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~'ABUSE WARNING NETWORK

19794wN ANNUAL REPORT

DEA Contract No. 79-15

NCJRS

MAR 27 1981

_, ACQUISITIONS

Submitted by:

IMS America, Ltd. Ambler, PA 19002

Submi tted to:

Drug Enforcement Administration

National Institute on Drug Abuse

._------------~~-. __ ._.- . l!'or snle by the Snperlnten(1(>nt of Docnments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Wnshln/lton, D.C. 20402

-~.-~--------------- - ------

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Chapter

1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

General Introduction to DAWN

Purpose of the Study . . . . . Historical Development ... Definitions of Drug Abuse .. Survey Des i gn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geographic Distribution of SMSA Facilities. Data Collection ......... . Drug Episodes and Drug Mentions .. . Defi ni ti on of DA\~N Drug Vocabul ary Most Frequently Mentioned Drugs ..... . Drug Profiles ........... . Ranks of Leading Drugs of Abuse .. . Standard Notation Ranking Procedure. System Caveats . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

1

· . . . .. 1 · . .. 1

2 • •• 1I 2

· • . . . 3 · . . • .. 5

· . . . 8 · . .. 9 • • • • • 9

• •• D 9 · . .. . . 11

.11 11

2. Emergency Room and Medical Examiner Reports. 13

3.

I. II.

III. I V.

V. VI.

VII. VIII.

Introduction ............ . Drug Mentions ........... . Sex, Age, Race Characteristics. . . . . .. . ...

· 13 13

· 13 Motivation for Use of Drugs Associated with Emergency Room Drug Abuse Epi sodes. . . . . . . . Source of Drugs (Emergency Room Data Only) •...

.. 13 14

Top 20 Drugs: Sex, Race, Age (Emergency Room and Me(fi ca 1 -Sxam'i ner Epi sodes). . . . . . . .. . . . . .

.A. Sex. B. Race. C. Age.

Drug-Induced Deaths and Drug-Related Deaths Ranking of Top 20 Drugs for the DAWN SMSAs ..

· 14

14 14

· 15

15 · 15

Drug Profiles .. · 29

Tranquil i zet~s. . . . . . Diazepam. . . . . Chlordiazepoxide ..

i

. . .. . 32 · . . . . . 34

. . . . 36

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Chlorpromazine .. Thioridazine. Meprobama te . . Cl orazepa te . . Oxazepam. . . .

Barbiturate Sedatives. Se coba rb ita 1. . . . . . . Secobarbital/Amobarbital ... Phenobarbi tal Pentobarbital .. . Amobarbital .... . Butabarbital ... .

Non-Barbiturate Sedatives. Flurazepam .... . Methaqualone .... . Gl utethimi de. . . . Ethchlorvynol ...... . Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids

Alcohol-in-Combination .

Narcotic Analgesics .. . Heroin/Morphine ... , Methadone . . . Codei ne . . . . Meperidine HC1 .. Hydromorphone . . Oxycodone ...

Non-Narcotic Analgesics .. Aspirin ..... d-Propoxyphene .. Pentazoci ne . . Acetami nophen

Amphetamines ..... Amphe tam; ne . . d-Amphetamine .. Methamphetami ne Speed , .

Cocai ne. . .

Psychostimulants .... Methylphenidate. Amitriptyline. . ... Amitriptyline Combinations.

Cannabis .... ~larijuana Hashish .

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Page

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48 50 52 54 56 58 60

62 64 66 68 70 72

74

76 78 80 82 84 86 88

90 92 94 96 98

100 102 104 106 108

110

112 114 116 118

120 122 124

Hallucinogens ...... . LSD •••••.••• PCP/PCP Combinations

Anticonvulsants/Antinauseants Hydantoi n .. .

Codeine Combinations ... .

Inhalants/Solvents/Aerosols

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. . . . .

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CHAPTER 1

~.I\L INTRODUCTION TO DAWN

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

Project DAWN is a nationwide program co-sponsored by the Drug Enforcement Administration and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and conducted under contract by IMS America, Ltd. .

The general goal of Project DAWN is to gather, interpret, and disseminate data on drug abuse from selected locations within the continental United States. The Drug Enforcement Administration uses this information in its enforcement, compliance, scheduling, and research programs; the National Institute on Drug Abuse applies the information in its forecasting, education, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation programs.

The more specific objectives of the project are:

1. To identify drugs currently being abused and/or associated with harm to the individual and to society.

2. To the extent feasible, to determine eXisting patterns of drug abuse and to monitor chanuing trends, including the detection of new abuse entities and new c(',mbinations.

3. To provide current drug abuse data which can be used in appl'opriate cases to assess the relative hazards to health and the relative potentials for abuse of different chemical substances.

4. To provide data needed for the rational control and sche(luling of both presently existing and new substances of potential abuse.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

For purposes of clarification and evaluation of data generated through this system, the overall program is represented in terms of the following phases:

Phase I:

Phase I!:

Phase III:

Phase IV:

Phas~:

Phase VI:

Phase VI!:

Phase VIII:

The initial Project DAWN, covering the time interval of September 1972 through April 1973. This phase is covered in the "DAWN I Analysis" On file with the National Technical Information Service, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.

A modified and expanded Project DAWN covering the time interval of July 1973 through March 1974. This phase is covered in the "DAWN II Analysis" on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C.

A continuation of Phase II covering the time interval of April 1974 through April 1975. This phase !s covered in "Project DAWN III" on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health, EdUcation and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

A continuation of Phase III covering the time interval of May 1975 through April 1976. This phase is covered in "Project DAWN IV" on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

A continuation of Phase IV covering the time interval of May 1976 through April 1977. This phase is covered in "Project DAWN V" on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

A continuation of Phase V covering the time interval of May 1977 thr(wgh Apr'll 197a. This phase is covered in "Project DAWN VI" on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, D.C.

A continuation of Phase VI covering the time interval of May 1978 through April 1979. The "Project DAWN Annual Report - 1978" overlaps part of Phase VI and VII in summarizing data for calendar year 1978 and is on file with the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. Department of Health and Human Servi ces. I

A continuation of Phase VII covering the time interval of May 1979 through April 1980. This Project DAWN Annual Report - 1979 overlaps part of Phase VII and VIII in summarizing data for calendar year 1979.

1

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DEFINITIONS OF DRUG ABUSE

The following definitions were adopted for use in i:he DAWN program.

Drug Abuse is defined as the neln-medical Use of a sUbstance for any of the follow'lng reasons: psychic effects, dependenCE!, or self-destructi on (sui ci de attempt or gesture), i.e., the use of:

a) Prescription drugs in ,I manner inconsis.tent with accepted medical practice j or

b) Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs contrary t,o approved labeling, or

c) Any other 'substance (heroin, marijuana, glue, aerosols, etc.) for psychic effects, dependence, or self-destruction (suicide attempt or gesture).

A drug-involved death is defined as either:

a) Drug-caused, involving a drug "overdose" where eVidence of a lethal level of\, the substance(s) is found or suspected, or !

\ b) Dru~-related, where the drug usage is a contributory factor but not the sole ~ause, i.e.,

accldents, diseased state, withdrawal syndrome, etc.

Drug abuse reports for episod~s involving children under six years of age are not collected; it is generally held that those which occur by children under six are primari ly accidental poisoning inciderlts rather than actual drug abuse.

SAMPLE SELECTION

Initi ally, the DAWN network was to represent the drug-atbusing population as reported by hospital emerg~mcy room and in-patient facilities, student health crisis and emergency room centers, medical examiners and crisis centers. Hospital in-patient units reported to D,~WN from September 1972 through April 1975. Student health crisis centers and emergency rooms in colleges and universities participated in the DAWN net'O'Iork fro~ September 1972 thr?ugh. March 1973. Starting i~ May 1978, only d;;.~a from hospital emergency room!; an~ medlcal examiner~ were ~alntalned as the most approprlate sources for studying drug abuse trends and drug abuse demographlc proflles. Consequently, th~ collection of data from crisis centers was discontinued. The hospital emergency rooms which have been selected to participate in DAWN since September 1972 have !lad to meet certain specific criteria: '

1. Open 24 hours a day

2. Located in non-federal short-term hospitals

3. At least 1,000 emergency visits of all kinds were made to the hospital in a year

Specialty hospitals, hospital units of institutions, and pediatric hospitals are excluded. Medical examiner information is gathered from both medical examiner and coroner facilities located in the 26 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas shown on page 4, Table 1.1.

DUring 1979, the DAWN reporting panel was composed as follows:

1

2

1. Twenty-six SMSAs (Standard Metropolitan Statistical Ptreas), 1 twenty-three rJf which were in DAWN II and III. Kansas City SMSA was in the study since DAWN I but did not become a saturated SMSA2 until DAWN IV. San Diego replaced Omaha between D;~WN III and DAWN IV; Norfolk SMSA replaced Raleigh SMSA between DAWN IV and DAWN V. As of ~lay 1977, the start of DAWN VI, only emergency room facilities within San Francisco County were corltinued in the DAWN panel; faci 1 ities from other counties in the San Francisco SMSA were discontinued at that time. Facilities in the

.' Baltimore and St. Louis SMSAs were recruited into the system in January 1979 and began reporting in March 1979.

Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas are statistical units cClmposed of a relatively large core city or cities and the immediately adjacent geographic areas. Conceptually, SMSAs are integrated economic and social units with a large population nucleus. Present DAWN SMSAs were originally defined by the Bureau of Census in 1972; see: U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstracts of the States, 1972 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Gov~rnment Printing Office, 1972).

Strictly defined, saturation means enlistment of and reporting by every eHgible facility in each specified SMSA. Recognizing the realities of data collection in a voluntary reporting system such as DAWN the co-sponsoring agencies define a "saturated" SMSA as one in which the contractar makes a best effort to contact and recruit each eligible emergency room within the SMSA and negotiates a reporting arrangement. (For results of this effort, see Table 1.1.)

2

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For the New York, Chicago and Los Angeles SMSAs, the size of the region precluded satu.ration reporting. TherefOl'e, in 1973 (for DAWN II) a sample of approximately forty hospitals for each of the three SMSAs was randomly drawn. 1 By agreement with DEA and NIDA, this sample was later extended to increase DAWN coverage to a minimum of 50% of total emergency room visits possible among eligible hospitals within each SMSAj, the method of achieving this increased participation Was by adding selected and geographically distributed large hospitals to the DAWN reporting panel. In addition, since DAWN II, a small percentage of the original facilities has dropped out, and has been replaced by others. The facility samples for these three SMSAs cannot, therefore, be considered statistically random, but may be considered representative of the majority of facilities in the area. -- -

2. In 1973, a national panel of 200 emergency rooms from areas outside the DAWN SMSAs was randomly selected from the universe of all facilities meeting DAWN criteria in the continental United States. Although some of the facilities in this original "National Panel" have been replaced by others, most (83%) still remain in the system. The panel presently consists of approximately 180 hospital s.

3. As of May 1979, 32 of the 125 medical examiners previously reporting to DAWN from the SMSAs no longer report to the system. These medical examiners accounted for fewer than 20 drug-related deaths during their last year of participation in DAWN. Eight "special panel" medical examiners from outside the SMSAs were also dropped in May 1979 •

§IOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SMSA FACILITIES

The numbers of each type of facility in each SMSA and in the total DAWN system as of December 1979 are shown in Table 1.1.

In each case, the named city is the central city in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) as defined by the United States Bureau of the Census in 1972. The geographic boundary of each sampling point is therefore the boundary of the SMSA instead of that of the central city. For example, Philadelphia SMSA includes five Pennsylvania counties (Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia) and three New Jersey counties (Burlington, Camden ~~d uioucester).

As; llreviously stated, the gual of "saturation" was to enlist in the DAWN reporting system every eligible hospital located within the 22 "saturated" SMSAs, all emergency rooms within San Francisco County and a representatiVe sample of emergency rooms in the New York, Chicago and Los Angeles SMSAs. Table 1.1 also shows the de9rees of saturation and coverage (ratio of DAWN emergency room visits to total SMSA emergency room Visits) achieved for emergency rooms and the level of saturation for medical examiners.

When the term "total DAWN system" (TDS) is used in this report, it refers to the sum of data from all facilities in all SMSAs and in the National Panel that report to DAWN; it is not intended to be interpreted as representing the entire United States or truly national totals.

1979 U.S. Census - When this term is used in the text or in tables, it refers to the 1979 U.S. Bureau of the Census estimates2 of the population of the entire country, not the total populations of the SMSAs in the DAWN system. Differences in demographic distributions in the population between the total DAWN system and the entire U.S. population are unltkely to be great since the DAWN SMSAs and National Panel include over one-third of the U.S. population.

1

2

Hospitals listed in the American Hospital Association: Guide to the Health Care Field (Chicago: American Hospltal Assoclatlon, 1973), were asslgned numbers. THen a random number method was employed to select the numbers of the hospitals which would comprise th~ Mew York, Chicago and Los Angeles samples.

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No 870, "Estimates of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex, and Race: 1976 to 1979" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980).

3

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TJI..ELE 1.1

TOTAL DAml 1m3TEM SATURATIOn RATE PJID PERCENT OF COVERAGE

DAWN ANNUAL .REPORT - .TANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

EMERGENCY ROOMS MEDICAL EXJ!lIDOOlS Saturation Total Total Percent of' # Counties and Saturation

PO=iOna #ERs #ERs b Rate ER Visits DAWn Coverage Independent Cities # MEs f Rate Saturated SMSAs in SMSA in DAWN ~ in S1-!SAc ER Visits ~ in SMSA in DAm --1

Atlanta, GA 1,553,700 22 16 73 640,552 570,268 89 5 2 40 Baltimore, MD"" 2,145,100 28 19 68 768,963 495,097 64 6 6 100 Boston, lA.A 2,697,212 39 33 85 1,213,942 1,058,568 87 5 5d 80 Buff'al0, IlY 1,302,900 19 19 100 466,236 466,236 100 2 5e 100 Cleveland, on 1,938,900 33 27 82 760,863 602,451 79 4 1 25 lJallas,TX 1,798,000 35 23 66 558,776 436,292 78 6 1 17 Denver-Boulder, CO 1,480,000 19 17 89 489,879 450,912 92 5 5 100 DetrOit, MI 4,093,400 52 45 87 1,379,931 2,147,671 83 3 3 100 Indianapolis, IN 1,156,100 14 II 79 410,473 3"9,105 85 8 2 25 Kansas City, MO/KS 1,305,200 27 23 85 410,827 397,135 97 6 2 33 Miami, FL 1,451,200 27 16 59 520,795 lf32,212 83 1 1 100 Minneapolis-St. Paul, Illi 1,866,800 30 24 80 580,929 521,745 90 5 3 60 !lev Orler-.ns, IA 1,141,100 21 18 86 543,620 475,552 87 4 2 50 rtorf'olk-Portsmouth-Virg1n1a Beach, VA 742,600 9 8 89 251,087 231,083 92 4 3 75 Oklahoma. City, OK 716,300 14 13 93 233,109 224,265 96 3 1 33 Ph:lladelphia, PA/r,.T 4,770,300 75 S9 79 1,648,329 1,377,105 84 8 6 75 PhoeI'..ix, AZ 1,293,200 22 17 77 367,598 336,290 91 1 1 100 st. Louis, MO/II? 2,335,600 38 17 45 826,580 363,761 44 7 7 100 San AntOnio, TX 1,005,800 12 7 58 367,820 293,396 80 2 1 50 San Diego, CA 1,743,600 25f' 19r 76f' 464,301f' 402,103 87f' 1 1 100 San FranCisco-Oakland, CA 3,183,800 12 8 67 271,821 180,021f' 66 5 5 100 Seattle-Everett, WA 1,467,600 27 24 89 407,262 377,754 93 2 2 100 Washington, D.C./MD/VA 2,928,500 30 20 67 816,755 608,495 is 10 7g 90

Total W,1l6,912 630 483 77 14,400,446 ll,797,517 e.! 103 72d ,e,g 68

Sampled SMSAs Chicago, n. 7,029,700 99 48 48 2,383,210 1,135,660 !f8 6 4 67 Los Angeles, CA 7,080,900 ll5 42 37 2,168,985 1,081,953 50 1 1 100 Nev York, llY 10,975,000 123 57 46 4,266,973 2,204,101 52 9 8 89

Total 25,085,600 337 147 44 8,819,168 4,421,714 50 16 13 81

SMSA Total 69,202,512 967 630 65 23,219,231 16,219,231 70 ll9 85d ,e,g 70

Hational Panel 176 4h -It ~-,- ... --- -~----~.~~--~.---.----- -"

*See Introduction

/l.population f'1gures are the updated (1978) population estimates obtained f'rom the U.S. Bureau of' the Census, Current Poculation Reoorts. Population Estimates and Projections, Series P-25, No. 873, February 1980. Boston SMSA f'1gures obtained f'rom the U.S. fureau of' the Census, 1977 Poculation Estimates f'or Counties. Incoroorated Places. and Mjnor Civil Divisions in Massachusetts, Series P-25, No. 834, November 1979.

bFacilities in DAWN as of' December 1979.

COne year's total obtained !'rom the 1978 Annual Survey of' Hospitals tape, American Hospital Association, and DAm. reported visits f'or 1979, updated through April 30, 1980.

~o medical exami:09rs report f'rom Suf'f'olk County.

eFour medical examiners report !'rom Niagara County.

f'San Francisco County only

gOne medical examiner reports f'or three areas: Fairf'ax County, VA; Fairf'ax City, VA; and Falls Church, VA.

~e percent 1$ based upon total emergency rooms and emergency room visits obta:!ned !'rom the 1976 Annual Survey, American Hospital Association.

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J

OMB No. 43-R-0545

HOSI'ITAL EMERGENCY ROOM Bool< Expiration Date April 30, 1980

I HOSPITAL

DATE I TIME OF VISIT ~ ____________________________________________________ ~. _________________ O~A~.M~.~ __ ~OP.M. ] ,

, i

(A) PATIENT INFORMATION

AGE 1 SEX I RACE o MALE o FEMALE o WHITE o BLACK o UNKNOWN o OTHER

EMPLOYMENT STATUS o STUDENT (ANY) o UNEMPLOYED o RETIRED WORKER o UNKNOWN

o EMPLOYED o HOMEMAKER o OTHER )

PATIENT CUR~ENTLY ENROLLEO IN TREATMENT/REHABILITATIONjc IF YES, CHECK TYPE 0 METHADONE DETOXIFICATION PROGRAM

DYES 0 NO 0 UNKNOWN 0 METHADONE MAINTENANCE 0 OTHER

'<

REASON FOR TAKING SUBSTANCE(SI REASON FOR PRESENT CONTACT DISPOSITION > I , o PSYCHIC EFFECTS o UNEXPECTED REACTION o REFERRED TO ANOTHER AGENCY

o DEPENDENCE o OVERDOSE o TREATED AND REFERRED

o SUICIDE ATTEMPT OR GESTURE o CHRONIC EFFECTS o TRfATED AND RELEASED

o UNKNOWN o UNKNOWN o ADMITTED ro HOSPITAL

o OTHER, SPECIFY o OTHER, SPECIFY o LEFT AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE

~ ! )t:' :

I: t· '< I' .l5_

o DIED

o UNKNOWN

Go. 10

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(B) DRUG SUBSTANCE INFORMATION

LIST EACH SUBSTANCE NAME (CHEMICAL, GENERIC, TRADF. OR STREET NAMEIIN ONE OF THE NUMBERED SPACES BELOW

q J " J;

~ 1.

FOR EACH OF THE SUBSTANCES LISTED ABOVE, CHECK APPROPRIATE ANSWERS IN EACH RESPONSE FIELD BELOW.

I.' !~

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FORM IN WHICH DRUG WAS ACQUIRED ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION I SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE 1 2 3 NUMBER

it , j

TAB/CAP/PI LL 0 0 0 1 2 3

AEROSOL 0 0 0 ORAL 0 0 0 LIQUID 0 0 0 INJECTION (SPECIFY I.V., S.C., I.M.) 0 0 0 POWDER 0 0 0 INHALED (GAS, VOLATILE LIQUID, AEROSOL) 0 0 0

It \i l, )

PAPER 0 0 0 SMOKED 0 0 0 INJECTABLE LIQUID 0 0 0 SNIFFED, SNORTED (e.g., COCAINEI 0 0 0 CIGARETTE 0 0 0 UNKNOWN 0 0 0

,-

J PLANT MATERIAL 0 0 0 OTHER, SPECIFY

UNKNOWN 0 0 0 ! nT~I:R C:PI:I"II:V I

SOURCE OF SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSTANCE SUBSTANCE NUMBER (CHECK ALL' THAT APPL Y) NUMBER

1 2 3 1 2 3

LEGAL RX 0 0 0 Patient's statement of identification 0 0 0 FORGED RX 0 0 0 Doctor's statement of identifiC3tion 0 0 0 STREET BUY 0 0 0 Positilll! clinical response to symptomatic treatment of drug 0 0 0 O.T.C. 0 0 0 Possession of commercial identifiable dosage form 0 0 0 STOLEN 0 0 0 Statement of accompanying individual 0 0 0 GIFT 0 0 0 Identification of substance from blood sample 0 0 0 I UNKNOWN 0 0 0 Identification of substance from urine sample 0 0 0

0 0 0 ,

OTHER SPECIFY Identification of substance from other body fluid or tissue j CLINICAL STATUS: LNSCIOUS o UNCONSCIOUS o DEAD

I o COHERENT

! o INCOHERENT

6

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OMI3 No. 43·R·0545

MEDICAL EXAMINERS Book Expiration Date April 30, 1980 - -.--------• ...,..,.D'""'"'TE"'O"'F"D"E"'ATiTHU-----C--'--COUNTY & STIi'fE'------------'---------------

I-___________________ ' __ ~- -_ .. ~ -~------- iiPRESlJMEciOR 0 CONFIRMED

~~~yOL.V~E~D~D~E~A~T,~H-----------~

(A) INFORMATION oN DECEAS~ __ ,,-----------------I SEX: ,-]RACE:

O W-H-'T-E-- 0 BLACK 0 UNKNOWN __ O=-.:O_T_H_ER ____________ -j AGE:

o MALE 0 FEMALE -------I :-,-:-::-:-=:-:::-:=-::=:;:;-;;:~~:7.:-~~~---nUNEMPI· 0 I1ETIRED WORKER 0 UNKNOWN r-EMPLOYMENT STATUS: 0 STUDENT (ANYI 0 UNEMPLOYED -==--.....,.c-:--::":7:~=:;;-;;::_o_N;;:;;""-----1

d o HOMEMAKER 0 OTHER o EMPLOYE ~_. ____ - --·-.. -G·~AM-----'~F 'i"E5,'CFiECK'i'VI'F" 0 METHADONE DETOXIFICATION hW'"'"A-'S'"'D""'E:-::C:=E""'AS:-::E;-;:;D:-;:E~N~R"O;-;L L.!EE'riD'i, N~TRSiEoiTiTMENT /R E H AS I LIT A TlON PRO R - 0 METHADONE MA I NTENANCE 0 OTH EEIR~======-1

O NO o UNKNOWN _ - .- .-,~- •. ----- ) ~_ . --' .-- .• - -~_ ... _____ ~tJ.!'J!'!.~~.~,.::E~A~T!.!.H..!.(c:::h~ec::.::k~o::.::n::::ec....------_j

CAUSE OF DEATH ACCIDENTALI SUICIDE HOMICIDE UNKNOWN UNEXPECTED

~-------,-_-A-.-:D-:-:IR::-:E::::-c:T_--S-I-NG-L-E-D-RUG·CAI.-IS-E·-- 0 0 (Overdose) (The single drug is named I 0 in Box #1 below.)

DRUG INDUCED (Overdo!e or

Drug Reactionl

B. DIRECT - MUL TIPLE DRUG CAUSE (Caus .. not attributable specificallf to any one drug, but to· drug overdose.)

C. IDIOSYNCRA TIC - UNEXPECT!D EFFECT. ANAPHYLACTIC OH

I IMMUNE REACTION (Drug R:a_ctIO_~) .. __ _

~ ------+--D.COMliiNAitON-WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL

CONDITION DRUG RELA TED

(Contributory Factod

E. COMBINATION WITH EXTERNAL PHYSICAL EVENT

F. COMBINA TION WITH MEDICAL DISORDER PROBABL Y DRUG CAUSED

~--------~------

0-

o

o o

o

o o

PLEASE NOTE: (To be answered only in the cas~ of

o

o o o

CAUSE OF DEATH DETERMINATION SUPPORTED BY; (Check All that Apply)

o Toxicological Lab Report o Autopsy o Site Inspection

ACCIDENTAL/UNEXPECTED manner of death.) When the manner of d~ath was accldent~l/unexpected (u~intentional), was the decedent's use of drugs motivated eitli~r by a deSlf~ for psychic effects or dependence upon the drug which induced or

contributed to the death 7 o External Physical Symptoms o Statement of Family/Friends DYES o NO o UNKNO/,JN

o Other (specify)

(B)DRUGSUBSTANCEINFORMAT~IO~N~ __ ~'_7~~~--_----~:-:::-:::::-::::::~:;;;-;;::-;:;;;;:;;;;::;;;-;rniERic.TRi;:OE,·-R STREET NP,MEIIN ONE OF THE NUMBERED SPACES BELOW LIST EACH SUBSTANCE NAME (CHEMICAL, GENERIC, TRA~C;> ____ ._ -.~~~~:::.:::.:.....:.:.:::..;.:..::.;.:.:.---,-

\ 2. 3. 1.

CK APPROPRIATE ANSWERS IN EACH RESPONSE FIELD BELOW FOR EACH OF THE SUBSTANCES LISTED ABOVE, CHE ___ .. ____

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION SUBSTANCE NUMBER

SUBSTANCE NUMBER FORM IN WHICH DRUG WAS FOUND 1 2 3

TAB/CAP/PI LL 0 0 0 1 2 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 AEROSOL

0 0 0 ORAL 0 0 0 LIQUID (ORAL)

0 0 0 INJECTION (SPECIFY LV., S.C., I.M.) 0 0 0

POWDER 0 0 0 INHALED (GAS, VOLATILE LIQUID, AEROSOL)

0 0 0 PAPER

0 0 0 SMOKED 0 0 0 INJECTABLE LIQUID

0 0 0 SNIFFED, SNORTED (e.g., COCAINE) 0 0 0

CIGARETTE 0 0 0 UNKNOWN 0 0 CJ

PLANT MATERIAL 0 0 0 OTHER, SPECIFY

UNKNOWN 0 0 0

OTHER, SPECIFY = -OTHER METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION

LABORATORY TEST METHOD ORDERED TO IDENTIFY DRUGS (check _rr thlt apply) SUBSTANCE NUMBER

FINDING POLICE STATEMENT OF 1 2 3

TEST METHOD SPECIMEN Un mg." If a.lllabl.1 0 0 0 IDENTIFICATION

DOCTOR'S STATEMENT OF 0 0

IDENTIFICATION 0

POSSESSIOill OF COMMERCIAL 0 0 0 1---_. IDENTIFIABLE DOSAGE FORM

(C) REMARKS

7

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DRUG EPISODES AND DRUG MENTIONS

A patient contact (or abuse episode) represents a death or an emergency room visit to a DAWN facility as reported by that 'facility. In the DAWN context, visits are not synonymous with the number of individuals involved, since one person may make more than one visitlfo an emergency roam, or to several emergency rooms, or have contact with more than one type of facility. Neither are numbers of visits synonymous with numbers of drug mentions, n~~bers of motivations for taking drugs or numbers of drug sources. Each patient will be recorded as one visit but may'mention from one to several drugs with one or more motivations for each. Furthermore, a single drug may have been obtained from several sources. (For example, as a gift from a friElnd supplemented by the purchase of more from a "pusher".) Unique patients are in no way i dent ifi ed in DAWN to protect the confi dent i ali ty of pat i ents and other patif::'lt ri ghts.

An important consideration when using DAWN data is that the system only collects data concerning drug abuse episodes that have resulted in a crisis (emergency medical situation or death). Jhe person involved in the reported abuse episode has typically sought emergency medical help (or died) and the incident has subsequently been reported by one of the two facility types (emergency room or medical examiner). The system reports only that portion of total drug abuse occurt'ences which result in such crises and which surface at one of the two DAWN facility types. Refer to page two for DAWN definition of drug abuse.

In certain situations, a drug abuse episode may be rep~rted to DAWN some time after the episode occurred. This occurs primarily with medical examiners, who .nay wait until confirmation of the drug-relatedness of the death is ascertained and/or confirmed by camp1 eted 1 ab tests, autopsy reports, etc. ,before fil i ng a report. Thus, the data are continually being updated by the addition of these episodes, referred to as "back daJ;a." Of the episode reports submitted each month by emergency rooms, 90% are for the "current" month and the other 10% represent back data. Medical examiner data are 90% complete after six months.

Care must also be taken in analyzing information on motivation. The current DAWN forms report all the motivation responses given without reference to the drug involved. Hence, if motivation is associated with a specific drug (unless only one drug was used) erroneous conclusions could be reached. Because the present DAWN form provides for multiple-drug mentions but only a single motivation for taking the substances, caution must be observed in interpreting specific cross-tabulations of drug/motivation data.

Since DAWN accepts from one to six substances per episode (patient contact), the drug mentions (named substances) must be equal to or exceed the number of episodes. During the period January-December 1979, each episode from emergency rooms generated an average of 1.57 drug mentions, as compared with 2.00 mentions per episode for medical examiner cases.

This report contains the narrative description of DAWN data collected during the period January through December 1979.

Number of Facilities

Drug Abuse Episodes Drug Mentions

Average Episodes per Facility Average Mentions per Facility Average Mentions per Episode

TABLE 1.2

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM DRUG ABUSE EPISODES AND DRUG MENTIONS

BY FACILITY TYPE JANUARY - DECEMaER 1979

Medical Examiners

85

3,626 7,237

43 85 2.00

8

--

Emergency Rooms

806

117,949 185,270

146 ?30

1.57

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Deaths reported by medical examiners are frequently the direct consequence of an overdose of several drugs.

The reader should note that the drug(s) mayor may not be the confirmed "cause" of the episode. When a single drug substance is reported, and a causal relationship seems apparent, allowance should still be made for missing reportable drugs.

Medical examiner data, on the other hand, are more definitive since cause and manner of death are requested (see Medical Examiner form). However, care must be taken to distinguish clearly between the terms "drug-rel ated" and "drug-caused" (drug-induced) deaths.

DEFINITION OF DAWN DRUG VOCABULARY

The substances reported to DAWN are grouped intog~neral categories, most of which are therapeutic classifications (TCs) such as tranquilizers, narcotic analgesics, non-narcotic analgesics, etc. for purposes of uniformity. The exceptions, hallucinogens, cannabis substances, alcohol-in-combination with other SUbstances, cocaine, and substances abused by inhalation are grouped into separate classifications. A list of therapeutic classifications used in DAWN is given on page 10. These DAWN assignments are based primarily upon a pre-existing classification used in the National Drug and Therapeutic Index (IMS America, Ltd. ).

Within each therapeutic class or category, drugs are grouped generically. Thus street names, trade names, or both, may be included in these generic groups. Street names are carried in DAWN due to the inability of some drug users to reliably identify the compound other than by its street name. Reference to substances such as speed may, therefore, appear in a table or in the text. Information obtained subsequently may confirm the street name as a known substance thereby updating the drug records for that substance, and providing more complete information in response to queries on drug substances in DAWN. The DAWN drug groupings are constantly reviewed in order t9 reflect the most recent changes in pharmaceutical classifications and drug legislation.

The term "drug unknown" is used in connection with approximately 6% of the drug mentions. "Drug unknown" may be recorded when the user did not know what had been taken or perhaps did not wish to reveal the truth (particularly if it were an illicit substance), or data were not available on the hospital records.

MOST FREQUENTLY MENTIONED DRUGS

Since its inception, the DAWN system has accumulated a ,vocabulary of approximately 4,000 substances mentioned in incidents of abuse. However, only 25 of these substances account for 63% of all drug mentions from emergency rooms. Thus, nearly two-thirds of all drug mentions are attributed to a very limited number of commonly-reported SUbstances.

When revi ewi ng th is report the n~ader shoul d note that DAWN does not gather data on epi sQdes caused by the ingestion of only alcohol; alcohol is presently reported in DAWN when used concomitantly with another abused substance. Therefore, all alcohol mentions are combination mentions.

Some clarification regarding heroin and morphine is also in order'. Although heroin may be the ingested drug, it is metabolized in the body to morphine. To prevent confusion, therefore, particularly with respect to attributions of cause of death, "heroin/morphine" is treated as a single drUg, and the number of its mentions is the sum of the numbers of heroin and morphine mentions actually reported.

DRUG PROFILES

In Chapter 3, each drug and drug group is described in terms of the demographic characteristics of the drug abusers, whether the SUbstance was taken alone or in combination with other substances, and (for emergency room patients) the source of and motivation for taking the drug. Emergency room data are broken down by SMSA in order to demonstrate variations in the patterns of drug abuse in different areas of the country. Comparisons between SMSAs should be tempered by considering the relative size of the cities, the absolute frequency of mentions, and the rank of the drug in the SMSAs.

For age data, two breakdowns are provided. The first grouping, used in other DAWN reports. provides a basis of continuity with previous DAWN publications. The second set of categories matches the grouping used by CODAP (Client Oriented Data Acquisition Process) a federal reporting system for drug abuse treatment programs and facilitates the use of both the DAWN and CODAP categories.

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THERAPEUTIC CLASS ASSIGNMENTS USED IN DAWN

TC # Therapeutic Class

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Antacids without Antispasmodic Action Antacids with Antispasmodic Action Antidiarrheals, Intestinal Adsorbents Antispasmodics, Anticholinergics Bile Therapy Laxatives Ataractics, Tranquilizers .. Oral Muscle Relaxants ~Tranqu1l1zers Surgical Muscle Relaxants Hospital Solutions Psychostimulants A. Amphetamine Preoarations S, Cocaine All Other Antiobesity Preparations Antihistamines Bronchial Dilators Cough Preparations Cough, Cold Preparations Oral Cold Preparations Topical Nasijl, Ophthalmic Decongestants Diagnostic Aids Broad, Medium Spectrum Antibiotics Penicillin Streptomycin, DHS, Combinations Sulfonamides Antibiotic-Sulfonamides Penicillin-DHS Combinations Other Topical Antibiotics Urinary Antibacterials, Antiseptics Solvents/Volatile Materials/Aerosols Codeine Combinations Amebicides, Trichomonacides Ant'jmalarials Anthelmintics Tuberculosis Pr~~rations A. Cannabis B. Drug Unknown Topical Contraceptives vaginal Cleansers General Antibacterials, Antiseptics Ha 11 uci nogens Narcotic Analgesics Non-Narcotic Analgesics Antiarthritics Anesthetics, General Inhalants Anesthetics, General Injectables Anesthetics, Local Topical Barbiturate Sedatives Non-Barbiturate Sedatives Anticonvulsants Antinauseants Corticoids, ACTH

TC # Therapeutic Class

51 Corticoids, Plain 52 Corticoids, Analgesic Combinations 53 Corticoids, Anti-Infective Combinations 54 Corticoids, Other Combinations 55 Thyroid Preparations 56 Antithyroid Preparations 57 Iodine Therapy 58 Diabetic Therapy 59 Anabolic Agents 60 ,Androgens 61 Estrogens 62 Androgen-Estrogen Combinations 63 Progestogen-Estrogen Combinations 64 Other Hormones 65 Lipotropics 66 Cholesterol Reducers 67 Digestants 68 Protein Lysates 69 Hyaluronidase 70 Rauwolfias 71 Other Hypotensives 72 Vasodilators, Coronary 73 Vasodilators, Peripheral 74 Digitalis Preparation~' 75 Xanthine Derivatives 76 Other Cardiovascular Preparations 77 Anticoagulants ,,' 78 Hemostatics 79 Diuretics 80 Pediatric Vitamins 81 Prenatal Vitamins 82 Other Multivitamins 83 Geriatric Vitamins 84 Vitamin B Complex with Vitamin C 85 Other Vitamins ". 86 Infant Formulas 87 Electrolytes, '1i scell aneous Nutrients 88 Hematinics with/without Iron' . 89 Allergens ' 90 Biologicals 91 Antipruritics 92 Coal Tar, Sulfur, Resorcinol Preparations 93 Emollients, Protectives 94 Fungicides 95 All Other Dermatologicals 96 Hemorrhoidal Preparations 97 Oxytocics, Parasympathetic Agents 98 Miscellaneous 99 Miscellaneous

NOTE: The data on the underlined TC classes are given in this report.

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RANKS OF LEADING DRUGS OF ABUSE

Various tables in this report display rankings by mention count of the leading drugs of abuse within each facility type (emergency rooms and medical examiners) for the total DAWN system and for each SMSA. The ranks of these drugs within individual SMSAs indicate the relative frequency of each drug to the given SMSA.

However, rank ordering presents dijta in a format wh<ch lends itself to misinterpretation. A difference in rank should be considered only as indicative of d difference in frequency among drugs reported to DAWN, no matter how small, and not as necessarily denoting a meaningful or significant difference. For example, a difference of one between ranks of drug mentions could mean a difference of one between the actual numbers (a trivial difference) or a difference of many, which would indicate a more significant difference.

STANDARD NOTATION RANKING PROCEDURE

The occurrence of equal values (ties) for two or more drugs listed in the ranking tables has been given in Standard Statistical Notation form starting with the DAWN IV Final Report.

The Standard Statistical Notation Procedure is best illustrated by the following table:

DRUG SMSA # 1 SMSA # 2 SMSA # 3 # of Ment ions Rank # of Ment ions Rank # of Mentions Rank

A 250 1 250 1 250 1 B 200 2 200 2.5 200 3 C 175 3 200 2.5 200 3 D 150 4 150 4 200 3 E 100 5 100 5 100 5

It will be noticed that when a drug is not tied, it retains the rank 'which it would have if there were no ties in the list (e.g., drugs D and E in S~ #2, and E in SMSA #3). When two or more drugs are tied. the rank 'they have is the aver~ of the ranks they would have had if not tied. Thus in SMSA r,a and C fit into slots 2 and 3, I'Ihe,nce fhe1r rank 1S 2 + 3 = 2.5. Slm1larty, In SMSA 13, drugs B, C, and D fit into '.' -r-slots 2, 3, and 4, ~hence 2 + 3 + 4 = 3 is the tied rank of all three drugs. In the case of ties,

" 3 therefore, rankings mar be denoted either by whole numbers or by fractions, and gaps will exist in the sequence of ranknum?ers.

SYSTEM CAVE,'TS

The 1979 DAWN Annual Report contains primarily unrefined data as received from the reporting facilities. That is, the data are uncorrected for various forms of interference such as changes in the facility clientele or elimina'tion or replacement of facilities in the reporting panel. ConsequentlY, certain apparently feasible conclusions and comparisons between 1979 and earlier years may be unjustified because of the absence of a uniform and continuous basis for such comparison.

Furthermore, changes in statistics such as percentage share or rank of a specific drug may occur not because of changes in the frequency of abuse episodes of that drug but through oPposite changes in the abuse of other drugs.

Some of the mO~;j important of these potential misunderstandings are discussed here as a brief guide to the reader. Users of the 1979 DAWN Annual Report who are unfamiliar with the terminology, nomenclature, or conventions of the DAWN ProJect report series should carefully study the introductory material in this publication.

11

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Whan all of the eligible facilities in a given Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) report to DAWN, termed "saturation" reporting, the data base will reflect maximum representat'jon of the actual SMSA population. As a partial assistance to the reader, the rate of saturation of each SMSA in the DAWN system is listed in Table 1.1.

To avoid misinterpretation of the raw data( the reader should cross-reference drug profiles (Chapter 3) with leading drug ranks and facility profiles Chapters 1 and 2).

Cross-checking of the tables in various chapters is advisable when interpreting data to ensure that the reference levels of the items being compared are identical or adequately adjustable. For example, the occurrence of ten mentions of abuse of drug X from region A may refer to a more, or a less, severe problem than the same number of mentions from region B. This can easily be seen if we imagine A to be a large city of 5,000,000 popul ation and B a small city of only 5,000 population. In the former, an abuse level of ten mentions per month might be negligible; in the 1atter this might be a matter fD)' serious concern.

For reasons such as th01e given in the preceding paragraphs, extreme caution should be exercised in comparing data from different SMSAs, or comparing the data from the same SMSA reported at different times. The 1979 DAWN Annual Report does not include any attempt at time series or trend analyses. Trend analysis for oroad drug grouplngs lS given in the DAWN Quarterly Reports (available from the National Clearinghouse on Drug Abuse Information, National Institute on Drug Abuse, or the Drug Enfol'cement Administration). The Quarterly Reports provide over two years of data for selected drugs for both the entire system and by individual DAWN SMSAs. In addition, summary analyses and graphs are presented for data reported from each SMSA during the current quarter.

The response rate for the large majority of the data cells on the DAWN ~eporting forms is quite satisfactory. However, there are others (motivation and source of substance) for which the proportion "unknown/no response" is high. This does not represent a lack of responsiveness, training or unwillingn~ss on the part of personnel in participating facilities to report fully on all data cells. DAWN is a file review system. If an item does not occur on the emergency room admissions record, it can not be reported on the DAWN form, The following are some of the factors that may inhibit the inclusion of information in the emergency room admissions record:

1. As a matter of policy some hospitals do not ask questions regarding source and form of substance.

2. The attehding phYsician did not supply data on his report relative to each cellon the DAWN form though he may have questioned patient and elicited a response. Consequently DAWN, which depends on a review of emergency room admission records, cannot capture the unrecorded elements of data.

3. Patient refused to supply infon~ation which would be carried in the hospital record containing data on the episode.

4. As a matter of stat~, city or county policy certain elements of data may not be collected.

5. In a few cases, data are collected by the hospital, but the administration refUses to divulge these data to any outside source, etc.

6. The data because of any of the above reasons 1-5 do not appear on any hospital record.

"Missing data" are included in the percentaging base of the tables throughout this report. It is, therefore, important that the reader be aware of the potential distortion in percentages of positive values in tables where the "unknown/no response" factor is significant. Interpretation of these data must always be tempered by recognition of the proportion of unknown (missing) data and the ways the findings could be affected.

Finally, the strength of DAWN data is in indicating the relative fre~Uency of kinds of drug abuse. The number of patient episodes and drug mentions reported by DAWN should note taken as an absolute measure of all drug abuse occurrences in a given SMSA. First, not all eligible facilities report to DAWN in many SMSAs, and second, drug abuse tends to be somewhat underreported. (Current efforts to improve DAWN data are designed to reduce underreporting.) A recent quality assurance study demGnstrated that while underreporting varied by drug class, the relative ranking of drugs was unchanged with the inclusion of misSing data. Therefore, figures reported in the 1979 DAWN Annual Report are representative of the SMSAs for indicator purposes. However, sophisticated statlstlcal manlPI:labon such as inference to larger populations, should be attempted with caution and knowledge of the idiosyncrasies of DAWN reporting.

12

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CHAPTER 2

EMERGENCY ROOM AND MEDICAL EXAMINER REPORTl

I. Introduct i on

This chapter presents descriptive information concerning the salient aspects of d;u~7~bus~ ePis~~~s

~:~~~trt~~r~A~~re:e[~i~~);og~~g a~~u~eedi~;~ s~~~~inre;~0~~~~n6/~;w~aj~~~~~t~::: 1[7 , 949t ~~ w~{~2 w~~~

from emergency rooms and 3,626 from medical examiners. These eplso~escomblned accoun or. d 2 00 drug mentions representing an average of 1.57 drug mentlons per eplsode for emergency rooms an • mentions per episode for medical examiners (Table 1.2).

II. Drug Mentions

he thera eutic class of tranquilizers (38,457 mentions) accounts ~or 20.8% ?f the 185,270 ,emergency T t'P s (Table 2 1) Within this therapeutic class, mentlons of dlazepam constltu~e th~ ~~~~::; ;~~centage (48.3%). Tranquilizers, alcohol-in-combinati?n, non-narcotic analgeslcs an non-barbiturat~sedatives combined account for 51.9% of the total mentlons.

Re orts from medical examiners show that drugs of the therapeutic class:s of barbitu:ate sedatJves an~ narcotic analgesics art~ mosfto~r~~u~nil~fa~~~c~a::~lw~~~t~~~~ de~~~~ini~~~p~~~e c(61~1~:~t~~~S~1~~~ of these classes accoun lng. 'th' th t therapeutic class~s ~~~~bha;lb~{~~c~~5b6i~:r{~~~s~ia;~ ~~3 ~~~t~~~~~~~~ane d;~~Ji;gl su~~tan~:eOf ~~use reported by medi~ai examiners during the January-December 1979 perlod.

III. Sex, Age, Race Characteristic~

A.

B.

c.

Sex

Table 2.2 compares the distribution of de~ographic chara:teristics associateddwi~h ~~~~ c room and medical examiner episodes wlth the 1979 Unlted States Census an t e

~~~~goe~ar Death Rate. The distribution of males and females ~s rep?rte~ fr0!1l the DAW~,Syst~m emergency rooms varies four percentage points from the cOtrrdspon~~~~ ~~~t~~~~;~~~l~cc~:l~~gar~ the 1979 census estimate. Females are overrepresen e ln , underrepresented.

When the distribution of males and females drug abuse episodes is broken down bYb age2g~otP' i~e

difference between males and females changes with the age category (see top of Ta le t'd by 4 1% most noticeable change occurs between the 1~-lh9 age g~O~P'4~h~%eo~e~~~e~a~~ed~~~r~g~~ee episodes more than males and the 20-29 age group, WhlC represen s . , 'f' tly versus 39% of ~ll female drug abuse episodes. Males in the 20-29 age group appear slgnl lcan more often than females in DAWN reports.

t number of drug abusers represented in DAWN data falls into the 20-29 age catego:y. Th~ larges , 43 1% of total DAWN emergency room episodes for 1979, compared wl~h I~l~ ... nu~r~h~sUe~ualp~~ulation (Table 2.2). Twenty to twenty-nine year olds are represe,nte~ ln 38 '2% of DAWN m~di'cal examiner episodes versus 2.7% in t.he 1977 Nat~o~a~ De~th ~a,te s~at;hst~c~. Th~ percentage of 10-19 year olds who enter the DAWN-reporting r~cllltles 1S slmllar 0 e .. population (22.1% in DAWN compared with 19.3% of the U.S. popula.lon).

13

~~{~t,i~~~ ~~;:futi~~~e O~ti~~pf~g~;~~~: ~r~~f ~ J:~~ e c~t~g~~~Wf n~~:!s~~ewffhc:~~~ge T~: m~~~~~f i ~~ ~~13c9de atteh(pt/gesture motlvatlon cltatlons for the 10-19 age group more closely re~embles the

- :gefgrouPh~han the 20-2! ag~ group. In contrast, beginning with the 10-19 age group the percen 0 psyc lC effect motlvatl0ns decreases with age. '

Iable r:h displays motivation, cit~tions assoc~~ted With the top 20 most frequently used drugs, For 5~01%0 for ~~~' PdC~~P~~ lombln~~10ns and marl~uana, psychic effects is the predomi'lnt citation with co~ain (38 8~n) • 1 or marl J

kuana. Psychlc effect motivations for methaqualone (38 3%) and ,e : are a so remar able. Dependence is the primary motivation cited in the use of

heroln/morphlne a~d methadone, 73.7% and 63.2% respectively. For each of the eight other drug groups, acetamlnophen, amitriptyline, aspirin, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam d- ro ox hene ftltUralzePta~ an~ ove~-th~-counter (OTC1 sleep aids, the major motivation cited in mo;e th~n ~O%y~f th~ o a mo 1YtltlOn cltatlOns, was SU1Clde attempt/ges'i.ure.

