
tal m
ay n
ot n
eces
sari
ly a
dd u
p du
e to
rou
ndin
g.
77Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Tabl
e 3
3:
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
Tab
le in
Fou
rth
Qua
rter
(4
Q)
of 2
01
1 (
kilo
ton
nes
of o
il eq
uiva
lent
)
Com
mer
cial
Ene
rgy
Bal
ance
for
Mal
aysi
a 2
01
1(T
hous
and
Tonn
es o
f O
il E
quiv
elen
t)
Ene
rgy
Sou
rce
NAT
UR
AL
GA
SLN
GC
RU
DE
O
IL(1
/)
OTH
ER
S(2
/)
TOTA
L P
ETR
OLE
UM
P
RO
DU
CTS
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
CO
AL
&
CO
KE
HYD
RO
P
OW
ER
BIO
DIE
SE
LE
LEC
TRIC
ITY
TOTA
L
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
LPG
Ker
osen
eAT
F &
AV
GA
SN
on-
Ene
rgy
Refi
nery
G
as
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y
1.
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n1
7,3
21
07
,20
80
00
00
00
00
05
48
59
26
10
25
,73
0
2.
Gas
Fla
ring
, R
einj
ecti
on &
Use
-2,8
85
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
-2,8
85
3.
Impo
rts
1,7
71
02
,97
30
2,6
24
1,0
14
97
13
81
95
16
99
50
3,1
92
00
91
1,2
88
4.
Exp
orts
-29
0-6
,84
3-2
,41
9-7
-2,2
64
0-1
,29
9-1
77
-25
3-1
76
-13
6-2
24
00
0-2
70
-11
,85
0
5.
Bun
kers
00
00
-12
0-1
-11
00
00
00
00
0-1
2
6.
Sto
ck C
hang
e0
0-1
,12
00
-48
2-1
26
40
43
-24
4-1
22
01
73
0-1
70
-1,4
47
7.
Sta
tist
ical
Dis
crep
ancy
00
19
40
00
00
00
00
0-6
04
00
0-4
11
8.
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y1
5,9
17
-6,8
43
6,8
36
-7-1
34
88
7-3
24
19
3-1
55
-17
2-3
11
-25
10
4,0
28
59
21
78
20
,41
4
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
9.
Gas
Pla
nts
9.1
LN
G-9
,37
67
,11
10
04
10
00
41
00
00
00
00
-2,2
24
9.2
MD
S-1
45
00
05
50
17
00
50
33
00
00
0-9
0
9.3
GP
P-L
PG
(3
&4
/)-9
86
00
06
06
00
06
06
00
00
00
00
-38
0
Sub
tota
l-1
0,5
08
7,1
11
00
70
20
17
06
47
50
33
00
00
0-2
,69
5
10
. R
efine
ries
00
-6,8
36
76
,25
11
,01
42
,43
11
45
18
61
43
94
59
26
46
00
00
0-5
78
11
. P
ower
Sta
tion
s &
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
11
.1 H
ydro
Sta
tion
s0
00
00
00
00
00
00
0-5
92
01
92
-40
0
11
.2 T
herm
al S
tati
ons
-2,6
97
00
0-4
68
0-2
13
-25
50
00
00
-3,5
78
00
2,1
68
-4,5
75
11
.3 S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
(5/)
-45
10
00
-49
0-4
90
00
00
00
00
11
0-3
90
Sub
tota
l-3
,14
80
00
-51
70
-26
2-2
55
00
00
0-3
,57
8-5
92
02
,47
0-5
,36
5
12
. Lo
sses
& O
wn
Use
-17
1-2
68
00
-88
70
0-4
00
0-4
23
-46
00
00
-22
3-1
,55
0
13
. S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy0
00
04
15
75
22
6-5
33
29
-35
90
00
05
04
65
14
. S
econ
dary
Sup
ply
-13
,82
76
,84
3-6
,83
67
5,9
63
1,0
89
2,4
12
-12
08
66
17
89
42
59
50
-3,5
78
-59
20
2,2
97
-9,7
23
Fina
l Use
15
. R
esid
enti
al2
00
02
02
00
01
99
30
00
00
04
85
68
9
16
. C
omm
erci
al8
00
02
74
09
62
41
55
00
00
00
08
02
1,0
85
17
. In
dust
rial
1,1
18
00
04
28
27
33
18
60
20
00
45
00
01
,00
73
,00
3
18
. Tr
ansp
ort
68
00
04
,09
81
,95
01
,48
53
30
06
31
00
00
17
54
,18
7
19
. A
gric
ultu
re0
00
01
85
01
77
80
00
00
00
06
19
1
20
. N
on-E
nerg
y U
se8
96
00
06
42
00
02
98
00
34
40
00
00
1,5
38
21
. To
tal F
inal
Use
2,0
91
00
05
,82
91
,97
62
,08
87
37
12
56
31
34
40
45
00
17
2,3
05
10
,69
2
1/
Cru
de p
rodu
ctio
n in
clud
es C
onde
nsat
es c
ompr
isin
g P
enta
ne a
nd H
eavi
er H
ydro
carb
ons.