V. Source of Drugs (Emergency Room Data Only)

Table 2,.6 reve,als that legal, prescriptions are the predominant source of drugs for all age and sex categorles. Whlte~ are more llkely than non-whites to secure drugs through a legal prescription B c~n;has~'9non-whltes are more lJkelY than whites to secure drugs on the street. With the excePtio~ o e, t~ age group, ex~mlnatl0n of the age distribution shows that the proportion of legal prescrlp 10ns as a source lncreases as the age increases.

Tbble 2.8 which displays the distribution of source mentions associated with the 20 most frequently a used ~rugs !ev~als a pa~tern of source mentions congruent with expectations. Aspirin alc~hol-ln-comblnatl0n, acetamlnop~en~ and over-the-counter sleep aids are most likely obtained ~~et -t!le-~ounter. Lega! prescnptl?nS are the main source for all prescription drugs listed with

e ex~eptl0n of secobarbltal/amobarbltal and methaqualone which are primarily obtained on the n;e1Xt. du~r3%Of secobarbital/amo~arbital and !"ethaqualone are also likely not to mention source PCP/'Pcpacno b" t' of alll sdo~drce mentl0ns respectlvely). Over 35% of the ~sers of diazepam and m lna 10ns a so 1 not report source.

VI. Top 20 Drugs: Sex, Race, Age (Emergency Room and Medical Examiner Episodes)

A, Sex

There appears to be an association between the sex of the user and the preference for specific drugs.. T,?ble 2.9 S~?WS that ov!!r 60% of all emergency room reports of heroin/morphine, PCP/PCP comblnat Ions, manJ~ana, met~adone and cocaine are from males. By contrast, over 60% of all emerge,ncy ro?m mentl0n~ of dlazepam, aspirin, flurazepam, d-propoxyphene, amitriptyline chlordlazepoxlde, acetamlnophen, and over-the-counter sleep aids are generated by females. '

The drugs mentio~ed in medical examinel' reports (Table 2.10) also show a relationship between sex and certaln dru~s. ,Males account for over 60% of the mentions of heroin/morphine metha~one! PCP~PCP comblnatlons, methaqualone, cocaine and alcohol-in-combination Drugs such ~s :~ltrlPtY~lne, phenobarbital, aspirin, and flurazepam tend to be associated'with females. d~ntl?bnstOfd tb et other ten of the top 20 drugs reported by medical examiners are more equally

lS rl u e e ween males and females.

B. Race

Table 2.9 reveals at least 60% of the mentions of 13 of the top 20 drugs are mentions by whites The percent~ge of m~ntions by blacks exceeds the percentage of mentions by whites for only on~ drug - heroln/morphlne.

T~~ ~edi~gl examin~r data (Table 2.10) show that whites account for the majority of mentions of a op drugs wlth heroin/morphine exhibiting the smallest share (54 8%) This share represents ~39 deaths related to heroin/morphine abuse out of a total of 619 deaths which occur:ed dyn ng ca 1 endar year 1979. Drugs most reported in deaths of blacks were PCP/PCP clombhlnla~10ns ,(40:2%), heroin/morphine (37.2%), methadone (22 6%) codeine (22%) and a co 0 -In-comblnatlon (21.1%). ' ,

14

(' 1

} \' i

I 4'

1 I, ~. jf ~

" ~ l ~ f j j! if

~ ~ tJ

~ ~ J f ~ I R ~

,4 \'

'# <,< II

~ f '" , t' !. r. <

> , ,

; ~ fJ, .~ ~f r; ;:rl {{~ }~

C. ~

As noted in preceding sections, the 20-29 age category is significant. Table 2.11 clearlY shows the predominance of this age group with respect to involvement in episodes of abuse. The seven drugs for which the share of mentions in the 20-29 age category exceeds 50% are heroin/morphine, PCP/PCP combinations, secobarbital/amobarbital, methadone, methaqualone, amphetamine, and cocaine.

The 10-19 age group accounted for 21% of all emergency room episodes. In Table 2.11, mentions of eight drugs by 10-19 year olds exceeded this percentage: marijuana (37.5%), PCP/PCP combinations (34.3%), aspirin (40.8%), acetaminophen (36.4%), methaqualone (29.3%), d-propoxyphene (23.5%), over-the-counter sleep aids (27.7%) and amphetamine (23.6%). Medical examiner drug mentions for the 10-19 group (Table 2.12) tend to cluster around 5% with the exception of PCP/PCP combinations and methaqualone. For these substances, 10-19 year olds account for 12.0% and 23.0% respectively of the total medical examiner mentions.

Table 2.12 focuses on the top 20 drugs reported by medical examiners. The pattern of percentages in Table 2.12 differs primarily from the pattern di~played in Table 2.11 with respect to the 50 and over age category. For five drugs listed, secobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, aspirin, flurazepam, this age category is the dominant one; in the case of pentobarbital, mentions in this category comprise a 48.3% share of all mentions.

VII. Drug-Induced Deaths and Druu-Related Deaths

During 1979, DAWN medical examiners reported 3,626 deaths either drug-induced or drug-related. Eighty two percent (82%) of the deaths are listed as drug-induced (Table 2.13).

The drugs most frequently reported by medical examiners are barbiturate sedatives, narcotic analgesics and tranquilizers., These three therapeutic classes of drugs account for 47.5% of the total mentions. Alcohol-in-combination, heroin/morphine, amitriptyline, d-propoxyphene and methadone are the five most frequently-encountered substances associated with drug deaths.

Table 2.14 displays the manner of drug-induced deaths associated with drug mentions. Forty-three percent (43%) of all drug-induced deaths are attributed to suicidal overdose. Drugs of the therapeutic classes of barbiturate sedatives, tranquilizers and psychostimu1ants are the major ones used for suicidal overdose. Specific substances identified by medical examiners as most frequently used in cases of suicidal overdose are alcohol-in-combination, amitriptyline, d-propoxyphene, secobarbital and pentobarbital.

Accidental or unexpected overdose occurs in 30% of the cases of drug-induced deaths. Alcohol-in-combination, heroin/morphine, codeine, d-propoxyphene, diazepam, and methadone account for 52.3% of all drug mentions associated with deaths from accidental/unexpected overdoses.

VIII. Ranking of Top 20 Drugs for the DAWN SMSAs

Tables 2.15 and 2.16 display the ranking by frequency of mention of the top 20 drugs as reported by DAWN emergency rooms and medical examiners within the 26 SMSAs. Since the ranking of each drug is based on the number of times it was mentioned in connection with an abuse episode, its rank order is an indication of the relative importance of that drug within that SMSA. Differences in ranks across SMSAs may be trivial or significant depending on the absolute number of drug mentions. Slight differences in rankings of the drugs across the SMSAs should not be emphasized while large differences in the rank ordering of the drugs may suggest a variation that is in fact significant.

Methaqualone mentions demonstrate the tentative nature of inter-SMSA comparisons. ' In San Francisco (County) Washington, D.C., and Detroit methaqualone was ranked 11.5, 16, and 25.5, respectively (Table 2.i5). However, in San Francisco, 63 methaqualone mentions were recorded as opposed to 62 in Washington D.C. and 61 in Detroit. Within SMSA differences in rank tend to have greater face validity. For example, in Miami, methaqualone was ranked second (905 mentions) and phenobarbital was ranked eleventh (160 mentions).

15

TABLE 2.1

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM MENTIONS OF SELECTED LEADING DRUGS OF ABUSE

EMERGENCY ROOMS AND MEDICAL EXAMINERS DAWN ANNUAL REPORT - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

ER Mentions ME Mentions Therapeutic Class and Drug Category COlTlllOnly Encountered Brand and Generic Na"", Drugs !L ! ! !

IR8.N~~t~t~gL - - - -- - - - - --- VaTfiini"- -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -fH~ --~H - -~~i --ti Chlordiazepoxide Lfbrium. Lfbrltabs. SK Lygen 2.869 1.5 49 0.7 Chlorpromazine Thorazine. Chlor-PZ. Promapar. Largactil 2.170 1.2 46 0.6 Thioridazine Mellaril 1.B40 1.0 66 o.g Meprobamate Equanfl. Mi 1 town. SK-Bamate. Kesso-Bamate 863 0.5 61 0.8 Clorazepate Tranxene. Azene 1.736 0.9 7 0.1 Oxazepam Serax 476 0.3 7 0.1 All Other Tranquilizers 9.946 5.4 294 4.1

!AJl.Bt!¥~!Mi~II1EL - - - - - - - - ~ecoiiaT.-Qiifiia1bar1iffoiie- - - - - - - - - - - - - - H~i --H - 1'1~ - -lH Secobarbital/Amobarbital Tulnal 2.516 1.4 211 2.9 Phenobarbital Luminal. Barbita. Stental 2.799 1.5 249 3.4 Pentobarbital Nembutal. Nebralfn 564 0.3 203 2.8 Amobarbital Amy tal 222 0.1 109 1.5 !!utabarbl tal Butlsol. Butazem. Butex. Soduben. Butlcaps 179 0.1 15 0.2 Al; {'ther Barbiturate Sedatives 1.524 0.8 11 1.0

liO!!-gAJl.BlT!!R&Ti §.E.Q.AII1E§. - - -- - -- -li - - -n-='o-'" - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - -- -14·_678

6g - - ~.J}.- - .1.107~ --N rlurazepam Oa mane, ualmauClrrn 'It Itl '.01 1:;;1 •

Methaqualone Quaalude. Sopor. parest. Optimfl. Somnafac 3.270 1.8 87 1.2 Glutethimide Doriden 495 0.3 55 0.8 ~t.~chlorvynol Placldyl 1.965 1.1 157 2.2 Dver;,he-Counter Sleep Aids Sominex. Sleep-eze 2.260 1.2 5 0.1 All Ot,)er Non-Barb Sedatives 2.124 1.1 67 0.9

~Lf.O!J.o.!:.-lN.::.CQM.!l.lliAlj~N _______________________ ~ __________ _ 22,.Q31 _ _ 11.2, __ ],91 __ 11.1

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS " 13.525 ?'.3 1.445 20.0 - -lferoTn7MOrjihTne -,;- - - -- ~,-- -:-:- -; -- - - - - -- - -- -- - - - - - -- --- 6.822 - - '~.7 -- '6i9 -- ii.6

Methadone I Dolophine. Amidone 2.415 1.3 353 5.0 Codeine 1.197 O.G 250 3.5 fleperidine HCl De~e~ol. Pethidine 729 0.4 27 0.4 Hydromorphone Dilaudid 49S 0.3 20 0.3 Oxycodone Percodan. Percocet-5. Tylox 1.226 0.7 5 0.1 All Other Narcotic ,Inalgesics 651 0.4 161 2.2

!!0li-rsJl.i%;kC_A!!AhGiS1Cl - - - - - - - -:-:- -: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -tt~i --H ~ - ~~% --H d-~rOpOxyphQne Darvon. Dolene. SK-6S. S-Pain-65 3.585 1.9 379 5.2 Pentazocine Talwln. Fortral 1.640 0.9 29 0.4 Acetaminophen Tylenol. Tempra. Datril. Capital 3.296 1.8 105 1.5 All Other Non-Narcotic Analgesics 2.718 1.5 26 0.4

~M£.H*!aM1NiS ____ - __ - __ - - _____ - - ___________ - - _____ - - -11'-9792§.6 __ 11

·Ql - - -36jJ __ -oo.~ ",,,phetamine 8enzedrlne • • < .~ d-Amphetamlne Dexedrine. Diphylets ~03 0.1 - -Methamphetamine Methedrfne. Desoxyn 197 0.1 24 0.3 Speed 1.221 0.7 All Other Amphetamines 109 0.1 0.1

f.0f.A1Ni _____ .:. ____________________________________ 1&4§. __ H, __ 141 __ 1·1

fsrc~~~:W!Jt~~f~ate -- - -- - - -- -lfffaTfii- - - - - - ---- -- - - - - - - --- -l·t~i --H -- §.2j - - H Amltriptylfne Elavil. Endep 3.297 1.8 407 5.6 Amitriptylfne Combinations Etrofon. Triavil. Limbitrol 1.842 1.0 3 " All Other Psycho stimulants 2.052 1.1 206 2.8

f.Ali1~81S", __________________________________________ ~'~562--- H - - -22-03 ---00'-33 "ariJuana • • • ..0 '0 <.0 • Hashish 814 0.4 3 "

!!AhL~~.frNQGINL_ -- - - - - -- - - - :--:-: ... - ----- - - - --- - -- -- - -- - - ~:i~~ --U --lIt --l§. PCP/PCP Combinations 6.002 3.2 117 1.6 All Other Hallucinogens 549 0.3 1 *

allIICONV!!L1A!!Tl'aNll!iA!!SiA!!Tl _____ -.., _ '" _ "'k'" - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - ~.~6§. __ 1.{. ___ 61_ - -Oo.Q I{yifantoln Dl,antln •• <0 < •• 66 1., 47 .6 All Other Anticonvul/Antinaus 600 0.3 14 0.2

f.OQ.E!!li f.01iBlN~T10!!S ____________________________ . _________ 1,.!J.4,L _H, ___ 1 __ Q.1

1NJiAhA!!TJil1,PhViNlsLAiRQSQLl _________________________________ 1.41 __ Q·.L __ 5J!. _ _ Q.J!.

ALL OTHER DRUGS 19.692 10.6 560 7.7 DRUG UNKNOWN 11.052 6.4 23 0.3

IOlalQr.!!9J~ii.Q.nl ___________________________________ 181.1711.- 10Q _ _ 1.131_10Q_ I olalQrJ!!l_EI?11o!!el _____ ~ _________________________ • _ __ 111&41 ____ _ 1&2§. _ __ _

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarfly SUI.' to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.05% •

• • • Brand and/or generic name not applicable

"Less than Q,Q§!

.. Denotes zero (0) drug mentions 16

,-

!I il

I ,I

i I ~ \\

!! j

I

I I I

I

I I

TABLE 2.2

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM SEX, RACE, AND AGE COMPARISONS

ASSOCIATED WITH 1979 DAWN EMERGENCY ROOM AND MEDICAL EXAMINER EPISODES 1979 U.S. CENSUS AND 1977 NATIONAL DEATH RATE

DAWN 1979 DAWN 1977 Nationgl Emergency Room Episodesa U.S. Census Medical Examiner E?isodes a Death Rate % % % %

Sex

Male 44.7 48.7 56.8 55.1

Female 55.3 51.3 43.2 44.9

Total 100 100 100 100 Race

White 69.2 86.3 75.9 87.6 Black 26.2 11.8 19.7 12.1 Other 4.6 1.9 4.4 0.3 Total ·100 100 100 100

AgeC

6 - 9 0.1 6.7 * 0.3

10 - 19 22.1 19.3 5.0 1.5

20 29 43.1 19.4 38.2 2.7

30 - 39 20.1 15.0 23.6 2.5

40 49 8.4 11.3 13.2 4.9

50 & Over 6.2 28.4 19.9 88.1

Total 100 100 100 100

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.05%.

SOURCE: Census data obtained from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-25, No. 870, "Estimates of the Population of the United States, by Age, Sex and Race: 1976 to 1979" U.S. Government Printing OHice, Washington, D.C., 1980. Mortality data computed from 1977 mortality statistics and 1979 census estimates; mortality statistics collected by U.S. National Center for Health Statistics and reported in: Monthly Vital Statistics Report (Advance Report), Final Mortality Statistics, 1977, Vol. 28, No.1, Supplement, May 11, 1979.

aUnknown/no response categories have been excluded from percentage calculations for DAWN data to permit meaningful comparisons with U.S. Census data and National Death Rate data.

bDeaths due to all causes.

cDistributions have been adjusted to reflect omission of data for cases/pa.ticnts five years of age and under which are not collected in DAWN (see Introduction: Definitions of Drug Abuse).

*Less than 0.05%.

17

,c~\

1

..

Iill1. 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

White 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

~ 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

~ 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

Unknown/1l0 Response 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

TABLE 2.3

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE. RACE. AND SEX CIIARACTERISTICS

ASSOCIATED WITH

Total iL !

117.949 100 147 0.1

25.810 21.9 50.324 42.7 23.478 19.9 9.811 8.3 7,293 6.2 1.086 0.9

72.186 86

16.479 29.542 13,804 6,393 5.388

494

27,319 36

4.983 13.135 6,046 1.986

864

4,836 8

1,159 2.169

950 355 142 53

13,608 17

3,189 5.478 2.678 1.077

899 270

.!QQ. 0.1

22.8 40.9 19.1 8.9 7.5 0.7

100 0.1

18.2 48.1 22.1 7.3 3.2 1.0

100 0.2

24.0 44.9 19.6 7.3 2.9 1.1

100 0.1

23.4 40.3 19.7 7.9 6.6 2.0

1979 DAWN EMERGENCY ROOM EPISODES

Male J!.. !

52,633 100 86 0.2

10,300 19.6 24.854 47.2 10.715 20.4 3.554 6.8 2.542 /j·.8

582 1.1

31,325 51

6.746 14,597 5.893 2,045 1.740

253

13,352 21

1.883 6.539 3.275 1.018

456 160

2,343 3

450 1,152

496 156 62 24

5,613 11

1.221 2.566 1.051

335 284 145

.lllQ 0.2

21.5 46.6 18.8 6.5 5.6 0.8

.!QQ. 0.2

14.1 49.0 24.5 7.6 3.4 1.2

100 0.1

19.2 49.2 21.2 6.7 2.6 1.0

100 0.2

21.8 45.7 18.7 6.0 5.1 2.6

Female J!..--!

65,104 100 60 0.1

15.455 23.7 25,403 39.0 12.723 19.5 6,240 9.6 4,743 7.3

480 0.7

40,777 34

9,708 14,921 7,896 4.338 3,643

237

13,935 15

3,094 6.586 2,760

964 407 109

2,481 5

707 1,012

453 196 80 28

7,911 6

1,946 2.884 1,614

742 613 106

100 0.1

23.8 36.6 19.4 10.6 8.9 0.6

100 0.1

22.2 47.3 19.8 6.9 2.9 0.8

100 0.2

28.5 40.8 18.3 7.9 3.2 1.1

100 0.1

24.6 36.5 20.4 9.4 7.7 1.3

Sex Not .l~portel

g12 100 1 0.5

55 25.9 67 31. 6 40 18.9 17 8.0 8 3.8

24 11. 3

84 100 1.2

25 29.8 24 28.6 15 17.9 10 11. 9 5 6.0 4 4.8

6 18.8 10 31. 3

11 34.4 4 12.5

3.1

2 16.7 41.7 8.3

3 25.0

8.3

22 26.2 28 33.3 13 15.5

2 2.4 19 22.6

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.05%.

- Denotes zero (0) episodes

18

.-

..

,

Total 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

White 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

Black 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

~ 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

Unknown/NO Response 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unknown/No Response

TABLE 2.4

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE. RP,CE. AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS

ASSOCIATED WInI 1979 DAWN MEDICAL EXAMINER EPISODES

Total J!.. --!

3.626 100

1 * 182 5.0

1.382 38.1 855 23.6 478 13.2 722 19.9

6 0.2

2,705 1

147 945 583 365 659

5

28 332 217 87 39

7 83 38 16 13

22 17 10 11

100

* 5.4

34.9 21.6 13.5 24.4 0.2

4.0 47.2 30.8 12.4 5.5 0.1

4.5 52.9 24.2 10.2 8.3

36.7 28.3 16.7 18.3

Male J!.. !

2,060 100

109 5.3 947 46.0 513 24.9 233 11.3 256 12.4

2 0.1

90 659 337 165 229

2

441

13 210 140

55

23

6

61 27 10 3

17 9

3

6.1 44.5 22.7 11.1 15.5 0.1

2.9 47.6 31.7 12.5 5.2

5.6 57.0 25.2 9.3 2.8

56.7 30.0 10.0 3.3

~ J!.. !

1,566 100 1 0.1

73 4.7 435 27.8 342 21.8 245 15.6 466 29.8

4 0.3

1.223 1

57 286 246 200 430

3

15 122 77 32 16

1

22 11

6

10

5

8

7 10

100 0.1 4.7

23.4 20.1 16.4 35.2 0.2

1QQ. \

5.7 46.4 29.3 12.2 6.1 0.4

2.0 44.0 22.0 12.0 20.0

16.7 26.7 23.3 33.3

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission·of values of less than 0.05%.

*Less than 0.05%

- Denotes zero (0) episodes

19

.1 ~,

Sex Male

Female Unk./No Resp.

Race -white

Black Other Unk./No Resp.

fuJs. Ii - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 ~ 39 40 - 49 50 & Over unk./N1sp •

ota

TABLE 2.5

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE, RACE, SEX CHARACTERISTICS

ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC MOTIVATION CITATIONSa 1979 DAWN EMERGENCY ROOM EPISODES

Total Motivation Psychic Effects Episodes Citations

#

52,633 65,104

212

72,186 27,319 4,836

13,608

147 25,810 50,324 23,478 9,811 7,293 1,086

117,949

#

53,834 65,902

215

73,121 28,146 4,936

13,748

148 26,083 51,268 23,968 9,990 7,398 1,096

119,961

26.4 17 .7 14.4

20.9 24.l. 21.2 20.5

15.5 29.4 23.1 16.7 13.7 11.2 17 .7 21.6

24.8 11.0 20.0

13.5

30.6 18.8 9.1

0.7 6.0

20.5 23.1 17 .8 14.5 13.4 17.2

26.9 50.5 36.7

44.9 25.6 41.4 41.6

23.0 41.4 35.8 40.9 48.2 49.9 28.1 39.9

2.3 2.5 4.7

2.3 2.4 1.9 2.9

25.0 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.5 4.4 2.0 2.4

Unknown/ No Res onse Total

19.6 100 18.4 100 24.2 100

18.4 100 17.3 100 16.7 100 26.0 100

35.1! 100 20.7 100 18.4 100 17.3 100 17.8 100 20.0 100 38.8 100 18.9 100 Total '11~

--. i:'" •. -----------L-----~----------------.,___--1 \.It\, '

Sex Male

Female Unk./No Resp.

Race -white

Black Other Unk./No Resp.

fuJs. 6 - 9

10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 & Over Unk./No Resp.

Total

Total Episodes

#

52,633 65,104

212

72,186 27,319 4,836

13,608

147 25,810 50,324 23,478 9,811 7,293 1,086

117,949

Total Source

Mentions

#

83,449 101,912

306

116,440 40,566 7,285

21,376

174 38,493 78,284 38,397 16,620 12,122 1,577

185,667

TABLE 2.6

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE, RACE, SEX CHARACTERISTICS b

ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC SOURCE MENTIONS 1979 DAWN EMERGENCV ROOM EPISODES

I Over Legal Forged Street the

Rx Rx Stolen Bu Counter Gift Other Distribution of Source Mentions

% % ,; % % % %

24.2 37.4 25.2

35.0 23.5 27.3 28.4

2a •. 2 20.4 27.7 37.2 46.1 53.8 23.2 31.4

0.2 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

*

0.1

1.5 2.0 2.9

1.9 2.0 2.6 0.9

19.0 5.6 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 1.8

22.3 8.5

12.~t

12.4 23.8 18.5 8.7

2.9 14.8 19.2 13.3 6.3 2.5

11.7 14.7

17.9 18.7 18.3

13.6 16.6 20.5 19,3

16.7 19.7 17 .4 18.2 20.3 19.0 14.0 10.3

2.1 0.2 2.1 0.1 0.7

2.0 0.2 2.3 0.1 2.2 0.2 2.2 0.2

2.3 4,.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 V! 2.1

3.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 a.?

Unknown/ No Res onse

31.6 31.0 40.5'

29.7 31.5 28.7 40.2

27.6 35.1 32.6 29.0 25.2 23.5 48.2 31.3

Total

100 lOa

')0

100 100 100 100

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

NOTE: Percentages may not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.05%.

aNumber of motivation citations may exceed nllmber of drug episodes given elsewhere in this report since multiple motivation citations are permissible for each drug episode. On the average, there were 1.02 motivations provided per drug episode.

bNumber of sourre mentions may exceed number of drug mentions given elsewhere in this report Since multiple source mentions are permissible for each drug mentioned. On the average, there were 1.57 sources provided per drug episode.

*Less than 0.05%

- Denotes zero (0) source mentions 20

.,···-·-··--=-=.,.,..,-------------___ liillllllllll ..... "t!'

I ( I' f

I

I

I }

1 I ! I

~ I 'j I (

! I I !

1

TABLE 2.7

TOTAl. DAWN SYSTEM MOTIVArrON CITATIONSa

ASSOCIATED WITH MENTIONS OF THE TOP TWENTY DRUGS DAWN EMERGENCY ROOMS - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

Total Tota I SUlclde Drug Moti vatioQ Psychi c Attempt/ Unk./

Menti ons C ita ti ons 1_--"E.:..ff:..::e"'-ct:::s'--~De2p~en~d!.:.en!!Fc;7e=i.G~e~st¥.u~r=:e :.;-;~Ot!,:\h!¥e~r :-::-~No~Re!!:s!1!p.!.... _---'.!To!!Jt:.!!J.a 1 Distribution of Citations Drug # # % % % %

Alcohol-in-Combination Diazepam Heroi n/Morphi ne Aspirin PCP/PCP Combinations Fl urazepam Marijuana d-Propo;<yphene Amitri p tyl i ne Ace tami nophen Methaqualone Chlordiazepoxide Cocaine Phenobarbital Secobarbital/Amobarbital Hydantoi n Methadone

25,032 18,557 6,822 0,682 6,002 4,666 4,555 3,585 3,297 3,296 3,270 2,869 2,846 2,799 2,516 2,466 2,415

Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids 2,260 Chlorpromazine 2,170 Amphetami ne 1,996

Total

25,658 18,83tl 7,138 6,727 6,081 4,723 4,644 3,644 3,333 3,328 3.318 2,909 2,927 2,882 2,550 2,571 2,522 2,269 2,186 2,051

25.7 16.4 14.1 11.8 54.1 11.9 53.9 15.0 11.8 12.3 38.3 14.8 38.8 16.4 19.2 17.7 16.1 11.0 14.4 32.2

19.9 13.2 73.7 1.3

10.0 4.7

30.7 8.5 7.7 1.9

17.7 10.6 44.8 16.0 29.0 28.7 63.2 1.1

21.1 38.1

36.3 51.6 3.3

67.9 4.0

65.1 4.5

56.4 50.7 66.4 28.0 58.1 5.7

49.1 24.5 37.3 6.0

72.1 46.7 17.5

TABLE 2.8

TOTAL DAW~ SYST[M SOURCE OF SU~~1ANCE MENTlONSb

ASSOCIATED WITH Mn!TiObS OF THE TOP TWENTY DRUGS DAWN EMERGEMry I{OOMS - JANUARY -DE\7FMBER 1979

Total ';

2.1 1.6 0.7 3.4 1.3 2.0 1.3 3.2 1.9 3.2 1.5 1.3 0.8 2.6 1.0 3.2 1.1 1.4 2.3 1.5

Drug St;lIJr'i:cJ Mention$ lijentionsb Legal Forged

Over Street the

Rx Rx Stol~n . Bu~ Counter Gift Dru!! # # %

Distribution of Source Mentions % % % % %

Al cohol-in-Comblr.a tian 25,032 25,037 - - 0.7 2.9 ~2.7 1.7 Diazepam 18,557 18,640 55.5 0.2 2.3 4.6 - 2.0 H~r'oin/Morphine 6,822 6,828 0.4 0.1 0.1 76.5 - 0.9 Aspirin 6,682 6,684 5.3 * 2.1 1.2 79.9 0.4 PCP/PCP Combinations 6,002 6,009 - - 0.2 46.9 - 3.3 Flurazepam 4,666 4,671 63.2 0.1 1.9 1.2 - 1.2 Marijuana 4,555 4,558 - - 0.2 70.5 - 6,9 d-Propoxyphene 3,585 3,593 58.9 0.2 3.2 1.6 - 1.7 Amitriptyl ine 3,297 3,309 62.9 O.~ 2.5 2.5 - 1.2 Acetaminophen 3,296 3,296 9.6 - 2.4 1.5 67.3 0.5 Methaqualone 3,270 3,275 12.6 0.3 0.6 43.4 - 4.1 Chlordiazepoxide 2,869 2,873 64.2 0.2 1.7 1.3 - 1.8 Cocaine 2,846 2,849 - - O.~ 72.6 - 2.0 Pncnobarb ita 1 2,799 2,811 65.3 0.5 2.9 2.2 - 1.3 Secobarbi tal/Amobarbi tal 2,516 2,523 18.3 0.2 1.0 27.1 - 1.3 Hydantoin 2.466 2,466 79.6 0.4 1.5 0.2 - 0.6 Methadone 2,415 2,447 48.9 0.3 0.8 24.4 - 0.9 Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids 2,260 2,262 2.6 - 0.6 1.9 85.1 0.3 Chlorpromazine 2,170 2,171 73.6 0.1 2.1 0.6 - 1.6 Amphetamine 1,996 2,005 8.7 0.2 0.3 55.0 - 4.1

16.1 17.2 8.1

15.6 30.6 16.3 9.7

16.8 19.8 16.1 14.5 15.3 9.9

15.8 26.3 13,1 13.7 14.5 15.5 10.7

Unk./

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Other No Resp. Total

% % %

0.1 11.9 100 * 35.4 100 * 22.0 100

* 11.0 100 0.3 49.2 100 0.1 32.3 100 0.2 22.2 100 0.1 34.3 100 0.1 30.6 100 0.1 18.7 100 * 38.9 100 0.1 30.6 100 0.1 25.1 100 0.1 27.7 100 Cl.1 52.1 laO - 17.6 100 1.1 23.5 100 - 9.5 100

- 22.1 100 0.1 31.6 100

NOTE: a Percentages may not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to roundin9 and/or omission of values of less than 0.05%. Number of motivation citations may exceed number of drug mentions given elsewhere in this report sin~e multiple

motivation citations a~e permissible for each drug mentioned. b

Number of source mentions may exceed number of drug mentions giVen elsewhere in this report since multiple source mentions are permissible for each drug mentioned.

* Less than O.O~ - Denotes zero (0) source mentions

21

: " 1,

..

Dl t ib ti s r u on 0 f M t' en 10ns

Druq

Alcohol-in-Combination Diazepam Heroin/Morphine Aspirin PCP/PCP Combinations Flurazepam Marijuana d-Propoxyphene Amitriptyline Acetaminophen Methaqualone Chlordiazepoxide Cocaine Phenobarbita 1 S~cobarbital/Amobarbital

Hydantoin Methadone Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids Chlorpromazine Amphetamine

Distribution of Mentions

Drug

Alcohol-in-Combination Heroin/Horphine Amitriptyline d-Propoxyphene Methadone Dlazepi,m Secoharbital Codeine Phenobarbital Secobarbital/Amobarbital Pentobarbital Ethchlorvynol Cocaine Aspirin PCP/PCP Combinations Amobarbita 1 Flurazepam Acetaminophen Methaqualone Thioridazine

TABLE 2.9

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM SEX AND RACE CHARACTERISTICS

ASSOCIATED WITH MENTIONS OF THE TOP TWENTY DRUGS DAWN EMERGENCY ROOMS - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

Total Mentions Male

# %

25,032 51.7 18,557 37.2 6,822 67.3 6,682 27.8 6,002 71.4 4,666 30.0 4,555 68.3 3,585 31.3 3.297 30.2 3,296 26.8 3,270 57.4 2,B69 36.4 2,846 66.8 2,799 41.4 2,516 51.3 2,466 54.7 2,415 65.7 2,260 33.8 2,170 50.7 1,996 58.1

Sex Unknown!

Female No Reseonse % %

48.1 0.2 62.7 0.2 32.4 0.2 72.0 0.2 28.4 0.2 69.8 0.2 31.6 0.1 68.5 0.3 69.6 0.2 73.1 0.1 42.4 0.2 63.5 0.1 33.0 0.2 58.4 0.1 48.4 0.3 45.2 0.1 34.1 0.2 66.1 0.1 49.1 0.2 41. 7 0.2

TABLE 2.10

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM

Hhite %

65.5 70.1 34.1 61.1 46.8 71.B 50.4 65.5 71.1 59.1 79.6 70.0 43.1 65.0 71.7 56.2 55.9 67.8 63.7 72.3

SEX AND RACE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH MENTIONS OF THE TOP TWENTY DRUGS

DAWN MEDICAL EXAMINERS - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

Sex

Male Female Hhite

Race Unknown/

Black Other No ResEonse Total % % % %

19.3 3.8 11.5 100 14.5 3.6 11.8 100 52.5 6.0 7.5 100 19.4 5.1 14.4 100 39.B 3.7 9.7 100 10.8 3.5 14.0 100 35.3 5.2 9.1 100 1B.8 4.0 11.7 100 14.0 3.7 11.3 100 23.9 3.8 13.2 100 6.4 2.6 11.4 100

15.2 2.6 12.2 100 40.4 5.5 10.9 100 L2.2 2.9 9.9 100 13.6 3.9 10.8 100 32.2 3.1 8.5 100 26.5 7.6 10.0 100 13.5 3.B 14.9 100 23.5 2.7 10.0 100 18.3 2.0 7.4 100

.Race Unknown/

Black Other No Res~onse Total Total

Nentions # % % % % % % %

993 619 407 379 363 346 256 250 249 211 203 157 141 120 117 109 105 105 87 66

64.9 76.7 41.5 45.1 73.0 59.5 48.8 48.0 44.6 54.5 46.3 54.1 68.1 40.0 82.9 51.4 44.8 49.5 72.4 45.5

35.1 23.3 58.5 54.9 27.0 40.5 51.2 52.0 55,4 45.5 53.7 45.9 31.9 60.0 17.1 48.6 55.2 50.5 27.6 54.5

71.4 21.1 54.8 37.2 73.0 17.9 74.7 18.5 64.2 22.6 84.1 12.1 89.1 7.4 74.4 22.0 80.3 16.5 84.4 11.4 90.6 3.9 86.0 10.8 80.1 17.0 77.5 18.3 55.6 40.2 82.6 11.9 88.6 5.7 81.0 16.2 95.4 2.3 81.8 16.7

5.6 6.5 6.1 4.5

1?.1 2.3 2.0 3.6 2.4 3.3 3.9 3.2 2.1 1.7 4.3 2.8 4.8 1.9 2.3 1.5

1.8 1.6 2.9 2.4 1.1 1.4 1.6

0.8 0.9 1.5

0.7 2.5

2.8 1.0 1.0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of valiJes of less than 0.05%.

- Denotes zero (0) dru~ mentions

22

...

- -- --- -----------

Distribution of ~lentions

TABLE 2.11

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE CHARACTERISTICS

ASSOCIATED WITH ~;ENTIONS OF THE TOP TWENIY DRUGS DAWN EMERGENCY ROOMS - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

Tot~1 50 Mentions 6 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 & Over Dr!!.9.

Alcohol-in-Combination Diazepam Heroin/Morphine Aspirin PCP/PCP Combinations Flurazepam Marijuana d-Propoxyphene Amitriptyline Acetaminophen Methaqualone Chlordiazepoxide Cocaine Phenobarbital Secobarbital/Amobarbital Hydantoin Methadone Over-the-Counter Sleep Aids Chlorpromazine Amphetamine

Distribution of Mentions

DrlJg

Alcohol-in-Combination Heroin/Morphine Amitri ptyl i ne d-Propoxyphene Methadone Diazepam Secobarbital Codeine Phenobarbital Secobarbital/Amobarbital Pentobarbital Ethchlorvynol Cocaine Aspirin PCP/PCP Combinations Amobarbital Fl urbzepam Acetamino\1hen Methaqua 1 ~'ne Thioridazine

#

25,032 18,557 6.822 6,682 6,002 4,666 4,555 3,585 3,297 3,296 3,270 2,869 2,846 2,799 2,516 2,466 2,415 2,260 2,170 1,996

Total Mentions

#

993 619 407 379 363 346 256 250 249 211 203 157 141 120 117 109 105 105 87 66

%

* * * 0.2 ,. 0.1 * * 0.2 0.1 * *

-0.1 0.1 0.4 * * * 0.1

% %

17.0 39.9 15.0 40.2 4.0 59.1

110.8 32.9 34.3 53.4 10.9 29.3 37.5 42.2 23.5 39.4 11.2 36,0 36.4 36.7 29.3 56.4' 10.2 32.0 12.9 5B.5 Hi.1 38.3 13.7 60.2 11.7 33.3 3.1 57.5

27.7 46.3 11.9 42.4 23.6 54.4

TABLE 2.12

TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM AGE CHARACTERISTICS

% % %

22.9 11.7 7.7 23.9 11.6 8.6 28.2 6.0 1.5 15.0 5.8 4.8 8.9 1.5 0.4

25.2 16.3 17.7 15.1 4.0 0.7 19.7 9.6 7.3 26.7 14.3 10.4 ~5.5 6.4 4.3 11.4 1.4 0.9 26.0 17.3 13.6 22.1 4.8 1.2 25.4 10.6 8.7 16.7 4.8 3.3 2e.0 15.0 10.9 29.6 6.1 1.7 15.7 5.7 4.0 24.0 13.1 8.2 16.7 3.4 1.3

ASSOCIATED WITH MENTIONS OF THE TOP TWENTY DRUGS DAWN MEDICAL EXAMINERS - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

6 - 9 %

0.8

10 - 19 %

3.6 3.2 2.5 7.7 2.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 3.6 4.3 2.0 5.7 7.1 5.0

12.0 4.6 2.9 3.8

23.0

20 - 29 30 - 39 % X

37.4 54.3 32.7 36.9 60.3 42.8 30.9 31.2 27.3 43.6 24.1 36.9 58.2 20.0 65.8 41.3 23.8 38.1 52.9 24.2

24.6 30.2 27.5 19.8 27.B 28.3 16.4 28.4 24.9 24.6 14.3 29.3 27.0 22.5 14.5 16.5 11.4 14.3 9.2

30.3

50 40 - 49 & Over

% %

16.1 8.6

16.5 17 .2 6.3

10.7 13.3 20.4 16.1 10.9 11.3 11.5 5.7

16.7 5.1 9.2

21.0 18.1 6.9

22.7

18.2 3.7

20.9 18.2 3.0

14.7 35.9 16.8 28.1 15.6 48.3 i6.6 1.4

35.0 2.6

27.5 41.0 25.7 8.0

22.7

Unknown! No Response Total

% %

0.8 100 0.7 100 1.2 100 0.5 100 1.4 100 0.5 100 0.4 100 0.4 100 1.2 100 0.6 100 0.5 100 1.0 100 0.6 100 0.8 100 1.2 100 0.6 100 2.0 100 0.6 100 0.4 100 0.6 100

Unknown/ No Response Total

% %

0.1

0.3

0.4 0.4

0.9

0.7

0.9

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100.0 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.05%.

*Less than 0.05%

- Denotes zero (0) mentions

23

..

EPISODES """"";1uiiiber of cases

Percent of tota I cases Mentions per case

Tf,Bt.E 2.13

TO'iAL DAWN SYSTEM DRUG-INDUCED AND DRUG-RELATm DEATIIS

ASoOCIATED WITH SELECTED LEADltlG DRUGS DAWU MEDICAL EXAMINER EPISODES AND MENTIONS

JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

Total ~ 3,626

100 2.0

Total Mentions r-!

Total Orug-Induceda

Deaths

2,985 82 2.0

Total Drug-Induced

Mentions ! !

Total DrUg-Relatedb

Deaths

641 18 1.8

Total Drug-Related

Mentions ! !

1RA~~~i~t!fi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - %~i --i%~- ---------t:% -- ~~- -- --------_1~ - - ~} -Chiilrdiati;po,dclil 49 100 45 92 4 8 Chlorpromazine 46 100 40 87 6 13 Thioridazine 66 100 57 86 9 14 Meprobamate 61 100 53 87 8 13 Clorazepate 7 100 4 57 3 43 Oxazepam 7 IDa 3 43 4 57 All Other Tranquilizers 294 100 265 90 29 10

J!.AJiBlTM.~T~ iErDAJ.l1.Ei _______ __ I,m. __ 1.110 __________ .2.41 __ .6.4 ____________ 17.3 __ 16..._ Secouaruita 256 100 228 89 28 11 Secobarbital/Amobarbital 211 100 186 88 25 12 Phenobarbital 249 100 185 74 64 26 Pentobarbita I 203 100 182 90 21 10 Amobarbital 109 100 89 82 20 18 Butabarbital 15 100 12 80 3 20 All Other Barbiturate Sedatives 71 100 59 83 12 17

!!.0!!;:1i8AJiBlT.!I.R!\.Ti iEQAIIIEi ________ i7§. __ 19,0 __________ 191 __ !!2 _____________ 81 __ 18 __

r urazepam 105 IDa 92 88 13 12 Methaqualone 87 100 41 47 46 53 Glutethimide 55 100 53 96 2 4 Ethchlorvynol 157 100 138 8ij 19 12 Over-The-Counter 51 eep Aids 5 100 4 80 ' 20 All Other Non-Barb Sedatives 67 lao 04 96 !i 4

!\,L£OJiOk1N.:.CQMJ!.I!iAIIQN __________ 2,91 __ 1.110 __________ !!Ol __ .8.1 ____________ 19.11 __ 19 __

!iAl!EQT1C...A,t}Ab,GiS1Ci __________ 1..4.4.5.. __ 10.0 _________ l,,Z.2a. __ a.5 ____________ 11.Z. __ 15 __ neroin/horphine 619 100 535 86 84 14 Methadone 363 lao 296 82 67 18 Codeine 250 lao 217 87 33 13 Meperi di ne HCl 27 lOa 23 85 4 15 Hydrol1lOrphone 20 100 20 100 Oxycodone 5 100 3 60 2 40 All Other Narcotic Analgesics 161 IDa 134 83 27 17

JiO!i;;~:f~~~lC...A!iAb,GiS1Ci - - - - - - - -- ~~~ - -·i~~- --------- t~t -- i~- --------- ---tt - - T~--d-Propoxyphene 379 lao 353 93 26 7 Pentazocine 29 100 24 83 5 17 Acetaminophen 105 100 96 91 9 9 All Other Non-Narcotic Analgesics 26 100 23 88 3 12

!\,M£.HiT!\,M1NiS ________________ 69, __ 19,0 ___________ 49, __ 2.1 ____________ _ 2Q __ 13 __ ' Amphetami ne 32 100 20 63 12 38 d-Amphetami ne Methamphetami ne 24 100 16 67 33 Speed All Other Amphetami nes 100 100

£O£{llNI _________________ 141 __ IQ.O __________ l0§. __ L5 _ ____________ 3§. __ 15 __

fS~~~*~+~~~~~~te- -- - - - -- -- -- ~t - -i~~-- ---- ---- §.6t -- ~~- -- -------- - -ij~ - - t~--Amitriptyline 407 100 360 88 47 12 Amitriptyline Combinations 3 100 3 100 All Other Psychostimulants 206 100 195 95 11

£(\~~B~~---------------i}-~~-----------~--«------------~~--~--Hashi sh 3 11' 1 33 2 67

JiA!{~~lNQGiNL ___________ --11i-- ~~~ __________ Ji~_ ,55- ____________ 5~ -- !~-".

PCP/PCP Combinations 117 100 60 61 57 49 All Other Hallucinogens 1 100 I 100

Ml~~~~¥~t~!iTi/aNll!iAJ!,SiA!iTi - - -- -- -{~- i~- ---- ----- ~~ - -l~-- ----- -----i}-- ~--All Other Anticonvul/Antinaus 14 100 12 So 2 14

£OQEINi £O!iBJ,MTI0!iS ____________ 2.. _ _ 1Q9 __ _________ !!. __ ~~ _____ .,- ____ .• __ .!. __ .!.I __

1,N.tlAY.!iTi/i0b,ViNISLAiRQS£,Li _______ Ji~ __ IQ,o __________ j~ __ §,,4_ .... ___________ 2Q. __ ~6 __

ALL OTHER DRUGS 560 100 476 8!:'; / 84 15 DRUG UNKNOWN 23 100 13 57 10 43

loia1 Qr.!!9_M~nii.Q.n.! __________ Z,tJL __ IQ.O _________ ~Q.62. __ !!.4 ___________ l'!?.!. __ !,6_~,

NOTE; Percentages will n~t necessarily sum to 100 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.5%.

aDeath caused by a drug "overdose" where a toxic level is found or suspected, or a death caused by a drug reaction such as an ilTl11une reaction.

.bOeath in which a drug(s) is present and is a contributory factor, but not the sole cause of death.

*L!S"S than ~

- Denotes zero (0) drug mentions 24

.-

r I

t ;/

Ii 1

I 'I \

i 1

I I I

- ---- -- --------------

TA8LE 2.14

TOTilL DAWN SYSTEM MANNER OF DRUG-INDUCED DEATHS

ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTED LEADING DRUGS DAWN MEDICAL EXAMINER EPISODES AND MENTIONS

JANUARY -DECEMBER, 1979

Drug Reaction/ Total Orug- Accidental/ Suicidal Overdose Hypersensitivity/

Induced Unexpected Overdose Overdose Reason Unknown Unexpected Effect EPISODES ----rruiiiber of cases

Percent of drug-induced cases Mentions per case

2,985 100

2.0

11. !

898 30 2.1

! !

1,274 43

1.8

11. !

799 27 2.2

! !

, 14 * 1.9

! !