2/
Oth
ers
Ref
er t
o N
on-C
rude
Ene
rgy
Form
s (c
onsi
st o
f Im
port
ed L
ight
Die
sel,
Slo
p R
epro
cess
, C
rude
Res
idiu
m &
Mid
dle
Eas
t R
esid
ue)
whi
ch a
re u
sed
as r
efine
ry in
take
.3
/ G
PP
-LP
G E
xtra
cts
Liqu
id P
rodu
cts
i.e. C
onde
nsat
es, E
than
e, B
utan
e an
d P
ropa
ne f
rom
Nat
ural
Gas
. E
than
e is
not
incl
uded
und
er L
PG
pro
duct
ion.
4/
But
ane
and
Pro
pane
as
MTB
E F
eeds
tock
s ar
e pr
esen
ted
as N
on-E
nerg
y us
e un
der
LPG
col
umn.
Eth
ane
is p
rese
nted
und
er N
atur
al G
as c
olum
n.5
/ E
stim
ated
figu
res
base
d fr
om t
he E
nerg
y C
omm
issi
on, S
tati
stic
s of
Ele
ctri
city
Sup
ply
Indu
stry
in M
alay
sia
20
11
.N
ote
: To
tal m
ay n
ot n
eces
sari
ly a
dd u
p du
e to
rou
ndin
g.
78 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
79Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Energy Flow Chart
80 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y*
Cru
de O
il
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
& O
ther
s
Nat
ural
Gas
Coa
l & C
oke
Hyd
ropo
wer
Tota
l
24
,67
9
2,2
47
35
,74
0
14
,77
2
1,8
50
79
,28
9
31
.1%
2.8
%
45
.1%
18
.6%
2.3
%
10
0.0
%
Fina
l Use
by
Sec
tor
Res
iden
tial
Com
mer
cial
Indu
stri
al
Tran
spor
t
Agr
icul
ture
Tota
l
2,7
71
4,2
22
12
,10
0
17
,07
0
91
6
43
,45
5
6.4
%
9.7
%
27
.8%
39
.3%
2.1
%
Non
-Ene
rgy
Use
6,3
77
14
.7%
10
0.0
%
Fina
l Use
by
Fuel
Nat
ural
Gas
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
Coa
l & C
oke
Ele
ctri
city
Tota
l
8,5
15
23
,94
5
1,7
59
9,2
35
43
,45
5
19
.6%
55
.1%
4.0
%
21
.3%
10
0.0
%
Pri
mar
y P
rodu
ctio
n
Cru
de O
il
Nat
ural
Gas
Coa
l & C
oke
Hyd
ropo
wer
Tota
l
28
,50
1
69
,84
9
1,8
38
1,8
50
10
2,0
39
27
.9%
68
.5%
1.8
%
1.8
%
10
0.0
%
Impo
rts
Cru
de O
il &
Oth
ers
Nat
ural
Gas
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
Coa
l & C
oke
Tota
l
9,3
54
6,9
79
11
,58
0
13
,33
0
41
,24
4
22
.7%
16
.9%
28
.1%
32
.3%
10
0.0
%
Exp
orts
Cru
de O
il &
Oth
ers
Nat
ural
Gas
Pet
role
um P
rodu
cts
LNG
Tota
l
11
,52
5
1,1
47
9,4
72
26
,85
6
49
,14
2
23
.5%
2.3
%
19
.3%
Coa
l & C
oke
14
10
.3%
54
.7%
10
0.0
%
Gas
Pla
nt I
nput
LNG
MD
S
GP
P-L
PG
35
,81
5
85
1
4,0
71
Gas
Pla
nt O
utpu
t
LNG
LPG
(fr
om L
NG
)
Die
sel
27
,91
6
21
4
74
Pow
er S
tati
ons
&S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
Inpu
t
Nat
ural
Gas
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
12
,69
8
1,1
80
1,1
03
Coa
l1
3,0
13
Hyd
ro1
,85
0
Ther
mal
Sel
f-G
ener
atio
n
Hyd
ro
9,6
48
44
2
65
6
Ker
osen
e3
3
Non
-Ene
rgy
25
2
LPG
2,4
34
Oil
Refi
neri
es I
nput
Loca
l
Impo
rt
14
,87
4
9,8
06
Oil
Refi
neri
es O
utpu
t
Pet
rol
Die
sel
Fuel
Oil
3,5
99
8,9
25
57
1
Ker
osen
e4
19
ATF
& A
V G
AS
3,4
57
Non
-Ene
rgy
4,5
72
Refi
nery
Gas
1,6
59
Pow
er S
tati
ons
&S
elf-
Gen
erat
ion
Out
put
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
yTr
ansf
orm
atio
nFi
nal U
se
Not
e*:
Pri
mar
y S
uppl
y = P
rim
ary
Pro
duct
ion
- Fl
arin
g + I
mpo
rts
- E
xpor
ts -
Bun
kers
(+/-
) S
tock
Cha
nge
(+/-
) S
tati
stic
al D
iscr
epan
cy
Ener
gy F
low
Cha
rt
81Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
I) Non-commercial energy such as firewood and other biomass fuels have been excluded in the energy balance until more reliable data are made available.
II) The output side of the final user’s equipment of device i.e. useful energy, will not be dealt with in the balance as it will involve assessing the efficiencies of end-use equipment operating under various different conditions.
Notes on Energy Balance