IR~~~i;t~~Ri - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - ~~i~- ---i~- ~- ---:~:- ~- --~: ii ------~- -;- ---Chlordiazepoxide 45 100 12 27 26 58 6 13 I 2 Chlorpromazine 40 100 8 20 22 55 10 25 _ _ Thioridazine 57 100 13 23 31 54 11 19 2 4 Meprobamate 53 100 17 32 31 58 5 9 Clorazepate 4 100 4 IDa Oxazepam 3 100 3 lao All Other Tranquil izers 265 100 35 13 169 64 61 23

8ARBITURATE SEDATIVES 941 100 226 24 539 57 175 19 1 * - -Sec$artitar - - - - -- - - - - - - -- 2ZnOlJ- - - - - 5:1- T,j- - - 'J.51J-Il6- - - 25' 'J.r - - - - - -_- -_- - --

Secobarbital/Amobarbital 186 lao 39 21 94 51 53 28 Phenobarbital 185 100 53 29 92 50 39 21 Pentobarhital 182 100 30 16 121 66 31 17 Amobarbital 89 100 28 31 49 55 12 13 Butabarbital 12 100 5 42 7 58 All Other Barbiturate Sedatives 59 100 18 31 26 44 15 25

NON-BARBITURATE SEOATmS ' 392 100 105 27 219 56 68 17 • _ - -"rui'iizepaiii - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - 92'J.00- -- - - -,- -8- - - - IDl- 74- - - -17 -Ill' -- - - --_- __ - - --

Methaqualone 41 100 13 32 18 44 10 24 Glutethimide 53 100 16 30 25 47 12 23 Ethchlorvynol 138 100 52 38 60 43 26 19 Over-The-Counter Sleep Aids 4 100 3 75 1 25 All Other Non-8arb Sedatives 64 100 14 22 47 73

!\,L£OJiOh-1N.:.CJl1'1J!.I!iAI IQN ____________ 8P.3_1Q.0 _____ 2~8_ !6 ____ 27..1_ !4 ___ !3~ _2~ ______ 4 __ * ___ _ !iARCOTIC ANALGESICS 1,228 WO 529 43 132 11 561 46 6 *

Herofii/Morphfiie - - - - - - - - - - - - - -53!nlfo- - - - 270- 02- - - - 31)- -6- - - 2'25' -4'2' - - - - - -r -.- - - -Methadone 296 100 100 34 17 6 178 60 1 Codeine 217 100 114 53 59 27 41 19 3 Meperidine HCl 23 100 11 48 4 17 8 35 Hydromorphone 20 100 15 75 2 10 3 15 Oxycodone 3 100 1 33 2 67 All Other Narcotic Analgesics 134 100 10 7 18 13 106 79

NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS 590 100 185 31 268 45 143 24 2 • - -AspTrTn- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1l!2-:lUO- - - --2r '21- - - - or o:r - - -zT""20 -- - - - -_- -_- ---

d-Propoxyphene 353 1100 108 31 156 44 88 25 I Pentazocine 24 100 10 42 3 33 5 21 I Acetaminophen 96 100 41 43 35 36 20 21 All Other Non-Narcotic Analgesics 23 100 5 22 15 65 3 13

AMPHETAMINES 40 100 30 ;,j 5 13 5 13 _ _ - -Aiiiplid'aiiiiiie- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - !O-l1YO- - - - -TO 70 - - - T To- - - -:r -10 - - - -- --- -_- - -­

d-ilmphetami ne Methamphetamine 16 100 12 75 3 19 Speed All Other Amphetamines 4 100 75 25

£O£.A1~i __________________ _ IQ6_lQO _ ____ 2,4_ 2,0 ____ ,!4_ ,!3 ____ 2!_2! ______ 2 __ 2 ___ _

fSYCJiOSTIMULANTS 563 100 92 16 320 57 149 26 2 * Metl1yTpl1eiifdate- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5-'100- - - - - -2- 40- - - - -Z- 40- - - - T -211- - - - - --- --- - --Amitriptyline 360 100 60 17 176 49 123 34 I * Amitriptyline Combinations 3 100 3 100 All Other Psychostimulants 195 100 30 15 139 71 25 13

CANNABIS 4 100 2 50 2 50 - - - -- -MarTj'uana-- --- - -- - - - - -- -- - -3-ioo-- - - - -2-"61 - - - -r 13-- - --::: - -::: -- - ---_- -_-- --

Hashish I 100 I 100

JiALL.!I.ClNQGENS 62 lao 46 74 4 6 12 19 - _ LSD - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -riiio- - -- - -rmo- - - - -_- -_- -- - -;:- -;: - -----_--_- ---

pCP/pcP Combinations 60 100 44 73 4 7 12 20 All Other Hallucinogens I 100 1 100

ANTICONVULSANTi/ANTINAUSEANTS 48 100 6 13 27 56 15 31 - • -H~~Thm- ---------------36WO-----.T4---Tb44---lli-~------:-:---

All Other Anticonvul/Antinaus 12 100 1 8 11 92

£.OQEINi £.0J1lllJIATl0!iS_ 8 100 2 25 5 63 1 13 - --------------------------------------------------

ALL OTHER DRUGS DRUG UNKNOWN

476 100 13 100

108 23 3 23

129 27 4 31

236 50 4 31

3 I 2 IS

1091 Qr.!!9_M~niii!.n.! ____________ €i..O.§U.QO ____ h8j9_1L __ 2..1~9_1!L _ 1.191 _ ~ _____ 1~ _ ~ __ _

NOTE: Percentages will not necessarily sum to 100 due to rounding and/or omission of values of less than 0.5%.

*Less than 9.:..§!

- Denotes zero (0) drug mentions

25

."",O .. i;' ... , -----:i""" ... ------------------..... ----_:o;>""--.._~_""_'''''''

i i ! I j 1

11

I ! '

r

L ..

,-

.... '.'

'" 0'1

TABLE 2.15

RANK OF TlIE TOP TWENTY moos OF ABUSE FROM EMERGENCY ROOMS BY SMSA AND TOTAL DAWN SYSTEM

DAWN ANNUAL REPORT - JA."IUARY-DEO,1.MBER 1979

Total DAWN System

Atlanta Bal t1more"" Boston Buffalo Chicago

Cleveland Dallas Denver Detroit Indianapolis

Kansas City Los Angeles Miami ' Minneapolis New Orleans

New York Norfolk Oklahoma City Philadelphia PhOenix

St. Louis** San A.ntonio San Diego San Franoisoo County Sea.ttle Washington, D.O.

National Panel

Total Drug

~Ientions

165,270

4,063 3,748 7,450 4,539

11,042

4,444 2,817 5,106

12,875 3,212

3,149 14,125 10,235

4,143 3,387

30,326 1,429 1,529

10,999 4,653

2,500 1,499 4,990 3,236 4,466 5,460

19,808

Total Drug

EpisOdes

117,949

2,463 2,352 4,333 2,829 7,093

2,848 1,879 3,267 8,381f 1,970

1,914 10,090

6,486 2,443 2,206

19,163 952 96~

7,244 2,743

1,'165 966

3,011 2,179 2,562 3,529

12,570

1

1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 1

1 2 1 1 5

1 2 2 2 1

2 1.5 1 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 2

2 1 2 2 2

2 3 3 3 1

2 1 1 1 2

1 1.5 2 3 2 2

3

17 ~~i 3 3

* 3

20 .. 18

3 .. .. 7

10 * 3

3 .. *

19 6

19 19.5

3 1

15.5 3

4

3 6 4 4 5

3 3 3 5 3

3 5 9 2 7

13 3 4 4 3

6 3 4.5 9.5 3

" NOTE: Rank.' are based on numbers of mentions Of drugs excluding Drug Unknown within SMSA.

*Below top 20 drugs

**See IntrOduotion

.. 5

* 3 4

4

* *

10 5

13 1 7 5 4

6

* 6 10 11

* if

~ 5

17 6

aln the Detroit SMSA thioridazine and ohlorpromazine each had 102 mentions anc! a rank of 20;5.

bIn the Indianapolis SMSA meprobamate and amphetamine each had 26 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

cln the Los Angeles SMSA hydantoin and "the'~lorvynol each had 128 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

6

4 14 12 4

6 11 7.5 5 7 11

6 4 5 7 6

4 4 6 4

14

17.5 6 3 3 4

3 4.5 4.5 G 4 7

7 20 IS

4 10.5

17 16

4 9

IS

.. *

11 .. 16.5 ..

6 8

12 8

dIn the Minneapolis SMSA clorazepate and chlorpromazine eaoh had 35 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

eln the New Orleans SMSA secobarbital and chlorpromazine each had 45 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

fIn the Oklahoma City SMSA ohlorpromazine and seoobarbital eaoh had 16 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

6 9

9.5 6 7 8 5 8 6 11

14 20

5 7 6 6 4

6 12

* 11 11

.. 5

10.5 5 5

6 6 9 ..

11 10

12 5

14 12.5 12

5 8

18 6

16

14 7 8.5

12 10

~ 4.5 7 .. 9

13

10

6 14 IS 10

6

6 6 4 6 I

7 IS ..

6 12.5

.. 4

10.5 15

7

12 7

13 .. 6.5 5

11

7 :;'0 16 .. .. 13 17 17 ..

8

15.5 14

2 * 6

10 12 17.5

6 17

* 17 14 11.5 .. 16

12

12 12

9 9

13

11 11 12

9 IS

6 .. .. IS 10

20 9 7 9

13

7 12 10.5 16.5

o

8 9

13

13 12 10

* IS

16 .. 13 16 .. 23

* 5 19 16

7 19

* .. 19

* *

17 7

18 12

14

5 IS 12 14 12

16 9 6

17 13.5

11.5 11 11 14 12.5

19 10.5 12 16

9

16.5 13 10.5 19

6.5 IS

IS

* * .. * * * .. .. .. .. .. 6

13

'" * 6 .. *

13

* * 9.S

* IS

* ..

16 17

9.5 * 17.5 16

7 16 .. *

10 16

.. 12 11 * ..

.. .. .. .. .. 20 * 20.50 *

6 12 17 ..

.. 9

12 IS 13.5 .. 19

14 14 19 .. .. 16

4

* * .. .. * .. .. .. ..

18

11 20 14 19 19

9 10

7 14 10.5

9 17.5 .. * .. 8

16 .. 8

16 9.5

15

* 5

11

19

.. .. 19 12 ..

20

.. .. * .. ..

.. * * 14 * *

20.Sa * 16 20.Sb

16 19 17.5 * ~~.Sd 1; 20.5e 19

9 .. * 8

16

* .. 10 15.5 20 18

18 11.5

* .. * *

".,,,,",,'" ........ I \ ....... '

r

L ..

! II I,

il II

~ II " II " I

,-

Total DAW System

Atlanta Baltimore** Boston Burtal0 Chicago

Cleveland Dellas Denver Detroit IndianapOlis

Kansas City Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New Orleans

New York Norfolk Oklahoma City Philadelphia Phoenix

St. Louis** San Antonio San Diego San Francisco County Seattle Washington, D.O.

National Panel ***

Total Drug

Mentions

7,237

5B 12B U9

41 4Bl

169 129 109 415

42

,.1 1,350

3B7 75 34

1,7B4 39

5 269

78

101 57

267 593

92 242

132

Total Drug

Episodes

3,626

37 81 B1 35

214

73 B2 47

IB7 23

23 742 174

42 23

7Bl 19

3 U7 56

5B 31

143 302

60 U6

76

1

1 6 1

1

1 4 1 1

12

4 1 1 1 2.5

1 2

1 1.5

2 1 1 1 1 2

TABLE 2.16

RANK OF THE TOP TWENTY mUGs OF ABUSE FROM MEDICAL EXAMINERS BY SMSA AlID TOTAL DAW SYSTEM

2

3 1 4

11.5 2

14.5 6

I, 3

15.5 1

3 9.5

3 3.5

19 14.5

2 2

16.5 1

DAW ANNUAL REPORT - JANUARY-DECEMBER 1979

3

a,s 3 3 2 B

8.5 1

10.5 5 5.5

1.5 6

14 2.5 6

4

1 4.5 3.5

2 4.5 3 8

16.5 5.5

4

3 4 2 1 5

3 2 3 4 1

1.5 10

B.5 4 6

6 1

2 1.5

11.5 3 4.5 6 5 3

18 2

U.S 4

* 12.5 13

12.5 13 14

7 6

2 9.5

7.5 7.5

19 14.5 15 12.5

16.5

6

a.s 8.S 6 13 6.5 8 3.5 3 10

2 6 4 3 2

12 2 2.5

7

" 9.5

10.5

7 14.5 4.5 4 7.5

13

8.5 8.5 5.5

U 5.5

7 10 15.5

8

6 10.5

7 7 7.5 7 2 8.5

B

~~a 10.5 3.5 6.5

14.5 8.5 8 6.5

12

6.5 2

7 6

18 9.5

12 15.5

2 14.5

6 9

16.5' 5.5

9

B.5 6 9 6 9

B.5 16.5

5.5 U

12.5 4

14 7

10 9.5

16 10.5

19 14.5

7.5 5 3 8.5

10

IB

16.5

* *

12

5 6

15.5 6

5 9.5

19.5

U.S 7

13 U

NOTE: Ranks are based on numbers of mentions of drugs excluding Drug Unknown within SMSA.

*Below top 20 drugs

**See Introduction

***See page 3, no. 3

U

8.5 13

6.5 6

13

U U.S

8 9

12

12.5 B

U.S 15.5

9

* 5.5

19

12

B.5 B.5

6.5

5.5 6

B 3

U 5

15.5

IB 9.5

U

U.S 14.5 13 IB.5

13

14

B.5

10.5 U.S IB.5

* 5.5 * U.S

2~.5b i~·5 12

6.5' 16.5

4 15.5

n

* 10.5

4

II 15.5

7.5 B.5

16.5 B.5

15.5 U

12

19.5 7.5

U.S 14.5

* IB.5

2~f

a In the Baltimore SMSA thioridazina, amphetamine, cocaine, methaqualone, codeine , POP/POP combinations and marijuana each had 1 mention and a rank of' 20.

bIn the Detroit SMaA cocaine and thioridazine each had 4 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

cIn the Los Angeles SMSA glutethimide and thioridazine each had 11 mentions and a rank of 20.5.

dIn the Miami SMSA oxycodone, amobarbital and clorazepate each had 4 mentions and a rank of 20.

eIn the San Diego 'SMaA thiorldazine, amobarbital, methamph"tamine, flurazepam"'and pentazocine each had 2 mentions and a rank of 20.

15

U.S 11

18.5

*

4 9

17

11

14

13.5

4.5

* *

11

fIn the Washington, D.C. SMSA aspirin, pentobarbital, meprobamate, meperidine HOI, glutethimide, thioridazine and chlordiazepoxide each had 1 mention and a rank of 23.

D

16 17.5

IB 13 12.5 16.5 11.5 12 15

B.5

* 12.5 IB 12

15

9.5

15

20e

12.5 U 13

* 3

19 14

5.5

12.5

* 17

7

13 3

16 5.5

11.5

20e 10 11

B.5

17.5

18 13 16.5 U.S IB.5

4

* 8 6.5

12

12.5 IB.5 U.S

18

19.5 15.5

n.5 13 15.5 11 16.5

19

* *

U.S 19

IB.5 3

20

13.5 15.5

* *

20

6 15

14.5 16.5

~~.5b

.. 5

16

2 20e

* 16.5 231'

"'\

I I ,

1/

I

\ -,'

..

CHAPTER 3

DRUG PROFILES

Presented in this chapter is comprehensive information on 42 drugs and 12 therapeutic classes each profiled on a separate table. These 54 tables display the following data for emergency rooms: the number of mentions, proportion of alone usage mentions, drug rank and distribution of demographic variables by SMSA ann ~he to~al ~A~N system. The information included on drugs and drug classes reporten by medical exa~l1.ners lS slmllar t? that ~or emerge~cy rooms but is displayed for the total DAWN system only. In addltlon, supplementary lnformat,on eoneernlng the pharmacological aspects of use is given for each drug and drug class profiled. This material is presented in this way to offer the reader an overall view of the demographic characteristics of the individuals involved in the abuse episodes, to display the sources and other information pertinent to the drug itself, and to provide a display of these data across the 26 DAWN SMSAs.

Th~ reader should not: that since only one me~tion can logically be reported for each drug, mentions and eplsodes are equal ln number when the basls of comparison. is the drug. When however the basis of comparison is the drug user, numbers of mentions will generally exceed numbers of episodes si~ce each user may take, and hence mention, more than one drug. Furthermore, when sources and motivations are provided the numbers of source and motivation citations may also exceed the number of episodes: a user may have obtained a drug through more than one channel or have taken a drug for more than one reason.

It has been noted earlier in the introduction that the response rate for the large majority of the data cells on the DAWN reporting forms is quite satisfactory. On the succeeding profiles the reader will be aware, however, there are others (motivation and source of substance) for which the proportion "unknown/no response" is high. This does not represent a lack of responsiveness, training or unwillingness on the part of personnel in participating facilities to report fully on all data cells. It is rather indicative of one or many of a set of circumstances peculiar to individual hospitals such as:

1. As a matter of policy some hospitals do not ask questions regarding source and form of substance.

2. The attending physician did not supply data on his report relative to each cellon the DAWN form though he may have questioned patient and elicited a response. Consequently DAWN which depends on a review of emergency room admission records, cannot capture the unrecorded eleme~ts of data. .

3. Patient refused to supply information which would be carried in the hospital record containing data on the episode.

4. As a matter of state, city or county policy certain elements of data may not be collected.

5. In a few cases, data are. collected by the hospital, but- the administration refuses to divulge these data to any outside source, etc.

6. The data because of any of the above reasons 1-5 do not appear on any hospital record.

~owever, since the inclusion. of missing data in the percentaging base of the tables throughout this report lS a mandatory specificatlon of the report format, it is important that the reader be aware of the potential distortion of determinate categories' percentages (i.e., percentage of responses in categories such as psychic effects or overdose) in tables where the "unknown/no response" factor is significant. Interpretation of these data must always be tempered by recognition of the proportion of unknowns (missing data) and the ways the findings could be affected.

29 Preceding page blank , ~--~---- ... " ,~.""-~~----. -, ----.-~~-- .-.~--.. --............ ~---~-~~

"

!I'····

I, 1,\ n ;1 I' ~~

h !~

, {{ h ,I

)1 u I' :: :,t

" )i l,1 " 1\

H \'i i'i "

q " " i:' i· :t

L , l I I·; ., '!l

i'l !

f;

t "I , .1. ~\

....

TC #

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

THERAPEUTIC CI.ASS ASSIGNMENTS USED IN DAWN

Therapeutic Class

Antacids without Antispasmodic Action Antacids with Antispasmodic Action Ant1diarrhe~ls, Intestinal Adsorbents A~tlspasmodlcs, Anticholinergics Bll e Therapy Laxatives Ataract i cs z Tranqu il i zers-r Tranqui 1 i zers Oral ~uscle ~elaxants $urglcal Auscle ~elaxants Hospital Solutions Psychostimulants ~. ~pnetamlne Preparations B All otner Antlobeslty Preparatio~s

Cocaine

Antihistamines Bronchial Dilators Cough Preparations Cough, Cold Preparations Oral Cold Preparations T~Pical ~asal, Ophthalmic Decongestants Dlagnostlc Aids Broad, Medium Spectrum Antibiotics Penici 11 in Streptomycin, DHS, Combinations Sulfonamides Antibiotic-Sulfonamides P~nicillin-DHS Combinations Other Topical Antibiotics Urinary Antibacterials, Antiseptics Solvents/Volatile Materials/Aerosols Codelne Com51natlOns J\ii1e51 Cl des, I rl cnomonaci des Antimalarials Anthelmintics Tuberculosis Preparations A. Cannabis B. Drug Unknown Topical Contraceptives Vaginal Cleansers Genera~ Antibacterials, Antiseptics Ha 11 UCl nogens NarCOtlC ~n1irgesics Non-Narcotlc 11:nalgesics Anb artnrl tics Anesthetics, General Inhalants Anesthetics, General Injectables Anesthetics, Local Topical Barbiturate Sedatives Non-Bar51 turate "'SeOa'£i ves ~nbconvu1sants Anb nauseants Cortlcolds, ~CTH

TC #

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

Therapeutic Class

Corticoids, Plain Corticoids, Analgesic Combinations Cort~co~ds, Anti-Infective Combinations Cortlcolds, Other Combinations Thyroid Preparations Antithyroid Preparations Iodine Therapy Diabetic Therapy Anabolic Agents Androgens Estrogens Androgen-Estrogen Combinations Progestogen-Estrogen Combinations Other Hormones Lipotropics Cholesterol Reducers Digestants Protein Lysates Hyaluronidase Rauwolfias Other Hypotensives Vasodilators, Coronary Vasodilators, Peripheral Digitalis Preparations Xanthine Derivatives Other Cardiovascular Preparations Anticoagulants Hemostatics Diuretics Pediatric Vitamins Prenatal Vitamins Other Multivitamins Geriatric Vitamins Vitamin B Complex with Vitamin C Other Vitamins Infant Formulas Electrolytes, Miscellaneous Nutrients Hematinics with/without Iron Allergens Biologicals Antipruritics Coal Tar, Sulfur, Resorcinol Preparations Emollients, Protectives Fungicides All Other Dermatologicals Hemorrhoidal Preparations Oxytocics, Parasympathetic Agents Mi sce 11 aneous Mi sce 11 aneous

NOTE: The data on the underlined TC classes are given in this report.

; Preceding page blank, 31

TABLE 3.01 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - lRANQUILIZERS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

38,457 38

808 34

857 1,751 1,093 1,931 40

95~ 39

749 1,017 2,564 632 771 2,587 l,86B

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX 61 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 3 Over-the-counter + Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 11 Dependence 12 Sulc.att./gest. 54 Unknow./Unw111. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 - +

10-19 14 20-29 40 30-39 24 40-49 12 50 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODA? Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 14 Unk ./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~Ih W Black 16 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male 38 Female 62 Unk./No resp. +

66

2 +

2

30

20 5

55

3 19

+ 16 34 27 15 8 1

+ 11 8

17 16 33 13 1

71 16 +

13

33 67

41 32 39

59 + 3

10

2

26

27 12 49 + 3

13

+ 21 42 20 10 7 +

+ 12 11 24 18 23 11 +

70 27 + 3

42 58

46 1 2 5

2 +

45

13 13 55 + 3

18

+ 15 46 22 9 7 1

+ 7

11 25 21 25 10 1

84 8 1 7

43 57 +

53 + 2 3

2

40

15 8

59

4 16

18 35 25 13 9 +

9 11 19 16 28 15 +

74 15 1 9

38 62 +

54 + 1 2 + 2

41

14 8

48

3 30

+ 19 39 24 10 7 1

+ 11 11 20 19 26 11

1

59 22 6

12

37 63 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

43 40 35

57 49

3 2 1 + + + 2 2 + +

36 47

16 29 3 3

56 56 + 3 2

24 11

+ 17 17 37 40 22 26 14 9 10 6 1 1

+ 9 12

11 10 21 22 16 17 28 28 14 11 1 1

64 79 22 14 + 5

14 3

33 30 67 70 +

69 + 1 + + 1

28

12 4

74

2 8

11 40 27 12 9 1

6 8

18 22 31 14 1

45 4 7

44

34 66 +

66 + 2 2' + 3 +

27

16 12 56

2 17

13 41 26 11 7 1

7 10 21 20 29 12 1

61 26 +

13

34 66 +

37 38 41 41

49

3 1 + 3 +

45

23 3

52

3 20

+ 17 38 21 14 8 +

+ 12 9

19 18 27 14 +

80 12 + 8

33 67

54

2 4 + 4 +

38

14 4

61

2 20

17 41 21 12 8 1

11 10 22 18 25 13 1

67 13 1

19

32 68 +

46 + 2 + + 2

51

1.Z 3

56 + 1

28

11 37 27 14 11 1

6 7

19 19 31 17

1

64 14 4

18

34 66 +

82

2 2 + 4

44 8

43

1 4

+ 13 43 23 12 8 +

+ 7 8

21 22 28 13 +

59 22 6

14

41 59 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

876

Rank in TDS

3

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

24 286 231

+Less than 0.5%

40-49 3 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

141 194

33 Unk./No resp. 26

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

16 22

N

165 19 711 81

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug- Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

Suicide 395 Accid./Unexp. 195 Unk./No resp. 159

Race N

White 729 Black 111 Other 21 Unk./No resp. 15

32

83 13 2 2

Sex

Male Female

%

45 22 18

N

38 66 23

N

465 411

4 8 3

53 47

740 29

77

3 1

2

17

13 4

72

1 9

14 45 21 11 8 1

6 11 25 20 24 12 1

73 2 1

23

34 66

I 1

I I I

i ~--"'_U.tl2i_1 -'.:

.-

I

! I

II

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

38,457 38

Legal RX 61 Forged RX + S~l~ 2 Street buy 3 Over-the-counter + Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic affects 17 Dependence 12 SUic. att./gest. 54 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 14 20-29 40 30-39 24 40-49 12 50 & Over 9 Unk ./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODA? Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 69 Black 16 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male 38 Female 62 Unk./No resp. +

759 5,667 56 36

64 3 2 7

21

44 7

41

2 8

18 45 20 10 6 +

11 11 26 20 22 11 +

62 33 1 4

42 57 +

64 + 3 7 + 1 +

25

8 47 34 + 1

11

+ 11 43 25 11 9 1

+ 6 8

22 22 27 14 1

68 19 6 7

48 52 +

384 42

77

3 + + 1

20

17 1

64

2 16

15 39 27 11 8 1

10 10 19 17 29 13 1

77 22 + 1

26 74 +

TABLE 3.01 - Continued

381 2,530 965 39 43 29

50

1 + + 3

45

11 2

59

2 26

+ 21 41 22 9 6 1

+ 15 9

21 20 24 10 1

77 6 2

15

23 77

50 70 + + 1 5 2 7 + + 3 4 + +

43 15

18 19 5 11

48 60 + 2 2

29 10

+ 17 14 40 37 21 25 12 13 9 12 1 +

+ 10 7 11 10 22 18 18 19 24 28 15 17 1 +

72 84 19 4 3 7 6 5

39 34 60 66 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

·See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

638 36

62 1 4 1 + 5

27

17 9

51

2 22

+ 21 37 21 14 6 +

+ 11 14 20 16 25 13 +

67 19

), 13

4), 59

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

343 1,051 611 998 1,039 4.771 36 31 34 29 36 41

70 + 3 2

2

22

8 1

67

1 24

16 41 19 16 6 2

11 9

23 16. 25 13 2

62 9

25 5

29 70 1

69 66 + + 3 + 3 7

4 3 +

22 24

15 14 7 4

58 74 + + 5 3

17 7

12 5 39 49 25 29 12 8 11 8 1 1

8 1 8 7

19 21 20 31 28 27 16 12 1 1

70 63 9 15 4 8

17 15

33 55 67 45 +

55 + 2 2 + 2 +

40

14 7

68 + 3

10

+ 14 38 24 14 10 1

+ 6

12 18 19 29 16 1

75 9 2

14

37 63 +

54

3 1 + 1 +

40

13 9

69 + 1 9

15 36 23 15 10 1

9 8

21 17 28 16 1

56 32 1

12

34 66

69 + 2 1 + 1 +

27

15 3

64 + 2

17

+ 16 38 23 13 9 +

+ 9

10 19 18 28 14 +

80 8 1

11

33 67 +

As classified in DAWN, tranquilizers are those drugs promoted primarily for anxiety neuroses and psychoses and/or products used for producing relaxation of skeletal muscles. Tranquilizers have a depressant effect on the central nervous system. They are usually clas~ified both pharmacologically and chemical1y as "antipsychotic agents" or "antianxiety agents".

33

Ii

• J 1.3

TADlE 3.011 - DIAZEPAM

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

18,557 35

2

legal RX 56 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 5 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No rasp. 36'

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 17 Dependence 13 SUic.att./gest. 52 UnkMw./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 15 20-29 40 30-39 24 40-49 12 50 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) I-:h1te 70 Black 14 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 12

SeX (%) Male 37 Female 63 Unk ./No resp. +

322 37

2

68

3

2

27

Hi 6

60

3 17

16 33 26 17 8 1

11 8

18 15 32 15 1

77 13

10

32 68

462 1,130 37 29

2

50 + 4

17

27

32 17 41 + 2

13

22 44 19 7 7

14 11 29 17 20 10

68 30 + 2

45 55

2

40 1 2 ,6

2 +

49

13 15 53 + 3

18

16 49 21 8 6 1

8 12 26 22 22 9 1

84 7 2 7

44 56 +

602 1,021 37 37

2

44

2 5

2

47

16 11 57

2 16

19 36 23 13 7 1

12 10 21 16 26 14 1

72 16 1

10

39 61 +

2

52 + 1 4

41

17 9

47

2 28

20 38 23 11 7 1

11 12 21 19 26 11 1

62 20

5 12

38 62 +

482 38

2

53

3 1

2

40

15 3

57 + 3

24

16 36 23 14 11 +

9 10 19 17 29 15 +

62 20 1

17

30 70 +

NOTE: Multiple menti,ons are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

394 37

47

51

31 3

53

1 11

+ 17 40 27 10 6 1

+ 11 10 23 17 28 11 1

77 16 4 3

29 71

,.,

471 1,288 34 33

72

26

15 4

72

3 7

11 37 28 14 10 1

5 8

17 21 34 14 1

46 4 7

42

34 65 +

2

61 + 3 4

3 +

30

17 13 53

2 17

15 42 24 11 7 1

9 10 22 20 27 12 1

60 24 +

15

34 66 +

251 31

2

40

4 1

4

n3

25 4

48

2 23

20 39 20 15 6 +

14 9

21 19 24 13 +

80 14

34 66

348 1,447 33 40

2

53

2 2

3 +

40

13 4

60

2 21

17 41 20 13 8 1

11 8

20 20 24 15 1

70 12 1

17

33 67 1

3

47 + 1 +

50

13 3

55 + 1

28

10 36 27 15 12 1

5 7

19 18 32 19 1

65 14 4

17

31 69 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

767 36

3

80

2 3

2

14

36 15 43

1 5

+ 12 44 23 11

9 +

+ 7 7

22 23 27 If. +

63 13 6

14

37 63 +

No. of Menti ons

346 Alone 14 4 Drug- Induced Drug-Rel ated

Rank In TDS

6

Age N

6-9 10-19 12

40-49 3 50 & Over

In Comb.

N

37 51

20-29 148 30-39 98

43 Unk./No resp. 28

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

11 15

332 96 Deaths Deaths

N

Suicide 109 Accid./Unexp. 107 Unk./No resp. 66

Race N

White 291 Black 42 Other 8 Unk./No resp. 5

34

84 12 2 1

Sex

Male Female

32 31 19

N

17 34 13

N

206 140

5 10 4

60 40

243 22

72

2 2

21

19 8

62

2 10

H (,3 17 11 '. u 2

5 14 24 23 20 12 2

71 1 2

26

33 67

-=.~"".'"~'" _ .... - ... - ..... '" ....... ,- i

'C,

r

C:'

I . \ \)

No; of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TOS/SMSA

Source (%)

18,557 35

2.

legal RX 56 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 5

, Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 36

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 17 Dependence 13 SUic.att./gest. 52 Unknow./Unwil1. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 15 20-29 40 30-39 24 40-49 12 50 8. Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whih ro Black 14 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) ~le ~ Female 63 Unk./No resp. +

328 2,906 52 30

:i5 2 1

13

26

36 13 42

2 9

18 49 19 9 5

11 11 26 23 19 9

70 26 1 4

43 56 1

2

51 + 3

11

-34

9 41 35 + +

14

+ 11 42 26 11 9 1

+ 6 9

21 21 27 14 1

67 16 8 9

46 54 +

166 42

77

4 1

17

20 2

60

2 16

17 37 26 11 8

10 13 22 13 29 14

74 24

2

28 71 1

TABLE 3.011 - Continued

174 1,112 41 40

47

4

48

14 4

55

1 26

24 38 25 10 2 1

15 13 18 17 26 9 1

76 6 2

16

26 74

45 + 1 4

3 +

47

18 7

45

2 31

+ 20 40 21 11 7 1

+ 12 11 23 17 24 12 1

75 17 3 5

39 6i +

389 24

2

61 1 6

13

5 +

17

24 14 53

1 10

15 35 26 11 13

B 10 17 20 29 17

83 4 8 5

37 63

271 39

59 2 6 2

4

27

19 10 50

1 22

+ 20 39 24 10 6 1

+ 8

15 20 18 26 11 1

71 15 1

13

40 60

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct i on

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

167 32

1.5

71

3 3

3

21

12 1

64

1 23

18 39 18 16 7 2

12 9

21 19 22 14 2

57 7

31 5

32 67 1

472 25

2

66 + 2 4

3

26

15 9

61 + 3

1,4

11 39 24 13 12 1

7 6

20 22 28 17 1

70 8 3

18

32 68 +

301 23

3

67

27

10 5

80 + 2 6

5 52 26 7

10 1

2 8

21 33 23 13 1

65 12 8

15

49 51

,,0'

374 24

2

49 + 1 2

46

17 9

66 + 2 9

11. 37 23 14 10 1

6 11 19 19 28 16 1

75 9 3

13

37 63

554 2,115 34 41

2

52

3 1

2 +

42

13 9

68 + :1 9

18 32 25 14 11 1

11 8

18 15 29 17 1

58 30 +

12

34 66

2

69 + 2 1

26

16 4

63

1 17

+ 15 38 25 12 9 +

+ 10 10 19 18 29 14 +

82 6 1

11

32 68

Diat~~am> an antianxiety agent, is the most cOlMlOnly employed psychotherapeutic ~Jent of all drugs in the United States today. In general, it is well tolerated and has low toxicity. Side effnts may be encountered particularly in emotionally unstable individuals. Along with chlordiazepoxide, it is con';dered the agent of choice in alcoholic psychotherapeuti c rehabil ita tjon.

Alcohol markedly increases the absorption of diazepam and severely increased motor impairment will be evidenced. Dryrless of the mouth, gastric discomfort, nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances are often observed.

35

..

..

TABLE 3.012 ~ CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE

Emergency Room Mentions ~ Oemographics by SMSA in Column Percentages ~ January~Oecember 1979

No. of ~ient ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

2,869 29

12

Legal RX 64 Forged RX + S~lu 2 Street buy 1 Over~the~counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Pgychi c effects 15 Dependence 11 SUic.att./gest. 59 Unknow. /Unwi 11. Other 1 Unk. /No resp. 16

Age (%) OAWN Groupin~ 6~9- + 1~19 W 20-29 32 30-39 26 40-49 17 50 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6~9 -- +

10~17 6 18-20 7 21-25 16 26-30 16 31~44 33 45 , Over 21 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Ilhite 70 Black 15 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

36 64 +

63 21

12

54

2

44

8 11 60

:J 19

8 32 29 19 6 6

8 3

11 19 38 14 6

67 17

16

30 70

70 37

12

77

3 4

16

34 10 49

3 10

7 37 14 26 16

4 4

23 14 27 27

73 24

3

4( 54

140 21

9

54 1 1 4

2

39

13 15 59

1 15

7 28 31 21 12 1

3 5

13 16 43 20 1

78 11 1

11

43 57

91 33

9

46 1 1

51

W 5

69

3 13

15 25 35 10 14

8 11 11 15 35 20

80 10

10

32 68

163 33

13

56

1 2

2

39

9 6

55

3 31

15 34 22 17 10 1

9 12 17 13 31 17 1

56 24 7

13

29 71 1

73 30

11

55

3

42

15 1

59

1 23

)0 3:; 21 19 16 1

4 10. 22 8

30 25 1

66 15

19

23 77

4274 48 32

11

57

2

40

24 2

69

2 2

19 24 29 14 14

14 7

19 5

31 24

93 2 2 2

17 83

12

70

28

18 3

70

5 32 23 19 20

3 3

15 19 30 31

42 7 5

46

36 64

236 28

9

75

2

22

14 9

62

17

6 36 31 17 8 1

2 7

19 19 39 14 1

61l 23

9

34 66

46 35

15

54

2

37

22 4

67

2 9

13 35 26 17 9

7 11 17 13 37 15

91 7

2

3fi 61

67 28

8

55

42

W 1

64

1 22

10 42 22 16 7 1

7 7

27 15 24 18 1

69 7

24

24 76

127 29

22

48

1 1

51

15 2

63

20

9 31 27 14 19 1

8 1

14 18 33 25 1

64 13 2

20

39 61

88 24

22

84

5 1

6

42 9

44

1 3

15 24 28 15 18

9 a

14 11 32 26

70 15 2

13

50 50

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions ~ Demographics for Total DAWN System - Junuary~December 1979

No. of Mentions

49

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

23

N

15 14

+Less than 0.5%

%

40-49 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

8 12

31 Unk./No resp. 29

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

.. ~---==.=. ==*""'"-----~---7~:---

16 24

N. %

3 6 46 94

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug- Induced Drug-Related Deaths Oeatns

~ __ ~%~ ____ ~N __ ~%~

Suicide 26 5!i 3 6 Accid./Unexp. 13 Unk./No resp.6

27 1 2 12

Race N % Sex N %

White 38 ' 78 Male Female

27 22

55 45 81 ack 11 22

Other :Jnk./~o resp.

36

.-

41 20

15

78

2

15

15 5

76

5

2 44 32

5 12 5

2

10 39 29 15 5

85

15

32 68

",

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

SOUrce (%)

2,869 29

12

Legal RX 64 Forged RX + S~lu 2 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 15 Dependence 11 Suic.att./gest. 59 Unknow./Unwi 11. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --- +

10-19 10 20-29 32 30-39 26 40-49 17 50 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6~!l -- +

10-17 6 WoW 7 21-25 16 26-30 16 31-44 33 45 & Over 21 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~i~ ro 81 ack 15 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male Female Unk ./No resp.

36 64 +

67 61

W

76 7 1

4

W

58 1

33

9

12 40 27 12 9

9 6

25 13 33 13

57 37

1 4

49 51

364 24

20

68 + 4 2

1 +

25

7 40 43

+ 9

8 32 26 17 16 1

6 6

17 13 32 24 1

64 21 7 8

45 55

36 39

9

75

3

22

6

89

6

8 33 36 8

14

6 3

25 14 33 19

81 17

3

25 75

TA8LE 3.012 - Continued

30 27

7

40

3

57

7 3

53

37

7 33 20 23 13

3

3 3

27 10 37 17

3

73 3

23

13 87

218 36

9

71 28

13

54 73

+

3 8

3

43 14

20 18 4 13

52 62

2 24 10

12 13 33 27 23 27 17 18 14 15 1

8 6 6 7

17 14 16 14 30 35 21 24

1

73 76 21 7

2 6 4 11

33 67 +

24 76

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct i on

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zerl) (0) mentions

68 25

7

60

4 1

4

29

19 12 47

1 21

22 34 16 22 4 1

16 9

15 18 25 16 1

63 19

1 16

50 50

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

20 30

12

70

30

5

70

25

15 40. 20 15 10

10 10 25 10 35 10

75

15 10

10 90

79 46 28 28

10.5 16.5

82 15

8

72 76 50

4 2 1 7

2 2

23 15 45

9 4 10 6 9 6

62 85 73

4 4 20 4 10

14 2 6 20 43 33 29 30 24 15 13 23 19 11 13 3

10 5 2 7 6 9 • 12

13 37 23 35 35 30 28 17 27

3

68 63 83 4 11 1 5 9 4

23 17 12

38 62

65 35

40 60

102 24

9

62

1 1

2

34

7 10 75

1 8

7 28 25 24 16

3 7

15 14 32 29

60 24

1 16

31 69

365 33

9

73

23

14 4

64

2 17

+ 12 30 24 18 15 1

+ 6

10 15 14 32 23

1

80 8 1

11

35 65

Chlordiazepoxide is an antianXiety agent. It wa~ the first of the benzodiazepines to be introduced in the 1960's and is widely us.ed in antianxiety am.! neuroses therapy. It is more slowly absorbed than diazepam and h(ls a shorter action time in the body. Withdrawal reactions, occasionally of a severe convulsive nature, may follow abrupt termination of dru9 usage by those who have developed a tolerance or dependence. Side effects of dryness of the mouth, dizziness, ataxia, headaches and confusion are frequently encountered.

37

•

,

\

..

TABLE 3.013 - CHLORPROMAZINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2,170 48

32 44

21 57

93 46

81 49

77 44

39 49

16** 40 102 46

36 58

37 41 44 45

Rank in TDS/SMSA 19

Source (%) Legal RX 74 Forged RX + Stolen . 2 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 22

f4otivation (%) Psychi c effects 15 Dependence 21 SUic.att./gest. 47 Unknow./Unwlll. + Other 2 Unk./No rr.sp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 12 20-29 42 30-39 24 40-49 13 50 & Over 8 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 6 18-20 9 21-25 21 26-30 21 31-44 28 45 & OV9r 14 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 64 Black 24 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 51 Female 49 Unk./No resp. +

24

75

25

22 9

47

3 25

16 34 22 19 9

9 6

16 22 28 19

63 22

16

59 41

27

81

5

14

33 5

57

5 5

19 52 14

5 10

5 29 19 19 14 14

57 38

5

71 29

19

63 1 2 1

33

8 4

63

2 23

14 52 17 11 5 1

5 12 24 25 24 8 1

82 7 1

10

49 51

12

83

16

7 5

62

7 20

11 35 28 12 14

2 14 15 17 33 19

77 21

2

44 54 1

21

69

30

10 17 43

4 30

22 34 29

6 9

18 4

19 17 27 14

55 26

3 17

56 44

22.5 25

87

3

3

8

13 8

54

5 21

8 41 21 23 3 5

5 3

21 21 38 8 5

54 36

10

46 54

NOTE: f4ultiple men:ti,ons are poss'ible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

22.5 20.5 16

60

5

35

20 3

70

10

10 55 15 10 8 3

8 10 23 30 13 15 3

63 3 8

28

40 60

75

2 1

3

20

12 12 59

2 18

11 37 30 16 6

5 9

19 25 29 14

55 38 2

43 57

64

3

6

28

22 6

39

3 31

14 53 14 11 8

11 6

33 19 17 14

58 31

11

47 53

18

51

46

11 5

70

16

24 32 19 Hi 8

16 8

16 16 30 14

78

22

41 59

Medical Examiner f4entions - Demographics for ,Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons

46

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 :iO-39

25

N

2 11 11

40 .. 49 4 50 & Over

Concomitance N %

Alone 16 35 In Comb. 30 65

N

10 12

22 26

24 Unk./No resp. 24

Race N

White 36 Black 7 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 1

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 38

(j

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

78 15 4 2

,~.: /

Drug- Induced Deaths

N

n 8

10

Sex

Male Female

48 17 22

141 59

143 44

17.5 15

41 93

2 2

2 3

55 2

12 62 2 3

52 35

1 33

16 8 38 47 23 26 12 15 10 5 1

12 1 7 10

14 19 26 27 27 30 13 13 1

60 47 20 36 4 3

Ie 13

a6 54 53' 46 i

Drug-Rel ated Deaths

N %

3 7 1 2 2 4

N %

27 59 19 41

35 40

20.5

89

3

9

9 9

63

3 17

3 43 23 11 20

6 34 9

26 26

77 3 3

17

37 63

j ij b.1l

\ i

TABLE 3.013 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

2,170 48

19

Legal RX 74 Forged RX + Rol~ 2 Street buy 1

. Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 22

i"(ltivation (%) Psychi c effects 15 Dependence 21 SUic.att./gest. 47 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 12 20-29 42 30-39 24 40-49 D 50 & Over 8 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 6 18-20 9 21-25 21 26-30 21 31-44 28 45 & .Over 14 Unk./No resp. , +

Race (%) White 64 Black 24 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

51 49 +

45 71

611 50

20.5 11

78 2 2 2

7

9

58 2

38

2

16 42 22 16 4

11 4

31 18 20 16

36 62

2

47 53

84

+

13

4 62 28

+ 8

44 26 14 8 +

+ 4 8

21 22 31 13 +

67 25 3 5

57 43

16** 16** 155 38 38 47

16 20.5 17

59

3

35

17 1

52 1 2

26

14 41 19 14 11 1

6 12 23 14 25 19 1

64 26

3 7

48 52

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

24 29

32

88

4

8

8 8

71

4 13

13 29 25 13 21

8 4 8

25 25 29

83 4 4 8

54 46

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

48 38

10

71

2

4

23

13 8

46

2 31

19 38 23 15 6

10 10 21 23 23 13

63 29

8

54 46

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

15** 47 47 32

15.5 20

74

4 2

2

17

13 4

51

4 30

13 38 30

9 11

9 6

19 23 28 15

66 11 4

19

49 51

45 47

18

82

2

16

13 4

73

2 7

4 44 42

7 2

4 24 24 42 4

56 20 7

18

58 42

34 44

25

68

3

3

26

15 3

62

6 15

6 3B 35 12 9

6 18 24 38 15

68 12

3 18

50 50

40 53

21

55

8

38

8 20 60

3 10

13 50 13 15 5 5

8 5

33 25 20

5 5

45 40

15

48 53

191 51

15

71

3 1

25

9 3

65

5 18

15 40 21 14

9

10 9

26 13 27 15

68 15 3

15

45 54 1

Chlorpromazine, a derivative of phenothiazine, is an antipsychotic agent used for the management of psychotic disorders. This agent is most likely to be used in the treatment of schizophrenic and psychotic individuals. Its principal pharmacological actions are psychotropic, sedative, and antiemetic. Like other phenothiazines, chlorpromazine is not ~nown to cause psychic dependence and does not produce tolerance or addiction. Drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy and apathy are commonly encountered side effects. Drug-induced non-epileptic seizures have occurred in non-epileptic individual s. Chlorpromazine may be potentiated by alcohol and should not be used simultaneously with other central nervous system depressants.

39

l

TABLE 3.014 - THIORIDAZINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - JanuarY-December 1979

No. of Menitions Alone (%)

1,840 41 46 32

Rank in TCIS/SMSA 23 19

Source (%:1 Legal HX 71 Forged RX Stolen 2 Street buy + Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 25

Motivation (%) Psych '/ c effects 14 Dependence 12 SUic.,att./gest. 57 Unkno~./Unwil1. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Gr(!~9i n9 6-9 +

10-19 15 20-29 41 30-39 23 40-49 11 50 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~hite 70 Black 17 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

SeX (%) ~:1lle 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp. +

80

2

17

24

59

20

29 44

5 7

12 2

20 10 24 20 7

17 2

68 22

10

27 73

36 50

21.5

64

6 3

28

8

75

11 6

33 36 14 17

25 11 11 28 14 11

83 17

44 56

52 52

22

69

2

29

23 4

56

6 17

4 56 29 4 6 2

4 6

31 29 21 8 2

85 8

8

31 69

49 43

17

61

2

4

33

8 4

71

4 14

20 33 24 14 8

10 10 18 16 33 1~

76 14

10

47 53

55 49

26

60

2

38

7 4

51

2 40

16 40 18 7

15 4

11 7

22 20 1B 18 4

58 18 11 13

3B 62

54 50

16

72

4

2

22

20 2

54

6 19

22 30 30 15 2 2

9 15 19 9

41 6 2

72 22

6

43 56 2

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

26 46

1B

58

42

27

65

8

4 62 23

12

12 38 15 23 12

77 19 4

38 62

46 59

19

61

2

2

35

9 2

74

4 13

20 41 35 2 2

15 9

20 20 33 4

59

7 35

33 67

102 45

20.5

81

17

15 9

57

4 17

15 41 24 13 B

12 6

18 25 29 11

75 16

9

40 60

33 51 134 40 55 53

17 10 19

52

3

3 42

21 3

45

3 30

15 45 15 15 9

12 15 1B 15 30

9

73 9

1B

30 70

65 43

2

2

33 54

12 10 2 1

67 57

4 1 18 30

27 9 27 39 25 31 8 12

12 7 2

14 4 20 7 16 17 10 22 25 37 16 9

2

63 6B 10 17

1 27 13

45 39 55 60

1

82 40

24

84

4

10

49 4

44

4

11 49 20 11 10

5 6

30 20 27 12

55 30 4

11

44 56

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of 'Mentions

66

Rank in TDS

20

Age N

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

16 20

+Less than 0.5%

Concomi tance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 & Over

24 Unk./No resp. 30

N

15 15

23 23

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

N %

24 36 42 64

Race N

White 54 Black 11 Other 1 Unk./No resp.

40

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Acci d. /Unexp. Unk./No resp.

B2 17 2

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

31 15 11

Sex

Male Female

47 23 17

N

8 1

N

30 36

12 2,

45 55

40 30

17

85

8

B

15

75

3 8

8 40 28 13 13

3 5

25 18 35 15

75 5 3

18

30 70

II I

:1

o

J lUI

TABLE 3.014 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

1,840 33 46 76

Rank in TDS/SMSA 23

Source (%) Legal RX 71 Forged RX Stolen 2 Street buy +

. Over-the-counter Gift Other + Unk./No resp. 25

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 14 Dependence 12 Suic.att./gest. 57 UnknoH./Unwill. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 15 20-29 41 30-39 23 40-49 11 50 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP GrOUping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 18-20 10 21-25 21 26-30 19 31-44 27 45 & Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 70 Black 17 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp. +

26

91

3

6

5B 6

39

30 36 12 15 6

12 21 27 9

15 15

36 61

3

64 36

323 52

22

BO -4 2

14

4 55 33

1 8

B 46 24 10 11 +

5 7

25 22 27 13 +

72 20 4 5

48 52

23 52

17** 150 45 41 47 38

10.5 19 18 1::2

B3

17

4 4

74

17

35 43 9 4 4 4

30 17 9

22 13 4 4

4B 52

9 91

63 -1

2

33

12 3

60

2 26

16 39 22 !O 13 1

12 6

15 26 22 18 1

77 17 3 4

45 54 1

B7 -2

11

2 2

82

11 2

1B 33 20 18 11

7 20 18 9

24 22

87 2 7 4

40 60

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages' for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

31 26

15

81

3

16

23 6

4B

6 16

13 42 23 16 6

10 6

19 19 29 16

61 26

13

39 61

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

15** 53

59 41

20 43 40 28

15.5 16 28 20

75 BO -3 2

2 10

19 10

12 5

66 BO

5 5 12 15

12 39 35 27 35 10 20 12 5

5

10 7 5

20 15 17 20 27 40 19 15

5

64 70 15 5 3 5

17 20

27 60 73 40

65

35

B8

5

19 33 21 16 12

7 23 7

16 26 21

72 16 2 9

42 58

53 47

19

66

2

32

15 B

72

6

15 45 19 15 4 2

4 13 32 13 30 6 2

45 38

17

36 64

227 43

14

74 -2

1 +

22

17 2

6B

4 11

+ 1B 3B 25 12 6 +

+ 8

15 22 15 29 11 +

78 10 2

10

34 66

Thioridazine, a tranquilizer of the phenothiazine family, is effective in the management of manifestations of psyt:hotir. disorders. It is not conSidered to be addicting, and the euphoriant property that seems to be necessary for the development of psychological dependence is lacking. In conlnon with other phenothiazines, thioridazine is contraindicated in severe central nervous system depression.

41

-.\

l

TABLE 3.015 - MEPROBAMATE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.attjgest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-!?--

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

863 42

31

60 + 3 1

2 +

33

14 7

60

2 18

+ 12 32 23 15 17 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 6 21-25 17 26-30 15 31-44 28 45 & Over 24 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 81 B1 ack 5 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male 24 Female 76 Unk./No resp. +

16** 14** 31 38 21 32

28 33 30.5

52

10

39

13 10 58

6 13

13 26 23 13 26

3 13 10 13 26 35

97

3

16 84

12** 24 58 25

33 32

54

46

13 25 50

4 17

13 33 25 8

21

4 13 4

29 25 25

54 13 17 17

38 63

NOTE: MUltiple mentions are po~sib1e for source and motivatio~

*See I ntroducti on

14** 34 43 59

34 13

62

38

29

56

3 12

26 32 26

3 12

21 12 18 12 24 15

91 6 3

18 82

26 35

24.5

54

8

4

35

8 4

77

8 12

15 38 15 8

23

12 8

23 15 15 27

38

8 54

31 69

32 44

34

78

3

19

3 9

72

16

9 28 41 9

13

3 6

22 6

44 19

81 9

9

38 63

26 27

20.5

54

46

19 8

46

4 23

4 31 31 23 12

4 8 8

19 31 31

92

8

23 77

25 60

21.5

60

4

8

28

16 4

56

24

4 40 16 24 16

8 20 24 20 28

76

24

20 80

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

61

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

21

N

1 9

10

40-49 2 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

13 28

15 Unk./No resp. 16

21 46

N

14 47

23 77

Race N

White 56 Slack 4 Other 1 Unk.1No resp.

"'*Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

41i-[1I.$11

Cause/Manner of Death

SUicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

92 7 2

Drug-I nduced Deaths

N %

31 51 17 28 5 8

Sex

Male Female

58 50

28.5

48

52

9 3

55

2 31

7 24 24 28 17

5 2 9

17 33 34

69 2 2

28

i9 79 2

~

32 53

33

81

3

16

3 6

81

9

13 25 16 16 31

9 3

16 9

22 41

78 9 9 3

31 69

Drug-Re 1 ated Deaths

N %

1 2 7 11

N

22 39

36 64

23 43

24.5

70

9

4

17

9 13 78

26 26 22 13 13

26

17 9

30 17

87

13

22 78

WI

No. of Mentions Alon:e (%)

Rank ill TDS/SMSA

Source (") Leglll RX For'ged RX Stolen Street buy

. Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk. /N!'! resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwi1l. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (,:) DAWN Grouping 6·.9-

10-19 20 .. 29 30 .. 39 40 .. 49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

863 42

31

60 + 3 1

2 +

33

14 7

60

2 18

+ 12 32 23 15 17 1

Age ,%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 6 21-25 17 26-30 15 31-44 28 45 & Over 24 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (") White 81 Black 5 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male 24 Female 76 Unk./No resp. +

'1"

36 67

24

78

3

19

50 3

36

11

3 53 11 8

25

3 25 28 14 31

89 8 3

25 75

54 48

33

52

9 6

33

7 11 69

2 11

17 28 26 9

19 2

9 11 15 15 24 24 2

80 7 2

11

018 72

TABLE 3.015 - Continued

10** 20 60 40

19 15

65

5

25

10

60

5 25

5 15 40 15

25

5 10

5 15 25 15 25

95

5

10 90

57 51

35

54 2

9

35

21 5

53

2 21

12 42 19 14 9 4

11 7

21 16 25 18

4

82 12 2 4

26 74

30 23

31

60

3 10

23

13 17 53

7 17

7 30 27 13 23

3 7

13 20 30 27

90

3 7

20 80

NOTE: Multipl~ mentions are possible for source and motivation.

.See I ntroduct i on

··Percentages fQr demographics not computed due to small numbers. ,'It '/ '- --.:;

+Less than 0.5% '>Vu •

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

6** 8** 39 33 63 38

34.5 23 23

74

5 3

3

15

15 13 54

3 23

8 26 36 21 10

5 5

10 15 49 15

90 3

8

26 74

... ~~PPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

~.

7** 75 14 27

36 10

52

3

45

11 13 65

3 11

7 43 23 15 13

5 3

23 21 25 23

80 1 1

17

20 79 1

18** 136 17 43

31.5 22.5

57 1 3 1

2 1

35

14 4

61

1 21

13 26 23 19 18 1

7 6

17 10 32 26 1

88 2

10

23 77

Meprobamate is coriSidered an antianxiety agent and muscle relaxant, which acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. Meprobamate shows similar effects to'the barbiturates with respect to tolerance, physical dependence, psychic dependence, and ability to be potentiated by alcohol and other central nervous system depressants.

43

.'

..

TABLE 3.016 - CLORAZEPATE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

1,736 41

33 24

Rank in TDS/SMSA 25 23

Source (%) Legal RX 68 76 Forged RX + Stolen 2 3 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. ~7 21

Moti vati on (%) Psychic effects 14 24 Dependence 4 SUic.att./gest. 66 67 Unknow./Unwill. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 16 9

Age (%) DAWN GrQuping 6-9-

W-U H 12 20-29 37 ,27 30-39 29 52 40-49 14 9 50 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-l7 7 3 18-20 7 9 21-25 19 6 26-30 19 27 31-44 34 45 45 & Over 13 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 72 73 8lack 11 3 Other 4 3 Unk./No resp. 13 21

Sex (%) Male 24 21 Female 75 79 Unk./No resp. +

46 48

25 28

17.5 34

76 60

8

24 32

13 8 2 8

76 68

4 9 16

7 12 30 40 46 32 11 16 7

4 8 2 12

26 12 11 20 48 44 9 4

80 88 13 4

7 S

13 32 87 68

46 46

18

57

2

2

39

13 2

63

2 22

13 24 39 20 4

9 11 13 13 46 9

72 11

17

22 78

128 45

17

55

3

41

13 1

53

2 32

16 37 24 13 9 )

9 13 13 20 30 15

1

58 21 8

13

27 73

55 40

14

64

2

35

9 2

56

5 27

r~ ... 1 25 15 15

7 9

20 15 27 22

75 13

13

20 80

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroducti on

28 46

16

64

4

32

21

71

11 39 36 7 7

7 4

14 25 43 7

82 7

11

25 75

86 47

9

84

16

5 5

85

1 J

9 31 35 20 5

5 5

14 21 40 16

53 3 6

37

27 73

158 37

25 64

12.5 22

75 60

3 8

4 4

20 28

12 16 5

69 68

1 4 15 16

9 20 39 40 34 20 13 12 5 8

4 12 7 8

22 16 19 24 39 28 9 12

74 88 18 4 1 8 8

19 24 81 76

43 28

14

74

5 2

21

12

70

5 14

12 42 28 9 9

7 9

21 21 30 12

72 12 2

14

19 81

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

53 42

138 42

30.5 16

57 79

4 5

38 15

4 29 8 2

75 60

1 15 8

6 17 25 35 32 22 25 17 13 9

4 11 2 9

15 15 13 17 42 33 25 14

74 64 4 7 2 10

21 18

23 23 77 77

7** Alone .~n Comb.

Dru9-Induced Drug-ReI ated

Rank in TDS

34

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

7 100

N Race N

White 8lack Other Unk./No.;oesp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Oenotes zero (0) mentions 44

,-

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

%

Deaths Deaths

N

Sex

Male Female

N

N %

35 23

20.5

77

3

20

6 6

83

6

9 43 37 6 3 3

3 14 20 17 34 9 3

77 3

20

23 77

lit SLib

'"

- .c __ .3,-~_ ~-,,_ . . ~-~-.~-----., .. "":.::::::~:'~'::~:],:t.::;~~;::.~=-.=:::.-~~.,;;.~=<!o-=., <, b

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

1,736 41

Rank In TDS/SMSA 25

Source (%) Legal RX 68 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 27

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 14 Dependence 4 Suic. att./gest. 66 Unknow./Unwill. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 12 20-29 37 30-39 29 40-49 14 50 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-l7 7 18-20 7 21-25 19 26-30 19 n-" U 45 & Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~i~ 72 Black 11 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 24 Female 75 Unk./No resp. +

29 41

29

72 3 3

3

21

28 7

55

7 3

14 41 17 14 14

7 7

28 17 17 24

69 24

24 76

92 48

28

62

9 3

25

17 22 53

9

21 37 1B 12 11 1

14 9

21 20 20 16 1

63 17 12 8

29 71

TABLE 3.016 - Continued

18** 21 , 44 43

142 51

13.5 13.5 21

67 49

3

29 48

5 21 1

62 50

1 33 29

24 12 43 35 24 25

18 10 9

2

19 6 10 8 14 23 38 14 10 32 10 15

2

71 73 17 4

29 7

24 33 76 67

78 24

12

73

3 3

4

18

14 4

68

15

9 41 24 18 6 1

5 5

21 21 33 14 1

85

5 10

36 64

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

55 47

9

67

4

4

27

11 2

76

4 9

20 36 18 22 4

15 9

20 15 31 11

82 5

13

20 80

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

23 48

18** 8** 40 33 25 25

9.5 32 35 23

78 4

4

22

65

35

9 57 17 13 4

9 4

48 9

26 4

57 30 13

35 65

63

3

3 33

8

75

3 15

10 33 43 13 3

3 10 15 20 45 8

90 3

8

25 75

34 38

25

68

32

15

82

3

6 32 41 12

6 3

6

18 21 44 9 3

56 32

12

24 76

279 42

12

72

+

27

13 1

68

2 17

11 40 27 13 8 1

7 6

22 20 31 13

1

79 6 1

14

21 79

Clorazepate is a relativel" new sedative - antianxiety agent that is more active than diazepam. It is chemically similar to chlordiazepoxlcle and diazepam, exerting a depressant action on the centNl nervous system. Tolerance effects, although less severe than those of the barbiturates, have been noted. Once tolerance has been established, psychological and physiological Jependence may follow.

45

TABLE 3.017 - OXAZEPAM

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

$ if;'

'? ~ It

~ ~ ,Ill

4' .,& 0" ~ ~ .,:" " $ ... IlI

4' ~ if;' ",,'" c'J' ::; § " "Ill ,,0 ~ ",,'" ~ ~ (.) <Q

No. of Mentions 476 12** 6** 21 13** 18** 11** Alone (%) 40 17 17 24 54 44 27

Rank in TDS/SMSA 37 32 38.5 ~5 32 33 36

Source (%) Legal RX 66 52 Forged RX + Stolen 2 5 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk ./No r'1.sp, 31 43

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 13 5 Dependence 5 10 SUic.att./gest. 66 62 Unknow./Unw1l1 • Other 1 Unk./No resp. 16 24

Age (") DAWN Grouping 6-9- + 5

1O·19 11 10 20-29 39 43 30-39 26 29 40·49 13 50 & Over 10 14. Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6·9 -- + 5

10·17 7 18-20 8 10 21-25 24 29 26-30 16 19 31-44 30 24 45 & Over 14 ~4 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (") White 80 86 Black 9 10 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 8 5

Sex (%) Male 2~ J2 Female 71 38 Unk./No resp.

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

~'? ...... JJ ~ <;- " .:!:' ~ ~

~ {; ~ .f ... 0 .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0" ~'" ~ ~'ti ~IlI <:j '-'; ."., " 11** 6** 40 16** 11** 18** 11** 45 17 25 56 73 33 18

31.5 36.5 31.5 28.5 30 34.5 38

68

3

2B

20 5

70

13

15 25 30 10 20

13 8

15 10 33 23

70 28

3

25 75

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

7**

Rank 1n TDS

34

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N "

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No re~p.

N "

N " 7 100

Race

White Black Other Unk ./No resp.

*.Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 46

-

N

Cause/Manner of Death

SUicfde Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

"

Drug- Induced Drug-ReI ated Deaths Deaths

N " N "

_Se_x __ .,... ___ .!!.N_....!."

Male Female,

.......

" ~ qJ

'" ~"" 4**

50

38.5

) /

TABLE 3.017 - Continued

$ ~ c5" (.)' •

'? .-;11 .~ ~ ~. q;. ~ ,p C ~ It • ...,0

..... " ~ ~ rZ' . .., 0" ~

",' 'l. q;. ..... ~ I ,§' ~ " ;:' ... 0 ~ ~ .~ ~ /j "iii

1,. ... '" ..... IlI ~ 4' I:S t ~ ~ ,§' " '(' ~ :: .~ ~o

"c:. :I oJ ~ ct:' ~ .... $ ...,$ ~ rZ' <$' ~ ;;f I:S 'l. '? '? ~ '? ..,

~

No. of Mentions 476 6** 35 6** 5** 45 39 8** 7** 13** 3** 15** 15** 81 Alone (%) 40 67 40 33 80 53 46 13 57 31 33 40 40 40

Rank 1n TDS/SMSA 37 38.5 35 25 33.5 36 25 32 24 34 38 33 34 29

Source (%) Legal RX 66 69 51 90 72 For~ed RX + sto en 2 9 Street buy Over-the-counter

1 6

Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 31 20 47 8 27

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 13 6 24 18 14 Dependence 5 17 4 15 1 SUic. att./gest. 66 63 51 64 70 Unknow./Unw1l1. Other 1 2 Unk./No resp. 16 14 22 8 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 11 14 18 13 11 20-29 39 63 24 51 38 30-39 26 6 20 23 28 40-49 13 9 18 13 15 50 & Over 10 6 18 7 Unk./No resp. 1 3 2

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9-- +

10-17 7 9 9 8 6 18-20 8 9 11 5 7 21-25 24 40 13 38 16 26-30 16 23 11 13 28 31-44 30 !l 0, 31 31 30 45 & Over 14 9 -/ 22 5 12 Unk./No resp. 1 3 2

Race (%) White 80 89 91 90 83 Black 9 9 4 5 10 Other 3 4 5 1 Unk./No resp. 8 3 6

Sex (%) Male 29 34 22 44 26 Female 71 66 78 56 74 Unk./No resp.

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for S()Urce and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Oxazepam is a sedative - antianxiety agent. chemically similar to diazepam. that acts on the central nervous system. It is used medically in the control of anxiety, tension, agitation and in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Tolerance. psychic dependence and physiological dependence have been noted in cases of chronic oxazepam overdose. Alcohol, barbiturates and other centf.~l nervous system depressants may potentiate the effects of oxazepam.

47

..

TABLE 3.02 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - BARBITURATE SEDATIVES

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

110. of Mentions Alone (%)

9,393 160 162 301 38 31 36 25

Rank in TDS/SMSA 5. 6 8 5

Sourco (%) Legal RX 38 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 17 Over- the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 41

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 19 Dependence 21 Sulc.att./gest. 39 Unknow./Unwlll. + Other 2 Unk.INo resp. 21

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 15 20-29 48 30-39 20 40-49 11 50 & Over 8 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 12 21-25 27 26-30 21 31-44 22 45 & Over 11 Unk ./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 70 Black 17 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 47 Female 53 Unk./No resp. +

60 49 1

1 4 4 10

2 2

33 34

17 25 26 10 38 46

4 2 19 18

20 22 28 38 26 20 14 9 12 10 1 1

1 13 14 10 11 16 22 13 20 32 19 16 13 1 1

68 80 24 19

1 7

53 45 47 55

37 + 2

10

2

50

13 18 49

3 18

11 49 19 10 11 1

7 9

26 20 23 14 1

87 8 + 5

50 50

209 32

6

41

2 9

2

46

14 20 52

3 18

15 45 19 11 8 1

7 11 27 19 25 10 1

69 21

1 9

37 63

348 32

6

49 +

6

2

43

29 23 32

2 30

17 44 22 9 7 1

9 14 24 16 23 13 1

54 27 5

14

56 43 +

164 43

8

42

3 15

5

35

20 7

44

5 27

24 48 7 S

12 2

15 13 26 18 11 15 2

68 16

16

40 60 1

109 52

5

39

4 2

2

53

29 5

41

5 20

25 47 16 6 7

14 13 30 16 18 9

71 19 3 7

33 67

164 ~~~ 122 45 ":" 42

6 6 6

48

1 5

1 1

45

15 8

67

2 11

13 52 18 10 6

8 10 25 26 21 11

48 4 9

40

40 60 1

49

3' 10

2 +

35

13 19 53

1 16

+ 16 44 21 10 8 1

+ 7

16 19 22 23 11 1

65 22

13

37 62 +

35

2 3

6

53

31 7

34 1 5

28

1 25 36 22 5

10 2

1 16 11 20 16 22 11 2

88 7

6

48 52

92 1,007 36 51

6 4

42

2 8

4

43

18 3

55

3 21

32 33 15 8

10 3

16 18 21 11 18 12 3

66 11 1

22

42 58

24

1 2

2

71

11 3

38

2 46

+ 10 47 23 11 7 1

+ 4

11 24 22 27 12 1

57 26 4

14

35 65 +

509 30

5

59

1 22

1 +

17

45 24 27

11 48 23 8 9 +

7 8

27 22 24 13 +

70 18 2 9

53 47

NOTE: Multipl!; mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

1,114

Rank in TDS

2

Age N %

40-49 39 4 50 & Over

Concomitance N %

Alone 325 29 In Comb. 789 71

N %

147 13 6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

353 32 Unk ./No resp. 3~9 31

4 + 222 20

+less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

CAuse/Manner of Death

Drug- Induced Deaths

N %

Suicide 539 48 Accid./Unexp. 227 20 Unk./No resp. 175 16

N %

White 960 86 Black 107 10 Other 32 3 Unk./No resp. 15 1

48

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Related Deaths

N

46 106 21

N

%

4 10 '2

%

536 48 578 52

125 33

7

69

2 4

4

21

13 7

70

2 10

17 38 22 14 9

11 11 19 15 27 16

67 2 1

30

40 60

·~~---·----"""---:---------:"----_ill.t ___ IIII._"""'-;;· a: £

-

TAR~E 3.02 - Continued

eJ'

No. i'Mentions Alorie (%l

9,393 38

292 2,507 27 37

42 60

63 52

553 202 45 39

60 32

53 38

226 223 33 40

238 33

166 42

875 37

Rank in TQS/SMSA 5

Source (~,) Legal ~X 38 forged RX + S~l~ 2 Street buy 17 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 41

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 19 Dependence 21 SUic.att./gest. 39 Unknow./Unwi11. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 21

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 15 20-29 48 30-39 20 40-49 8 50 & Over 8 Unk./No resp. 1

r.~~ (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 ., 8 18-20 12 21-25 27 26-30 21 31-44 22 45 & Over 11 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~ih ro Black 17 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 47 Female 53 Unk./No resp. +

4

30 9 2

39

4

17

67 8

21

1 4

12 58 24 3 3 +

4 11 30 27 21 5 +

40 59

57 43

3

24 + 1

36

+ +

39

12 49 21

1 17

+ 13 57 19 5 4 1

+ 5

12 33 24 18 6 1

75 11 4 9

58 42 +

5

62

7

5

26

14 2

55

2 29

17 31 24 12 17

14 10 19 5

31 21

71 29

29 71

5

37 2 5 8

8

43

13 10 54

24

25 46 19 8 2

14 15 29 16 19 6

78 6

16

40 60

5 6

33 49 + 1 7 9 20

2 8 +

55 ':

22 27 11 14 38 47 + 1 3

33 11

23 17 43 42 16 22 8 8 9 11 1

13 8 13 13 27 28 16 15 18 21 12 15 1

75 84 20 4

2 6 3 5

43 41 57 59 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct i on

+Less than 0,5%

-Oenotes zero (0) mentions

6

52

5 7

5 2

30

17 12 38

3 30

18 53 15 5 8

12 18 25 20 15 10

77 15

8

55 45

SUPPLEMENTARY INFtjRMATION

5

55

4 19

26

9

62

28

17 45 25 9 4

8 15 30 15 28 4

58 19 17 6

28 72

6

45 + 3

11

2

40

15 13 42

3 29

9 47 24 7

11 2

5 8

24 20 26 14 2

70 12 2

16

37 63

4

46

20

+

33

11 11 71

1 10

4 52 29

3 11 +

1 9

23 31 24 12 +

62 16 8

14

55 45

4

35

2 6

2 +

55

19 5

55

4 18

14 .41

19 13 11 1

8 11 23 17 22 18 1

76 9 6 9

37 63 +

7

40

4 5

51

16 10 62 1 1

14

22 30 22 12 13 1

14 13 15 12 27 19 1

61 25

14

-12 58 1

Barbiturate sedatives are sedatives and hypnotics containing a barbituric acid derivative. Most of the modern sedative-hypnotic agents are general depressants in that they depress a wide range of cellular functions in many vital organ systems. The central nervous system is very sensitive to their action.

49

59

3 4

2 +

33

17 6

58 + 3

17

1 18 43 18 10 10 1

1 12 10 24 17 22 13 1

81 7 1

11

42 58 +

i

I

l I~

·I!

TABLE 3.021 - SECOBARBITAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSII in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

1,589 20 34 50

Rank in TDS/SMSA . 27 27

Source (%) Legal RX 34 Forged RX S~lu 2 Street buy 18 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 44

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 17 Dependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 45 Unknow./Unwi.ll. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 20

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 14 20-29 47 30-39 19 40-49 8 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 8 18"20 11 21-25 26 26-30 21 31-44 21 45 & Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 75 Black 14 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 49 Female 51 Unk./No resp. +

35

5 10

45

25 20 40

5 10

30 20 25 10 15

25 5

15 10 30 15

85 5

10

70 30

18** 22

28

58 22

20

24

2 12

59

16 17 52

16

10 64 10 9 7

9 14 33 21 16 9

91 2 2 5

53 47

64 33

15

27

55

22 22 41

6 22

11 41 28 11 8 2

8 3

23 19 36 9 2

66 25 2 8

39 61

38 37

28

24

11

63

32 11 32

26

13 45 29

3 8 3

5 11 34 8

29 11 3

68 11

21

66 34

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible fa)' source and motivation.

*See Introduction

35 37

25

40

11

11

37

23 9

40

6 29

20 49

6 9

14 3

14 6

37 11 11 17 3

60 14

26

54 46

18*'" 56

21.5

26 ,38

24.5

42

8

4

46

12 12 62

15

12 58 12 8

12

8 8

23 31 19 12

" G2 4 4

31

46 54

73 25

24

52

4 15

27

11 15 53

23

15 42 25 7

11

7 14 23 16 26 14

6b. 19

15

4U 60

17** 16** 181 24 38 46

26.5 28 13

24

4

2

70

8 3

45

1 43

12 40 24 12 11 2

3 14 19 19 27 15 2

63 22 2

14

43 57 1

100 30

20

42

2 33

31 36 30

7 58 19 8 8

2 10 34 19 22 13

88 4 1 7

54 46

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-Decemb~r 1979

No. of Mentions

256

Rank in TDS

7·

Concomitance N %

Alone 77 30 In Comb. 179 70

Cause/Manner of Death

DrMg-Induced Deaths

Suicide Accid./Une~p. Unk./No resp.

N %

150 59 53 21 25 10

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

r 17 ..

3 7 2

Age N N ~R~ac~e~ ______ ~N % ~,x_",-" .. ,--____ --,N.:...-. __ .:.:.%

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

8 79 42

3 31 16

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

34 92 1

13 36 +

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographi cs not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 50

228 89 Male 125 49 19 7 5 2

Femal e 131 51

4 2

28 29

22

64

4 4

4

25

18 7

57

4 14

21 50 7 7

14

14 21 21 18 7

18

71 4

25

46 54

.,::...t-" ____ ~ ____ ... _ .. ~""' ___ .!.,... ....... -

-

TABLE 3.021 - Continued

No. of Mentions A10M (%)

1,589 45 34 33

374 30

2** 16** 85 44 63 44 23

7** 14

4** 50

42 36

62 45 31 140 34 33 42 ~7

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) legal ~;' Forged ;;X Stolen Street buy Over-thll-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk. /No resp.

Race (%) White Bl ack Other Un~./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

27

34

2 18

2 +

44

17 III 45 + 2

20

14 47 19 8

10 1

8 11 26 21 21 13 1

75 14

2 10

49 51 +

20.5

27

4 24

4

40

38 16 38

2 9

18 56 16

2 9

11 13 24 27 13 11

64 33

2

40 60

17 .5

26

2 34

37

9 36 42

1 13

15 51 20 7 7 1

7 11 27 25 19 10 1

78 11 2 9

54 46

32.5 20.5 29

31

11

59

22 12 38 1 4

29

21 45 9

11 13 1

13 12 24 20 9

21 1

75 20 2 2

41 59

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct i on

**Percentilges for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-D~notes zero (0) mentions

23.5

41

5 25

23

27 18 41

2 14

18 36 14

9 23

7 14 23 11 20 25

80 5 I~ 9

45 55

33

SUPPLE~ENTARY INFORMATION

29 22

33

5 19

43

24 12 24

2 40

HJ 48 24 2

12 5

7 5

33 12 24 14 5

79 10

5 7

38 62

13

45

13

42

11 3

77

13

5 60 21 2

13

2 8

16 44 18 13

55 27 8

10

52 48

19

27

4

2 2

64

20 9

49

4 20

13 42 20 ll. 11 2

9 11 22 20 16 20 2

78 11

11

42 58

27

39

19

42

29 10 58

6

26 16 26 10 19 3

19 6

10 16 19 26 3

81 13

6

39 61

Secobarbital is a barbiturate sedative with a characteristic, rapid onset and short duration. The suppression of mental activity by this agent may not be manifested immediately due to sleep-state but subtle distortion of mood and impairment of Judgement can last for 10 ttl 22 hours. The results of overdose. inclUde: central nervous system depression, lowered body temperature and coma,1 death may result from respi~'atory arrest. Both tolerance effects and dependence are common with prolonged use. Furthermore, alcohol and other central nervous system depressants have the abil ity to potentiate secobarbital l:'/fects increaSing the risk of toxicity and death.

51

21

53

4 9

2

32

19 9

5li

2 16

13 51 16 11

9 1

7 8

29 22 22 \1 1

86 5

9

51 49

..

TABLE 3.022 - SECOBARBITAL/AMOBARBITAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

2.516 43

15

Legal RX 1B Forged RX + S~l~ 1 Street buy 27 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk. /Nn resp. 52

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 19 Dependence 29 SUic.att./gest. 25 Unknow./Unwill. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 27

Age (%) DAWN Groupi ng 6-9 -- +

10·19 14 20-29 60 30-39 17 40-49 5 50 8. Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 5 IB-20 13 21-25 34 26-30 24 31-44 16 45 8. Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

72 14 4

11

51 48 +

11** 34 1'7** 35 36 29 35 37

34 23.5 37 23

32 3 3

15

3

44

32 15 35

3 IB

18 53 15 6 6 3

6 15 24 32

9 12 3

8B 12

3B 62

23

9

3

66

14 29 40

17

17 63 9 6 6

3 17 43 20 9 9

51 43

6

26 74

51 37

27

22

14

2

63

18 6

29

4 47

25 51 12 6 4 2

10 20 25 22 14 8 2

71 4 6

20

57 41 2

14** 10** B** 99 21 60 50 43

34 33 33 22

41

1 11

46

16 22 47

2 13

1 11 55 19 6 <I 4

1 5

12 21 31 20

5 4

76 15

9

33 66

1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivatioh.­

*See Introduction

10** 5** 316 20 20 55

31 36.5 6

15'

2

2

Bl

14 2

34

1 50

+ 9

57 21 B 3 1

+ 3 9

31 2B 22

6 1

42 42 2

14

30 70

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for TCltal DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

155 39

13

37

1 39

22

46 26 23

1 4

18 59 16 2 5

12 10 36 19 15 7

83 5 2

10

52 49

211 Alone 71 34 Orug-Induced DrUg-Related

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

10

N

In Comb.

40-49 4 50 8. OVl!r

44 Unk./No resp. 25

N

23 33 2

140 66

11 16 1

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk ./No resp.

Race N

White 17B BJack 24 Other 7 Unk./No resp. 2

84 11 3 1

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes ~ero (0) mentions 52

.-

Deaths Deaths

N

94 39 53

Sex

Male Female

45 18 25

N

8 15 2

N

115 96

4 1 1

55 45

IB** 2B

26

,I

jl

TABLE 3.022 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2.516 43

11**1.294 27 44

1** 3** 18(j 16** 10** 100 33 42 3B 20

Rank in TDS/SMSA 15

Source (%) Legal RX 18 Forged RX + S~l~ 1 Street buy 27 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk ./No resp. 52

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 19 Dependence 29 SUic.att./gest. 25 Unknow./Unwill. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 27

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 14 W~9 W 30-39 17 40-49 5 50 8. Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 5 18-20 13 21-25 34 26-30 24 n-« u 45 10 Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

72 14 4

11

51 48 +

33.5 6

8 + 1

41

+ +

50

16 46 15

+ 24

12 67 15

3 1 1

4 14 40 26 13 , 2 1

76 7 5

12

60 40 +

38 36.5 13

22

1 11

3

64

28 14 27

1 37

23 46 19 6 5 1

10 19 30 13 21 6 1

69 26

3 2

51 49 1

NOTE: Multiple mentions; are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

34

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) ment ions

29

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

23 39

37 27

4B 29

20 25

9.5 24 15 31

35

30

35

17

57

26

4 65 9

17 4

13 43 17 22 4

43 26 26 4

26 74

32 56 15

5 11 4 15

8 2

49 38 70

19 10 40 14 6 15 27 75 35

5 2 5 41 8 10

5 4 15 49 52 60 32 35 10 8 4 . 5 3 4 10 3

3 8

19 24 38

5 3

2 6

27 27 33 4

73 60 19 10 3 10 5 19

43 63 57 38

35 10 30 10 15

70 15 15

25 75

18** 66 44 32

31.5 34

56

6 9

27

35 8

41

5 12

24 50 9 B 9

17 15 32 14 9

14

91 2 3 5

50 50

Secobarbital/amobarbital is a short-to-intermediate acting barbiturate sedative containing equal amounts of amobarbital sodium and secobarbital sodium. Its pharmacological action is similar to that of secobarbital and amobarbital with prolonged use resulting in tolerance effects. psychological dependence and physical dependence.

53

I ..

TABLE 3.023 - PHENOBARBITAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demograghics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1~79

No. of r1entions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stol en Street buy Over- the-counter Gift

.. Other Unk./No resp.

~lot i vati on (%) Psychic effectli Depend'ence : SUic.att./gest. Unknow. IUnwi 11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

2,799 34

14

97 23

5

66 75 1 3 2

1 +

28 23

17 12 17 33 51' 36 + 3 3

16 19

+ 16 16 38 25 25 27 11 16 9 13 1 2

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

+ 9 9

11 8 20 15 17 10 28 36 13 19 1 2

65 59 22 34

3 10

41 54 58 46 +

62 24

15

66

5 2

27

23 6

58

2 11

26 26 27 10 11

21 10 13 15 29 13

73 26

2

34 66

129 25

12

49

2 6

2

42

7 22 52

5 16

10 38 25 14 12 2

6 5

17 22 32 16 2

82 15

3

43 57

65 29

14

68

3

29

9 11 69

2 12

18 37 22 15 8

6 20 22 14 28 11

80 12 2 6

40 60

189 24

12

72 1

2

24

37 37 30

2 22

15 37 26 13 7 1

9 12 19 16 29 15 1

41 44 4

11

59 41

54 41

16

69

6 2

24

22

50

9 19

13 48 17 11 9 2

9 11 19 22 24 13 .

2

59 31

9

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

55 51

9

47

5 2

45

25 4

45

5 20

29 49 18 2 2

15 16 38 11 18 2

71 18 2 9

33 67

90 48

8

54

1 1

1 1

41

7 6

7B

4 9

13 50 24 8 4

8 9

28 23 24

8

46 6

10 39

34 66

130 32

17

66

5 2

2 1

25

12 12 66

2 12

19 37 23 13 7 1

8 18 13 24 22 14 1

58 31

12

35 ;;.5

49 51

46 39

202 47

13.5 11.5 11

51

2

2

45

22 2

47

6 24

20 33 27 6

12 2

6 20 12 16 29 14 2

82 12

6

39 61

59

2 4

2

33

20

65

4 13

26 37 20 7 9 2

20 13 26 9

22 9 2

67 11

22

30 70

45

50

8 4

50

3 34

14 37 30 10 9 +

6 1:L 21 Hi 32 13 +

57 20 7

16

32 68 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

160 18

11

94

4

61 10 27

1 2

8 28 35 16 13 1

6 4

12 23 35 21 1

44 44

3 8

54 46

249

Rank in TDS

Alone 53 21 Drug-Induced Drug-Related In Comb.

9

~A~ge~ __ ~N.~~% ______________ ~N~ %

6-9 40-49 40 16 10-19 9 4 50 & OVer 70 28 20-29 68 27 Unk./No resp. 30-39 62 25

+Less than 0.5%

-Den utes zero (0) mentions

196 79

SUicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Race N

White 200 Black 41 Other 6 Unk./No resp. 2

54

-

80 16 2 1

Deaths Deaths

N

92 54 39

Sex

Male Female

37 22 16

N

11 44 9

N

III 138

%

4 16 4

%

45 55

• 1

44 34

14

84

2

14

9 5

77

16 39 34 9 2

7 11 25 11 39 7

61

2 36

27 73

At

TABLE 3.023· - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2,799 34

63 5.6

366·---:23~--2:5~~1;6:0---:8~9---:30~--~1=9.=*--~79~~41~~9~3--~6~7---3~72-----19 65 44 50 43 37 37 33 41 39 39 38

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

14 12.5 19 10.5 12 16 9 16.5 13 10.5 19 6.5 15 8

Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Suic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwi1l. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (") White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

66 1 3 2

1 +

28

17 17 51 + 3

16

+ 16 38 25 11 9 1

+ 9

11 20 17 28 13 1

65 22

3 10

41 58 +

59 17

3 2

6

16

57 2

38

5

5 49 33

6 5 2

2 3

25 27 33 8 2

49 49

2

51 49

79

3 3

15

5 58 29

1 7

+ 11 38 29 11 9 1

+ 7 7

18 20 32 14 1

64 28

3 5

52 48 +

65

9

9

17

4

65

4 26

22 22 30 9

17

22 13 9

35 22

65 35

17 83

68

8

8

20

4 76

20

20 44 16 16 4

12 16 24 16 16 16

84 8

8

20 80

52 1 3 1

2

43

13 6

52

31

24 42 18 9 7 1

16 9

26 18 21 8 1

78 17 3 3

33 67

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

·See Introduction

61

9 11

9 1

11

25 10 56

6 6

22 33 35 8 2

11 15 24 15 28 8

84 3 9 3

36 64

·*Percenhges for demographics not computed due to sma11 numbers.

+Less than 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

57

10 7

3 23

20 13 37

3 27

20 57 20

3

13 17 27 27 13

3

73 20

7

53 47

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

66 1 5 3

27

8 9

57

4 24

10 48 20 6

14 1

4 10 28 16 25 15 1

66 11 1

22

27 73

56

10

34

5 10 73

15

7 51 29

12

15 24 22 27 12

59 10 7

24

61 39

53

3 1

2

41

9 3

69

4 16

14 3B 18 17 12 1

8 10 22 13 26 22 1

77 8 5

10

35 65

49

6

45

4 13 76 1

6

25 33 22 13 6

16 15 19 7

28 13

46 37

16

37 61

1

72

+

25

15 3

62

3 18

1 19 42 21 9 9 1

1 12 12 23 16 25 12 1

81 10 2 7

39 61 +

Phenobarbital is a lon9-acting barbiturate sedative with a duration time of up to 24 hours. It has been prescribed medically as a hypnotic sedative and anticonvulsant. Because of its slow rate of metabolism (and therefore onset of action), phenobarbital is not used for episodic into)(ication as frequently as other barbiturates.

55

I r: Ji Ii Ii

..

TABLE 3.024 - PENTOBARBITAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank 1 n TDS/SMSA

564 44

34

SOU'fce (%) Legal RX 45 Forged RX Stolen 2 Street buy 9 Over-the-count~'r Gift . 2 Other Unk./No resp. 42

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 9 SUic.att./gest. 51 Unknow./Unwill. + other 3 Unk./No resp. 22

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 13 20-29 42 30-39 17 , 40-49 12 50 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 18-20 6 21-25 24 26-30 19 n-« W 45 & Over 21 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 76 Black 7 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 15

Sex (%) Male 45 Female 55 Unk./No resp. +

11** 15** 37 36 40 '35

34 31.5 28

32

11

3

54

Hi 8

43

3 30

8 51 14 5

22

5 5

30 24 14 22

95

5

46 54

15** 14** 22 27 29 50

30.5 34 31

32

36

9

23

14 5

55

9 18

27 45

27

18 14 23 18

27

68 5

27

41 55

5

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

11** 7** 31 36 57 45

31.5 34 35

61'

6 6

26

16

55

29

19 32 16 19 13

16 10 16 10 29 19

81 3

16

35 65

13** 8** 53 23 54 63 51 35

W U.S W.5 M

40

4 2

4

51

13 2

45

4 36

8 42 15 25 11

'8 4

17 21 28 23

66 9 8

17

34 66

65

13

22

30 13 43

4 9

43 26 17 13

26 30 26 17

65 9

26

52 48

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Tatal DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons

203

Rank in TDS

11

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

4 49 29

40-49 2 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

23 98

24 Unk./No resp. 14

11 48

N %

94 46 109 54

Race

White Black Otller Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 56

-

N

184 8 8 3

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N %

Suicide 121 60 Accid./Unexp. 30 15 Unk./No resp. 31 15

91 4 4 1

Sex

Male Female

N %

5 2 14 7 2 ,'~

N

94 109

46 54

10** 40

31.5

I:~

, i

TABLE 3.024 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

564 44

6** 47 3** 10** 29 50 38 33 70 48

13** 3** 4** 27 46 67 50 41

35 54

22 27

16** 79 69 43

34 Rank in TDS/SMSA 38.5 34 29 27 38 35 37.5 29 29 20 30 33 30 Source (%)

Legal RX 45 Forged RX Stolen 2 Street buy 9 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 42

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 9 Suic.att./gest. 51 Unknow./Unwl11. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 22

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 13 20-29 42 30-39 17 40-49 12 50 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 9 l~W 6 21-25 24 26-30 19 n-« W 45 & Over 21 Unk./t'!ii resp. 1

Race (%) Whib n Black 7 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 15

Sex (%) 'Male 45 Female 55 Unk./NO resp. +

43

17

40

15 15 49

4 17

4 34 17 6

32 6

4 2

23 17 13 34 6

77 11 2

11

40 57 2

38

14

3

45

10

45

7 38

21 38 17 7

14 3

li 7

28 14 17 17 3

83 7

10

38 62

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

33

4 15

48

22 15 33

4 30

11 37 30 4

19

7 11 7

30 22 22

59 7 4

30

52 48

60

14

26

11 17 69

3 6

6 49 23 9

14

3 11 26 26 17 17

69 14 9 9

49 51

32

9

59

18 5

68

5 5

50 14 27 9

36 14 27 23

77 5 9 9

41 59

Pentobarbital is a short-to-interMediate acting barbiturate sedative which depresses the central nervous system to pro~uce drowsiness and sleep. Pentobarbital is similar to the other barbiturates in that it has a very high p~tentlal for physiological dependence, and its withdrawal syndrome can be more dangerous than that of heroin As wlth other barbiturates, tolerance to pentobarbital's sedative effects can occur rapidly. •

57

'r_~-___ _

47

3 4

46

15 8

62 1 1

14

14 35 23 10 18

9 6

22 14 27 23

82 4 1

13

49 51

TABLE 3.025 - AM03ARBi'rAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone ('"

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source ('" Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation ('" Psychic effects Dependence Sui c. att ./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age ('" DAWN Grouping 6-9-

222 15

39

20 6 2

49

2

22

63 9

21

8

10-19 13 20-29 59 30-39 17 40-49 4 50 " Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Age ('" CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 5 18-20 12 21-25 31 26-30 25 31-44 17 45 " Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Race ('" White 39 Black 55 Other-_ ~ Unk./N9 resp. 5

Sex ('" Male 64 Female 36 Unk./No resp.

.:J' ~ ~ ~

3** 67

41

.. ~ :.."

.... ~ § ~ ~ .... '" t...'" C1' ","

~ ~ ~ " ,," fl;J'" fl;J0 is " 'l>

1** 7** 1** 3** 1** 29

42 39 41 40 42

NOTE: Multiple mentions are pc~sible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

JJ q;; ~I:i; ~ .....

0" $ '" ~

... .... '" I; .... '" c::s'" <fl c::s

1** 11** 2** 1** 3** 3** 18 50 33 33

42 40 40.5 42 42 42

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

109

Rank in TDS

16

Ase

6-9 10-19

N

~ 20-29 45 30-39 18

" 5

41 17

Concomitance N

Alone 10 9 In Comb. 99 91

N " Race

40-49 10 9 White 50 " Over 30 28 Black Unk./No resp. 1 1 Other

Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5" (

-O~notes zero (Ol mentions 58

-

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-l nd"c!ld Or~g·Rel ated Dqa~hs Deaths

N " N " SUicide 49 45 7 6 Accid./Unexp. 28 26 10 9 Unk. /No resp. 12 11 3 3

N " Sex N " 90 83 Male 56 51 13 ~2 Female 53 49 3 3 3 3

...... .... J ~

~.,

~

4** 75

38.5

! , :

TABLE 3.025 - Continued

~ q;t t'" i:' .... 0 ~ c::s

.0 c:. .... .~

~ ~

q;; ......... ~ ~ 5<.0

~ ~ .§ ~ ~ ~

$ <fl ~ ~ q; c::s q;

No. of Mentions 222 132 9** 2** 15** 1** Alone ('" 15 6 22 50 13 100

Rank in TDS/SMSA 39 6 38 38.5 41

Source ('" Legal RX 2(1 10 Forred RX 6 9 Sto en 2 Street buy 49 74 Over-the-counter Gift Other

2 2

Unk./No resp. 22 5

Motivation ('" Psychic effects 63 89 Dependence 9 8 SUic.att./gest. 21 2 Unknow./Unwi11. Other Unk./No resp. 8

Age ('" DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 13 11 20-29 59 67 30-39 17 19 40-49 4 2 50 " Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Age ('" CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 5 2 18-20 12 14 21-25 31 35 26-30 25 29 31-44 17 18 45 " Over 9 2 Unk./No resp. 1

Race ('" White 39 17 Black 55 83 Other + Unk. /No rasp. 5

Sex ('" Male 64 77 Female 36 23 Unk. /No resp.

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

41

* ....... c§'

'" ..... c.;;

2** 50

39.5

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

~ . ..... 0 cJ

§ ~

.~

"" ~ .... ., .f ~ .... flj 4..:..'" It ",t:: .§ ~ q;t ., ., ., '?

1** 4** 2**

38 40 39.5

Amobarbital is a short-to-intermediate acting barbiturate sedative which acts as a depressant on the central

13** 46

42

nervous system. Tolerance may deVelop after continual usage, requiring an increase in dosage to attain the resul ts desired. Alcohol, another depressant of the central nervous system, can potentiate the action of a barbiturate, causing respiratory failure and death.

~ -\\

59

I, ,

..

TABLE 3.026 - BUTABARBITAL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

.. ~ "OJ ..:l' . ,§ § .... 0 .§? .... '" § .... .... '" (J ",OJ

~~ ........ ~ a- .... OJ

'll'" ~ (.j ~ ~

----No. of Mentions 179 3** 9** 3** 7** 3** 2**

Alone (%) 49 33 89 100 29 33 100

Rank in TOS/SMSA 42 41 37 421' 37 40 41

Source (%) Legal RX 61 Forged RX Stolen 4 street buy Over- the-counter

1

Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 3 SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill.

64

Other 1 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Gnouping 6-9-

10-19 15 20-29 32 30-39 23 40-49 15 50 & OVer 15 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 7 18-20 9 21-25 18 26-30 16 31-44 30 45 & Over 20 lJnk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 83 Black 8 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 8

Sex (%) Male 20 Female BO Unk./tlo resp.

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

:;:.'" .... ~ ~ ~ ~ '"

.t> ~ ~ ~ {; .... 0 .~ .t> '<f is :::' ... ~ ~

<;I'" rfl rt; 0" ~'ti <;j <:) ~ 4' " 6** 4** 7** 4** 3** 11** 5**

67 50 75 67 64 20

36.5 40.5 42 38.5 40 38 41

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

15**

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

32

N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

N

N

1 7 14 93

Race

White Black Other Unk.lNo resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to sma1l numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes ~,ero (0) mentions

'\\ 60

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

Drug-Induced Deaths

N %

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Rel ated Deaths

N %

N %

,,,~

{f QJ ~

~<;-

1**

42

I

.. _, .-.... "·-·'-·~------------"·----___ tilt.lJ ___ ~l

-

'\

J)

-::;',\\

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Strflet buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./Nil res-po

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gcst. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & O'ver Unk./N() resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (~) Mille Female llllk./No resp.

.... ..:l' ~

179 49

42

61

4 1

2

32

16 3

64

1 17

15 32 23 15 15 1

7 9

18 16 30 20 1

83 8 2 8

20 8,)

TABLE 3.026 - Continued

15** 7** 7** 2** 10** 1**. 6** 67 71 86 100 50 100 33

32 40 23.5 38.5 42 41 34.5

5** 20

39

o· <.) ..

q; § q;

.... ~ ~ .... ~

7** 51 29 35

37 36

73

2

25

8 4

73

16

10 33 20 24 14

4 6

20 18 29 24

92 4

4

16 84

NOTE: MUltiple mentions are possible for sourc'e=--:a::n:d-m-o-=-ti:-v-a-=-ti':-o-n-.--------------------­

*See Introduction

·*Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

.. , SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Butabarbital is a short-to-intermediate acting barbiturate. Its depressant action on the central nervous system makes the drug easily potentiated by other central nervous system depressants, especially alcohol. The tolerance effects of the barbiturates, which usually require larger doses to maintain the same results may lead to both psychological and physical dependence. '

61

" 1\

1\ I ~ , , , I I, I

i I I I

II iii

i " , ' I

...

TABLE 3.03 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - NON-BARBITURATE SEDATIVES

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank In TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen St,'eet buy Over- the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Sulc.att./gest. Unknow. /Unwl11. Other L1nk./No resp.