The net calorific value (NCV) is chosen as the basis of calculations rather than the gross calorific value (GCV). Joule is used as the rigorous accounting unit, while the “tonne oil equivalent” (1 toe= 41.84 Gigajoules) is chosen as the final unit for presentation in the Energy Balance.
Energy Balance Format
The rows of the Energy Balance tables contain the following items:
Primary supply refers to supply of energy that has not undergone the transformations / conversion process within the country.
Primary production (1) refers to the quantity of fuels extracted. Data for natural gas excludes the amount of reinjected and flared gas. Gross production of hydro is shown in conventional fuel equipment input.
Gas Flaring, Reinjection & Use (2) refers to the quantity of gas flared, re-injected into the gas fields and use for production purpose.
Imports (3) and exports (4) refer to the amount of primary and secondary energy obtained from, or supplied to other countries. In the energy balance format, imports always carry a positive and export a negative sign.
Bunkers (5) refer to the amount of fuels delivered to ocean-going ships of all flags engaged in international traffic.
Stock change (6)
refers to the difference between the amounts of fuel in stocks at the beginning and end of year and should ideally cover producers, importers and industrial consumers. At this stage, however, only oil companies’ stocks are taken into account. A negative sign indicates net increase while a positive sign indicates net decrease in stocks.
Total under primary supply, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain total availability. Under transformation, ‘total’ is the addition of columns to obtain transformation and conversion losses.
Gas Plants (9) shows the input of natural gas into the LNG, MDS and GPP-LPG plants and their respective outputs.
Refineries (10), power stations and Co-generation & Private licensees (11)
shows the input of any energy product (negative sign) for the purpose of converting it to one or more secondary products (positive sign).
Losses and own use (12)
refers to losses of electrical energy and natural gas which occur outside the utilities and plants (i.e. distribution losses) and the consumption of energy by utilities and plants for operating their installation (i.e electricity for operating auxiliary equipment and petroleum products used in the crude distillation process respectively). It does not, however, include conversion loss that is accounted for in the ‘total’ column.
Secondary supply (14) refers to the supply of energy from the transformation process and after deducting the energy sector’s own use and losses, including power station use.
Residential and commercial(15 & 16)
not only refers to energy used within households and commercial establishments but includes government buildings and institutions.
Industrial (17) is a very broad-based sector ranging from manufacturing to mining and construction. Diesel sales through distributors are assumed to be to industrial consumers.
Transport (18) basically refers to all sales of motor gasoline and diesel from service stations and sales of aviation fuel. It also includes diesel and motor gasoline sold directly to government and military.
Agriculture (19) covers agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Non-energy use (20) use of products resulting from the transformation process for non-energy purpose (i.e. bitumen/lubricants, asphalt/greases) and use of energy products (such as natural gas) as industrial feed stocks.
Final use (21) refer to the quantity of energy of all kinds delivered to the final user.