14.780 40

3

34 + 1

15 14 2 +

34

19 11 51 + 2

18

Age (%) DAWN Grouping ti-9 -- +

10-19 18 20 .. 29 43 30-39 20 40-49 9 50 At Over 9 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 10 18-20 13 21-25 • 24 26-30 18 31-44 22 45 8. Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 73 Black 11 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

41 59 +

370 41

3

32 + 2 6

18 2

40

19 7

53

1 21

260 40

4

37 + 2

14 14 1

32

19 10 56

3 14

22 20 40 45 21 17 9 8 6 8 1 +

14 10 14 14 22 22 14 t4 25 17 9 13 1 +

76 83 9 13 + +

14 4

39 48 61 51

+

510 37

4

33 + + 8

19 2

37

13 9

63

2 15

15 45 22 8 8 1

7 11 24 21 23 12 1

85 6 2 7

43 57

254 41

4

37

2 2

17 1

41

13 5

66

2 17

17 3ll 20 17 14 +

8 13 15 15 32 17 +

74 12 3

11

35 64

1

729 41

4

35

1 6

10 2

46

18 7

46

3 30

+ 22 42 17 9 9 1

+ 13 13 22 18 20 13 1

64 16 6

15

36 63 +

354 44

3

38

1 5

19 2 +

35

12 4

58

4 25

20 37 17 12 13 +

12 13 20 14 21 20 +

74 12 +

13

36 64

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

236 53

3

41

1 2

18 2

37

24 2

56

3 16

18 43 21 10 9

9 13 27 14 24 14

83 8 4 4

33 67

381 44

3

44

+ 2

24 2

29

13 2

71

3 12

15 39 24 10 10 2

9 10 21 18 25 15 2

48 3 3

46

41 59

818 41

4

44 + 1 5

16 2

32

14 9

60 + 2

16

+ 16 44 20 12 9 1

+ 8

13 24 19 22 14 1

63 24 +

13

37 63

310 254 1.194 1.435 35 42 45 38

3

24

+ 5

19 2

50

31 6

46

2 18

25 42 14 9 9 1

18 13 25 14 15 14 1

85 6

9

45 55 +

3

40

1 6

19 4

30

12 2

67

2 17

+ 19 36 22 12 9 +

+ 9

16 20 14 24 16 +

69 10 1

20

30 70

3

31

1 2

11 1

54

13 4

53 + 1

30

11 39 25 14 11 1

6 8

21 19 29 17 1

66 11 4

19

35 65 +

2

25

1 47 5 3

18

48 16 30

1 5

+ 27 50 13

5 5 +

+ 16 17 29 18 13 7 +

73 9 5

13

51 49

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-Det:ember 1979

No. of Mentions

476

Rank In TOS

6

~ N %

6-9 40-49 10-19 37 8 50 8. Over

Concoml tance N %

Alone In Comb.

88 18 388 82

%

16 23

2(1-29 166 35 Unk./No resp. 30-39 87 18

N

76 109

1 +

+less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Race

White 8lack Other Unk./No resp.

62

.-

CauselManner of Death

Suicide Accld./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

421 88 37 8 14 3 4 1

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

219 105 68

Sex

Hale Female

46 22 14

N

19 53 12

N

258 218

4 11 3

54 46

330 39

3

47

1 3

31 1

17

12 4

76

1 8

18 38 16 11 15 2

9 13 18 19 20 19 2

75 1 1

23

35 65 +

I~'

I

I

r i.

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rink In TDS/SMSA

Soul'ce (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Overwthe-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.ltt./gest. Unknow./Unw111. Other Unk./No I',!Sp.

14,780 40

3

34 + 1

15 14 2 +

34

19 11 51 + 2

18

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 18 20-29 43 30-39 20 40-49 9 50 & Over 9 Unk ./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 10 18-20 13 21-25 24 26-30 18 31-44 22 45 & OVer 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 73 Black 11 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male Fe:nale Unk ./No resp.

41 59 +

220 2.151 58 32

5 4

41 17 5 + 2 1

12 4C 10 5 4 2

+ 27 35

36 20 11 35 43 30

+ 1 1 9 15

19 43 21 10 6 1

10 15 24 17 22 10 1

73 22 + 5

41 58 +

+ 19 51 19 4 6 1

+ 10 13 28 22 18 7 1

75 12 4

10

53 47 +

118 54

3

43 1 1 2

31 2

22

11 2

66

3 18

19 48 17 9 7

7 11 29 17 19 11

82 17

1

29 71

TABLE 3.03 - Continued

132 1.022 390 39 44 34

3

30 2 1 3

11 4

50

11 2

55 1 1

30

21 43 22 10 4

8 19 23 20 24 6

76 5 2

17

32 68

3

28 + + 7 9 2 + 5~

19 8

41

1 33

22 44 18 8 9 1

12 14 24 18 18 13 1

81 13 3 4

45 55 +

3

46

2 10 22 3 1

16

18 9

58

3 13

1 15 36 21 15 12 +

1 7

13 19 16 24 20 +

84 3 7 6

33 67

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct i on

+less than 0.5%

·Denotes zero (0) ment ions

234 31

3

54

3 3

12 4

26

11 6

56

1 25

15 39 21 12 13 +

9 9

27 13 22 20 +

74 12 1

12

43 57

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

115 42

3

51

2 5

21

21

8 1

70

21

16 38 29 10 6 1

l,O 10 22 19 28 10 1

61 9

23 8

32 66 2

44& :lti

56

2 4

13 2

24

14 9

57

5 19

9 40 29 7

13 1

5 6

24 18 31 16 1

68 8 4

20

35 65 +

.~ .")

240 331 34 34

3 3

36 34 + 1

25 4 13 26 + +

26 35

16 16 6 4

74 70 +

3 2 4 9

7 47 32 6 8 +

2 6

24 28 ~9 11 +

70 7 5

18

51 49

14 40 21 16 8 1

6 12 20 18 28 15 1

74 5 5

16

35 65

393 1.561 45 43

4 3

27 47 +

2 1 3 4

21 21 1 2

+ 45 26

13 14 6 3

67 66

1 2 13 16

19 35 23 9

13 1

10 11 20 16 24 18 1

65 18 2

15

39 61

19 36 21 12 11 +

12 12 20 14 25 17 +

79 7 2

12

32 68 +

Non-barbiturate sedatives are drugs promoted for their sedative and hypnotic effects which lack a barbituric acid der1v~t1ve in their chemical structure, They comprise a wide variety of chemical compound~ that are mostly unrelated. As a clas~ they are less potent central nervous system depressants than the barbiturates. This therapeutic class of drugs while posseSSing some of the disadvantages of the barbiturates, constitutes a satisfactory alternative to bubiturate use.

jI 1/

63

j1

I: I , i I' I, Ii I! Ii

"" , If it 1"1 ~ i Ii I. , ' ,

TABLE 3.031 - FLURAZEPAM

gmergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

4.666 38

6

Legal RX 63 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 1 Over-the-counter Gift Other + Unk./No rcsp. 32

Mot,ivation (%) Psychic effects 12 Dependence 5 SUic.att./gest. 66 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --- +

10-19 11 20-29 29 30-19 25 40-49 16 50 & OVer 18 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 7 18-20 6 21-25 14 H-W ~ n-« W 45 & Over 25 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) Whih n Bl<1ck 11 Other 3 Unk.!No resp. 14

Sex (%) Male 30 Female 70 Unk./No resp. +

112 33

4

70 41

12

59 71

4 3 1

2

35 24

11 9 4 9

62 71

2 3 22 10

11 13 30 31 33 19 14 20 12 17

9 10 4 4

17 6 13 29 38 21 18 30

70 87 9 11

21

34 44 66 56

187 30

6

58

2

39

10 7

71

2 13

10 28 31 14 16 1

4 7

14 17 35 22 1

85 4 2

10

29 71

102 36

7.5

47

3

49

10 4

72

3 14

16 25 24 22 13 1

7 11 12 16 35 19 1

68 16 4

13

29 71

230 39

57

+ 3

40

13 3

59

1 26

+ 16 34 22 13 14

+ 7

11 15 19 27 20

62 21 7

10

21 78 1

133 41

6

67

2 1

30

6 3

67

5 21

11 24 24 19 22 1

4 8

10 15 30 32 1

67 14 1

18

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible fal' source and motivation,

*See Introduction

104 57

4

61

2

37

24 1

67

2 6

11 30 30 14 15

4 10 15 14 35 22

85 8 3 5

33 67

157 35

5

76

23

7 1

77

5 )!:

10 31 27 17 16

7 5

15 18 31 24

50 3 1

46

38 62

255 36

7

75

2 1

2

~2

12 5

65

2 18

11 29 23 19 18

6 7

14 16 31 25

63 24

14

25 75

74 28

Ii

54

43

27 3

55

4 14

11 34 16 20 18 1

8 3

20 14 26 28 1

82 e 9

28 n

103 34

4

66

2 1

3

28

5 1

75

2 17

1 13 24 25 22 15

1 7 7

14 15 30 27

67 9

24

21 79

478 40

4

45

1 1

5:)

10 3

59 + 1

27

6 29 27 19 17 1

5 2

14 19 33 26 1

66 9 4

20

29 70 +

200 46

8

80

6 1

13

22 9

62

2 7

13 27 22 19 21

9 7

15 13 28 30

70 10 5

16

31 69

tl.edical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Men,tions

105

Rank in TDS

17.5

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

3 25 12

+Less than 0.5%

40-49 3 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

22 43

24 Unk./No resp. 11

-Denutes zero (0) mentIons

%

21 41

N

10 95

%

10 90

Cause/Manner of Death

N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

%

White 93 89 81 ack 6, 6 Other 5 5 Unk./No resp. 1 1

64

Drug-Induced Deaths

N %

68 65 7 7

17 16

Sex

Hale i'ema1e

Drug-Re 1 ated Deaths

.,

N %

2 2 6 6 5 5

N

47 58

%

45 55

150 33

4

80

18

10 3

78

1 9

10 27 23 17 23

5 7

12 16 29 30

79 1 1

20

29 71

'I

j ~ t

, \

TABLE 3.031 - Continued

55

5 4

37

8 20 59

1 13

11 31 25 9

22 1

6 8

14 18 26 27 1

71 15 5 9

40 60 +

73

2

24

11

67

2 20

7 40 22 22

9

4 11 16 20 31 18

82 18

18 82

44 52 1 1

2 1

+ 55 44

9 16 4 2

58 53 2

1 27 29

16 13 35 28 25 22 18 16 5 20

1

7 8 13 7 22 15 15 15 33 26 11 29

1

71 78 5 12 4 6

20 4

25 32 75 68

+ NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+L ess than q. 5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

74 66

1 4 6 1

1 4 2

15 25

14 10 9

60 63

8 1 12 26

3 6 15

22 31 26 26 21 12 21 15 1 1

3 4 11 4 5

11 24 15 10 27 30 36 19 1 1

85 73 2 15 8 1 5 11

27 34 73 66

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

69

2 2

28

2

70

28

11 35 31 13 9

7 9

20 19 31 13

56 9

28 7

30 69 2

182 33

4.5

75

3 1

3

18

12 2

67

4 17

9 30 34 8

19 1

4 5

16 14 38 21 1

66 8 5

20

28 71 1

Q>'

79 130 32 25

6 4

73 60 1 1

6 1

20 38

6 11 1 3

91 75 1

1 1 3 12

4 10 35 25 34 24 8 27

19 13 1

1 6 3 5

15 12 24 16 35 36 22 24

1

68 78 10 5 8 2

14 15

44 28 56 72

c., <:)'

144 613 38 40

7 4

52 75 +

2 1

+ 45 22

12 13 3 3

76 73

1 1 10 11

10 12 26 29 27 22 13 17 22 19 1 +

6 9 6 5

11 15 15 15 32 29 28 26 1 +

62 81' 19 6 1 2

18 11

33 26 67 74

~~ uraz~~am i~ athnon-barbi turate sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. Because fl urazepam works by depressing e ac 10n 0 e central nervous system, its action may be potentiated by other central nervous system de ressants

~~~~n~~n~!~Ohol. Normal dnse levels of flurazepam have not been known to produce either phy.s:ical or PSYCh~lOgical

65

.".,-.. ~\

: j

, ,

i, I H

;1

..

TABLE 3.032 - METHAQUALONE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

~~t-,

!f ~ #

~'ti ~<:-

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

--~3~,~27=0--~9~2--~8=5--~8~4·----79*~*~~773-~5~7--~27~--~53~--~61~--~72~--~42~~1~79~-~9~05~--

35 28 35 25 33 42 35 33 34 36 28 31 37 32

Rank in TDS/SMSA 11 7 10 IB 34.5 22 13 17 17 25.5 8 15.5 14 2

Source (%) Legal RX 13 15

1 1

17

14 1 1

3B

B

1 30

10

1 26

14 Forged RX + S~l~ 1 Street buy 43 Over-the-counter Gift 4 Other + Unk. INa resp. 39

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 39 Dependence 1B SUic.att./gest. 2B Unkno~I./Unwil1. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6·9 - +

10-19 29 20-29 56 30-39 11 40-49 1 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- • +

10-17 16 1B-20 21 21-25 34 26-30 1B 31-44 10 45 & Over 1 Unk. INa resp. 1

Race (%) White BO Black 6 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 57 Female 42 Unk./No resp. +

2

63

32 11 40

1 1B

30 49 16

3 1

16 26 29 11 16 1

86 4 1 9

57 43

44

31 15 36

1 19

27 59 8 4 1 1

11 20 38 22

6 2 1

B9 4 1 6

59 40

1

56

20 18 45

2 17

13 62 20 1

4

8 10 33 27 18

1\

85 B 1 6

60 40

56

34 10 29

5 26

37 55

7

21 22 36 15

5 1

77 4 5

14

59 41

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

21

4 2

60

30 7

35

5 30

35 58

5

2

26 14 39 14

5 2

91

9

54 46

22

4

4

70

26 7

33

33

30 56 11

4

7 30 41

"( 11 4

B9 11

56 44

25

B

4

64

42 B

42

6 11

B 62 25 2

4

2 9

30 32 23

4

40 4 2

55

57 43

36 2 2

15

5

41

2B 11 51

2 10

34 48 11 3 2 2

13 2B 30 13 11 3 2

64 7

30

65 34

13 24

1 13 14

10

72 52

40 24 8 2

32 50

3 2 24 21

42 24 54 52

3 21

2

29 12 25 24 33 26 B 19 3 17 1 2

B3 79 3 7

2 14 12

54 57 44 43 1

IB

2 10

6B

2B 3

42

1 26

1B 60 16 2 2 2

10 15 36 20 14 3 2

65 7 4

25

49 50 1

7

+ 70

4

19

61 17 17

1 5

+ 34 56

B 1 1 +

+ 19 22 34 17 6 1 +

75 7 5

12

58 42

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N % Cause/Manner of Death

87

Rank in TDS

19

Age N %

40-49 20 23 50 & Over

Alone In Comb.

6 7

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

46 53 Unk./No resp. 8 9

%

7 B

18 21 69 79

Race N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

%

White 83 95 2 2

Bl ack 2 Other 2 Unk ./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 66

Drug·Induced Drug-Re1 ated Deaths Deaths

N %

18 21 13 15 10 11

Sex

Male Female

N %

13 15 32 37 1 1

N %

63 24

72 2B

23 26

24.5

43

22

13

22

35 4

52

4 4

9 57 17 9 4 4

9 30 35 17 4 4

70

30

61 39

TABLE 3.032 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

3,270 35

11

Legal RX 13 Forged RX + Ho1~ 1 Street buy 43 Over-the-counter Gift 4 Other + Unk./No resp. 39

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 39 Dependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 2B Unknow./Unwi11. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10·19 29 20-29 56 30-39 11 40A9 1 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 16 1B-20 21 21-25 34 26-30 1B 31-44 10 45 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whi~ 00 B1 ack 6 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 57 Female 42 Unk ./No resp. +

77 57

8

35 6

29

5

25

48 22 22

9

1B 5B 17 4 3

5 22 34 19 16 4

71 23 1 4

55 45

644 32

10

3

+ 66

4

27

32 37 22 + 1 8

30 59 10 + + +

17 22 34 19 B + +

B3 6 1 9

59 41 +

20 75

12

45

5

5

45

20 5

40 -

15 20

30 55

5

5 30 60

95 5

65 35

18** 255 33 45

17.5 6

14

19

4

64

27 16 21

1 39

34 53 13 1

18 24 31 16 10 +

93 4 1 2

63 36 1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for sourc; and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

56 32

17

27

2 30

13

30

43 16 32

13

29 52 9 7 4

14 16 30 21 13

5

91

9

57 43

IB** 22

24.5

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

13** 3B

17

63 37

14

33

3 19

3

41

14 25 33

3 24

8 59 22

6

5

2 8

33 27 22

3 5

70 6 5

19

62 38

63 41 32 27

11.5 21.5

11 15

5 65 22

2

22 59

46 37 8 7

41 49 - -2 5 8 5

13 17 63 54 22 22 2 5

2

5 10 11 12 37 22 27 27 19 24 2 5

76 88 3 7 6

14 5

54 51 46 49

62 178 34 37

16 16

24 1

2 1 15 21

7

79 48

27 22 18 5 35 49 . 3 3

18 21

34 33 47 54 1B 11

2

19 1B 18 21 34 34 18 15 10 11 2 1

85 86 6 6 2 1 6 7

58 52 42 47

1

Methaqualone, a synthetic non-barbiturate sedative has been found to have a high potential for both physiological and psychological dependence with prolonged use. Tolerance effects have also been noted. Because of its depressant action on the central nervous system, methaqualone may be potentiated by alcohol, the barbiturates and other seda tives.

67

..

TABLE 3.033 - GLUTETHIMIDE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in Til .. ,JA

495 7** 40 57

35 37.5

Source (%) Legal RX 52 Forged RX + Stolen 1 Street buy 4 Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk. /No resp. 42

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 12 Dependence 13 SUic.att./gest. 52 Unknow./Unwill. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 23

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 8 20-29 34 30-39 25 40-49 16 50 & Over 15 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9,--

10-17 5 18-20 5 21-25 18 26-30 18 31-44 31 45 & Over 21 Unk. /No resp. 1

Rac!! (%) White 77 Black 12 Other 1 Unk./No resp, 10

Sex (%) Male 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp.

15** 33

31.5

30 27

32

30 3

20

53

23 10 43

7 20

7 67 20

3 3

3 3

37 30 20 7

97

3

53 47

22 59

28

55

5

41

5 9

82

9

5 9

27 45 14

5

14 68 14

91 5

14 86

25 40

31

56

4

40

16 12 52

8 20

12 32 20 24 12

8 4

12 20 32 24

52 20

28

24 76

NOTE: Multip'je mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

16** 69

32

4** 75

39

6** 17

36.5

15 20

36.5

2** 9** 56

40.5 31

Medical Examiner Mentions - Oemographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons

55

Rank in TDS

22

Age N

6-9 10-19 4 20-29 13 30-39 11

%

7 24 20

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

40-49 13 50 & Over 14 Unk./No resp.

%

24 25

N

16 39

%

29 71

Race

White Black Other Unk. /No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 68

-

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Uhexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

47 85 6 11 1 2 1 2

Drug-Induced Deaths

N %

25 45 16 29 12 22

Sex

Male Female

74 32

24:

41

59

7 12 45

1 36

1 47 24 20 7

5 27 24 30 14

76 14 1 9

51 49

18** 22

36

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

2 4

N %

24 44 31 56

3** 33

40.5

I'

TABLE 3.033 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

495 5** 40 20

66 55

1** 100

61 4** 10** '7 2** 19** 21

5** 5** 14** 57 33 50 50 50 60 40 50 42

Rank in TDS/SMSA 35

Source (%) Legal RX 52 Forged RX + Hol~ 1 Street buy 4 Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp. 208

Motivation (%) Psych i c effects 12 Dependence 13 SUic.att./gest. 52 Unknow. /Unwl11. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 23

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 8 20-29 34 30-39 25 40-49 16 50 & Over 15 Unk./No resp. '1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 5 18-20 5 n-~ W 26-30 18 31-44 31 45 & Over 21 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 77 Black 12 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp.

40 31. 5 38

68

2 8

2

21

5 12 77

2 8

3 35 32 12 17 2

2 3

23 14 35 23 2

82 15

3

39 61

33

10 2

5

3

84

25 13 28

39

16 44 21

5 13

11 8

16 33 13 18

6~ 20 2

10

49 51

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographi cs not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

38 29

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

36 31 37 38.5 35

Glutethimide is a non-barbiturate sedative which ~/Orks as a depressant on the central nervous system. Like the barbiturates, excessive use of glutethimide can result in both physical and psychological dependence. Alcohol, barb!turates and other central nervous system depressants can potentiate glutethimide effects, producing resplratory depression, coma, and death.

69

35

74

2

2

25

9 7

56

5 25

11 18 37 19 16

5 7

11 5

49 23

86 2 4 9

40 60

i! 'I

il I' , ' J

, , :

! ~ i I

Ii

11

~ i'

TABLE 3.034 ~ ETHCHLORVVNOL

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

1,965 37

21

50tn'ce (%) ~g~ 0 ~ Forged RX 1 Stolen 1 Street buy 11 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 48

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 21 Dependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 34 Unknow./Unwill. Other 2 Unk./No resp. 26

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 9 20-29 50 30-39 25 40-49 8 50 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. 2

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 4 18-20 9 21-25 27 26-30 24 31-44 25 45 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 2

Race (%) White 75 Black 8 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) t~ale 49 Female 51 Unk./No resp. +

4B 42

15

54

2 2

4

38

17 10 52

2 23

23 50 17 8 2

17 10 27 21 21 4

83 6

10

33 67

31 35

25

45

6 6

42

16 13 58

16

10 48 32

3 6

3 13 19 32 26 6

84 6

10

58 42

31 29

15** 195 20 37

30.5 30.5 9

39

3

6 26 48

3 16

68 13 6

10 3

3 19 58

3 13

3

84 3 3

10

58 42

33

2 6

2

57

24 15 28

3 35

16 50 17 9 5 3

8 12 27 22 20 9 3

65 9 5

21

53 47

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation"

*See Introduction

26 38

30

54

4 8

35

15 8

58

4 23

23 35 19 12 12

12 15 8

27 19 19

77 19

4

38 62

29 52

15

59

7

3

31

24

38

14 28

14 45 ~.8 7 7

10 3

31 14 28 14

93 3 3

41 59

18** 164 39 38

30 11

51

2 4

42

15 15 50

3 20

1 9

55 23 10 2 1

1 3

11 31 21 26 7 1

71 20

9

43 57

64 30

9

30

8

2

61

22 16 39

3 22

25 41 19 6 9

20 11 23 14 17 14

92 2

6

52 48

17** 128 41 48

148 49

26.5 20.5 14

34

2

4

60

13 6

38

1 42

5 35 38 13 9 1

3 4

19 17 44 13 1

67 13 3

17

24 76

62

1 12

5

20

40 20 33

1 5

11 46 32 7 5

7 8

18 28 31 8

77 3 5

15

52 48

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

157

Rank in TDS

12

Age N %

40-49 6 50 & Over

Concomitance N %

Alone 27 17 In Comb. 130 83

N

18 26

11 17

Race

White Black Other

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N

135 17 5

86 11 3

Drug- Induced Deaths

N

60 52 26

Sex

Male Female

38 33 17

Drug-Re 1 ated Deaths

N

3 12 4

N

85 72

2 8 3

54 46

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

9 58 46

37 Unk./No resp. 29 Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 70

10** 20

31.5

I ! !

'.; I

!'

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

1,965 37

44 48

510 32

TABLE 3.034 - Continued

2** 28 50 29

145 35

38 34

44 20

Rank in TDS/SMSA 21 22 15 32.5 8.5 20 26.5 11

Source (%) Legal RX 37 Forged RX 1 S~l~ 1 Street buy 11 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 48

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 21 C'ependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 34 Unknow./Unwi 11. Other 2 IJnk./No resp. 26

A9r- {%) DAWN Grouping -0-9 + 10-19 9 20-29 50 30-39 25 40-49 8 50 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. 2

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 4 18-20 9 21-25 27 26-30 24 31-44 25 45 & Over 9 Unk./No resp. 2

Race (%) White 75 Black 8 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 49 Female 51 Unk./No resp. +

43 11 2 7

2

34

41 9

39

2 9

20 41 23 9 7

11 20 14 18 20 16

89 11

48 52

11 + +

26

61

24 35 10

+ 31

4 59 27 6 1 4

1 6

32 29 26 2 4

67 10 7

15

60 40

32 7

4

57

14

54

32

25 54 14 4 4

25 25 32 14 4

93

29 71

32 1

6

2

58

17 9

40

2 34

9 65 17 4 3 3

3 10 41 25 16

3 3

88 7 2 3

46 53 1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

76

5 8

13

16 18 47

3 18

8 45 21 13 13

3 8

29 16 29 16

87

5 8

39 61

**Percentar,es for demographi cs not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

73

2

2

23

7 14 41

2 36

7 41 16 23 14

5 5

34 11 18 27

84 2

14

61 39

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATI9,[

9** 30 22 37

21.5 27

22 36

27

57 50

14

37 36

13 27 18 40 64

14 33 9

3 5 43 50 40 36 10 9

3

7 5 27 23 20 41 37 23 10 9

73 77 10

17 23

40 73 60 27

23 30

29

43

4

52

39

52

9

13 35 39 4 9

17 13 22 39 9

91

9

30 70

35 40

111 44

23.5 28

40

3 3

3

51

14 14 60

11

3 40 23 14 20

6 29 14 26 26

80 9 6 6

46 54

59

2 2

3

35

20 5

48

3 27

11 46 22 13 9

4 14 22 22 24 15

79 5 1

15

41 59

Ethchlorvynol, a non-barbiturat,e sedative, works as a depressant on the central nervous system, with effects similar to those of the short-acting secobarbital. As with the barbiturates, excessive use of ethchlorvynol can result in both physical and psychological dependence. AlcOhol and other central nervous system depressants have the abil ity to potentiate ethchlorvynol effects, increasing the risk of coma or death.

71

:1

..

TABLE 3.035 - OVER-THE-COUNTER SLEEP AIDS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics bY'SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2,260 65 57 66

Rank in TDS/SMSA 18

Source (%) Legal RX 3 Forged RX Stolen 1 Street buy 2 Over- the-counter 85 Gift + Other Unk./No resp. 10

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 11 Dependence 1 Suic.att./gest. 72 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 28 20-29 46 30-39 16 40-49 6 50 &. Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 15 18-20 19 D-H V 26-30 16 31-44 16 45 &. Over 6 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whi~ ~ Black 13 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 15

SeX (%) Male 34 Female 66 Unk ./No resp. +

11

2

91

8

15 3

55

26

31 48

8 8 6

17 23 25 14 12 9

68 18

14

31 69

38 47

20

3

92

5

21 3

68

5 3

32 32 32

5

16 16 16 18 29 5

76 21

3

45 55

108 60

14

2

5 85

8

6 2

76

2 14

33 49 10

5 2 1

14 ?4 31 16 9 5 1

81 12 3 5

44 56

43 58

19

5

2

91

2

70

23

35 44

9

12

19 26 26 9 9

12

79 5 2

14

40 60

91 48

19

5

76

19

10

58

2 31

35 41 13

5 5

27 13 23 13 16 7

63 16

5 15

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

83 47

9

2

1 1

78

17

11

59

2 29

24 48 13 11 4

16 16 29 13 16 11

75 17

8

34 66

48 56

10

2 85

10

29

52

19

31 54 10 4

19 21 35 13 10 2

71 10 10 8

25 75

97 64

2

2 91

7

82

2 8

33 41 20 4 a

19 19 24 15 21 3

52 3 5

40

41 59

137 60

14

2

1 2

83 1

11

14 2

69 1 2

12

19 55 18 4 4

8 21 30 20 15 6

59 29 1

11

32 68

60 52 55 65

10.5

93

32

62

10

25 40 18 10 3 3

13 18 23 22 12 8 3

82 12

7

40 60

9

6 88

6

10 2

77

2 10

29 44 21 2 2 2

12 21 27 17 19 2 2

67 10 2

21

19 81

141 70

78 62

17.5 25

88 86 1

10 14

8 17 1

70 81

1 21

28 28 48 54 11 8 9 5 5 5

12 14 21 21 32 33 14 17 15 9 6 6

61 50 8 29 7 3

24 18

26 29 74 71

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions

5**

Rank in TDS

36.5

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

N

N %

3 60 2 40

Race

WhitE\ Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not ~omputed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 72

N

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Drug-Induced Deaths

N

Sex

Male Female

%

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

N %

104 52

7

3 95

7 1

86

1 6

33 47 7 3 8 3

17 20 24 20 6

10 3

76

1 23

39 60

\,

Ii ~.

~ . ,'.

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2,260 23 57 78

Rank in TDS/SMSA 18

Source (%) Legal RX 3 Forged RX Stolen 1 Street buy 2 Over- the-counter 85 Gift + Other Unk./No resp. 10

Moti vation (%) Psych i c effects 11 Dependence 1 SUic.att./gest. 72 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 28 20-29 46 30-39 16 40-49 6 50 & Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 15 18-20 19 21-25 27 H-m ~ 31-44 16 45 & Over 6 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~i~ ~ Black 13 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 15

Sex (%) Male 34 Female 66 Unk./No resp. +

31

91 4

4

26

70

4

22 35 26

9 4 4

13 13 22 17 22 9 4

57 30

13

22 74 4

132 61

26

2

, 70

1

19

2 2

81

14

1 28 42 14

5 8 2

1 20 12 28 16 14 8 2

70 13 9 8

36 64

27 65

8

3 3

97

8

78

14

30 51 14

5

8 24 30 22 11 5

78 22

30 70

TABLE 3.035 - Continued

19** 109 93 32 61 46

16 25

2

6 78

14

17

52

4 28

39 44 12 4 2

21 24 21 17 15

3

65 29 1 5

43 57

8

4

4 88

3

11 2

77

10

24 45 19 8 4

9 27 22 15 20 8

82 5 6 6

28 72

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numUers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) ment ions

29 59

18

90

10

83

10

24 52 17

7

14 21 24 21 14 7

66 10 3

21

38 62

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

23 52

61 52

9.5 15

4

96

13 4

78

4

30 48 17 4

17 17 35 17 13

61 9

22 9

39 61

3

90

7

21 2

64

5 11

21 54 18 2 5

16 10 38 16 15 5

59 7 3

31

33 67

33 94 55 8

21.5

94

6

97

3

12 58 24 3

3

15 33 30 15 3 3

48 12 9

30

36 64

88 1

10

4

85

2 9

16 57 13 10 2 2

7 16 33 18 16 7 2

61 7

13 19

43 57

98 364 62 55

11

1 83

15

8

81

11

28 41 21

6 4

17 16 24 15 20 6

53 24

3 19

40 60

10

6

1 2

83 + 8

10 2

73

2 14

27 41 21 8 3 +

16 17 26 12 24

5 +

77 8 2

13

28 72 +

ove~ithe-counter (0. T.C.) sleep aids are non-prescription products used as an aid in the reI ief of insomnia and

~~! i ~~i~~!~' i n T~~~~ ~~~~~~~~i ~~~:a~~n~~n~~!t~~i ~~! ~~{ i~f h~~e i ~~~~~~~n~h~~d~~~ ~e m~;f~~t!. co~~~16~~~ ~~' f~~~~~.

73

,'"c::-\ I,

I

r r I:

~ ,

..

TABLE 3.04 - ALCOHOL-IN-COMBINATION

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 197~

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

25,032 566 533 1,349 774 1,422 572 336 726 1,747 496 358 1,535 1,613

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwf1l. Other Unk./No resp.

,~ge (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -.-

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk ./No resp.

Race' (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

1 3

B3 2 +

12

26 20 37 + 2

17

+ 17 40 23 12 8 1

+ 10 12 21 IB 26 13 1

65 19 4

11

52 4B +

1 3

80 2 +

15

26 25 31 + 4

IB

13 33 21 16 16 2

B 10 IB 13 27 22

2

65 27 + B

52 4B

+ 2

B5 1 +

12

42 12 33 + 2

14

19 43 20 10 8 1

10 14 23 19 22 12 1

68 29 1 2

57 42 +

+ 2

84 1 +

13

19 23 42

" 4

14

+ 15 43 22 11 7 1

+ 8

10 23 20 25 12 1

76 17 1 5

54 46

1 1

89 1

9

30 15 42

1 2

15

18 43 20 12 7 1

11 10 25 16 25 12 1

72 19 1 8

54 46 +

+ 3

80 1

15

36 20 29 + 2

28

18 42 21 12 7 1

10 13 23 18 24 12

1

58 27 5 9

54 46 +

+ 8

68 1

23

23 5

38 1 3

32

27 37 16 10 9 2

17 14 22 12 21 12 2

67 18 +

15

46 54 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

2

3 4

87 1

6

38 1

46

2 13

+ 22 38 26 9 4 1

+ 12 13 22

H 7 1

79 13 5 3

41 59

1 2

85 2 +

11

27 4

57 1 3

11

16 37 27 12 8 1

9 11 18 20 29 13 1

35 3 7

55

46 54 +

1 2

85 2 +

10

18 26 40 1 1

15

15 43 24 12 5 1

7 12 22 22 27 10 1

54 35 +

11

49 51 +

1 1

BO 1

17

35 4

40 + 2

22

23 39 20 12 7 +

17 10 22 15 24 12 +

83 8 + 8

44 56 +

1 1

81 2 +

15

21 4

46

3 27

23 37 18 15 7 1

14 12 21 15 22 15 1

69 11 +

20

44 55 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demogranhics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Conconiiiance N Cause/Manner of Death

2

+ 3

79 1

17

21 4

37 + 2

36

14 36 24 15 10 1

7 11 19 16 29 16 1

63 16 4

17

48 52 +

1 1

86 5

8

71 11 16

+ 2

17 44 22 10

6 +

8 15 22 19 24 11 +

57 28 5

11

57 43

993

Rank in TDS

Alone Drug- I nduc~d Drug-Rel ated

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

36 371 244

+Less than 0.5%

In Comb.

N

40-49 4 50 & Over

37 Unk./No resp.

160 181

1 25

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

993 100

16 18 +

Deaths Deaths

N

Suicide 277 Acc i d ./Unexp. 292 Unk./No resp. 234

Race N

White 709 Black 210 Other 56 Unk./No resp. 18

74

-

71 21 6 2

Sex

Male Female

28 29 24

N

33 112

45

N

644 349

%

3 11

5

%

65 35

624

+ 4

89 + + 6

28 8

54

2 11

19 43 20 10 8 1

10 14 24 17 23 11 1

72 1 2

26

46 54 +

,

" ... ",.""" . .,.,.",;;;,.. .. " M liiiiiiiiii"'"

'\ ., f

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

25,032

Stolen 1 Street buy 3 Over-the-counter 83 Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 12

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 26 Dependence 20 Suic. att./gest. 37 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 17 20-29 40 30-39 23 40-49 12 50 & Over 8 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 10 lli-20 ~ 21-25 21 H-30 W 31-44 26 45 & Over 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 65 Black 19 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male " Female 48 Unk ./No resp. +

144 4,737

1 5

81 2

11

19 10 47 1 1

22

20 44 19 9 B

11 15 16 24 21 12

70 19

10

48 52

1 3

B8 2

6

17 56 18 + + 9

+ 15 39 27 11 8 1

+ 9

10 19 20 29 12 1

62 26 7 5

62 37 +

114

2

1 4

85

10

24 2

57

2 18

15 38 28 11 8

5 15 20 16 30 14

80 19

35 65

TABLE 3.04 - Conti nued

165 1,003

5 70 1

24

21 4

48 1 2

24

26 43 18 10 2 1

15 16 25 18 19 8 1

76 5 1

18

35 65

2

+ 4

10 2 +

23

29 8

34 1 2

30

20 41 19 11 8 1

12 12 23 17 21 14 1

72 20 1 6

51 49 +

688

1 4

87 4

II

30 11 47 + 4

10

17 37 25 11 9 +

9 13 20 16 27 14 +

79 5

10 7

42 58 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

256

2

+ 4

77 2 +

16

22 12 41 + 1

26

22 41 18 11 6 1

14 11 23 17 20 13 1

65 14 1

20

54 46

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

167 695 400

1.5 2

2 1 532

73 86 90 1 1

20 10 7

10 23 24 1 10 14

56 48 63 1 1 1 2 3 2

31 17' 6

1 22 14 5 39 41 44 17 24 34 13 11 10 7 9 7 2 1 1

1 14 7 2 13 10 5 23 22 19 13 19 29 22 27 33

'13 14 11 2 1 1

53 69 68 8 10 'L2

35 4 8 4 17 13

47 46 61 51 54 39

2 +

882

+ 3

88 +

8

24 9

56 + 3

11

15 40 21 14 9 1

9 10 19 21 26 15 1

75 9 5

11

44 56 +

717 2,413

2 1 2 4

77 75 3 1

+ 15 19

18 21 22 5 47 54 + + 2 2

13 20

17 20 39 38 25 21 11 13 7 8 1 +

10 11 9 14

22 21 17 15 27 25 13 13 1 +

54 78 35 7 1 2

11 14

48 45 52 54

+

DAWN only collllcts da.ta. on alcohol that is taken concomitantly with another substance; not alcohol used alone. Alcohol is a depressant of the central nervoUs system and is slowly metabolized. Since alcohol has the ability to potentiate many drugs, it may be mentioned in many drug abuse episodes reported to [).,~WN where the ingested amounts of either the alcohol or the accompanying drug(s) would not result in a medical emergency if taken alone.

75

Q

I

I I

..

TABLE 3.05 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Emorgency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-Oecember 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TOS/SMSA

Source (%)

13,525 50

4

Legal RX 23 Forged RX + Stolen 1 Street buy 47 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 28

Mot.ivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Oependence 60 Suic.att./gest. 14 Unknow. /Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 12

Age (%) OAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 7 20-29 55 30-39 27 40-49 7 50 & Over 3 Unk. /No resp. 1

Age (%) COOAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 3 18-20 6 21-25 27 26-30 30 31-44 26 45 8. Over 6 Unk. /No resp. 1

Race (%) WhiU g Black 37 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 61 Female 38 Unk ./No resp. +

171 354 748 121 744 200 41 46 41 40 54 36

5 2

39 25 +

5 1 19 52

2 1

35 21

16 26 43 54 28 16

5 1 14 10

13 6 51 57 20 27 12 6 4 2

1

6 4 8 6

37 26 16 33 22 26 9 4

1

65 46 25 51 1 9 3

51 63 49 37

2

23 1 1

47

1 +

27

10 59 16

5 11

+ 7

59 24 4 4 1

+ 3 7

31 30 22 5 1

59 33 3 4

63 37 +

8

33

1 26

2

36

21 49 25

2 9

12 50 16 17 4

5 11 21 29 17 16

65 28

7

56 44

3

11 + +

51

1 +

36

36 63 6 + 1

17

6 57 29 6 2 1

2 6

32 26 28 4 1

26 54 10 9

59 41

32 1 4

21

2

43

17 30 36 1 4

19

13 56 17 7 7 t

8 10 34 19 19 10 1

53 32 2

13

49 51 1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for sOUrce and motivation.

*See Introduction

75 44

6

37

4 7

3

49

28 23 28

12 11

19 56 15 4 7

9 20 29 20 11 11

85 12 1

39 61

192 1,450 41 77

4

38

4 22

39

24 27 39

4 13

10 52 23 6 8 1

6 9

28 23 23 10 1

42 3

16 40

57 43

2

+ 66

1 +

24

4 86 6 + + 4

3 60 27 7 2 +

1 4

~7 36 26 5 +

20 75 + 5

G8 42 +

65 43

8

26

5 18

5 2

45

25 38 20

9 15

12 62 14 8 5

8 11 42 22 11 8

75 14

11

65 35

60 595 666 42 46 43

9

40

5 13

3 3

42

10 30 40

3 17

18 47 25 2 8

7 18 15 33 17 10

70 13

17

43 57

7

21

+ 15

63

10 30 25

1 34

8 47 26 13 5 1

4 7

23 26 31 10 1

60 22 5

13

54 46

3

52 + 1

10

6

32 53 12

1 2

5 53 32 5 5

2 6

25 30 31 7

60 31 2 8

59 41

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

1.445

Rank iQ TDS

Age

6-9

N

10-19 45

%

40-49 3 50 & Over

Concomitance N %

Alone In Comb.

239 1,206

N

151 10 97 7

17 83

20-29 725 50 Unk./No resp. 1 + 30-39 426 29

fLess than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Race N

Suicide Acci d ./Unexp. IJnk./No resp.

White 872 60 Black 436 30 Other 120 8 Unk./No resp. 17 1

76

Drug-Induced Deaths

N %

132 9 535 37 561 39

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Rel ated Deaths

N %

15 1 96 7

106 7

N %

1,010 70 435 30

,.MI5.; lt .ok •• ". , -

81 25

10

38 1 7

26

2

25

25 31 35

2 10

9 51 26 6 7 1

6 5

27 25 25 11 1

63 1

36

60 40

ty Z LI'. ...

\ : ! ,

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

13.525 377 4.184 50 42 50

Rank in TDS/SMSA 4

Source (%) Legal RX 23 Forged RX + Stolen 1 Street buy 47 Over-the-counter Gift Other + Unk./No resp. ?8

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 60 SUic.att./gest. 14 Unknow./Unwi 11. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 12

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 7 20-29 55 30-39 27 40-49 7 50 & Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 3 18-20 6 21-25 27 0-30 m 31-44 26 45 & Over 6 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 49 Black 37 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 61 Female 38 Unk./No resp. +

3

25 2 +

58

2 5 9

46 41 10

1 3

1 7

55 31 6 1

1 2 6

32 27 29 3

55 44

68 31 1

2

21 + +

56

22

9 73 6 + +

12

'+ 4

56 30 6 2 2

+ 1 4

27 34 28 4 2

45 36 9

10

69 31 +

41 37

6

61

2 5

7

24

15 10 41

10 27

24 44 22 2 7

12 22 20 24 15 7

80 20

46 54

TA8LE 3.05 - Continued

53 529 36 38

6.5

25

6

6

64

15 11 36

2 36

13 51 2ft U 4

11 9

17 28 28 6

85 2

13

53 47

26 + 2

21

3 +

48

30 38 20

3 21

10 53 24 7 5 1

5 9

29 27 21 9 1

63 31 3 3

61 39

343 36

4

38 1 3

46

3

15

15 60 22

1 6

11 49 24 8 8

5 9

27 22 27 11

78 5

11 6

55 45

NOTE; Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

o· u

74 43

39 393 578 202 615 575 28 48 65 28 61 41

5 6

35 44 1

30 23

4 3

30 31

15 10 54 23 19 38

3 5 3 ~ 23

11 8 61 54 20 28 7 5 1 3

3

5 5 7 5

28 33 31 21 24 ~1 4 3

3

57 59 34 10

28 9 3

66· 51 34 49

4

22

1 46

2 1

29

21 50 20

3 12

6 59 23 6 4 1

2 8

28 32 23 7 1

63 18 8

10

61 39 +

2

9

+ 73

1 +

17

11 77 12

2 4

4 51 31 8 4 1

1 7

23 32 29 8 1

52 26 4

18

59 41

6

33

'I 20

2

44

21 24 40

5 12

13 45 25 9 7 1

? 9

16 2~ 25 13 1

71 12 3

14

39 61

3 6

10 42 1 2

bd 15

2 1 1 +

28 38

13 18 70 29 12 41 + + 1 3 5 13

10 16 53 50 28 21 7 8 2 5 1 1

4 8 8 11

28 30 27 19 28 23 4 8 1 1

31 75 64 13 1 1 4 12

66 50 34 50 + +

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Narcotic analgesics are drugs whose primary use is the relief of pain (analgesia). All narcotics are addictive, producing physical and sometimes psychological dependence. The narcotic analgesic class includes all narcotic substances reported to DAWN except codeine combinations which is a separate therapeutic class.

77

i!

~

I I

I i'-

~

TABLE 3.051 - HEROIN/MORPHINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SM5A in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons Alone (%)

. 822 64

44 68

190 56

368 56

36 36

577 60

47 51

l4** 48 1,147 18** 8** 255 173 39 11 56 85 56 25 66

Rank in TDS/SMSA 3

Source (%) Legal RX + Forged RX + Stolen . + Street buy 77 Over-the-counter Gift Ottler + Unk./No resp. 22

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 15 Dependence 77 SUic.att,/gest:·· 4 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No rllsp. 8

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 4 20-29 59 30-39 l8 40-49 6 50 & Over 2 Unk./No rasp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 1 18-20 5 21-25 29 26-30 33 31-44 26 45 «. Over 4 Unk. /No resp. 1

R~ce (%) Whi~ M Black 52 Other 6 Unk./No resp. 7

Sex (%) Male 67 Female 32 Unk./No resp. +

17.5

61

2 2

34

20 64

5

5 11

9 75 9 5 2

5 11 52 18 9 5

43 43 2

11

6B 32

3

85

13

28 72 3

7

4 65 24

5 1 2

2 5

31 37 22

2 2

27 73

68 32

3

+ +

88

11

10 79 4

3 5

+ 5

64 26 2 1 1

+ 1 9

33 31 22

2 1

42 51

5 2

70 30 1

22

75

25

28 69 6

6

8 69 17 6

8 33 36 19

3

42 47

11

69 31

3

+ +

63

36

41 65 4

1 16

5 59 30 ~ .. +

1 5

32 30 27

3 +

20 62 11 7

60 40

20

2 2 2

64

4

28

15 68 11

13

6 62 19 9 2 2

2 6

38 ~l 23 6 2

40 55 2 2

64 34 2

27.5 18

4

75

23

35 52 8

6 10

8 73 10 6 2

4 10 44 25 13 4

29 8

25 38

77 23

3

77

+ +

22

3 94 2 + + 2

2 60 29 7 2 +

+ 3

27 37 27

5 +

14 83 + 3

58 41 +

25 33.5

NOTE: Mu1t.iple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

E'19

Rank in lOS

2

Concomi hllce N "

Alone 136 22 In Comb. 483 78

Age N _...::,, ____ ., .. __ ~N'--....::."

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

20 336 187

40-49 53 9 3 50 «. Over 23 4

54 Unk./No resp. 30

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug- Induced Deaths

N " Suicide 30 5 Accid./Unexp. 280 45 Unk./No resp. 225 36

Race . ___ .....!!.N_....::."

White 339 55 Bl ack 2~0 37 Other 40 6 Unk. /No res!). 10 2

Sex

Male Female

**P?rcentages for demJsraphi cs not computed due to sma 11 numbers.

+~ess th~n 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 78

7

+

32

2

65

10 50 9

32

7 54 24 11 2 2

3 5

26 . 29 28

6 2

55 28 7 9

67 33

10

95

3

27 71 2

5 64 26

3 2

2 6

31 32 25 4

39 52 2 8

67 33

Drug··Re 1 ated Deaths

N %

5 1 42 7 37 6

N %

'475 144

77 23

15** 47

29

r , 1

----~- .--~~-~=~~-""""-.-;;< +..."."I!I\IIiiOW~,",~WW~ " ('

'(.' I I

I

. t

---------~ -~~-~--~~ --

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Furged RX Stolen Street buy Over- the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Suic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No pesp.

6,822 64

3

+ + +

77

1 +

22

15 71 4 + 1 8

+ 4

59 28

6 2 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

+ 1 5

29 33 26 4 1

34 52 6 7

67 32 +

168 2,201 45 60

3

96

45 52 1

2

4 58 35 4

1 2

33 34 28

.2

36 63

79 20 1

3

+ + +

81

+

18

8 80 2

+ 10

3 57 30 6 1 2

1 4

27 34 27 4 2

37 44 9

10

73 27 +

TABLE 3.051 - Continued

4** 4** 149 50 25 53

27.5 35 19

62

3

34

37 54

6

3 16

1 58 28 10 2 1

5 30 31 25 9 1

41 53 4 2

70 30

99 53

6

93

2

6

10 90 4

9 62 23

6

1 10 36 26 25 1

79 6

11 4

69 31

NOTE: Multiple mentions ~re possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demugraphics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

27 52

19

7()

30

11 85 4

7

4 67 26 4

7 37 26 26 4

41 52

81 19

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

10** 227 426 40 63 78

19.5 3

+

68

2 +

29

26 65 7

1 10

4 68 23

3 1 1

1 6

33 36 22 1 1

57 21 13 9

69 30 +

91

9

7 90

5

1 2

3 55 31 7 3 1

+ 5

27 32 29 6 1

50 28 4

18

58 42

52 40

1~.5

2

63

4

31

35 40 12

2 17

4 62 27 4 2 2

2 2

25 42 25 2 2

58 25 6

12

67 33

379 75

3

+

78

19

13 81 2

6 58 28

7 1 2

2 5

30 30 29 2 2

16 82 + 2

71 29 +

136 54

22.5

1 1 1

4!J

45

22 63 13

1 11

8 56 28

6 1 1

2 10 2') 27 28 4 1

60 26

1 13

68 32

Morphine, a natural alkaloid found in opium, is a powerful narcotic analgesic: Although heroin may be the ing~sted drug, it is metabolized into morphine. To prevent confusion, therefore, part1cularly with r~spec~ to attribut10n of cause of death, "heroin/morphine" is treated as a single dl'ug, and the number of its ment10ns 1S the sum of the number of heroin and morphine mentions actually reported.

79

).

· '

TABLE 3.052 - METHADONE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

2.415 40

17

Legal RX 50 Forged RX + S~l~ 1 street buy 25 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 24

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 17 Dependence 66 Suic.att./gest. 6 Unknow./Unwi11. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 3 20-29 58 30-39 30 40-49 6 50 g. Over 2 Unk./No resp. 2

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- • +

10-17 1 18-20 4 21-25 29 26-30 33 31-44 28 45 & Over 4 Unk./No resp. 2

Race (%) White 56 Black 26 Other 8 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 66 Female 34 Unk./No resp. +

13** 55 38 35

86 36

31 16 16

64 78

2 22

5

11 19

27 10 58 76 13 6

2 5 7 5

2 55 ,65 40 26 4 3 2 3

1 4 1

33 27 20 43 42 23 2 5

53 70 47 27

1 2

75 73 25 27

9** 100 56 29

34.5 18

61

1 8

31

37 75 4 1

12

3 56 28 11 1 1

1 4

33 22 36

3 1

43 29 8

20

58 42

14** 3** 17** 61 43 100 53 48

6** 4** 36 50 50 50

34 40.5 31 25.5 35 38 32

54

21

26

5 80 8

2 8

3 66 25

3 3

7 21 48 20

5

41 51

8

67 31 2

56

44

8 36 14

42

6 50 25 11 6 3

3 6

28 22 2~ 11 3

75 11 3

11

58 42

NOTE: Multiple mention~ are possible for source and motivatt~n.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N % Cause/Manner of Death

156 44

12

95

2

3

26 67 8

1 57 38 3 1

1 23 41 33 2

62 32

3 4

58 42

363

Rank in TDS

Alone 55 15 308 85

Drug-Induced Drug-Related In Comb. De~ths Deaths

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

5

N

9 219 101

40-49 2 50 g. Over

/iQ Unk./No I"esp. 28

N

23 11

6 3

N

Suicide 17 Accid./Unexp. 101 Unk./No resp. 178

Race N

White 233 B1 ack 82 Other 44 Unk./No resp. 4

" 64 23 12 1

Sex

Male Female

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 80

-

%

5 28 49

N

3 16 48

N

265 98

" 1 4

13

%

73 27

3** 33

40.5

I

II

I i

Ii , I

I ! !

r.l

I , j ,\

I

I I

.J I

I

I J

~

I "', I'i u 'I

'I !

-------- -------------

rABLE 3.052 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone C%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

SoUrce (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over- the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk. INa resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 g. Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No i'esp.

2.415 40

17

50 + 1

25

1 1

24

17 66

6 + 1

14

+ 3

58 30 G 2 2

+ 1 4

29 33 28 4 2

56 26 8

10

66 34 +

68 1,490 65 38

9 4

63 41 1 +

+ 3 34

4 + 25 4 25

69 11 32 68

5

+ 17

+ 2

49 57 35 30 15 7

1 1 3

+ 1

4 4 25 28 24 34 43 28 4 3

71 29

69 31

3

53 26 10 1l

67 33 +

1**

38

5** 60

33.5

117 37

23

43

2 10

3 1

42

33 51 10

3 21

11 62 24

o 2

4 9

35 36 13 3

66 26 4 3

69 31

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

33 39

29

79

33

3

9

9 82 9

64 24 6 6

36 30 21 12

67 12 18 3

64 36

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

3** 100

37.5

3** 33

33

24 38

30

42

29

4 25

17 67 4

4 13

4 71 21

4

4 13 33 29 17

4

31 23

24

55

10

3 32

23 61 26

3 3

10 35 39 6

10

13 26 19 29 13

92 58 13

4 4 29

58 55 42 45

10** 20

34.5

25 56

30

60

4 8

16 20

8 88

4 4

4 56 32

8

4

24 32 32 8

56 36 4 4

68 32

42 60

37

52

14

2 2

29

14 55 12

10 17

10 74 17

7 2

60 17 14

71 14

14

64 36

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Methadone, a synthetic opiate was developed durin II ld W II r potent than morphine and some~hat shorter acting. gBe~~use ~~ • 'lit~adonel\ analgesic pro~ert;es are slightly more prevent the withdral.a 1 symptoms associ ated with heroin add; ct/ross /. erathnce fetween the OP1 a tes. methadone can and morphine dependence. on. an 1S ere ore used in the treatment of heroin

81

l

TABLE 3.053 - CODEINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

. Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1.197 11** 24 27

30 34

Legal RX 42 Forged RX . t Stolen 2 Street buy 7 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other t Unk./No resp. 46

Moti vati on (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 45 Unknow./Unwill. t Other 3 Unk./No resp. 18

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 16 20-29 45 30-39 22 40-49 10 50 &0 Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- t

10-17 9 18-20 12 21-25 H 26-30 22 31-44 24 45 &0 Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 64 Black 21 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp.

34 29

85 14

23.5 17

50 46 1 2 6

1 1

50 45

24 13 15 20 50 51

3 8 12 13

15 20 41 48 32 22 6 6 6 4

15 13 9 8

15 29 24 21 29 22 9 6

71 72 26 15

1 3 12

35 36 65 64

3R 13

21

29 28

30

37 24

3 3 10

5 10 3

53 52

16 21 5 21

63 38

5 13 28

21 24 55 48 11 14 3 10

I, 3

13 10 16 34 26 17 21 10 13 17 11 7

3

68 48 29 34

7 3 10

32 55 68 45

51 27

18

37

8 4

2

53

12 4

61

2 24

22 53 8

10 8

18 12 29 16 14 12

55 20 2

24

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions al'e possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

17** 29

23.5

19** 21

29

57 21

27

47

5

47

21 39 32

12

7 42 23 18 9 2

5 4

14 30 30 16 2

51 32 2

16

35 65

7** 8** 216 29 25 24

33 33.5 9

35

+ 1

+

63

13 13 38

1 36

13 41 25 15 6

6 10 18 23 33 11

59 22 2

17

41 59

21 33

35

90

5

24 19 43

14

38 33 5

24

14 29 33 24

62 24

14

33 67

Medical Examiller Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

250

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

8

N

7 78 71

3 31 28

toncomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 5(; &0 Over Unk./No resp.

N

51 42 1

N

23 9 227 91

20 17 +

Race

White Bl~ck Other Unk./No resp.

;"~~'~"!:entages for demograpnics not computed due to small numbers.

tLess than 0.5%

.. Penotes zero (0) mentions 82

-

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk ./No resp.

Drug-Induced Deaths

II %

~9 117 41

24 47 IE

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

4 28 1

2 11 +

N % Sex:..-____ --""N_---<:.%

186 74 55 22 9 ot

Male Female

120 130

48 52

10** 10

31.5 No. of Mentions

Alone (%) 1.197 33

24 39 112 31

7** 29

TABLE 3.053 - Continued

3** 64 44 67 17 20

11** 36

Rank in TDS/SMSA ~o 26 27 23.5 36.5 32 ~3.5 26.5

Source (%) Legal RX 42 Forged RX t Shl~ 2 Street buy 7 Over- the-counte\' G1ft 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 48

Moti vation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 18 SUic.att./gest. 45 Unknow. /Unwill. t Other 3 Unk./No resp. 18

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- t

10-19 16 20-29 45 30-39 22 40-49 10 50 &0 Over 'l Unk. /No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- t

10-17 9 18-20 12 H-H 22 26-30 22 31-44 24 45 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 64 Black 21 Other 2 IInk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 40 Female 60 Unk./No resp.

55 6

15

6

18

61 (i

24

9

3 15 39 27 9 6

3 g 6

33 12 27 9

52 48

48 52

34

2 14

49

13 48 23

6 7 2

8 9

22 26 23 10 2

72 18 2 8

43 57

17

3

73

n 19 36

3 23

~3 55 17 2 2 2

14 14 30 22 17 2 2

64 28

3 5

39 61

50

2 23

25

25 36 34

9

14 43 27 9 7

5 14 32

9 27 14

77 2

14 7

41 59

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

1** 100

38

73 16

65 41 26 114 20 15 19 29

12 9.5 21.5 29

60 34 44 42

4 5 25 12

3 2

27 42 54 46

10 25 22 8 15 35 7 23 53 37 54 50

7 5 7 15 6 10 19

11 6 20 27 44 37 41 38 25 28 17 35 12 15 17 8 12 5

2

5 2 10 15 10 8 22 23 22 11 12 19 25 29 17 23 23 35 22 19 15 14 17

2

64 51 68 42 19 29 7 27 3 3 5

14 17 20 31

38 57 15 46 62 43 85 54

26

53

1 4

43

18 15 54 1 3

12

23 46 19 6 6

11 17 26 18 21 8

75 11

14

39 61

Codeine is an ~l kaloid of opium. It has approximately one-eighth the analgesic effect of morphine and therefore is used for minor pain or for its antitussive action. Physical dependence on codeine is uncommon; when it does occur. the \~ithdrawal symptoms are of a much less serious nature than those connected with morphine. heroin. or the barbiturates. Tolerance effects dev,elop with prolonged codeine use and cross tolerance with the other opiates has been noted.

83

..

TABLE 3.054 - MEPERIDINE Hel

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - JanuarY-December 1979

-----------------------.~,~-,---------------------------------------No. of Ment ions 729

Alone (%) 40

Rank in TDS/SMSA 33

Source (%) Legal RX 52 Forged RX 1 Stolen 2 Street buy 12 Over- the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 40 SUic.att./gest. 30 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 4 Unk./No resp. 12

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 lO 20-29 40 30-39 31 40-49 8 bO & Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

lO-17 6 18-20 " 21-25 20 H-W n 31-44 29 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

65 25 1 9

54 45 +

37 27

22

41

5 3

3

49

19 46 30

8 5

5 46 27 14 8

6

32 i6 32 14

65 27

8

59 41

17** 40 7** utI' 31 53 30 43 70 29

H U.S ~ ~.5 ~

48 48

3 6

3

48 45

15 6 28 23 35 42

6 10 18 23

3 16 :3 62 15 13 8 10

23 10

3 10 8 13

25 23 23 23 20 19 23 13

93 5

3

50 50

58 13

26

42 58

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

8** 20 13 45

34.5 28

45

55

15 30 46

15

15 35 35

5 10

5 10 20 15 35 15

40

60

55 45

34 6** 18** 16** 57 16** 26 33 39 38 51 19

~ 33 35 25 36 29.5 27.5

47. 67

6 9 23

2 3

35 9

9 49 24 33 47 14

24 4

12 5 47 42 21 39 6 2

16 12

3 2 15 4 24 23 18 21 24 39 18 12

62 29

9

47 53

63 30 2 5

60 40

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December. 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N % Cause/Manner of Death

27

Rank in TDS

28

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

1 9 9

Alone 4 15 In Comb. 23 85

%

40-49 4 50 & Over

33 Unk./No resp. 33

N

3 5

%

11 19

Suici de Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Race N

White 19 Black 3 Other 4 Unk. /No resp. 1

%

70 il 16 4

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 84

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

__ ~N~ __ ~~ _____ ~N __ ~%~

4 11 8

Sex

Male Female

16 41 30

3 1

N

21 6

11 4

ia 22

I',

. I

1\

No. of Mentions 729 Alone (%) 40

Rank in TDS/SMSA 33

Source (%) Legal RX 52 Forged RX 1 Hol~ 2 Street buy 12 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 40 SUic.att./gest. 30 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 4 Unk./No resp. 12

Age (%) DAWN ~rouping 6-9-

10-19 10 20-29 40 30-39 31 40-49 8 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 6 18-20 7 21-25 20 26-30 23 31-44 29 45 & Over 14 Unk ./No resp. +

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./(io resp.

65 25

1 9

54 45 +

26 15

30

31 4

60

16

38 35 27

15 60 27 8

19 27 23 23 8

77 23

46 54

144 67

24

74 1 1

10

2

13

4 81 10 1 2 2

8 26 53

6 7

5 5

16 28 39 8

33 65

1 1

72 28

TABLE 3.054 - Continued

9** 15** 26 33 27 35

21. 6 22 39

42 4

8

46

19 23 31

8 31

12 36 19 12 19 4

8 4

16 19 19 31 4

65 31

4

81 19

38 10** 6** 10" 12** 11** 29 w W U W U ~ U

26.6 29 .26.5 35 30 32 28

53 31 3 3

H 3

5

11 66

W 7 42 34 26 48

3 5 3 8 7

11 24 29 41 ~ 17 U 7 11 10

11 14 8 17 8 14

U U 42 21 U lO

84

13 3

63 47

69 24

7

48 52

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

70 41

33

60

6 6

37

20 16 47

3 19

10 47 20 10 10 3

6 4

34 16 20 17

3

81 7 1

10

43 56 1

Meperidine is synthetiC narcotic used as a potent analgesic. Its duration of action is short~r than that of morphine. Like other narcotic analgesics, meperidine has a very high potential for physiological and psychological dependence. Tolerance to meperidine's analgesic effects develops rather slowly, but a user may show l'apfd tolerance of "Its sedative action. Alcohol and other central nervous Syst6m depressants may potentiate the effects of meperidine.

85

..

TABLE 3.055 - HVDROMORPHONE

Emergency Rotlml!entions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TOS/SI1SA

Source (%)

485 41

36

Legal RX 23 Forged RX 1 Stolen 2 Street buy 37 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 36

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 24 Dependence 59 SUic.att./gest. 11 Unknow. /Unwi 11. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 9

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 8 20-29 56 30-39 26 40-49 8 bO g. Over 1 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%1 CODAP Groupin9 6.9 --

10-17 3 18-20 10 D-e ~ 26-30 31 31-44 21 45 & Over 6 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White BO Black 10 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 69 Female 31 Unk./No rasp.

14** 10** 28 43 40 32

29.5 35 33

18 4 7

21

50

7 50 11

7 25

11 50 36

4

4 14 25 25 29

4

93 7

68 32

23 74

27

65

13

22

9 78 4

9

4 22 13 61

4

4 26 4

III

96

4

83 17

2** 8** 50 25

42 37.5

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

6** 67

36.5

11** 18

32

12*" 50

'39

6** 5** 50 60

35 36.5

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

g** 84 44 54

39.5 23

21

2 68

2

6

38 61 1

7 54 30 6 4

4 8

20 36 26 6

71 20

8

71 29

20

Rank in TDS

30.5

Alone 6 30 Drug-In2~ced DrUg-Related

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

1 10 7

40-49 5 50 & Over

In Comb.

N

1 1

50 Unk./No resp. 35

5 5

14 70

Race N

White 12 Black 8 Other Unk./tlo resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 86

-

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk ./No resp.

60 40

Deaths Deaths

2 15

3

Sex

Male Female

10 75 15

N

N

13 7

%

65 35

5~'* 40

36

i

TABLE 3.055 - Continued

~ ... :tI 0' o

"',,~ It .... o ,-,0

~* $ bill ~+ ~~., .§' §? c'? ~ ~ , ~ '" ~ - ~ ,,'" ~ 'III ~ if lO <?'" i ~11 ~-: ",/ ~ <:) ~4," I t ;:;.0

----4m;---;;---;;---~~--;;,~~,----~--_:~----~-~----~~~---~~--~~~'" --_~_"' ____ __ N9. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Moti'lation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow. /Unwi11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping G-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & OVer Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

485 37 23 1** 6** 35 33 11** 41 19 26 5** 3"* 12** 9**

50· 40 36 45 20 67 25 11

36 23 37 38 32 37 29 26.5 27 41.5 30 36.5

23 1 2

37

1 +

36

24 59 11 + 2 9

8 56 26 8 1 +

3 10 28 31 21 6 +

BO 10 1 9

69 31

14

73

14

38 57 3

3

8 78 14

11 49 30 11

84 16

73 27

22 4

22

52

13 52 22

17

61 39

30 ~3 i!6

83 4

13

65 35

17

3 11

6

63

40 51 17

3 17

6 69 23 3

17 34 37 11

80 9 3 9

71 29

24

3 61

18

15 91 3

3

12 61 21 3 3

3 12 21 39 21

3

91

6 3

73 27

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

57 40

H

9

2 40

49

11 77 9

2 5

11 51 33 5

2 12 32 28 25 2

79 18

4

30 50

38

47 3 7

17

30

10 50 20

7 17

20 67 7 7

10 20 47 10 10 3

83 7

10

65 67 35 33

~~~~~~~P~~~i gi~i gy~h~~~~~~l~: ~ • b~t sh~~ -~{~;~~;i ~d~im~!i ~~w~~s ~rphine. is a more p~tent and shorter acting

87

..

TABLE 3.056 - OXVCODONE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

.,.,f; ~.§'

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

------------------------------------~--~--~~~~-40 9** 12** 32 121 24 1,226 29

44 36 120 4** 7** 44 18** 55

Rank in TDS/ SMSA 28

Source (%) Legal RX 56 Forged RX + S~l~ 2 Street buy 5 o ver- the- cl)unter Gift 2 Other .;. Unk./No resp. 34

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 23 Suic.att./gest. 45 Unknow./Unwill. Other 4 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 12 20-29 45 30-39 22 40-49 10 bO & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6,.9--

10-17 6 18-20 9 21-25 24 u-w 22 31-44 24 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) ~i~ 75 Black 12 Other J, Unk./No resp. 1~

Sex (%) Male 44 Female 56 Unk./No resp.

30 25 22,

17.521.5 13

68

25

11 18 43

2 30

18 36 20 18 7

9 11 32 7

27 14

86 2

11

43 57

64

3 8

25

28 17 39

17

14 50 22 11 3

6 8

17 39 19 11

78 14

8

56 44

34 2 2 5

4

53

8 35 29

7 22

8 55 19 10 5 3

5 5

28 28 23

9 3

75 17

8

52 48

75 43 32

39 38 21

45

5 7

2

41

18 18 36

5 25

14 48 25

2 11

5 11 34 16 20 14

59 34

2 5

41 S9

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

44 25

21. 5 16

60

2

2

38

13 7

67

4 13

9 53 20 4

13 2

7 7

24 25 20 15 2

44

7 49

38 62

3B 44 50 9 29 17

31.5 32 29 33 17 23

55

5 8

8

25

8 23 50

3 18

18 50 18 10 5

10 10 30 20 25

73 15 3

10

48 53

56

44

3 13 69

3 13

3 38 28 9

19 3

3 28 13 28 25 3

84

16

34 66

76

1 7

13

36 27 29

3 4

7 48 26 7

12

1 11 26 20 30 13

76 9 2

12

45 55

63 "

8

4

25

13 21 54

4 8

50 25 6

13 4

33 17 25 21 4

63 4

33

42 58

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN Syste~ - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

5**

Rank in TDS

36.5

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N %

1 20 4 80

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Drug- Induced Drug-Rel ated Deaths Deaths

,,"'_N"--_""% __ ,...:,:N_---'il"'-

Age N N ~R~ac~e~ ______ ~N __ ~% =S=ex"'-________ ~N~

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-penotes zero (0) mentions 88

Male Female

'I I

,I

i i I

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Ran~ in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1,225 29

28

Lega 1 RX 56 Forged RX + S~l~ 2 Street buy 5 Over- the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 34

Mocivation (%) Psychic effects 16 Dependence 23 SUic.att./gest. 45 Unknow./Unwi n. Other 4 Unk./No resp. 14

Aga (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 12 20-29 45 30-39 22 40-49 10 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 6 18-20 9 21-25 24 26-30 22 n-« " 45 & Over 14 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whl~ n Black 12 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 12

SeX (~l Male 44 Female 56 Unk./No resp.

33 33

26

42

3 30

24

18 30 39

3 9

18 42 33 6

3 15 27 18 33 3

79 P.l

48 52

141 40

26

64 1 4 8

3

21

10 54 30

2 4

6 52 17 12 13

5 8

20 30 20 18

71 23

6

48 52

TABLE 3.056 - Continued

10** 12** 114 40 17 29

19 24.5 24

46 1 1 1

51

19 17 40

4 24

15 39 20 12 13

8 11 23 17 25 17

80 16 1 4

46 54

64 28

14

63 2 5

17

3

19

16 25 47

2 11

13 39 19 9

20

9 5

19 22 23 22

77 8 3

13

38 63

9** 22

31

9**

21.5

31 29

26

61

3

6

29

16 29 39

3 16

3 35 19 19 23

10 13 19 23 35

77 6

16

45 55

10** 52 10 25

32 15.5

42

2

4

52

10 10 67

6 8

15 37 27 10 10 2

10 6

12 31 23 17 2

79 4 2

15

29 71

43 132 21 30

20 24

40 61

9 2 1

51 36

16 16 16 9 58 63

7 1 5 13

16 19 28 43 33 17 12 11 9 9 2

9 10 7 11

21 26 12 16 37 25 12 12 2

65 84 21 5 2

12 11

40 39 60 61

~~' ----------~-------------------------------------NOTE: Multiple mentions ~.~e possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not com;1ute<! iiue to sma11 numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY ~NFORMATION

Oxycodone Is a semisynthetic narcotic ~~algesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of morphine, although quantitatively it is slightly )ess potent. It can also produce physical and psychological dependence effects similar to morphine.

89

I

I I

I t f I .....

t t I

r

r

r

(' "

I j 0

TABLE 3.06 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA In Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

17,921 41

Rank In TDS/SMSA 2

Source (%) Legal RX 26 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 5 Over-the-counter 44 Gift 1 Other + Unk ./No resp. 22

Motivation (%) Psych i c effects 15 Dependence 7 Sulc.att./gest. 60 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9~ +

10-19 32 20-29 38 30-39 18 40-49 7 50 ,. Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 21 18-20 15 21-25 21 26-30 16 n-« ~ 45 & OVer 8 Unk./rlo resp, 1

Race (%) White 60 Black 24 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 30 Female 70 Unk.lllo resp. +

440 39

2

25

1 +

53 2

18

18 4

56

6 18

+ 35 39 15 6 3 1

+ 24 16 20 17 16 5 1

60 26 +

14

25 75

346 45

3

33

4 1

46 1 +

16

16 2

56

4 12

33 41 16 7 3

23 15 22 18 16 6

67 29 1 3

29 71

714 37

3

24 + 1 3

41 2 +

29

8 8

61

6 18

30 37 19 7 5 1

21 13 21 16 20 8 1

79 13 2 7

33 67

532 1,338 40 34

2

19

1 6

48 1

25

11 11 64

3 14

27 42 17 7 7 1

18 12 27 14 19 10 1

62 26 1

11

31 69 +

2

17 + +

20 33 1 +

29

25 21 38

4 25

29 43 17 6 4 1

21 13 23 18 18 6 1

40 47 4 8

37 63 +

534 45

?

24

4 3

46 1

23

16 3

56

5 21

+ 36 34 16 8 6 +

+ 25 15 20 12 19 8 +

56 33 1

11

26 74 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

383 43

2

23

3 1

45 +

28

28 1

56

2 13

+ 36 38 15 6 4 ),

+ 21 20 20 15 16 7 1

74 15 6 4

26 74

793 1,220 47 36

3

21 31 + + 1 3 1 2

58 39 1 2

+ 18 24

9 13 2 8

75 61 +

:3 3 12 17

+ 32 28 34 39 20 21 8 7 6 5 1 +

+ 21 17 15 14 18 20 16 19 20 22 9 8 1 +

44 52 3 37 7 +

45 11

32 26 68 74 + +

4l:4 372 42 37

2 2

20 26

2 2 1 1

45 46 1 1

+ 3D 24

27 8 4 3

51 66

6 4 15 21

+ 34 29 35 42 15 17 11 8 4 4 + 1

+ 24. 18 13 18 20 24 13 14 21 19 9 7 + 1

73 65 20 13 + 1 7 22

28 30 71 69 + 1

925 48

5

22

1 1

45 + +

32

10 2

62 + 3

23

27 38 18 8 8 +

17 15 21 15 21 11 +

60 15 6

19

24 76

493 48

6

35

2 1

48 1

14

25 7

61

1 6

3D 37 21

5 7

20 16 19 15 20 10

55 27 5

13

31 68 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1919

No. of Mentions

659

RaNk in TDS

4

Age N

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

1 39

222 134

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

+ 40-49 6 50 & Over

34 Unk./No resp.

113 149

1 20

17 23 +

N

141 518

21 79

Cause/Manner of Il:..:e;::.at:::h'--__ _

Suicide Accid./Un~xp. Unk./No resp.

~RQ~c~e~ ______ ~N~~

White 496'; 75 Black 12:i 19 Other ;'22 3 Unk./No re:;;p-; 13 2

Drug-Induced Deaths

N %

2fi8 41 lEI7 28 143 22

Drug-Related Deaths

12 2 36 5 13 2

Sex, __________ N~_~%

\Male " Female

299 360

45 55

521 43

2

24

1 2

64 +

10

10 2

78

3 8

38 31 20 6 4 1

25 18 17 13 20 7 1

74 2 2

22

29 71

----------------------------tLess than 0.5%

-Den utes zero (0) mentions 90

-:",'

.... ,'

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

17.921 41

flank in TDS/SMSA 2

Source (%) Legal RX 26 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 5 Over-the-counter 44 Gift 1 othe~ + Unk./No resp. 22

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 15 Dependence 7 Sulc.att./gest. 60 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWt! Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 32 20-29 38 30-39 18 40-49 7 50 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAi' Grouping 6-9 --- +

10-17 21 18-20 15 21-25 21 26-3(j 16 n-« ~ 45 & Over 8 Unk./Nd re~p. 1

Race (%) White 60 Black 24 Other 4 Unk .INa r@s~. 13

Sex (%) Male 30 FerWe 70 Unk./Nd rasp; +

546 1.402 206 25 48 44

2

20 2 2

43 19 3

10

41 26 25

2 7

+ 18 52 21 6 3 +

+ 11 11 28 23 20

6 +

34 63

1 2

50 49

.1

6

27 + 9 2

39 + +

22

8 14 63

2 13

+ 36 36 1.5 6 6 +

+ 26 15 19 15 15 9 +

62 22 9 8

29 70 +

2

34

1 1

49 1

14

11 2

63

4 19

+ 33 36 16 9 4 1

+ 21 18 18 16 18

7 1

67 32 + +

24 75 +

TABLE 3.06 - Conti nued

161 1.135 32 40

2

27 1

1 35

3

34

9 1

65

2 23

1 30 42 20 4 3

1 22 12 22 20 19 5

77 4 4

14

20 79 1

2

25

2 4

33 1

35

19 8

46

5 25

+ 30 38 18 8 5 1

+ 21 14 20 16 20 8 1

52 35

6 7

35 65 +

517 38

2

38 + 4 3

44 2 + 9

15 9

67

3 9

34 35 16 8 6 +

24 14 17 17 18 9 +

73 7

15 5

32 68

310 28

2

23 + 3

10 31 3

30

25 15 43

3 16

+ 27 45 18 7 3 +

+ 15 18 27 16 18

5 +

43 42 +

15

46 54

224 46

2

30

2 2

47

18

4 +

71

2 23

+ 37 40 13 6 3

+ 24 19 22 14 16 .5

50 8

38 4

23 76 +

NOT~: MUltiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

"See Introduction

+Less than d.5x

-oendtes ierb (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

424 42

3

32

3 1

52 1

11

12 5

64

4 16.

29 40 19 6 6 +

19 16 19 19 19

7 +

65 8 5

23

24 76 +

141 459 44 36

8 2

22 23 + 2

2 + 62 56

+ +

14 19

4 10 4 3

78 76 +

5 4 11 7

11 29 52 38 23 18 4 9 9 6

2 17 16 16 25. 20 23 17 23 20 11 10

47 68 14 8 13 5 26 19

46 29 54 71

+

641 2.730 40 42

2 2

16 30 + t 6 2 + 1

51 47 1 1

+ 25 19

11 13 4 Z

74 66 + + 2 3

10 16

+ + 39 36 36 35 17 16 5 8 4 4 + +

t + 27 23 15 17 21 19 13 14 17 19 6 7 + +

44 73 46 14 1 2

10 12

24 29' 76 71 + +

Non-narcotic analgesics are therapeutics primarily used for the relief of pain. Included in this class are various formulationS of d-propoxyphene. aspirin and acetaminophen.

91

,i

,i ,

TABLE 3.061 - ASPIRIN

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979,

No. of Menti ons Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/ SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other ll!\k./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Sui c. att ./gest. Unknow. /Unwi 11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

6,682 51

4

5 + 2 1

80 + +

11

12 1

68 + 3

16

+ 41 33 15 6 5 +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 29 18-20 17 21-25 18 26-30 12 31-44 16 45 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 61 B1 ack 19 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 14

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

28 72 +

184 122 48 46

3 6

2 6

1 2 1

85 83 2

10 10

17 16 2 1

55 72

7 5 20 7

1 43 41 36 39 10 12 3 5 4 3 2

1 29 31 18 12 18 21 15 20 12 11 5 4 2

54 66 30 30

1 16 4

23 25 77 75

275 50

4

8 + + 3

77 1

10

7 2

68

5 19

42 31 13 6 7 1

31 15 17 12 15 8 1

79 12 3 7

29 71

189 41

4

92

7

8 2

71

2 17

37 35 14 8 5 1

27 13 22 11 17 10 1

72 16 2

10

26 74

426 54

S

9

+ 1

75

14

8 1

55

6 29

44 32 13 5 6 +

33 16 19 9

14 8 +

60 23

6 11

22 77 +

20B 51

3

3

1 1

83

12

14 +

55

6 24

1 41 33 15 4 6 +

1 32 14 19 11 16 7 +

58 30 +

12

26 74

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

133 50

343 413 56 43

3 3 5

5

2 2

86

6

3

1 1

87 1

8

22 8 1 1

61 79

1 2 16 10

1 + 38 40 38 29 16 16 5 8 2' 6 1 1

1 24 20 22 12 17 3 1

68 17 11 5

23 77

+ 27 18 16 11 16 10 1

45 4 8

43

33 67

6

3 +

75 +

15

13 3

68

2 15

36 34 18 5 7 +

25 15 18 18 17 8 +

54 33 +

13

23 77

144 53

3

3 ,-I 1

84

11

24 1

58

6 13

1 43 28 15 ~O 3

1 33 13 13 13 20 7

£;i9 20 1

10

26 73 1

148 51

3

7

1 1

78

1 12

11 1

66

5 20

36 37 17

5 4 1

26 18 23 9

18 5 1

59 10 1

30

33 67

391 58

5

3

1 1

81

15

10 1

65

2 23

33 39 15 7 6 1

198 59

9

2

3 1

88

6

18 1

76

1 5

46 29 19 3 4

23 33 15 17 23 18 13 11 18 16 8 6 1 '

59 43 15 32 9 6

18 18

24 30 76 70

1

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons

120

Rank in TDS

14

Age N %

1 1 40-49 6 5 50 & Over

Concomitance ._N __ %

Alone 38 32 In Comb. 82 6C

N %

20 17 42 35

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

24 20 Unk./No resp. 27 23

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-I nduced Deaths

N %

Suici de 54 45 Accid./Unexp. 21 18 Unk./No resp. ~'27 23

Race N %

White 93 78 Black 22 18 Other 2 2 Unk./No resp. 3 3

92

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

6 5 9 8 3 3

48 40 72 60

249 50

2

2

1 2

92

3

8 1

82

3 7

45 28 17 6 4 +

31 19 16 8

19 6 +

76 1 2

22

30 70

I

I

.filil I

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

6,682 51

4

5 + 2 1

80 + +

11

Motivation (%) Psychic effect~l 12 Dependence 1 Su i c. att. / gest. 68 Unkno\~./Um~ill. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 41 20-29 33 30-39 15 40-49 6 50 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-g -- +

10-17 29 18-20 17 21-25 18 26-30 12 31-44 16 45 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 61 Black 19 Other 5 Unk. /No resp. 14

Sex (1!) Male Female Unk./No resp.

28 72 +

91 58

7

14 1 2 3

67 7

41 3

40

2 15

1 32 42 16 5 2 1

1 24 16 23 13 14 7 1

36 49 7 8

26 70 3

530 55

13

4

12 +

72 +

12

5 2

78

2 13

1 48 32 9 4 6

1 36 18 18 10 10 7

63 20 10 8

27 72 +

65 54

3

6

2 2

88

3

12

62

6 20

2 38 34 20 6

2 34 8

14 23 20

60 38

2

18 80 2

TABLE 3.061 - Continued

46 46

4

2

74 2

22

11

76

13

52 30 17

39 20 13 15 13

85 2 9 4

26 74

322 54

4

4

1 2

79

15

17

58

5 n

41 32 14 7 5 1

31 16 18 10 16 9 1

60 31 2 8

29 71

174 51

3

9

2 1

83 1

5

11 1

74

4 11

43 29 17 6 5 1

31 15 14 14 18 7 1

70 3

22 6

30 70

77 55

6

5

81 3

12

6 1

64

8 21

40 29 18 4 9

25 22 13 10 21 9

60 25

16

32 68

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMAi"ION

99 56

3

5

2 80

13

3

71

3 23

1 40 40 11 5 2

1 29 22 23 7

13 4

43 9

44 3

27 73

182 65 204 53 54 45

4.5 9.5 3

7

1 1

86 1

5

10 3

68

6 15

41 36 14 3 5

28 20 15 16 15 5

63 8 6

24

26 74

3

2 95

5 3

78

8 9

11 52 26 3 8

2 17 31 17 25 9

40 18 15 26

42 58

2

87

+ 9

10 1

79 + 4 5

33 37 17 7 6

23 14 21 16 16 10

68 7 5

20

26 74

286 1,118 46 50

4 3

7 1

78 +

13

11 3

76

2 8

+ 43 33 14 4 4 1

+ 32 16 19 12 13 7 1

41 44 1

13

24 76

9

+ 2

75 1 +

13

13 ., 69

2 15

43 30 16 7 3 1

30 18 15 12 17 6 1

70 14 2

14

32 67 +

Aspirin is probably the best known and one of the most readily available over-the-counter medications. Its analgesic properties are well known. Aspirin does not appear to create psychological or physiological dependence, and tolerance effects are rare.

93

,.. I

" ""-~---...,-:-"':;:;,=.-.::_::.-:::c;-;, 1

I I

..

TABLE 3.062 - d·PROPti~'1fHEtlE

Emergen~oom Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-Dec~~ber 1979

No. of r.ent ions Alone (%)

3,585 75 102 42 33 28

Rank in TDS/SMSA 8 9.5 7

Source (%) Legal RX 59 Forged RX + Stolen 3 Street buy . 2 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 34

i~otivation (%) Psychic effects 15 Dependence 9 Suic.att./gest. 57 Unknow./Unwi 11. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 17

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --- +

10-19 23 20-29 39 30-39 20 40-49 10 50 8< Over 7 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 14 "-w U 21-25 22 26-30 17 31-44 23 45 & Over 11 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) ~ih ~ Black 19 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 12

Sex (%) Male 31 Female 68 Unk./No resp. +

67 67

6

3 2 1

29 25

2~ 23 7 2

52 57

3 3 20 17

28 26 32 49 23 14 11 9 4 2 3

23 13 11 19 20 28

9 19 27 14 8 8 3

77 64 12 31

1 11 4

35 36 65 64

198 24

43 1 3 4

3 1

47

10 15 54

7 17

17 43 27

6 7

9 12 23 22 23 11

78 13 2 8

40 60

104 33

6

48

2

3

47

11 5

70

4 11

22 38 20 10 9 1

13 12 19 18 28 9 1

63 22 2

13

25 75

162 33

14

57

2

40

13 6

51

1 33

26 42 17 8 6 1

16 15 23 15 20 10 1

56 27 6

11

27 73

134 37

5

54

7 1

39

15 5

55

5 22

24 41 13 13 8 1

15 13 25 14 20 11 1

57 34 1 8

27 72 1

NOTE: Multip1e mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

85 31

7

49

4

46

29 1

56

4 9

39 33 14 8 6

24 21 14 14 19 8

80 12 2 6

28 12

125 38

6

59

1 2

39

10 3

74

2 13

22 34 25 11 7 1

14 9

16 21 29 10 1

38 2 6

54

30 70 1

287 32

6

66

2 1

3

28

13 8

61 + 4

16

23 40 21 10

6

12 15 21 17 25 10

57 33 +

10

25 75

108 75 31 13

4 6

31

4 1

3

61

28 6

48

5 17

27 31 19 14 9 1

19 7

21 9

26 16 1

81 12

7

31 69

1

55

1 1

3

40

5 7

72

3 13

8 . 53

19 12 8

5 7

29 23 21 15

63 11

27

29 71

185 98 37 45

12 21

52

47

15 4

57 1 4

21

19 36 22 11 12

8 15 21 15 27 14

68 13 3

16

31 69

85

2

13

36 9

49

1 5

19 40 20 6

14

11 16 22 11 22 16

62 23

3 11

33 66 1

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

379

Rank In TDS

4

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

86 293

~Ag~e~ __ ~N~~%~ ____________ ~N ___ .! 6-9 40-49 65 17

10-19 29 8 50 & Over 69 18 20-29 140 37 Unk./No resp. 1 + 30-39 75 20

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

23 77

Race

White Black Other Unk. /No resp.

94

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-Induced Deaths

Orug-Rel ated Deaths

SUicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

283 75 70 18 17 4 9 2

_N~~~,--...;._ II %

IG6 41 4 1 109 ~ M 4 88 23 6 2

Sex

Male Female

N %

171 45 208 55

__ kA bTSiRliSil 778 ,z

68 28

11

76

21

16 3

7?

3 7

22 34 28 6 7 3

12 12 16 24 22 12 3

66 4 4

25

37 63

I

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Othel' Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic. att./gest. Unknow./Unwi n. Other Unk. /No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

3,585 66 33 36

8

59 + 3 2

2 +

34

15 9

57 + 3

17

+ 23 39 20 10 7 +

11

56 2 5

11

6

21

44 9

33

3 11

17 36 27 11 9

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 --

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 8< Over Unk./No resp.

Race (ll) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (ll) Male Female Unk./No resp.

+ 14 13 22 17 23 11 +

65 19 4

12

31 68 +

15 6

14 21 30 14

61 38

2

41 59

357 40

21

53 + 7 4

1

36

12 27 47

1 13

25 42 20 7 6 +

16 11 24 22 18 8 +

59 23 10 7

34 66 +

47 36

5

72

2

2

23

9 4

68

6 13

30 34 15 11 9 2

19 17 17 11 19 15 2

74 26

26 74

TABLE 3.062 - Continued

26 19

10.5

58 4

4

35

8

54

4 35

12 54 19 4

12

12 4

38 12 23 12

58

8 35

12 85 4

270 40

5

52

3 1

44

16 7

51

4 27

27 39 18 9 7 +

18 13 21 16 21 11 +

63 26 6 5

32 68 +

126 25

5

72

6 6

3

14

17 14 60

2 9

26 35 17 9

13

17 13 13 20 20 17

73 10 12

5

37 63

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

65 26

8

68

8 2

3

20

18 11 52

2 20

2 26 38 17 14

3

2 15 15 25 12 20 11

63 26 2 9

31 69

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

42 31

6

64

5 2

29

62

36

26 36 19 12 7

12 14 24 17 21 12,

50 10 33 7

19 79 2

84 26

9

69

7 2

4

18

15 10 58

1 17

14 42 27 7

10

11 8

19 23 29 11

71 4 2

23

31 69

23 72 39 25

26

61

9

30

4 70

4 22

13 61 13 9 4

4 13 35 22 22 4

57 13 9

22

65 35

11

53 1 1 1

42

14 6

67

14

22 32 28 10 8

8 18 17 17 31 10

68 7 7

18

44 54 1

101 500 36 33

10

48 1 5

3

45

10 7

70 1 5 9

34 41 16 7 3

22 15 21 20 18

5

59 30 1

10

31 69

6

70 + 2 1

+ 26

14 6

61 + 3

18

24 39 18 13 6 +

14 14 22 15 23 11 +

77 11 2

10

28 72

d- PropoXY~hene, an analgesiC chemically related to methadone, produces analgesia by acting on the central nervous system. Llke codeine, a cOnDination of propoxyphene with aspirin affords much better analgesia than that resulting from either agent given alone. Psychic dependence can be produced hy long term d-propoxyphene use, while tolerance and physical dependence occur 'less frequently.

95

-.\

! ~

..

TABLE 3,063 - PENTAZOCINE

Emergency ~om Mentions - Oemographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-Decem~9

~Io. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1,640 18

26

legal RX 23 Forged RX 1 Stolen 1 Street buy 36 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No re~p. 37

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 35 Dependence 41 Suic.att./gest. 20 Unkllow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 8 20-29 55 30-39 25 4~~ 7 50 & Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 3 18-20 9 21-25 29 26-30 27 31-44 25 45 & Over 7 Unk. /No resp. 1

Race (%) White 29 Black 61 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 7

Sex (%) Male Female­Unk./No resp.

56 44 +

10** 10** 20 20 30 25

36 35 36

35

65

5 15 60

5 15

10 60 15 15

10

50 10 25

5

80 15

5

40 60

78 44

13

19

1 36

44

19 51 24

5 6

12 58 22 3 5 1

1 14 37 19 22

5 1

27 62

12

53 47

416 7

6

3 +

59

+ +

38

58 62

3

1 16

5 60 26 6 1 1

1 8

26 35 25 3 1

6 89 2 3

66 34

36 50

24

31

6 25

8

33

50 28 22

3 6

19 31 28 17 6

6 14 19 19 31 11

39 61

44 56

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

·See Introduction

17** 22 59 27

23.5 27

50 5

5

41

27 9

41

5 18

9 27 50

14

5 5

18 23 36 14

41 5

55

36 64

III 35

19

37

3 12

2

48

6 40 36

4 16

8 54 25 6 5 2

5 6

23 32 25

6 2

29 67

5

43 56 1

16** 19** 58 69 11 24

36 36

28.5 24 28.5 32

55

2

43

3 7

50

7 33

3 48 29 7

12

10 14 33 28 16

50 16 3

31

21 79

75

3

8

14

44 31 17

8

8 39 33 11 8

3 6

14 31 33 14

86 6 :3 ,6

56 44

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions

29

Rank in TDS

27

Age N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

N

9 31 20 69

Race N

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Drug-Induced Drug-Rel ated Deaths Deaths

N

6 11 5

Sex

%

28 38 17

N

1 4

N

3 14

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

40-49 6 2

21 7

White 14 48 52

Male Female

15 14

52 48

10 11

50 & Over 34 Unk./No resp. 38

Bl ack 15 Other Unk./No resp.

"Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

flus than 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 96

.~------~-------, " '--"" a

16** 31

27.S

Ii

J

'< '.

f I

\ ,I

TABLE 3.063 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1,640 18

26

legal RX 23 Forged RX 1 Rol~ 1 Street buy 36 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 37

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 35 Dependence 41 SUic. att./gest. 20 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 8 20-29 55 30-39 25 40-49 7 50 &. Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 3 18-20 9 21-25 29 26-30 27 no" ~ 45 &. Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 29 8lack 61 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 7

SeX (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

56 44 +

262 1

2

4 4 +

85

2

5

47 48

3

2

8 67 21 3 1

2 10 38 29 18

3

13 87

72 28

66 45

13** 9** 181 8 22 15

31.5 17 28.5 14

56

2 9

2

32

6 47 35

2 12

9 42 32 6

11

3 9

21 24 30 12

65 21 6 8

47 53

15

1 18

4

61

35 35 13

2 23

6 51 29 10 4

2 !l

28 27 29 7

15 68 14 3

69 31

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for sourc~ and motivation.

·See Introduction

20 20

33

65 5 5

20

15 40 35

5 10

60 5

20 15

10 40 10 20 20

85 10

5

30 70

·*Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

92 7

4

4 1 1

30

2

61

46 40 2

15

8 72 16 3

4 11 46 24 14

7 75

18

73 27

suprlEMENTARV INFORMATION

6** 17** 9** 10** 13** 77 33 24 22 30 32

25.5 33 33.5 34.5 36 32

60

39

14 9

51 1 9

21

13 36 27 16 8

8 10 22 10 35 14

78 4 3

16

35 65

Pentazocine, a non-narcotic analgesic, is more than twice as potent as meperidine, but less effective than morphine in both pot~ncy and duration of action. Tolerance may develop, and instances of psychological and physical dependence on pentazoclne have been noted. The respiratory depres~ant effects of pentazocine may be potentiated by other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol and barbitura tes.

97

\,

; ~ !

!,

I I •

I ..

TABLE 3.064 - ACETAMINOPHEN

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (X)

Rank in TDS/SHSA

Source (%)

3,296 41

10

Legal RX 10 Forged RX Holen J Street buy 1 Over-the-tounter 67 Gift + Other + Unk./No resp. 19

Motivation (X) Psychic effects 12 Dependence 2 Sulc.att./gest. 67 Unknow./Unw111. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (X) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 36 20-29 37 30-39 16 4~49 6 50 10 Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (") CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17· 24 18-20 1B 21-25 20 U~O M 31-44 17 45 .. Over 7 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (") White 59 Black 24 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (") Male 27 Female 73 Unk./No resp. +

96 35

6

14

71

16

15 1

63

4 18

34 46 14 5 1

26 11 23 21 16

3

49 36

15

24 76

64 4B

14

5

2 3

77

14

6 5

73

2 14

39 34 17 6 3

31 17 16 13 20 3

59 34 2 5

30 70

99 32

15

9

1 2

69 1

18

8 7

70

7 10

29 42 16 5 4 3

23 13 24 14 17 5 3

71 17 2

10

34 66

89 42

10

3

2 84

10

8 3

66

4 1S

27 42 12 7

11 1

19 11 30 11 H 16 1

64 25 1

10

28 72

197 43

8

12

4 56 1

28

13 6

58

4 23

46 32 11 7 3 1

37 16 21 6

13 7 1

49 37

3 11

24 76

88 45

8

6

2 1

76

15

13

64

3 20

49 27 16 6 2

34 22 16 8

18 2

47 34

19

22 78

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroductl on

90 44

6

4

3

56

37

39

50

2 9

42 37 12 6 2 1

23 27 20 11 11 7 1

69 22 6 3

26 74

190 239 48 31

4

5

1 2

79 1

13

5

80

3 lZ

33 38 17 6 5 1

21 17 19 17 17 7 1

44 4 9

43

33 67

8

14

3

60 2 +

21

16 6

64

3 13

31 36 22 6 5 1

16 16 21 13 24 7 1

51 34 +

14

24 76

73 38

3 1

73

16

27

53

5 16

33 44 18 5

22 18 23 15 21

1

67 26

1 5

29 71

74 36

7

9

68 1

20

3

65

4 28

41 35 16 7 1

23 28 15 12 18 4

72 14

15

27 72 1

162 48

15

4

56

4()

9 1

65

2 22

31 36 16 7 9

18 3.8 19 16 18 12

59 19 3

20

25 75

70 39

27

4

81

14

11

80

1 7

36 37 17

10

20 24 21 9

16 10

59 23 4

14

24 76

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Ment Ions

105

Rank in TDS

17.5

Age N

40-49 4 4 50 10 Over

Concomitance N "

Alone 8 8 In Comb. 97 92

N " 19 18 27 26

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

40 38 Unk. INo resp. 15 14

+Less than 0.5"

-Denutes Z~110 (0) mentions 'I

Cause/Manner of Death

Race

Suicide Accld./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N

White 85 81 B1 ack 17 16 Other 2 2 Unk./No resp. 1 1

98

Drug-Induced Deaths

N " 35 33 41 39 20 19

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Related Deaths

N "

5 5 4 4

N " 52 50 53 50

103 49

B

6

1 2

82

10

9 2

79

3 8

43 27 17 6 5 3

23 23 15 12 17 8 3

76

1 23

26 74

r I \ I i J

J!