82 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Reserve Margin
Total capacity margin is defined as the amount of installed generation available over and above system peak load
Reserve Margin = Installed Capacity – Peak Demand Peak Demand
Peak Demand
The maximum power demand registered by a customer or a group of customers or a system in a stated period of time such as a month or a year. The value may be the maximum instantaneous load or more usually, the average load over a designated interval of time, such as half an hour and is normally stated in kilowatts or megawatts.
Installed Capacity Installed capacity is defined as the maximum possible capacity (nameplate rating) that can be provided by the plant.
Dependable Capacity The maximum capacity, modified for ambient limitations for a specified period of time, such as a month or a season.
Available Capacity Available capacity refers to the Latest Tested Net Capacity. It is the dependable capacity, modified for equipment limitation at any time.
Unit Generated(Gross Generation)
The total amount of electric energy produced by generating units and measured at the generating terminal in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt hours (MWh).
Unit Sent Out From Station(s) (Net Generation)
The amount of gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at the generating station(s) for station service or auxiliaries.
Measured ResourcesRefers to coal for which estimates of the rank and quantity have been computed to a high degree of geologic assurance, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites.
Indicated ResourcesRefers to coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed to a moderate degree of geologic assurance, partly from sample analyses and measurements and partly from reasonable geologic projections.
Inferred Resources
Refers to coal of a low degree of geologic assurance in unexplored extensions of demonstrated resources for which estimates of the quality and size are based on geologic evidence and projection. Quantitative estimates are based on broad knowledge of the geologic character of the bed or region where few measurements or sampling points are available and on assumed continuation from demonstrated coal for which there is geologic evidence.
Notes on Electricity
Notes on Coal
83Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Definition
GDP is a measure of the total value of production of all resident producing units of a country in a specified period, before deducting allowances for consumption of fixed capital. A producing unit is considered as resident in a country if it maintains a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country. The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government within which persons, goods and capital circulate freely. GDP can be measured in three but equivalent ways, namely, the sum of value added, the sum of final expenditures and the sum of incomes. In Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) compiles annual GDP estimates using the sum of value added and sum of final expenditure approaches.
Measuring GDP
The sum of value added (or production) based GDP is the sum of the differences between the values of the gross output of resident producing units measured in producers’ values and the values of their intermediate consumption measured in purchasers’ values plus import duties. The difference between gross output and intermediate consumption is value added. This approach shows the contribution of individual economic activities to the total GDP.
Income based estimates – summing up the incomes generated (i.e salaries and wages, gross operating surplus of enterprises and mixed income generated by households that engage in production)
The sum of final expenditures (expenditure) approach is to sum up the expenditure values of the final users of goods and services measured in purchasers’ values, less the c.i.f. values of the import of goods and services. It is calculated by estimating the values of private consumption expenditure, government consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, change in stocks and exports of goods and services, less imports of goods and services. These are termed `final demand’ or ‘final expenditure’ categories.
Definition
The Gross national income (GNI) consists of: the personal consumption expenditure, the gross private investment, the government consumption expenditures, the net income from assets abroad (net income receipts), and the gross exports of goods and services, after deducting two components: the gross imports of goods and services, and the indirect business taxes. The GNI is similar to the gross national product (GNP), except that in measuring the GNP one does not deduct the indirect business taxes.
Measuring GNI
As GNI is an add up of Net Income from abroad and the GDP, one can calculate the GNI by the following formula:
GNI = GDP + (FL – DL) + NCI
When FL and DL are respectively the foreign and domestic income from labor, and NCI the net capital inflow. For example, if a country A’s nominal GDP is $20,000, the domestic income from labor $3,000 and the foreign income from labor $5,000, and the country received a $10,000 donation from another country’s charity organization, the GNI of country A would be $32,000.