\1 !i

}'

TABLE 3.064 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (X)

Rank In TDS/SMSA

SoUrce (")

3,296 41

10

63 48

12.5

Legal RX 10 17 Forged RX Stolen 2 2 Street buy 1 5 Over-the-counter 67 65 Gift + 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 19 10

Motivation (") Psychic effects 12 22 Dependence 2 2 SUic.att./gest. 67 57 Unknow./Unwill. Other 3 5 Unk./No resp. 10 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 36 25 20-29 37 37 30-39 16 16 40-49 6 14 50 .. Over 4 8 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 24 16 18-20 18 13 21-25 20 14 26.30 14 21 31-44 17 24 45 8. Over 7 13 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 59 57 Black 24 38 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 27 32 Female 73 67 Unk./No resp. + 2

252 53

23

8

11 2

58 + +

21

8 2

72

1 17

1 42 34 10 6 7 +

1 32 17 16 12 12 9 +

57 25 8

10

26 74 +

51 41

4

12

2 80

6

14

61

2 24

35 41 12 6 4 2

12 31 22 14 16 4 2

75 24

:1

27 73

26 174 31 36

10.5 15

8 11

1 4 1

65 61

23 25

8 18 2

62 47

4 5 27 29

4 31 39 42 36 15 16 8 6

4

2 1

15' 28 15 16 19 20 31 16 12 17 4 3

1

73 45 12 41 4 5

12 9

27 30 73 70

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

·See Introduction

+Less than 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

97 43

7

15

7 2

71 1

3

18 2

74

3 7

41 34 15 9

30 15 23 10 19

3

70 8

19 3

33 67

42 31

12

12

2

71 2

12

14 5

69

2 12

29 40 19 12

12 21 29 12 24 2

57 38

5

43 57

SUPPL~MENTARY INFORMATION

27 56

7

15

4 70

11

4

81

4 11

52 33 15

37 15 11 22 15

.:

56 7

30 7

11 89

70 39

13

7

4

84

4

14 3

67

1 16

26 44 20 6 4

13 23 24 16 17 7

63 9

10 19

16 84

30 93 30 31

25 6.5

3 5

1 1

77 73

20 19

3 13 3 1

77 76

3 6 13 5

7 25 53 41 20 15 7 11

13 9

15 10 14 17 20 33 18 23 18 17 14

53 63 7 11

13 6 27 19

53 29 47 71

155 582 37 40

5 5

4 14

6 1 1 2

63 66 1 +

26 15

8 12 1 +

78 67

1 3 12 18

40 38 35 37 21 14 3 7 1 3 1 +

28 24 17 18 20 21 12 13 19 18 3 5 1 +

34 72 61 16 1 1 5 11

21 25 78 75 1

Acetaminophen produces analgesia by elevation of the pain threshold and antipyresis (fever reduction) through action on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center. Acetaminophen has rarely been found to produce any side effects.

99

I l

TABLE 3.07 - THERAPEUTIC CLASS - AMPHETAMINES

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - Japuary-December 1979

No. of Mentions 3.726 Alone (%) 40

Rank in TDS/SMSA 9

Source (%) legal RX 7 Forged RX + S~l~ 1 Street buy 50 Over-the-counter Gift 5 Other + Unk./No resp. 37

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 39 Dependence 32 SUic.att./gest. 17 Unknow./Unwi11. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 13

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 27 20-29 53 30-39 15 40-49 3 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 14 18-20 19 21-25 31 26-30 20 31-44 14 45 & Over 2 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 71 Black 17 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 58 Female 4t Unk./No resp. +

83 42

9

6

4 34

51

59 10 17 1 1

14

35 51 6 5 2 1

16 25 29 17 6 6 1

83 6

11

63 37

47 106 57 146 36 28 32 50

10 10 10 11

9 4 , 7 4 1

36 43 35 34

4

51 49 5R 56

55 34 46 46 11 32 32 16 15 20 21 17

1 2 4 4 2

19 13 2 27

36 30 37 40 43 50 40 42 17 17 1.9 14 2 3 2 3

2 1 2

28 13 18 23 15 21 23 22 21 34 28 29 17 14 14 10 15 17 16 14 2 1 2 2 2

74 86 65 66 21 10 23 18

3 4 4 12 12

53 55 67 56 47 45 33 44

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

76 67 100 124 38 51 49 43

9 e, 10 10

8 13 9 1

2 26 19 38 47

335 5 1 2

62 66 51 35

30 43 63 23 17 15 6 43 21 2.7 27 18 1 1 1 4 1 1

33 13 9 18

30 37 34 28 51 40 43 44 13 15 15 22 3 653 3 1 1 2

2 1

13 25 20 14 22 16 20 19 34 33 23 26 13 7 16 19 12 10 17 19 5 7 2 2

2 1

62 81 43 69 26 13 2 23

3 5 12 3 50 9

51 52 47 60 ,OQ 48 53 40

58 53

10

10

2 21

17

50

55 7

14 3 7

16

34 60

3 2

19 21 31 24 5

78 12

10

59 41

68 43

8

13

22

62

32 12 25

1 29

43 41 7 4 3 1

26 22 21 16 7 6 1

65 13 1

21

47 53

Medical Examiner Mentions - Oemographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

60

Rank in TDS

9

Age N

40-49 3 5 50 & Over

Concomitance N %

Alone 15 25 In Comb. 45 75

N

3 5 6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

46 77 Unk./No resp. 8 13

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Race N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

White 46 77 Bl ack 13 22 Other 1 2 Unk./No resp.

100

Drug-Induced Deaths

N

5 8 30 50 5 8

Sex

Male Female

99 149 49 40

11 10

12 28

1 13 62

5 3

70

25 62 15 29 21 7

1 38 2

15 29 49 48 27 15 6 7 1 1

8 11 12 23 29 24 10 22 25 18 6 1

60 79 15 12 5 1

20 8

51 54 4B 46 1

Drug-Re 1 ated Deaths

N %

5 8 12 20 3 5

N

45 75 15 25

130 44

6

3 55

40

48 24 22

23 56 15 4

2

13 19 31 10 15 2 2

78 2 1

20

60 39 1

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

3.726 40

9

Legal RX 7 Forged RX + Stolen 1 Street boy 50 Over-the-counter Gift 5 Other + Unk./No resp. 37

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 39 Dependence 32 SUic.att./gest. 17 Unknow./Unwil1. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 13

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 27 20-29 53 30-39 15 40-49 3 50 & Over 1 Unk./No l"esp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 14 18-20 19 21-25 31 26-30 20 31-44 14 45 & Over 2 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 71 B1 ack 17 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 58 Female 41 Unk./No resp. +

64 816 42 18

9 8

19 3

55

6

17

55 31 8

2 6

16 52 28 3 2

3 20 30 20 22

5

66 30 2 3

64 36

3

+ B4

2

10

20 65 13 + + ,2

+ 24 58 15 2 1 +

+ 13 18 31 23 13 2 +

80 16 2 2

63 37 +

TA8LE 3.07 - Continued

11** 31 592 36 32 58

10 8.5 4

3

45

3

48

26 3

26

3 ,t2

29 45 19

6

10 26 29 13 16

6

61 3 3

32

45 55

5

+ 46

8 +

42

44 32 14 + 1

16

111 60 15 2 1 +

10 17 35 23 12 2 +

51 42 4 3

65 34 +

104 35

9

13

3 48

12

25

50 22 29

1 3

24 60 11 3 2 1

13 19 31 24 8 4 1

8B 4 6 3

47 53

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

*·Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

~5 3B

8

9 2

27

9

53

49 13 9 2

29

36 49 16

16 27 31 13 13

62 13

24

56 44

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

17** 97 47 57

9 9

2

1 46

4

46

41 21 20 1 1

19

21 62 12 4

9 18 37 21 13 1 1

71 5 3

21

55 45

142 59

7

67

3

30

51 39 11 1 1 5

8 49 35 6 2

2 8

27 30 27 6

67 13 2

18

76 24

94 38

9

9

44

5

43

56 9

23

1 12

31 51 13 4 1

16 17 38 14 12 3

Bl 4 2

13

44 56

77 326 39 40

10.5 10

10

1 29

4 1

55

32 35 21 3

9

31 51 16 3

19 16 31 19 13 1

66 22

12

57 43

13

1 33

4

49

42 10 24

2 23

35 49 12 2 1 +

17 25 29 15 11 2 +

81 6 1

12

53 47

Products in this therapeutic class contain amphetamine or one of its derivatives and are used as antiobesity preparations or central nervous system stimulants. Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Tolerance. extreme psychological dependence and severe social disability can occur. Side effects may include dryness of the mouth. anorexia. euphoria. insomnia. and headaches. Physical dependence. however. does not occur.

101

""~O·'''.'. __ ' .. '"'"_~\ H

, ' , ' , ' ! !

1\

I,

! .. " .. "-'-... '~~~="-.."..~,,,=,:_,::; 11

..

TABLE 3.071 - AMPHETAMINE

Emergency Room Mentions - D~Ographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%j

Rank in TDS/SMSA

SoUrce (%)

1,996 38

20

Legal RX 9 Forged RX + Stolen + Street buy 55 Over-the-counter Gift 4 Other + Unk./No resp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 33 Dependence 39 SUic.att./gest. 18 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 11

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 24 20-29 54 30-39 17 ~~9 3 50 &. Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 12 18-20 17 21-25 31 26-30 20 31-44 15 45 &. Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 72 Bla'k 18 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 7

Sex (%) Male 58 Female 42 Unk./No resp. +

29 59

25

7

34

3

59

72 3

17

10

31 55 10

3

17 24 34 14 7 3

83 7

10

62 38

22 32

26

5

50

5

41

55 18 14

18

27 50 18

5

23 14 23 18 18

5

64 32

5

59 41

45 33

24

9 2

42

2

49

31 36 18

7 9

16 51 29 4

7 11 33 20 27 2

84 13

2

51 49

18** 61 44 49

29 25

8

21

3

69

43 13 23

3 28

34 46 11 7 2

18 21 34 8

15 3

52 23

3 21

56 44

27 37

29

4

26

4 4

67

26 26 26 4 7

30

11 70 19

7 15 37 22 19

52 33

15

56 44

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

30 47

14

27

10

63

30 17 33

20

20 43 23 10

3

10 17 33 7

20 13

83 10 3 3

47 53

44 66

21

2

39

2

57

68 7

25

11

27 43 16 7 2 5

16 16 18 23 18 5 5

57 2

11 30

59 41

53 32

28

9

42

2 2

45

21 42 21

19

15 49 28 4 4

9 8

30 25 23 6

66 25

9

55 4S

26 62

36 53

20.5 19

19

4 15

31

31

50 8 8 8 8

19

27 65 8

15 15 35 27 8

73 19

f

69 31

14

25

6

56

33 19 28

19

42 42 8 3 3 3

19 31 22 11 8 6 3

67 14

19

44 56

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N % Cause/Manner of Death

64 55

27

11

16

5

69

27 16 19

2 39

19 50 28

3

9 14 30 17 27

3

59 19 5

17

53 45 2

73 42

26

42

48

3

56 33 10

30 45 15 10

11 26 22 19 21 1

75 15

10

45 55

32

Rank in TDS

26

Alone In Comb.

5 16 Drug-Induced Drug-Related

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N N

40-49 2 1 3 50 &. Over

24 75 Unk./No resp. 5 16

27 84

6

Race

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N

White 25 78 Black 6 19 Other 1 3 Unk. /No resp.

**Percentages fr;:-'demographics not computed due to small numbers.

--"-' ) +Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 102

Deaths Deaths

N %

2 6 15 47 3 9

Sex

.Male Pemale

N %

2 6 8 25 2 6

N

21 66 11 34

45 49

13

2

2 64

31

49 16 29

7

22 56 20 2

13 1.i 33 20 18 2

76 4

20

60 40

n •• Ai'. Ii

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1,996 38

20

Legal RX 9 Forged RX + Stolen + Street buy 55 Over-the-counter Gift 4 Other + Unk./No rasp. 32

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 33 Dependence 39 SUic.att./gest. 18 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 11

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9- + 10-1~ 24 20-29 54 3~. 17 40-49 3 50 &. Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 12 18 .. 20 17 21-25 31 26-30 20 31-44 15 45 &. Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 72 Black 18 Oth~r 2 Unk./No resp. 7

Sex (%) Male 58 Female 42 Unk./No resp. +

46 723 46 18

19

20 4

59

2

15

54 39 4

2 2

9 54 30 4 2

2 15 33 22 22 7

61 33 2 4

57 43

9

3

+ 85

9

19 66 13 + + 2

+ 25 57 15 2 1 +

+ 14 18 31 22 13 2 +

82 15 2 2

62 38

TABLE 3.071 - Continued

5** 11** 248 60 18 62

26 26 8

+ 44

9

41

40 31 19 + 1

16

20 59 17 2 2 1

9 15 38 21 13 3 1

52 43

2 2

60 39 1

57 33

16

11

4 49

12

25

49 25 26

2 2

19 61 11 5 2 2

7 25 23 30 9 5 2

88 7 5

56 44

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

18** 3"* 5? 44 100 62

24.5 33 18

4

42

2

52

35 27 15 2 -

23,

13 65 12 8

2

10 8

35 27 17 2 2

69 Il 2

21

56 44

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

63 60

31 39

U.5 27

2

(5

2

32

48 49 8 2

3

13 38 38 8 3

3 13 14 32 30 8

63 17 3

16

70 30

19

23

6

52

42 10 35

3 13

32 48 16 3

is 16 39 16 10 3

87 3 3 6

39 61

35 131 46 47

23.5 25

17

26

6

51

26 34 26 3

11

23 60 14 3

11 20 37 17 11 3

69 23

9

54 46

18

30

47

34 11 32

2 21

33 52 9 3 2 1

20 19 35 12 10 3 1

82 7 2 9

53 47

~'11Phetamines act as stimulants to the central nervous system. They are usually prescribed as appetite suppressants, a~ an aid in the contl'{)l of narcolepsy and, paradoxically, for hyperkinesis in children. Tolerance to the effects of amphetamine (especially the appetite-suppressant action) frequently occurs, requiring the user to continually increase his dosage of the drug to maintain the desired effects.

103

i {

I )i4

,

~ to ... ·~-.,.-..~~ ... -~·-....-'~'""'~~~~G~~"-"~~-=:.=-~~·.'->V .. ~·· ~-"'='~~~~-----'ft.,=,===-~~.::t"'"'7i" r ()

...

J}~LE 3.072 - d-AMPHETAMINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

~

~ ..:l' .. '"

~ ,§ .... 0 ~ .... ", ... '" ~

~ '" 1>..'" (J' ::;; 0" ~ ~ ,,'" ~ O:J'" c."

No. of Mentions Alon~ (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%)

203 43

40

24

3 21

5

47

Psychic effects 32 Dependence 16 Suic.att./gest. 35 Unknow./Unwill. Other + Unk./No resp. 18

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 &. Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

33 42 18 4 1 +

18 20 24 17 17 3 +

73 14

2 11

45 55

<Q <ij ~

7** 6** 6·* 7** 8** 14 50 50 29 63

37.5 38.5 40 37 37

'I •

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

• See Introduction

6** 50

39

jl .:.... ..... t., .... .., JJ '0

~" '" ~ ,~ ~

.. 0 '~' ~ .f ~ ~ ~ 0"

<:) " ~ "

~ ,f;

" ~ c:;,'" <::)'"

15** 6** 9** :L** 3** 9** 53 33 22 100 67 44

26 36.5 41 42 40 39.5

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

~ ~",

6** 50

40

Alone In Comb.

Drug-Induced Drug-Related

Rank in TDS

Age

G-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

N Race

White Black Other Unk./N<I resp.

**Percentages for demographics n()~ computed due to ;mall number$.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 104

""'," \' \

N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Deaths De~ths

N

Sex

Male Female

N

N

10** 60

31.5

;,...-.

\/

cff='

.... ..:l' "c

No. of Mentions 203 Alone (%) 43

Rank inTDS/SMSA 40

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

24

Stolen 3 Street buy 21 Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp. 47

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 32 Dependence 16 SUic.att./gest. 35 Unknow./Unwill. Other + Unk./No resp. 18

Age (%) DAWN Gl'ouping 6-9 --

10-19 33 20-29 42 30-39 18 40-49 4 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Gro\!ping 6-9--

10-17 18 18-20 20 21-25 24 26-30 17 31-44 17 45 & Over 3 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 73 Black 14 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 45 Female 55 Unk./No resp.

10** 8** 2** 40 25

35.5 39 32.5

TABLE 3.072 - Continued

7** 23 29 74

31 40

17

30

13

39

30 35 17

17

13 57 22 4 4

9 9

26 30 17 9

70 30

57 43

.,,"r ,f;

:& q;

10** 20

36

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation •

.See Introduction

•• Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

2**

39.5

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

c:J' c.,,' * c:;,' 0;-

r,' ~ q;

~ .... ~ ,~ .cO e;:-

~ ~

3** 7** 1** 3** 5** 23 67 43 40 39

33 38 ~1 40 39 39

43

4

4

48

17 9

43

30

39 35 17 9

22 17 30 4

26

70 4

26

30 70

Dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine) is a central nervous system stimulant essentially identical to. but more potent than. amphetamine (racemic or dl-amphetamine) in its pharmacological. psychological. and behavioral actions on the brain and body. It is one of the more frequently used anorectics,

'!'

105

: i Ii " ii ! 1

Ii li 'I 11 11 I; I! 11 :j I' P Ii !! Ii

U I!

tl Ii "

II 1: Ii

Ii H

~ I I: I: Ii il ii !(

: :

.:~

I

I !

i i{ 1", ,

I I

,I

TABLE 3.073 - METHfJ.1PIiETAMINE

Emergency Room Ment10ns - Demographics by SMSt 1n Column Percentages - January-December 1979

... Jjj f> ..,

t; ./J' <;:j .... $ ... '" ;j

~ ~

It ~ ",,'lJ

.... ~ o~ .... 0 ~ .... '" .,.'lJ

~ ~ ... '" (! ,,'lJ ~

..... tJ' ~ Cij ~ c..

No. of Mentions 197 3** 2** 10** 1** 3** 4** Alone (%) 53 67 10 100 33 50

Rank in TOS/SMSA 41 41 41 38 41 40 40

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

7

Stolen 2 Street buy 4l. Over-the-counter Gift ,.

,)

Other Unk./No resp. 46

Mot1vation (%) Psychic effects 48 Dependence 25 Sulc.att./gest. 12 Unknow. /Unwi I 1. Other 3 Unk. /No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 22 20-29 57 30-39 17 40-49 3 50 .. Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Group1ng 6-9--

10-17 9 18-20 19 21-25 31 26-30 25 31-44 14 45 .. Over 2 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 78 8lack 11 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 68 Female 32 Unk./No resp.

NOTE: Multiple menf,;''1,s are Jlosslble for source and motivation.

*See Introduct10n

~ ~ I; ':::' ... 0

~ ~ 1':;'" ~<Ii <;:j

JJ q;; ,r> ~ ~

0'"

" ~'Ii

8** 4** 13** 5** 3** 4** 12** 63 75 46 80 33 67

34.5 40.5 38 37 40 41 37

~led1cal Examiner Mentions - ,Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-Decembl.lr 1979

No. of Mentions

24

Rank 1n TOS

29

I!,se

6-9 10-19

N

L 20-29 18 30-39 3

%

8 75 13

Concomitance N

Alone 6 25 In Comb. 18 75

N % Race

40-49 4 White 50 .. Over Black Unk. /No resp. Other

Unk./No resp.

"Percentages for ~!mographics not Computed due t6 small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) rnentions 106

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N % N %

Suic1de 3 13 3 13 Accid./Unexp. 12 50 4 17 Unk./No resp. 1 4 1 4

N % Sex N %

17 71 Male 20 83 7 29 Female 4 17

,~

Ii OJ'

"" ~<::

8** 50

34

------' -,-----,-----------,.",.,---------""'!"'-----'

()

II

~~------- -------------------------

~ f> ..,

~ ~ OJ' <;:j

i:' ... ./J' <;:j

~ ~ ~

No. of Mentions 197 3** Alone (%) 53 33

Rank in TDS/SMSA 41 41

Source (%) Legal RX 7 Foryed RX Sto en 2 Street buy 41 Over-the-counter Gift 5 Other Unk./No resp. 46

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 48 Dependence 25 SUic.att./gest. 12 Unknow./Unwl11. Other 3 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 22 20-29 57 30-39 17 40-49 3 50 .. Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 9 18-20 19 21-25 31 26-30 25 31-44 l4 45 .. Over 2 Unk./No resp. ~

Rice (%) White 78 8lack 11 Other 1 Unk./No r£:sp. 10

Sex (%) Male 68 Female 32 Unk ./No resp.

~ .... 0

~ ~

5** 40

41.5

TABLE 3.073 - Continued

~ !o,.0

J 1**

100

38

~ .~ ~ .... it

",>' b'lJ .... -'r

....'Ii ~ .... .... 'Ii

& ~ <f 1**

40.5

60 63

34

3

2 30

7

58

53 33 3

2 15

22 62 15 2

8 20 35 25 12

73 20 2 5

73 27

1** 100

41

NOTE: Mult1ple I!'~~tfons are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduc~ 1 qn

**Percentages fRr demo~raphics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than O.~~

-Denotes zero (0) ~entipns

It

..... '" ~ " •. J c..;

1**

41

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

G' .... 0 c5'

.~ ~ ~ ~ '" ",'lJ of ,,<Ii ... '" ~ ~ :t .§ .§ $ OJ' ., ., ., c.;

8** 12** 5** 2** 18** 75 42 100 50 33

36.5 30 38.5 41 41

Methamphetamine, a ~~ntri!l nervous system stimulant chemically related to amphetamine and ephedrine, resembles cocaine in both effects and· potential fOl' dependence. Tolerance to methamphetamine also occurs frequently. First used in combat fatigue cases during World War II, methamphetamine has been prescribed as an appetite depressant, in cases of depression, and as an analeptic in barbiturate overdose episodes.

107

Ii l\ 1i I'

I' " " , \ Ii I: Il !i " H I' '\

TABLE 3.074 - SPEED

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in lDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Suic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwi11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 &. Over Unk.//lo resp.

Race (%) White Bli\l:k Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

1.221 38 40 34

29 21

+ 8 52 37

13 +

42 42

49 58 25 11 13 11 1 3 1 3

15 18

32 42 52 50 12 2 8 + +

16 13 22 34 31 26 18 13 11 1 8 +

67 84 18 5 3

12 11

60 63 40 37 +

16** 38

30

43 26

25

51

5

44

42 30 14

2 16

51 40 7 2

23 30 30 7 9

86 7

7

60 40

29 21

25.5

48

52

48 34 21

45 45 10

21 28 34 10 7

69 21

10

69 31

68 49

24

43

10

47

47 21 10 1

28

38 41 19 1

25 19 26 12 16 1

74 16 3 7

59 41

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

33 33

27

3

33

3

61

39 15 9

36

48 39 6 6

24 27 33

3 6 6

70 18

12

48 52

13** 54

29

40 33

22.5

3

45

3

53

70 8

18 3 3 5

40 45 13 3

25 20 35 8

13

33 3

65

43 58

47 55

30

2

2 60

6

28

26 57

6 2

13

30 43 23 2

2

15 21 23 17 21

70 21

9

70 30

24 25 38 28

23 21. 5

4

33 24

8

58 72

67 28 8 4

21 16

4 4 4 48

42 44 54 44

4 4 4

4

21 40 25 4 33 24 17 20 4 4

8

79 64 8 8

4 13 24

54 52 46 48

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Concomitance N £ause/Manner of Death

18** 50

34.5

52 33

31

2

90

4

4

77 21 2

31 60 8 2

13 23 27 29 8

81 10 2 8

69 31

Alilne In Comb.

Drug-Ihduced Drug-Related Rank in lOS

Suicide A~cld./Unexp. Unk, /~iO resp.

Deaths Deaths

N N

Age N N ~R~ac~e~ ______ ~N __ --=% ~S~ex~ __________ ~N~

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

White alack Other Unk./No resp.

"Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 108

Male Female

%

67 37

12

54

45

54 30 15

27 57 12 1

3

15 22 31 16 12

:i

81

19

61 37 1

j 1

I \

-, -----"<...........,~ .. ~----""""'<,.~-..~-====-::~'"':::::.':..~

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Le9al RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwi 11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 &. Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 &. Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White 8lack Other Unk./No resp •.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

1.221 2** 74 40 19

29 42 30

+ 52

5 +

42

49 25 13 1 1

15

32 52 12 2 + +

16 22 31 18 11 1 +

67 18 3

12

60 40 +

85

4

9

30 61 8

3

19 69 11 1

11 15 32 32 9

68 26 1 5

68 ~2

2**

32.5

TABLE 3.074 - Continued

12** 251 33 50 53 39

24.5 7 29

+

54 61

5 12 +

40 27

46 58 33 27 10 18 + 1

18 6

22 24 63 64 13 12 2 1

10 18 20 12 35 45 24 15 10 9 2

42 85 49 6 6 3 9

70 39 30 61

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

21 38

21

38

10

52

57 10 14 5

19

52 33 14

24 33 14 19 10

67 14

19

57 43

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

10** 30

19.5

29 45

28

66

34

48 17 28

3 7

31 52 17

7 38 31 14 10

69 3 3

24

55 45

46 54 65 33

16.5 13

2

76 56

2 6

22 37

57 59 39 9 9 20

2 11

2 33 63 50 26 9 7 6 2 2

19 2 19

43 35 28 11 22 13 4 4

67 80 11 4 2 2

20 15

74 44 26 56

32 142 28 36

26 20

2

3 1 38 42

3 4 3

53 52

38 52 38 9 16 15 3

1 6 25

41 40 41 46 16 13 3 1

31 17 9 33

25 25 22 15 13 10

66 81 19 5

1 16 13

59 57 41 43

"Speed" is a COllllion street name for stimUlants such as amphetamine, methamphetamine. and d-amphetamine. These are syn­thetic amines that exert a stimulating action on the central nervous system. Characteristics of the general amphetamine group frequently include tolerance effects. a potential for psychological dependence. and the absence of physical dependence.

109

i !II

..

.t t $

TABLE 3.08 - COCAINE

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SI1SA in Column Percentages - January·,December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

2,846 62 41 60

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

13

Stolen + Street buy 73 Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 25

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 40 Dependence 46 Suic.att./gest. 6 Unknow./Unwi11. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 10

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 13 20-29 59 30-39 22 40-49 5 50 I!o Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 5 18-20 13 21-25 32 26-30 26 31-44 21 45 & Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whih ~ 8lack 40 Other 6 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 67 Female 33 Unk./No resp. +

13

2 74

24

58 26 8

13

10 63 18 5 2 3

3 16 26 32 18 2 3

27 61

11

56 44

70 34

12

79

20

43 44 7 1

16

13 67 16 4

4 14 39 26 16 1

53 43

1 3

71 29

135 33

10

67

1 1

31

32 44 10

1 14

15 71 13 1

4 18 42 25 10 1

5f, 33 1

10

76 24

30 27

24

73

27

60 33 7

3 83 13

3 10 50. 27 10

57 30

3 10

73 27

142 34

15

60

2

38

54 39 2

1 24

18 58 20 4 1 1

6 18 28 25 20 1 1

33 51

5 11

67 33

NOTE: Multiple mentions are po~sible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroducti on

54 41

16

2 46

7

39 33 11

4 20

15 67 11 6 2

6 17 37 24 13 4

46 48

2 4

56 44

12** 33

30

64 58

13

59

3 2

38

70 11 11

2 11

16 75 8 2

6 9

44 31

9

45

5 50

53 47

131 36

16

73

2

24

26 56 7

2 10

8 66 18 6 1 1

3 11 36 28 18 3 1

36 47

18

71 27

2

17** 21 35 67

26.5 23

52

10

38

43 29 10

19

33 5? 10 5

14 19 43 14 10

71

29

67 33

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

Concomitance N Cause/Manner of Death

71 56

26

44

55

31 28 6

3 32

11 61 :24

3

4 11 42 17 24

56 24

3 17

69 31

494 50

5

90

67 29

3

+ 2

15 60 21 4 + +

5 13 36 23 19 2 +

41 45

5 10

57 43

No. of Mentions

141 Alone 41 29 Drug-lilduced Drug-Rel ated

Rank in TDS

13

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

10 82 38

In Comb.

N

40-49 7 50 & Over

58 Unk./No resp. 27

8 2 1

6 1 1

100 71

Race

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) ment i OilS 110

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

113 80 24 17 3 2 1 1

Deaths Deaths

N

14 66 26

Sex

Male Female

10 47 18

N

6 24

5

N

96 45

4 17 4

68 32

37 35

19

3 51

3

43

54 27 11

8

19 65 8 5

,3

11 16 46 14 11

3

78

3 19

59 41

I I

I ! No; of Mentions

Alone (%) 2,846 47

41 34 911 35

10** 50

TABLE 3.08 - Continued

8** 81 51 50 38 43

20 40

3** 67

Rank i~ TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

13 18 19 30 30 19 22.5 33

Legal RX Forged RX Stolen + Street buy 73

,Over-the-counter Gift 2 Other + Unk./No resp. 25

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 40 Dep'endence 46 SUic.att./gest. 6 Unknow./Unwi 11. + Other 1 Unk./No resp. 10

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 --

10-19 13 20-29 59 30-39 22 40-49 5 50 I!o Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 5 18-20 13 21-25 32 26-30 26 31-44 21 45 I!o Over 3 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 43 Black 40 Other 6 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 67 Female 33 Unk./No resp. +

87

13

47 49 2

2

11 64 21 4

4 15 28 38 15

53 47

72 28

+ 79

20

17 73 3

+ 8

7 54 28 8 2 +

3 8

25 30 29 5 +

29 53 10 8

71 29 +

52

4 1

43

51 25 2 1 1

25

23 4\! 31 4

10 16 27 17 28 1

42 48 1 9

72 28

76

12

12

63 37 8

31 51 16

8 31 24 20 16 2

82 10 8

57 43

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

70

30

20 50 10

20

30 35 25 5 5

10 25 20 10 30 5

65 25

10

70 30

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

57 46

17

68

30

35 32 14 2

21

12 63 23

2

19 40 16 23

2

68 18 5 9

68 32

73 46 56 28

7

77

1 1

21

66 26 8

1 4

10 51 27 8 3 1

3 14 23 32 22 5 1

51 16 10 23

75 25

18

57

2

41

65 17 17

2 7

7 65 24 4

4 7

39 30 17 2

65 17 4

13

70 30

86 113 47 35

12

1 53

2

43

35 44 9

12

17 60 19 2

9 13 38 20 17 1 1

60 28 1

10

67 33

27

50

2

49

42 27 21

2 13

22 51 22

3

2

10 19 27 22 21

2

72 15

13

64 35 1

Cocaine is a very strong ~t1mulant t? the central nervous system. The euphoria generated is short-lived and habitual users have been known to lnJect cocalne as often as every ten minutes. While tolerance and physical dependence are not known to develop, a psychological dependence does occur. Cocaine has become known as a social or "party" drug and lppears to be the drug of affluence.

III

06 r ...

, i i' l -; ! ;

..

TABLE 3.09 THERAPEUTIC CLASS· PSYCHOSTIMULANTS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

7,647 42

174 39

163 269 157 239 168 38

196 50

176 41

394 157 200 641 287 262 41 38 38 44 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Rank in TOS/SMSA 7

Source (%) Legal RX 60 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy 3 Over-the-counter 2 Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 13 Dependence 8 SUic.att./gest. 59 Unknow./Unwil1. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 19

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 13 20-29 36 30-39 27 40-49 14 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Groupi ng 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 8 21-25 18 u-~ H 31-44 31 45 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 71 Black 15 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

30 70 +

4

66

3' 1 5 1

26

13 ?

64

2 19

14 32 32 14 6 2

10 7

13 20 36 12 2

73 14 1

13

26 74

7

69

4 6 2 1

17

21 10 60

2 9

10 39 33 9 8

7 7

18 23 35 10

72 25 1 1

34 66

6

53 + 3 1 3 1 1

37

10 4

67

4 17

12 38 25 12 11 1

6 8

22 17 29 17 1

87 4 3 6

30 70

7

62

3 1 1 3

31

10 3

62

3 23

15 36 23 11 13 1

6 10 24 16 25 18 1

82 5 2

11

34 66

7

65

1 1 3 1

30

9 2

55

2 33

14 34 29 15 8

10 7

17 16 32 17

70 11 5

13

23 76 +

7

57

1 2 1 2 1

37

10 3

57

4 27

15 37 25 13 8 2

11 10 18 17 29 13 2

67 18 2

13

27 73 1

4

51

3 1 1 3

44

28 2

59

2 11

1 16 37 25 11 10

1 9

10 22 15 26 17

90 8 2 1

20 80

5

56 1 2

4 2

36

6 2

80

2 11

13 38 24 13 10 2

10 6

13 23 33 13 2

46 1 5

48

28 72

7

72 + 3 1 3 2

21

13 6

66

1 17

1 11 38 27 13 9 1

1 7 6

17 24 30 15 1

71 19 +

10

29 71 1

4

55

3

41

18 2

59

2 21

17 38 25 13 6

10 8

21 20 27 13

86 8 1 6

25 75

4

63

2 1 1 1 1

33

9 2

59

4 27

1 17 35 27 10 10 1

1 9

13 15 19 31 13 1

70 11 1

19

20 80 1

6

38

+ 1 +

60

10 7

46

2 36

11 37 25 16 9 1

6 7

17 21 32 16 1

54 26

3 16

29 71 1

7

84 + 2 1 2

12

31 8

55

1 10 33 28 20 9

1 4 9

15 18 35 18

62 15 7

15

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions· Demographics for Total DAWN System· January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

623

Rank in TDS

5

Age N

6-9 10-19 18 20-29 201 30-39 172

+less than 0.5%

40-49 3 50" Over

Concomi tance N. "_..! Alone In Comb.

N

100 16 132 21

Iii:;, 26 460 74

32 Unk. INo resp. 28

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Mam~p.r of Death

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N % N %

Suicide 320 51 9 1 Accid./Unexp. 94 15 Unk./No resp. 149 24

20 3. 31 5

~R~ac~e ____ ~N~~% ~Se~x~ _____ ~N~~%

White 486 78 Black 97 16 Other 27 4 Unk./No resp. 13 2

112

Male Felnale

232 37 391 63

4

76 + 2

8 +

13

11 1

76

1 12

18 38 24 11 9 +

11 11 21 16 26 15 +

80 1 1

18

24 76

, i

ILl

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

7,647 42

7

legal RX 60 Forged RX + S~lu 2 Street buy 3 Over- the-counter 2 Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 13 Dependence 8 SUic.att./gest. 59 UnknOl~./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 19

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 13 20.29 36 30-39 27 40-49 14 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping , 6-9 -- +

10-17 8 18-20 8 21-25 18 U-~ ~ 31-44 31 45 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 71 Black 15 Other 3 Unk.INo resp. 11

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

30 70 +

150 'l81 54 39

59 2 4 7 2 5

22

25 5

57

1 12

13 43 29 9 6 1

9 5

25 21 29 11 1

54 41 1 4

21 78 1

9

54 + 3 8 2 1

33

10 31 45

+ 15

9 41 25 12 11 1

5 7

21 21 28 16 1

65 18 7

10

39 60 +

84 50

4

75

2

19

19 1

61

4 17

13 37 24 20 5 1

10 7

18 17 38 10 1

83 15

25 75

TA8lE 3.09 - Continued

94 535 227 43 44 36

4

51

2

4 4

39

6 2

60

1 31

1 15 44 20 11 10

1 10 11 24 17 24 13

82 5 1

12

20 80

6

50

1 2 1 1 +

44

19 10 44 + 3

28

+ 11 30 29 17 13 1

+ 8 6

15 16 36 18 1

63 30 1 5

38 62

5

78

3 1 4 1

13

15 5

65

4 15

14 36 23 15 12 +

7 11 16 18 29 19 +

85 2 7 5

26 74

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

187 33

4

64

3

1 2 1

30

10 2

63

1 25

18 37 24 12 8 1

11 U 23 13 25 16 1

75 10

15

36 64

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

108 269 44 29

4

66

4 3 4 1

23

6

73

20

21 37 24 6 8 3

16 9

25 12 22 13 3

66 8

23 3

19 81

5

70

3 1 2 1

23

7 7

69 + 2

16

11 34 29 14 12 1

7 7

16 16 35 17 1

70 10 2

17

28 71 1

<,,,0'

175 218 172 1,164 45 39 44 45

29

53 1 2

15

13 54 34 1

3

2 47 31 13 6 1

1 5

15 35 31 11 1

41 49 2 9

59 4~

5

52

2 5 4 1 +

35

12 4

67

3 14

11 37 25 14 12

7 7

18 21 28 19

72 13 5

10

24 76

6 4

47 71 +

3 2 1 + 5 . 2

1 +

44 23

8 10 3 2

79 69

1 2 10 19

1 14 15 37 33 24 28 14 14 10 10 1 1

1 9 9 ) 9

18 17 16 17 30 32 17 16 1 1

63 82 22 6 2 1

13 11

27 73

27 73 +

The therapeutic class of psychostimulants includes products used as mood elevators and. analeptics separate and apart from amphetami ne products. Cli nically. psychostimul ants are used for the treatment of depression.

113

Ii : \

i ( 1\

1 i ~i i j

I' , \

I l

TABLE 3.091 - METHYLPHENIDATE

Emergency Room Mentions - Oemographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (")

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (") Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk,/No resp.

t~ot1vlltion (") Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unw1l1. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (") DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & OVer Unk./No resp.

456 47

38

Age (") CODAP Group1ng 6-9 -- +

10-17 B 18-20 4 21-25 15 26-30 26 31-44 36 45 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. '+

Race (") Wh1te 32 Black 59 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 8

Selt (") Male 56 Female 44 Unk ./No re~p. +

It .. Ill

J> ..... ~ ~ ;; ~ 't t:/J'

4** 4** 25 25

39 40

~ ~ ,,0 ~ ,,'"

,,-'" {! ",Ill ~ § ~ "Ill ~ tJ ~ qj

5** 1** 10** 8** 60 50 38

41 41 35.5 37.5

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and mot1vation.

*See Introduction

~ {; .~

.. 0 ~ .;; if: c3' jJ c::; c::;

..... '" ~ JJ " ~ () q;; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ ~ 0'" ~ " ~ " 3** 5** 15** 4** 8** 83 8**

33 20 33 50 3B 63 38

40.5 39 36.5 38.5 33.5 23 39

11

89

6 46 12

36

8 35 35 12 7 2

8 2 7

28 40 12 2

13 75 1

11

51 49

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

7**

Rank. in TDS

34

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 .. Over Unk./No resp.

N

4 57 3 43

Race

White Black Other Un~./No resp.

**Percenhges for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 114

-_...-------"-

Cause/Manner of Death

Su1c1de Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N "

Drug- Induced Deaths

N "

Sex

Male Female

Drug-Rel ated Deaths

N "

N %

:...,,'-?

~ <Z'

1:;'

~r

5** 20

36

* \,

TABLE 3.091 - Continued

~ <.5" ~

'? ~ ..... "" ~ rJ ~ ~ () ,,~ It ~ ~ <Z' t< ..... '" § ~

~ .§'

~'" " ,I ~ 1\;- ;:' ~ ~ bill ........ d> ~ .... <Ii ..... '" ....111 c::; ",0 ,,'ti jJ " ~ <::) .:: \~" .... 'ti ~

~o .... 7 :I :I ; ~ ..... ~ ~

No. of Mentions 456 9** 5** 2** 1** 97 Alone (") 47 40 100 100 36

Rnnk in TDS/SMSA 38 37 41.5 32.5 40.5 27 Source (")

Legal RX 19 4 Forged RX Stolen 2 Street buy 28 12 O\'~r-the-counter Gift 3 7 Other + 1 Unk./No resp. 49 75

Mot1vation (") Psych1c effects 24 44 Dependence 45 39 SUic.att./gest. 16 6 Unknow./Unw111. 1 1 Other 1 1 Unk./No resp. 18 24

Age (") DAWN Grouping 6-9- +

10-19 10 2 20-29 36 25 30-39 34 46 40.49 13 22 50 «. Over 6 5 Unk./No resp. + Age (") CODAP Grouping

6-9 -- + 10-17 8 1 18-20 4 1 21-25 15 13 26-30 26 22 31-44 36 52 45 & Over 10 11 Unk./No resp. +

Race (") White 32 7 Black 59 90 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 8 3

Sex (") Male 56 70 Female 44 30 Unk./No resp. +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

*·Percentages for demograph1cs not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0,5"

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

3** 67

39

.... ., 4**

36

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

~ ~ ~ '? '? '?

B** 107 25 56

36.5 4

1 2

19 36 35 8

24 64 2 9

63 37

<Z' '?

29 41

28

10

38

52

52 24 21

3

7 41 41

10

7 3

17 38 24 10

52 38 7 3

41 59

~

6** 22 83 55

38 40

55 -9

9

27

9 9

64

18

32 14 36 5

14

27 5

14 5

36 14

" 73 14

14

41 59

Methylphenidate 1s a mild cor-t1cal st1mulant that differs chemically from central nervous system stimulants S!lch as the amphetamines, but resembles them in numerous pharmacological respects. It is often prescribed as an antide­pressant or as a "diet drug". This drug tends to have a euphoric effect on the use'r. Chronic abuse can lead to marked tolerance and psychic dependence with varying degrees of abnol'1Ml behavior. Frank psychotic episodes and severe depression can occur.

115

,4l'tt ..

"'~ I~', I

• ' I, I

I, jJ

" I: V

Ii "

Ii

! ,

J

, ;;.d.

..

TABLE 3.092 - AMITRIPTYLINE

Emergeney Room, Ment Ions - Demographl cs by 5M5A I n Co I umn Percentages - January-December 1979

* ~ ,.j> ;"'0"> ..... 0 ~ 'q;'" ","',f;

...... 'f)t::: .::; "" ~'f1 ';...CJ q; ~ ..\:

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

~ .tj ...... 0' ~ ~ ~ ~ ,g ~o "(' q,'" Qj Qj '-i <" <;:j <;:j

--~----~--~---~~---=--~~--~--~58~~15;8--~5R8~-a.89~~222e6~-lU1A4--11~200~ 3,297 78 91 144 84 4 82 ~53 ~~ 38 35 34 43 46 32 37 39 37 30 35 38 1

Rank in TDS/SM5A

Source (%)

9 8 8 8 11 20 12 5 • 14 12 5 12 8 18 6

le9al RX Forged RX 5to len Street buy Over- the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Motiv~tian (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping

63 + 3 3

1 +

:n

12 8

59

2 20

6-9 +

71

5 1

23

13 3

67

3 17

10-19 11 17 20-29 36 24 30-39 27 31 40-49 14 15 SO &. Over 10 9 Unk./No resp. 1 4

Age (%) CODA? Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 7 15 18-20 7 1 21-25 18 12 26-30 19 19 31-44 31 35 45 &. Over 17 14 Unk. /No resp. 1 4

Race (%) White 71 76 Black 14 14 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 11 10

Sex (%) Male 30 Female 70 Unk./No resp. +

23 77

65

5 11

18

23 16 55

1 10

51 1 4 2

2

40

8 4

69

3 16

5 B 38 40 37 25 10 13 9 12

2

4 6 2 4

16 22 26 19 37 28 13 18

2

64 85 34 6 1 3 1 6

31 69

32 68

62

4

33

11 1

62

2 24

18 32 23 17 11

5 14 23 12 27 19

83 6

11

37 63

66

2

30

11 2

51

4 33

9 39 29 12 11

6 5

17 20 32 21

72 11 4

13

23 76 1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

65

2

2 32

8 3

54

5 30

45

4 2

2

48

32 2

47

2 17

71

29

5 2

72

3 19

72 1 4

3

21

9 4

70

1 16

1 1 14 16 10 11 30 39 38 33 30 20 29 30 13 13 10 13 6 12 10 12 6 2 1

1 1 8 a 7 7

10 12 5 6 19 22 10 17 11 13 26 20 32 21 40 34 14 23 10 15 6 2 1

67 91 50 66 22 6 23 333 1 8 47 10

30 68 2

22 78

24 76

30 70

50

2

48

16 2

59

3 24

14 34 29 19 3

7 7

19 17 33 17

84 9

31 69

63

34

11 3

57

3 25

45

+

53

11 2

53

3 31

1B 11 31 36 28 27 12 19 9 8 1 +

10 5 11 6 13 16 19 22 30 34 15 16 1 +

70 61 12 19

4 18 17

18 81 1

31 69 +

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions N 01 Cause/Manner of Death' Concomi~",t::.:.an:.=.ce=---,-,_...;.."

BS 1 2 1

11

36: 5

52

1 6

5 37 31 23 4

3 7

19 18 37 17

33 67

407

Rank in TDS

3

,~lone In Comb.

lOB 299

27 73

Drug-I nduced Deaths

Drug-Related Deaths

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

10 133 112

+less than O.S%

%

40-49 2 50 & Over

33 Unk./No resp. 28

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

N

67 85

%

16 21

N %

Suicide 176 43 Acc1d./Unexp. 61 15 Unk./No resp. 123 30

Race N

White 297 Bl ack 73 Other 25 Unk./No resp. 12

116

%

73 18 6 3

Sex

Male Female

N

8 12 27

N

169 23B

%

2 3 7

, .. 42 58

83

3

13

10 1

75

1 13

15 34 24 15 11 1

8 10 1fl 15 28 19 1

78 2 2

18

24 76

",

I I

I r

I i I

'I !