Notes on GDP
Notes on GNI
84 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
TJ/1000 Tonnes1
Hard Coal 29.3076 Lignite/Brown Coal 11.2834
Coke/Oven Coke 26.3768 Peat 9.525
Gas Coke 26.3768 Charcoal 28.8888
Brown Coal Coke 19.6361 Fuelwood2 13.4734
Pattern Fuel Briquettes 29.3076 Lignite briquettes 19.6361
Petroleum Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)
Crude Petroleum (Imported) 42.6133 Gas Oil/Diesel 42.4960
Crude Petroleum (Domestic) 43.3000 Residual Fuel Oil 41.4996
Plant Condensate 44.3131 Naphtha 44.1289
Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) 43.9614 White/Industrial Spirit 43.2078
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 45.5440 Lubricants 42.1401
Motor Gasoline 43.9614 Bitumen (Asphalt) 41.8000
Natural Gasoline 44.8992 Petroleum Waxes 43.3334
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) 43.1994 Petroleum Coke 36.4000
Kerosene 43.1994 Other Petroleum Products 42.4960
Natural Gas Products (TJ/1000 Tonnes)
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 45.1923 Natural Gas1TJ/ million scf
0.9479 mmbtu/GJ
Butane 50.393 Ethane 1,067.82 GJ/mscf
Propane 49.473 Methane 1,131.31 GJ/mscf
Electricity
Electricity 3.6 TJ/GWh
Conversion Coefficients and Equivalence
1,000 Tonnes Oil Equivalent (toe) = 41.84 TJ
Note:1 Unless otherwise indicated2 Assuming 9.7 TJ/1000 cu m
85Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Barrels to Tonnes)
Product Barrels/tonne
Crude Oil - Import 7.33
- Local 7.60
Motor Gasoline 8.55
Diesel 7.50
Fuel Oil 6.60
Kerosene 7.90
LPG 11.76
ATF 7.91
AV GAS 9.05
Non-Energy 6.50
86 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
DefinitionThe sources of energy covered in the Energy Balances are as below:
Natural Gas Is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly methane), which occur in either gas fields or in association with crude oil fields.
LNG Is natural gas that is liquefied for ocean transportation and export.
Crude Oil Is natural gas that is liquefied for extracted from mineral deposits and consists essentially of many different non-aromatic hydrocarbons (paraffinic, cyclonic, etc.).
Aviation Gasoline (AV GAS) Is a special blended grade of gasoline for use in aircraft engines of the piston type. Distillation range normally falls within 300 C and 2500 C.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Commercial LPG consists essentially of a mixture of propane and butane gases which are held in the liquid state by pressure or refrigeration.
Motor Gasoline (mogas) Petroleum distillate used as fuel in spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Distillation range is within 300 C and 2500 C.
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) Fuel for use in aviation gas turbines mainly refined from kerosene. Distillation range from 1500 C and 2500 C.
Kerosene Is a straight-run fraction from crude oil, with boiling range from 1500 C to 2500 C. Its main uses are for domestic lighting and cooking.
Diesel (or Gas 0il)Distillation falls within 2000 C and 3400 C. Diesel fuel for high-speed diesel engines (i.e. automative) is more critical of fuel quality than diesel for stationary and marine diesel engines. Marine oil usually consists of a blend of diesel oil and some residual (asphaltic) materials.
Fuel Oil
Heavy distillates, residues or blends of these, used as fuel for production of heat and power. Fuel oil production at the refinery is essentially a matter of selective blending of available components rather than of special processing. Fuel oil viscosities vary widely depending on the blend of distillates and residues.
Non-Energy Products
Refer mainly to naphtha, bitumen and lubricants, which are obtained by the refinery process from petroleum but used for non-energy purposes. Naphtha is a refined or partly refined light distillate, which is further, blended into motor gasoline or used as feedstock in the chemical industry. Bitumen is a viscous liquid or solid, non-volatile and possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. Lubricating oil is used for lubricating purposes and has distillation range from 3800 C to 5000 C.
Refinery Gas The gas released during the distillation of crude oil and comprises methane, ethane, propane and butane. Most refinery gas is retained in the refinery and used as fuel in plant operations.
Coal and CokeSolid fuels consisting essentially of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Coal in the energy balance is mainly bituminous coal (medium grade in terms of energy content) and some anthracite (high quality hard coal). Coke is obtained from coal by heating at high temperature.
Hydropower
Is the inferred primary energy available for electricity production and is shown in terms of conventional fossil fuel equivalent using the average thermal efficiency of conversion for the year, i.e. the hypothetical amount of fossil fuel, which would be needed to produce the same amount of electricity in existing thermal power plants.
Electricity Production
Production of electricity refers to production from public utilities as well as independent power producers (IPPs) and private installations & co-generation plants which obtain licenses from the Department of Electricity Supply and Market Regulation, Energy Commission. Figures for ‘fuel input’ into power stations & co-generation plants were only available for Tenaga Nasional Berhad, SEB, SESB, IPPs as well as GDC Sdn. Bhd. Estimations were made using average conversion efficiency to obtain the fuel input into private installations.
87Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
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88 Nat ional Energy Balance 2011
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