, 1. I ~

No. of Mentions Alone (X)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

3,297 39

9

legal RX 63 Forged RX + Shl~ 3 Street buy 3 Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 12 Dependence 8 SUlc.att./gest. S9 Unknow./Unwi1l. Other 2 Unk./No resp. 20

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 - +

10-H! 11 20-2!1 36 30-39 27 40-49 14 SO &. Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9- +

10-17 7 18-20 7 21-25 18 26-30 19 31-44 31 45 &. OVer 17 Unk./No rasp. 1

Race (%) Whi te 71 Black 14 Other 4 Unk./NO resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 30 Female 70 Unk./No resp. +

57 61

16

58 4 4 2

S

28

21

65

14

19 46 21 12 2

14 9

21 25 23 9

51 44 2 4

25 75

513 34

14

49 + 2

11

37

11 34 38

+ 19

8 45 25 11 10 2

4 6

22 25 27 14 2

S8 22 9

11

44 56 +

38 61

7

76

3

3

18

13

74

5 11

16 32 24 24 5

11 8

21 8

45 8

82 18

21 79

TABLE 3.092 - Continued

28 188 32 43

8.5 12

39

4

61

4 57

4 36

14 36 25 7

18

11 4

21 14 32 18

82 7

11

18 82

61

2 1

37

14 4

51

3 29

1 12 28 23 18 18 1

1 8 6

14 14 33 24 1

73 18 2 7

31 69

87 41

10

84

2

2

11

11 3

69

3 17

11 33 28 15 13

7 6

15 21 31 21

85 1 8 6

23 77

83 40

5

60

S

2 1

31

8 2

60

1 28

12 39 25 14 B 1

8 6

27 13 28 17 1

73 12

14

35 65

S4 122 43 28

4.5 7

69 72

2 6

2

22

7

72

20

20 31 26 9 7 6

19 6

17 15 26 13 6

67 6

26 2

24 76

3 1

24

3 6

72

2 17

7 30 32 17 14

6 5

14 15 39 21

71 7 1

20

28 72

32 28

23

69

6

25

16 3

78

6

3 50 22 13 6 6

9 9

34 31 9 6

78 16

6

56 44

---------------------------------------------------------------------NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

77 3B

9

65

4

30

9

70

5 16

6 39 17 19 18

4 4

21 19 22 30

77 9 9 5

18 82

79 479 3B 47

13 7

54 75 + 2 +

1 +

43 22

5 9 3 2

B6 66

2 6 22

+ 9 13

39 32 24 29 18 13 9 11 1 1

+ 8 7 5 9

22 16 15 17 33 32 16 17 1 1

67 80 19 7 1 1

13 12

23 26 77 74

+

Amitriptyline, a psych()~timulant onen prescribed as an antidepressant, diffet's from most other antidepressants, such as the amphetamines, in that it does not stimulate the central nervous syst~m. This drug may enhance the response to alcohol and the effects of barbiturates and other central nervous system depressants.

117

••

I I

~

TABLE 3.093 - AMITRIPTYLINE COMBINATIONS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Me~ti ons 1,842 Alone (%) 46

Rank in TOS/SMSA 22

Source (%) Legal RX 67 Forged RX ~ ~tolen , Street b~y + Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 30

Motivation (%l Psychic effects 13 Dependence 4 SUic,att,/gest. 62 Unknow./Unwi11. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 21

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 12 20-29 37 30-39 27 40-49 14 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Age (~) CODAP Groupin9 6-9 -- +

10-17 7 18-20 8 21-25 19 26-30 18 31-44 31 45 8. Over 16 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 75 Black 12 Other 3 Unk./tlo resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 24 Female 75 Unk. /No resp. +

45 49

16

64

36

13

60

27

40 58

19

85

15

20 3

68

3 8

7 15 36 40 38 25 20 10

10

4 8 7 15

13 13 22 23 40 33 13 10

67 93 18 8 2

13

24 38 76 63

40 42 43 45

26.5 20

50 67

2 2

50 29

13 7 5 5

65 64

20 24

18 28 25 13 15 3

8 10 18 15 25 23

3

93

5 3

25 75

7 52 26 5

10

5 2

31 26 26 10

81 5 7 7

33 67

69 42

23

68

32

7 1

61

1 29

16 23 33 25

3

10 10 9

14 41 16

71 1

13 14

17 83

'"

41

50

62

29

65 66

8

55

2

43

28

68

2 5

9 14 M 40 li6 28 112 11 9 8

6 8 3 8

ll2 28 l5 17 ~12 28 1.2 12

;74 88 18 11 3 6 2

~8 12 82 88

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation."

~See Introduction

45 116 49 42 203 105 47 35 43 45 51 41

20 18 13.5 15.5 10 19

69 80 59 67 39 87

7 4 5 1 2 +

2 2

22 19 37 24 60 11

7 16 18 10 26 2 3 2 1 7

82 68 55 67 49 61

2 2 5 1 1 7 18 24 24 39 6

7 33 31 16 11 2

4 7

16 16 40 16 2

51 2 2

44

24 76

5 20 37 35 30 27 16 10 9 8 2

4 6 4 16

17 14 22 20 34 33 16 10 2

79 90 16 4

2 4 4

31 18 68 82 1

17 38 26 10 10

10 17 19 14 31 10

71 5

24

29 71

11 42 25 13

9 +

5 7

23 21 28 15 +

57 24 4

15

17 82

1

2 10 30 23 21 15

2 5 6

10 23 32 22

53 18 9

20

30 70

Medical Examiner Mentions - Dem09raphics for 1rotal DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

3**

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

38.5

N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 8. Over Unk./No resp.

N

N %

1 33 2 67

Race

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

"Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5"

-Denotes zero (0) ment ions 11:S

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N %

'l\~, r

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

Sex

Male Female

N

N

40 38

17

78

23

10

73

3 20

15 20 40 10 15

10 5 3

25 38 20

85

15

20 80

I TA8LE 3.093 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (")

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%)

1,842 46

22

Legal RX 67 Forged RX Hol~ 2 Street buy + Over-the-counter Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 30

Motivation (") Psych i c effects 13 Dependence 4 Suic.att./gest. 62 Unknow./Unwill. Other 1 Unk./No resp. 21

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 12 w-n 37 30-39 27 40-49 14 50 8. Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 7 18-20 8 21-25 19 26-30 IB 31-44 31 45 8. OVer 16 Unk./No resp. +

Race (") White 75 Black 12 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (") Male 24 Female 75 Unk./No resp. +

56 55

17

68

5 2

5

20

20 2

66

2 11

9 39 34 9 7 2

7 2

27 16 34 13 2

52 41 2 5

18 82

89 58

29

71

3

25

4 3,3 54

9

6 44 20 11 19

3 8

22 20 19 27

81 11 2 6

35 65

18** 41 44 41

13.5 5

59

2

5

34

10

59

32

2 22 37 20 12 7

2 15 15 20 15 22 12

83 2

15

24 76

133 57

22

66

34

12 -5 49

2 33

1 14 36 25 12 12

1 11 6

19 17 29 17

77 19 1 4

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

59 31

15

78

3 3

2

14

24 8

59

15

12 41 15 22 10

5 14 25 8

31 17

85 5 7 3

17 83

**Parcentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

37 16

13

59

3

3

35

11 3

68

22

22 43 24

5 5

5 24 24 14 24 8

86 3

11

30 70

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

23 45 43 24

9.5 21

57 80

13 2

2

30 16

4 7 9

70 64

4 26 16

22 7 43 38 26 20 4 13 4 20

2

9 2 13 9 39 22 4 11

26 29 9 24

2

57 64 22 16 22 4

1(;

17 22 83 73

4

9** 35 11 49

33.5 24

60

3

3 34

3 74

3 20

6 29 40 11 14

3 11 9

17 40 20

77 3

20

11 B9

38 42

22

58

5

37

5 3

84

8

13 34 29 11 13

8 5

21 16 34 16

63 32

24 76

324 47

11

75

+

22

11 2

69

2 17

15 35 27 16 7

9 9

19 18 32 13

86 4 1 9

25 75 +

Entries in this category usually combine an antidepressant (amitriptyline) with either an antianxiety agent, such i~S chlordiazepoxide, or an antipsychotic agent, such as perphenazine. Both contlinations are Useful in the treatment I)f patients with moderate to severe anxiety and depression. Side effects are drowsiness or dizziness.

119

• i \ ! ,

,1/' -,

I i

l '.

11[13 IILI It Lt,'

TABLE 3.10 - THERAPEUTIC CLASS - CANNABIS

Emergencx Room ffentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons Alone (:t)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

5,369 28

8

Stolen + Street buy 68 Over-the-counter Gift 6 Other + Unk./No rasp. 25

Motivation (:t) Psychic effects 56 Dependence 29 Suic.att./gest. 5 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk. /No resp. 11

Age (:t) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 39 20-29 43 30-39 14 40·49 4 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10.17 24 18-20 21 21-25 26 26-30 13

,'U-44 14 .:,~ & Over 2 Unk. /No resp. +

Race (%) White 54 Black 32 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 6B Female 32 Unk./No resp. +

95 26

3 41

3 2

51

68 9 3

2 20

43 44 6 4 1 1

21 32 26 11 8 1 1

59 32

9

72 28

170 19

6

58

27 1

15

74 16 4

4 9

Z9 42 22

5 1 1

22 14 21 17 22 4 1

51 49

7fJ 22

165 27

8

74

25

62 19 12 1 2 8

34 55 8 2 1 1

18 23 32 18 8 1 1

69 27 2 1

62 37 1

245 42

5

51

4

44

83 11 5 1

+ 41 47 10 1

+

+ 24 24 29 12 9 + +

66 24 2 8

74 26

225 41

8

51

4

45

60 12 6

3 26

40 44 13 2 + 1

25 20 27 13 13 1 1

47 36 7

10

67 33

172 47

6

37

5

60

57 8 5 1 1

32

54 39 6

36 23 28 8 5

63 24 1

13

65 35

26 15

11

31

15

54

77

15

4 4

50 50

46 12 42

65 27 4 4

73 27

63 27

11

54

10 2

37

78 5 5

5 11

41 41 11 5

2

33 17 19 14 14

2

24

2 75

60 40

713 36

5

87

1 + it

29 61

4 + 1 7

31 52 14 2 + 1

14 25 32 16 12 1 1

34 59 + 7

74 26

88 32

7

9 2

41

73 9 3 2 2

14

58 36

5

40 25 25 7 2 1

. ,82 13

6

60 38

2

56 30

10

34

2

64

55 14 9

23

54 29 13 5

34 25 20 7

11 4

64 20

16

64 34 2

168 26

9

1 55

3

41

51 4 5

1 39

1 38 46 14 2 1

1 22 23 32 11 11 1

55 20 6

20

65 35

565 24

4

82

13

5

81 16 1

+ 2

39 48 10

3 1

23 23 29 15 9 2

51 27 7

14

67 33

NOTE: Multiple mentions are po~sible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December' 1979

No. of Mentions

23

Rank in TDS

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

11

N

6 12 3

+Less than 0.5%

COllcomi tance N

Alone In Comb.

N

40-49 26 50 & Over 52 Unk./No resp. 13

4 4

5 22 18 78

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N N

Suicide 2 9 3 13 Accid./Unexp. 2 9 16 70, Unk.gl0 resp.

Race N % =cSe::.:x'--_____ .:.:N_--:;;%

White 19 83 Male 20 87 8lack 4 17 Female 3 13 Other Unk./No resp.

120

98 17

9

69

1 1

29

64 19 11

2 8

47 41 9 1

2

29 29 19 12 9

2

82 2

16

73 27

f

TABLE 3,10 - Continued

No. of ~Ient ions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over-the-counter Gift Othel' Llnk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP GrouPing 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 &,Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Llnk./No resp.

5,369 28

8

+ 68

6 +

25

56 29 5 + 1

11

+ 39 43 14 4 1 +

+ 24 21 26 13 14 2 +

54 32 5 9

68 32 +

S8 1,421 32 17

8

82

16

63 26 7

29 54 13 3

12 26 32 15 13 1

44 51

4

79 21

5

+ 83

7 +

10

42 48 3 + + 7

34 3fj 21 7 1 +

23 16 20 14 23 4 +

51 34 10 5

68 32 +

4** 22 25 64

11 11

64

32

59 14 14

14

64 32 5

41 27 23

9

77 9

14

41 59

294 41

8

+ 48

6

46

53 13 9 + +

27

49 41 6 3

31 26 26 9 7 1

73 22 1 4

61 38 +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for sOUrce and motivation.

*See Introduction

51 31

12

67

10

24

82 14

2 4

43 39 14 4

22 27 22 14 1E:

59 24 10 8

55 45

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

30 27

11

43

7

50

61 10 3

20

47 43 10

30 23 23 17 7

40 27

33

57 43

4** 88 25 20

12 10

1 75

23

75 5 6 1 2

11

39 47 14 1

25 24 25 15 11

42 33

5 20

64 36

71 76 41 18

9 10

58 42

6

37 57

87 75 6 3 6 12

3 3 3 9

17 45 45 33 32 13 6 5

4

8 36 13 17 28 16 21 13 30 11

8

61 71 15 12 4 5

20 12

80 58 20 42

143 248 36 31

9 11

1 39 43

13 3 +

48 52

57 63 27 10 5 8 1 + 3 2

11 19

45 46 45 44 8 7 1 2

+ 1

32 28 19 25 24 28 19 10 6 7

1 1

40 76 41 10 1 2

17 13

62 65 38 35

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Cannabis is a general term for the flowering or fruitin t ~~d seeds, which are taken for hallucinogenic effects 9Ua o~f ~f the hemp pl~nt, the leaves, and sometimes the stems

h de most po~ent product in this classification. The P'Sych~ac~i' a nabmte applled to the resin exuded by the plant, is y rocannablnol s (THe). ve su s ances in the cannabis plant are the tetra-

121

,i

I

.' i it

.~.J{

...

-TABLE 3.101 - 1-lAi': IAilA

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Alone (%)

Rank in TOS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stol en , Street buy Over-the-counter Gift other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwll1. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-q9 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

4.555 25

+ 71

+ 22'

55 31 5 + 1

10

+ 37 42 15 4 1 +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-20 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sell (%)

+ 24 20 24 14 15 2 +

50 35 5 9

Male 68 Female 32 Unk./No resp. +

55 160 131 143 190 27 19 25 32 38

14

2 42

4

53

67 11 2

24

40 42 9 5 2 2

24 27 24 11 11 2 2

49 38

13

78 22

4

58

28 1

14

75 17 4

4 8

29 41 23 6 1 1

21 14 21 17 23

4 1

48 52

1

78 22

11

7,6

23

64 18 10

3 8

32 54 10 2 1 1

17 21 30 21 10 1 1

69 28

3

65 34

1

5

45

4

51

8~ 9 8 1

4

1 45 41 11 1

1 27 23 26 11 10 1 1

73 20 1 5

74 26

11

53

3

44

69 13 7

3 26

42 41 14 2 1

26 22 24 13 15 1

43 41 8 9

65 35

NOTE: Multiple, menti,ons are pOl!sible for s,ource and motivation.

*See Introduction

96 40

7

35

3

63

68 4 3

27

57 33 8

39 24 20 10 6

64 26

10

63 38

21 14

20

29

19

52

76

19

5

52 48

48 10 43

57 33

5 5

67 33

57 26

15

56

11

33

79 5 4

5 11

39 42 12 5

2

30 18 19 16 16

2

23

77

65 35

581 ' 33

4

92

2 + 6

22 70 4 1 1 4

30 52 15 2 + +

13 24 32 17 12 1 +

25 69

1 5

74 26

60 27

10.5

43

8 3

45

n B 2 3 3

15

62 32 5

2

45 23 18 10 2 2

77 15

8

51 42 2

39 23

17

28

72

62 13 8

21

56 26 10 8

:iii 21 21

13 5

61 is

i8

62 36

3

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-D~cemberj9i9,

No. of Mentions Concomitance N % Cause/Manner of Death "

153 25

16

1 56

3

39

52 ., 5

1 39

1 37 46 15 1 1

.1 21 23 31 11 12 1

56 21

i~

63 37

497 23

4

82

15

3

82 16 1

+ 1

38 49 9 3 1

24 22 29 15 9 2

49 29 8

14

67 33

20

Rank in TDS

Alone 4 20 Drug~tRlillce!l Drug-Related In Comb. 16 80 Deaths Deaths

.., lL, Iill ilN'.

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

30.5

N %

40-49 5 25 50 & Over

11 55 Unk./No resp. 3 15

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

N

5

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Race N %

White 17 85 Black 3 15 Other Unk./No resp.

122

N, i

Sex

1 2

Male Female

5 10

,N

2 15

10 75

N %

17 85 3 15

M$

93 17

9

69

1 1

29

65 20 12

2 6

46 41 10 1

2

28 29 18 13 10

2

81 2

17

73 27

, !Ii2 L, iJIJiL

.f f

I

I II

~ I ! I I I I ! j

j

I ,j

I I 1 'r

J TABLE 3.101 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

4.555 25

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

7

Shl~ + Street buy 71

,Over-the-counter Gift 7 Other + Unk./No resp. 22

Motivation (%) Psychic effects '55 Dependence 31 SUic.att./gest. 5 UnknoW./Unwill. + Other 1 Unk./No r~~p. 10

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

lO'-19 37 20"29 42 30-39 15 40-49 4 50 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 24 18-20 20 21-25 24 26-30 14 31-44 15 45 &. ,Over 2 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 50 Black, 35 Other' 5 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 68 Female 32 Unk./No resp. +

58 1.38B 4** 13** 207 34 17 25 62 32

15

88

2

10

62 29 7

7

33 52 12 3

12 29 28 17 12 2

38 57

81 19

5 27.5 23

+ 84

7 + 9

42 49 3 + + 6

34 ~6 22 7 1 +

-23 16 20 14 24 4 +

50 35 10 4

69 31 +

11

52

7 -41

55 16 8 + +

22

44 42 9 5

31 20 25 12 11 2

64 31 1 3

61 39 +

NOTE: MUltijile m,entions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

46 33

21

65

9 -26

80 15

2 4

46 35 15 4

-24 28 20 11 17

63 20 9 9

59 41

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

30 27

16.5

43

50

67 >\0

:3

20

47 43 10

-30 23 23 17 7

40 27

33

57 43

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

3** 85 33 20

33 8

1 75

22

75 5 6 1 2

11

36 48 14 1

24 24 26 1~ 12

41 34 5

20

62 38

69 41

8

51

6

38

87 6 6

3 3

17 46 30 6

9 13 29 22 28

59 16 4

20

81 19

67 15

12

45

54

78 3 9

3 9

45 31 13 6 4

34 18 15 13 10 9

69 13 4

13

60 40

139 37

8

38

14

48

56 27 5 1 3

12

45 46 9 1

-32 19 24 19 6

39 42 1

18

6U 40

Marijuana (marihuana) is the COlllnon name for a group of plants of the genus Cannabis. It is used primarily for psychic effects as a mild halluCinogenic or eUphoriant. Marijuana use does not result in physical dependence. Psychological dependence is thought to develop only after extremely heavy Use.

123

170 22

18

1 44

3

52

64 11 8

2 17

46 42 7 2 1 1

-28 24 26 11 8 1 1

73 12 2

13

68 32

I (

..

- ; ill.. P

TABLE 3.102 - HASHISH

Emergencx Room Mentions - Demographics bX SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/ SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

814 47

32

40 25

20

Stolen + 5 Street buy 55 40 Over-the-counter Gift 4 3 Other + 5 Unk./No resp. 41 48

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 62 70 Dependence 14 8 Sul!;,att./gest. Ii 5 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 1 5 Unk./No resp. 20 15

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9-

10-19 44 48 20-29 48 48 30-39 7 3 40-49 1 3 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 25 18 18-20 28 38 21-25 32 30 26-30 9 10 31-44 5 5 45 & Over + Unk. /NO resp. 1

Race (%) 73 White 73 Black 14 23 Other 2 Unk./No resp. 11 5

10** 34 30 32

35 29

102 35 55 57

7.5 29

76 57

10

68 60 43 38

567

32 35 51 57

53 84 63 43 21 15 9 12 18 1 8 311

6 1 9 7 26 38

~1 36 29 50 56 55 57 46

893 1

3 6

21 20 20 33 32 25 11 21 38 34 46 38 6 14 14 4

833

3 6

71 56 71 62 24 30 11 21

231 6 12 14 16

5"* 6** 132 20 33 52

38 36.G 15

28 43

19

66 57

11

33 32

58 75 23 11

" 7 1

18 11

39 50 51 46 8 4 1

2

19 29 32 29 30 39 11 8 4

2

75 93 12 7

13

17** 15** 68 47 40 31

26.5 37 28

84

15

79 16

4

46 43 10 1

22 32 25 15 6

69 12 4

15

Sex (%) 66 Male Female 33

63 38

53 47

7~,

26 74 26

67 33

73 27

68 29

4

68 32

Unk./No resp. +

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

3**

Rank in TDS

38.5

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

Concomitance N %

Alone 1 33 In Comb. 2 67

N

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race

White 8lack Other Unk./No resp.

)

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 124

CaUse/Manner of Death

Drug- Induced Orug-Rel ated

N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Deaths Deaths

N

Sex

Male Female

N

N

%

%

5** 20

36

, , ,

! I I j

I '/

I II " '1

i

I I 1

r

I I

TABLE 3.102 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy

. Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp.

Moti vat; on (%) Psychic effects Dependence Su;c.att./gest. Unknow. /Unwi 11. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%) DAWN GrOUping 6-9-

10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9--

10-17 18-20 21-25 26-30 31-44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%) White B1 ack Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%) Male Female Unk./No resp.

814 47

32

+ 55

4 +

41

62 14 6 + 1

20

-44 48 7 1

25 28 32 9 5 + 1

73 14 2

11

66 33 +

10** 33 20 39

35.5 36

70

15

15

52 24 6

18

-45 36 18

24 24 27 15 9

73 12

15

55 45

9** 87 67 63

28.5 28

-1

37

60

47 5

10

38

59 41

30 40 28 2

94

1 5

62 38

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

5** 20

37

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

1** 3** 2** 9** 33 50 44

38 41.5 39.5 36.5

4** 78 51

40 31

41

4 1

54

60 9 9 1 3

22

-46 46 6

27 26 32 9 5

82 5

13

59 41

Hashish is the name of the resin extracted from the marijuana plant. It is conSidered to be six to eight times as potent as marijuana. The tolerance potential of hashish is very slight. and phYsical dependence is said not to occur. However. psychological dependence may dev~Jop with prolonged. excessive use.

125

.~"". "'. ~~~-=~~,.~ .,--..,...,," .... .,. """,,·""""-'-r_,<~--.....~_,.,. ,;,)

I l

..

TABLE 3.11 - THERAPEUTIC CLASS - HALLUCINOGENS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demo~raphlcs by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Hentions 8.379 Alone (%) 64

Rank in TOS/SMSA 6

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen + Street buy 4~ Over-the-counter + Gift 4 Other 1 Unk. /No resp. 46

Motivation (';) Psychic effects 56 Oependence 12 SUic.att./gest. 5 Unknow./Unwll1. 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 26

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

w-a ~ 20-29 50 30-39 9 40-49 1 50 & Over + Unk./No resp.· 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 ~() 18-20 26 21-25 30 26-30 14 n.« 8 45 & Over 1 Unk. /No resp. 1

Race (%) White 54 Black 31 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 71 Female 28 Unk./No resp. +

44 50

55

2

43

59 2

14

25

30 64 5

16 27 39 14 2

2

80 16 2 2

73 27

215 58

5

+ 68

3 +

27

74 14 5 1 1

11

48 43 7 1 + +

23 31 26 13 6 + +

82 16 + 2

67 33

159 35

9

57

4 3

37

53 13 14 3 3

16

43 50 6 1

29 21 34 9 6

82 13 1 5

69 31

281 60

3

1 58

3 1

37

78 11 5

2 8

36 58

5 1 + +

20 24 34 17 4 1 +

68 19 1

12

75 25

686 63

5

45

3 1

Sl

52 10 6 2 1

35

41 52

5 1 + 1

23 27 33 11 5 1 1

65 17 7

10

69 31

248 71

4

42

3

54

59 6 7 1 2

29

59 38

1 1

34 32 23 8 2

79 9 2

10

71 29

41 63

10

17

78

59 20

5

7 10

56 39 2

2

22 46 24 2 2 2

76 20 2 2

73 27

119 61

8

1 47

3 1

48

82 4 6 1 3

10

57 31 10 2

32 32 19 7 9 1

43 1 5

51

66 34

393 51

8

66

4 1

30

52 26 8 1 2

13

+ 46 4~ 6 +

+ 27 26 30 11 6

75 13 1

11

72 28 +

130 68

5

1 34

8 1

57

68 5 3

1 26

54 38 8

32 27 30 7 5

85 6

9

77 23

101 2.215 59 84

5 2

+ 38 29

4 2 4 +

54 69

64 48 6 2 7 3 2 + 2 +

20 47

+ 51 26 44 56 2 13 2 2

1 2

+ 28 11 31 24 31 33 7 17 3 11

1 2

74 31 10 56 2 3

14 10

67 72 33 28

+

278 54

8

86

4 1 9

85 10 3 +

2

+ 42 50 6 1 +

+ 18 34 28 15 5 +

74 12 5

10

76 24

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

)19

Rank in TDS

7

Age N %

6-9 40-49 10-19 14 12 50 & OVer

Concomitance N %

Alone 57 48 In Comb. 62 52

N

6 3

5 3

20-29 79 66 Unk./No resp. 30-39 17 14

+Less than 0.5%

·Denctes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Race N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

White 67 56 81 ack 47 39 Other 5 4 Unk./No resp.

126

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

4 3 46 39 1210

Sex

Male Female

N

11 9 37 31 9 8

N

99 83 20 17

203 42

5

+ 61

3 +

35

78 12 6

1 5

35 57 5 + + 1

20 29 31 14 5 + 1

69 + 2

29

74 26

TABLE 3.11 - Continued

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

8,379 165 1.399 64 73 54

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

6

Shl~ + Street buy 49 Over-the-counter + Gift 4 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 46

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 56 Dependence 12 SUic.att./gest. 5 Unknow./Unwill. 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 2G

Age (%) ~ Grouping 6-9 +

10-19 38 20-29 50 30-39 9 40-49 1 50 & Over + Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 20 M-W U 21-25 30 26-30 14 31-44 8 45 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 54 Black 31 Other 4 Unk./NO resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 71 Female 28 Unk./No resp. +

6

87

1 1

11

83 12 2

4

26 61 9 2

14 21 39 15 10 1 1

44 53

2

66 33 1

7

+ 66 + 5 1

28

39 33

3 + 1

25

40 49 9 2 1 1

21 26 30 13 8 1 1

43 44 7 6

72 28 +

12** 53 291 67 66 59

9 6.5 9

34 2 4

62

60 8

17

15

42 51 2

6

21 26 38 9

6

64 8 4

25

60 40

31 + 4 +

64

40 10 8 1 1

41

48 41 7 2 + 1

30 29 25 8 6 1 1

81 16 1 2

69 31

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

"Percentages for demographics not computed due to smali numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

141 55

60

22 1

18

80 9 3 1 2 7

45 40 11 2 1 1

20 28 27 11 11 1 1

58 24 13 4

70 30

51 49

39

8

55

63 4 4

29

53 41 6

20 49 16 10 6

57 14

29

69 31

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

16** 219 69 53

10 7

77

4 1

19

77 9 4 2 2 7

38 50 8 2

17 26 32 15 8 1 1

32 54 3

11

69 31

156 55

6

70

4 2

24

78 4

10 3 3 7

15 54 24 5 2

7 15 26 32 17 4

60 13 6

22

85 15

140 50

7

56

4 2

38

84 2 6 2 1 6

43 41 14 1

27 25 22 14 9 1 1

79 5 5

11

74 26

233 59

5

1 45

4

49

60 28 6

2 7

42 48 6 1

2

22 27 28 14 6

2

59 25 1

15

75 25

390 58

7

+ 36 + 4 1

59

63 6 9 2 3

19

1 49 44 5 1 1

1 30 27 27 11 3 1

81 3 2

14

71 29 +

Included in this category of d\'ugs are substances Which produce dislocations and distortions of consciousness similllr il1 some aspects to those ~uffered by psychotic patients. However. as opposed to the psychotic patient. the user of a hallucinogenic drug is almost invariably aware that what he is eXperiencing is a distortion of the physical environ­ment. In a small number of cases. hallucinations persist or recur for weeks or months after the drug has been taken.

127

I' , I

I

i i i

il If 11

..

Gil II

TABLE 3.111 - LSO

Emergency ROO!R Mentions - Demographics by SMSA In Cnlumn Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank In TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

1.828 46

24

S~l~ + Street buy 58 Over-the-counter Gift 5 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 36

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 59 Dependence 20 Sulc.att./gest. 7 Unknow./Unwll1. 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 45 20-29 44 30-39 8 40-49 1 50 & OVer + Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 25 18-20 28 21-25 26 26-30 12 31-44 7 45 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 72 Black 10 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 72 Female 28 Unk./No resp. +

14** 87 50 44

29.5 9

61

6

33

70 14 5 1 2

14

52 38 7 1 1 1

23 34 22 13 6 1 1

78 20 1 1

68 32

49 39

23

53

4 2

41

55 8

16 2 4

16

37 51 8 2

2

22 20 33 14 8

2

82 8

10

73 27

59 47

16

47

3 2

47

66 15 7

14

36 58 3 2

2

20 20 ,n 14 2 2 2

75 15

10

76 24

132 60

16

39

4 1

57

59 8 5 2

29

61 35 4

38 30 20 8 4 1

72 13 5

10

69 31

50 72

19

32

4

64

46 6

12

2 40

58 40

2

32 30 26 10 2

86 2 4 8

70 30

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

22 73

19

18

5

77

59 27

5 9

68 27 5

27 50 18

5

77 14 5 5

77 23

84 58

10

1

52 38

29

54 56

2 6 1 2

42 37

86 46 5 .42 6 4 1 2 2 6 8

62 37 27 46 11 17

36 21 35 23 15 31 5 8

10 17

42 73 1 13 5

52 13

65 75 35 25

29 55

18

45

7

52

69 7 3

28

62 31 7

52 14 24 7 3

86 3

10

83 17

46 57

11.5

37

7 4

52

63 7 4

2 26

59 37 2

2

35 26 28 9

2

83

2 15

57 43

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

I$V

No. of Mentions

1**

Rank In TDS

40

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

N

N

100

Race

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 128

N

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug-Induced Deaths

". Suicide Acc1d./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N

Sex

Male Female

72 57 57 47

25 29.5

42 95

3 4

56 2

58 77 6 19 6 4 1

29

60 18 31 63 8 16 1 4

35 11 36 12 14 40 7 26 8 11

71 74 6 9 7 7

17 11

64 81 36 19

Drug-Re I ated Deaths

N %

N %

69 33

10

62

3 1

33

68 16 10

3 7

42 49 4 1 1 1

23 32 25 12 6 1 1

70

1 29

78 22

r

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

1.828 46

24

Stolen + Street buy 58 Over-the-counter Gift 5 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 36

~lot1vation (%) Psychic effects 59 Dependence 20 SUic.att./gest. 7 Unknow./Unwil1. 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) ~AWN Grouping 6-9 - +

10-19 45 20-29 44 30-39 8 40-49 1 50 & Over + Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 25 18-20 28 21-25 26 26-30 12 31-44 7 45 & Over 1 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 72 Black 10 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 13

Sex (%) Male 72 Female 28 Unk./No resp. +

11** 428 45 31

33.5 16

84

7

10

43 46 6 1 + 5

36 52

\)

2 + 1

18 26 29 16 9 1 1

69 17 7 7

75 25 +

TABLE 3.111 - Continued

9** 18** 71 67 61 51

21.5 17.5 31

31

3

66

44 13 6 1

39

52 32 11

1

3

30 31 17 10 to

3

87 11 1

69 31

51 55

19

61

27 2

10

78 16

4 6

63 27 10

29 37 16 10 8

78 6

10 6

78 22

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See I ntroduct 1 on

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

25 36

20

48

4

52

60 8

32

52 44 4

16 52 16 12 4

66 4

28

72 28

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

12** 36 58 42

18 25

64

6

33

47 17 14 6 3

14

44 42 14

8 42 31 6

14

56 14 6

25

75 25

57 47

14

61

9 2

28

68 9

14 5 7 4

9 61 1B 7 5

4 12 30 32 14 9

63 7 9

21

74 26

53 40

14

70

2 2

26

77 2 9 6 2 4

34 45 17

4

21 25 26 15 9

4

83 4 2

11

72 28

76 63

14

1 45

49

71 20

3

1 8

49 39 7 3

3

20 41 21 9 7

3

62 21

1 16

86 14

159 51

19

42

3 1

55

60 6

12 3 3

Hi

1 55 37 5 1 1

1 20 29 26 9 5 1

79 2 3

17

64 36 1

LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is a semi-synthetic derivative Of iysergic acid known to have hallu~Inogenlc effects. The drug is considered highly unpredictable and its pharmacology is not fully understood. While tolerance occurs very rapidly and psychological deper.:ience may develop. LSD does not cause physical dependence even after long term use.

129

I I

..

,

, c: ~',,:.'"

TABLE 3.112 - PCP/PCP COMBINATIONS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Perc ~t J eo< ages - anuarY-December 1979

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy Over· the· counter Gift Other Unk. /No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence SUic.att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

Age (%l DAWN Grouping 6.9-

10.19 20·29 30·39 40·49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6·9 --

10·17 18·20 21-25 26.30 31.44 45 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race (%l White Black Other Unk./No resp.

Sex (%)

6,002 70

5

+ 47

3 +

49

55 10 4 1 1

31

+ 34 53 9 2 + 1

+ 17 26 33 15 8 1 1

47 40 4

10

24 42

26

63

4

33

63

13

25

29 63 8

21 21 38 17 4

79 21

125 67

5

74

2 1

23

77 14 6 1

8

46 47 6 1

22 30

'28 14 6

84 14

2

55 25

21

67

5 2

27

51 18 15 4 4

13

44 51 5

29 20 36 9 5

80 18

2

215 65

3

1 60

3 1

35·

81 9 5

2 7

35 58 6 + +

20 26 32 18 4 1

66 20 2

13

539 64

4

46

3 1

50

50 10 7 1 1

37

35 57 5 1 + 1

18 26 37 12 5 1 1

64 18 8

10

189 70

4

46

3

51

63 () 5 1 2

25

59 38 2 1

34 33 23 8 2

77 11 1

11

14** 23 50 74

27.5 26

30

4

65

65 4 9

4 22

4B 35 9 9

26 22 26 9

13 4

43

9 48

200 55

10

71

2 2

26

54 27 7 2 1

12

37 58 5 1

18 26 38 15 4

72 18

11

90 45 2,131 201 69 64 85 55

5 13 7

1 34 40

10

54 60

67 64 6 7 2 7

2 1 2

28 18

53 47 40 49

7 4

26 18 32 42 31 31 8 4 3 4

82 67 8 22

2 10 9

+ 28 90

2 2 +

70 8

48 87 2 7 3 3 + + +

48 2

+ + 25 46 57 49 13 3 2 1 1 + 3

+ + 10 19 23 39 34 26 18 12 11 2 1 + 3

29 73 58 12 3 4

10 10

130 47

5

1 61

3

35

82 10 4

1 5

31 62 6

18 25 35 15 5

6B 1 2

29

Male 71 83 6 Female 2C 17 P 69 75 70 70 70 76 73 80 Unk ./No resp. + 34 31 25 30 30 30 24 27 20 72 75 71

~~~~~~~~~;;~;~~~~~~~~~~~~ ________ ~ __ ~1 __ ~~~~ __ ~2~! __ ~25~_29 liOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

Medical Examiner Mentions ~ Demographics for Total OAWN System • Jan~ary.December 1979

No. of Mentions

117

Rank 1n TDS

15

Age N ~ ..

40·49 12 50 t" Over

Concomitance N %

Alone In Comb.

N

6 3

5 3

56 48 61 52

6-9 10.19 20-29 30-39

14 77 17

66 Unk./No resp. 15

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small

+Lllss than 0.5%

-De~otes zero (0) mentions

Cause/Manner of Death

Drug·Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N

Suicide 4 Acci d./Unexp. 44 Unk./No resp. 12

3 38 10

N

11 37 9

9 32 8

""'Ra""c""e ______ !!..N __ ...!!.% Sex ~ ________ -2N~~%

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

numbers.

130

65 56 Male 97 83 47 40 Female 20 17 5 4

1::'-:.

No. of Mentions Alone (%l

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%l Legal RX

6,002 70

5

Forged RX S~l~ + Street buy 47 Over. the· counter ,. Gift 3 Other + Unk./No resp. 49

Motivation (%) Psychic effect.s 55 Dependence 10 SUic.att./gest. 4 Unknow./Unwill. 1 Other 1 Unk./No resp. 31

Age (%l DAWN Grouping 6·9-

10.19 34 20-29 53 30-39 9 40.49 2 50 & Over + Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6·9 -- +

10.17 17 18.20 26 n-D ~ 26-30 15 31-44 8 45 & Over 1 Unk ./No resp. 1

Race (%) Whih ~ Black 40 Other 4 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 71 Female 28 Unk./No resp. +

148 886 77 66

4 8

89

10

85 11 1

26 61

~

13 22 39 14 11 1 1

40 59

66 34

1

1 58

5 +

37

34 28

2 + 1

36

39 49

9 2 1 1

20 27 31 12 6 1 1

26 61

6 5

70 29 +

TABLE 3.112 - Continued

2** 33 213 50 70 62

32.5 6 10

45

6

52

61 9

18

12

42 48

9

12 33 42

3

9

67 12

21

61 39

32

5 +

62

36 10 9 + 1

41

46 45

6 2

29 29 26 7 5 1 1

76 17 1 3

70 30

64 55

11

61

18

23

83 5 4 2 1 7

37 45 11 4 1 2

15 23 31 13 13 2 2

43 37 17 4

65 35

NOTE! Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due tn small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

------~------ -----

20 70

22.5

35

15

50

65

35

50 45

5

25 40 20 10 S

45 30

25

65 35

4** 172 100 54

29 6

83

3 1

14

65 8 2 1 2 4

38 52 7 1

19 24 34 17 6

26 64

2 8

68 32

83 50 60 54

5 17

80 62

2 1

17 36

84 86 1 4 7 4 1

7 8

17 :..4 54 38 25 16 4 2

7 26 16 30 23 20 35 12 17 10

2

56 74 19 6 4 8

19 12

90 68 10 32

149 57

6

1 46

4

50

54 33 7

2 7

40 50 7 1

2

24 22 31 15 6

2

57 28

1 14

66 32

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

177 61

17

1 33

4

62

62 5 9 2 3

20

1 40 55 4

1 25 29 32 11 2 1

81 5 2

13

79 21

Phencyclidine, or PCP, is a licit veterin~ry anesthetic, but has been used illicit.ly as an hallucinogen. Tolerance effects can be produced by prolonged use of PCP, requiring the user to take increasingly larger doses r,f the drug in order to attain the desired effects,. Because PCP produces its anesthetic and hallucinatory effect,~ without depressing respiration or heart function, its action is not likely to be potentiated by al cohol and other central

nervous system depressants.

131

I' ,I

Ia I

I' I' I

I 1

l

TABLE 3.12 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTINAUSEANTS

Emergency Room Mentions - DelJl9graphics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions 3,066 Alone (%) 26

Rank in TDS/SMSA 10

Source (%) Le9al RX 75 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy + Over-the-counter 1 Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 20

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 25 Suic. att./gest. 43 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 15 20-29 33 30-39 26 40-49 13 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Groupiny 6-9 -- +

10-17 10 18-20 9 21-25 17 H-W U 31-441 30 45 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 59 Black 29 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 51 Female 49 Unk./No resp. +

88 18

8

68 -2 2 2

25

8 40 27

7 19

14 32 22 l8 13 2

5 9

25 9

32 18 2

41 52 1 6

57 43

55 27

9

75 -2

4

20

29 7

51

7 9

2 20 27 36 9 5

2 15 9

15 15 38 7

56 36 4 4

58 42

207 20

7

60 -2 1 + 1

35

8 38 36

8 14

.. 5!

35 24 21 12 +

6 2

19 19 32 21 +

b

70 24 1 5

65 35

44 16

73 -2 2 5

18

11 2

70

16

14 36 39 11

5 14 20 25 30 7

75 11 2

11

48 52

221 19

9

80 + +

19

48 50 25

3 15

10 40 25 14 10

5 9

21 17 30 17 1

30 58 4 8

66 33 +

48 40

10

67

6

2

25

19 8

44

8 21

17 31 19 21 13

13 10 17 8

25 27

58 29

13

31 69

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

51 51

9

59 -2

2

37

22

51

8 20

35 41 12 12

29 14 25 10 18 4

78 14

8

35 65

/'

104 54

9

73

1 3

23

13 5

75

, ·z 6

24 37 18 10 12

13 13 21 16 21 15

50 5 9

37

43 57

121 31

11

74 -3

1 2 1

19

10 11 65

2 1i

22 ~f 25 12 4 1

15 12 17 19 26 11 1

56 31

12

40 60

20 45

12

85

15

10 5

40

10 35

30 25 30

10 5

25 5

15 10 30 10 5

75 10

15

60 40

70

2

23

5 2

68

27

20 39 32 9

11 20 18 34 2

7j

7 2

18

159 30

10

45

53

7 8

49

2 35

13 39 23 13 12 1

5 11 19 18 28 18 1

57 21 6

16

33 66 1

225 18

9

93

+ + 3

3

78 3

18

9 17 32 23 17 1

5 5 8

13 39 29 1

~6 56 2 6

59 41

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN Sy~tem - January-December 1979

No. of Mentions

1;1

Rank in TDS

8

Age N %

40-49 2 50 & Over

Concomitance

Alone In Comb.

N

11 11

6.9 10-lS 20-29 30-39

1 24 14

39 Unk./No resp. 23

+Less than 0.5%

-Denutes zero (0) mentions

%

18 18

N

2 59

%

3 97

Cause/Manner of Death

Race N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

%

White 44 n ~3 5

B1 ack 14 Other 3 Unk./No resp.

132

,*I'u9- Induced gellt~~:s

N %

27 44 6 10

15 25

Drug-Re1 ated Deaths

N %

4 7 8 13 1 2

Se)( _________ ~N~ __ ~~

,Male Female

:'11 30

51 49

57 37

11

91

5

4

5 4

84

7

11 46 25 9

11

4 12 26 18 30 11

68 4

28

39 61

--------·'-----~--~-----~~-.. -"' __ 1 ... r _IIIIIIIIIIS_; ---lii'IiIM.'iI'iiiliiiiiiin.llliIiIJtJII jIIIii .... III""7::; .. <

No. of Mentions 3,066 Alone (%) 26

Rank in TDS/SMSA 10

Source (%) Legal RX 75 Forged RX + Stolen 2 street buy + Over-the-counter 1 Gift 1 Other + Unk./No resp. 20

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 2,5 SUic.att./gest. 43 Unk no\~. /U nwi 11. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 16 20-29 33 30-39 26 40-49 13 50 & Over 10 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grou?ing 6-9 -- +

10-17 10 18-20 9 21-25 17 26-30 16 31-44 30 45 & Over 16 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 59 Bl ack 29 Other 3 Unk. /No resp. 10

Sex (%) Male 51 Female 49 Unk./No resp. +

40 638 40 18

11 10

60 89 18

2 + +

13 + 3 8 P.

63 3 73

28 18

5 + 5 5

1 10 11 43 29 30 31 15 15

3 14

8 3

18 30 30 13

45 50

5

48 53

+

1 7 7

14 16 35 20 +

59 35 2 3

62 38

22 41

8

68

9

18

5

73

23

36 32 23 5 5

32 9

18 14 23 5

55 41

5

18 82

TABLE 3 .12 - Conti nued

30 30

10

43

10

13

33

73

20

27 23 23 23

3

17 17 7

13 37 10

87 3

10

23 77

129 36

10

64 1 2 1 1 1

33

21 3

46

7 25

1 21 35 22 12 8 2

1 12 10 19 18 24 15 2

61 32 4 3

41 59

87 21

10

79

3

5 1

11

14 3

71

3 9

29 25 34 9

2

20 15 16 14 30

3 2

74 8

14 5

38 62

35 29

10

74

3 3

20

20 11 34

3 31

31 37 14 9 9

17 17 14 23 17 11

69 29

3

46 54

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source'~I)d motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%"

,,-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUP~LEMENTARY INFORMATION

25 36

B

64

4

4 4

24

8

64

28

52 24 20 4

36 20 8

12 24

72

28

40 60

72 18

11

85 3 3

8

7 4

64

6 22

18 43 29 6 4

13 8

22 21 29

7

63 7 6

25

38 63

37 60 35 40

11 11

78 52

3

12 3

22 30

5 22 3 3

84 62

3 3 8 10

3 35 38 33 43 10

5 10 8 10 3 2

33 14 5 14 20 14 12 43 13 14 15 3 2

62 72 16 10 11 7 11 12

70 42 30 58

77 370 19 28

10.5 8

60 75

4 2 ,~

3 2 1

34 19

8 13 12 3 62 57

+ 4 6

14 22

1 18 23 35 40 25 20 9 10

12 6 1 1

1 13 14 10 13 18 21 13 16 29 25 16 10 1 1

56 73 31 13

2 13 13

51 41 49 59

This category includes two therapeutic classes - anticonvulsants which are products used primarily to control convulsions, especially of epilepsy, and antinauseants. those drugs used primarily for treating nausea, vomiting and vertigo, including motion sickness.

133

'~-i\

:. i I

'J

~. I

I

I

l

TABLE 3.121 - HYDANTOW

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons Alone (%)

2,466 24

75 16

46 28

183 19

29 14

194 18

39 41

35 43

Rank in TDS/SMSA 16 9.5 17.5 25.5 10 22.5 12

Source (%) Legal RX 80 Forged RX + Stolen 2 Street buy + Over-the-counter Gift Other Unk./No resp. IB

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 18 Dependence 30 Suic.att./gest. 39 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 3 Unk./No resp. 14

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 - +

10-19 12 20-29 33 30-39 28 40-49 15 50 & Over 11 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17' 7 18-20 8 21-25 17 26-30 17 31-44 33 45 & Over 18 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 56 Black 32 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 9

Sex (%) Male 55 Female 45 Unk./No resp. +

75

3 1

21

7 47 24

7 17

!1 29 24 19 15

3

3 8

21 11 35 20

3

35 57 1 7

64 36

76

4

17

26 9

52

7 11

2 20 24 39 11 4

2 13 11 13 13 41 7

57 37 4 2

61 39

62 83

2 3 1

35 14

8 7 42 3 33 76

9 13 14

5 7 34 38 25 41 22 14 13 1

4 2, 10

19 21 19 24 33 38 22 7 1

66 79 27 14 1 3 6 3

67 48 33 52

83 1

16

50 54 22

3 14

9 39 26 15 lli 1

5 8

21 18 31 17 1

27 62 3 7

69 30 1

69

8

23

21 10 41

8 21

13 33 15 23 15

10 10 15 10 23 31

54 33

13

33 67

NOTE: Multiple mentions are po~sible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

63

3

3

31

20

43

11 26

20 51 17 11

14 14 34 11 23

3

74 17

9

34 66

77 55

11

84

14

8 6

77

3 8

13 38 23 10 16

4 12 18 21 25 21

57 6 8

29

48 52

96 32

23

76

4,

19

11 14 61

3 11

22 38 24 10 5 1

15 13 18 18 27 9 1

56 33

10

43 57

19** 30 47 30

24 20

83

17

3 3

77

20

10 47 37 7

7 10 23 23 37

73 3 3

20

33 67

~ledical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons

47

Rank in TDS

24

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

1 18 12

Concomi tance

Alone In Comb.

N

40-49 8 17 2 50 &. Over 8 17

38 Unk./No resp. 26

N

2 4 45 96

Race

White Black Other Unk ./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 134

Cause/Manner of Death

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

N

33 12 2

70 26 4

Orug-Induced Deaths

N %

16 5

15

Sex

Male Female

34 11 32

128 30

20.5

207 17

6

45 98

2 +

53 2

6 81 7 3

47 14

2 38

12 8 38 14 23 34 15 25 12 18 1 +

3 5 13 3 17 7 19 13 29 41 19 31 1 +

63 32 20 59 6 2

11 6

34 60 65 40 1

Drug-Related Deaths

N %

2 8 1

N

26 21

4 17 2

55 45

40 30

17

98

3

8 5

78

to

5 43 28 13 13

3 5

28 15 38 13

63 5

33

55 45

;j, ... i[ii'Miiil.I_!il ..• !IIi.ii!! .. iIli .. !Ii_-Il!IiIIii!---""""~"""'-::----~-------'-------- --~-~",.,.~-~"'----.. ----""M ___ · .. · .. --__ Ii1i .. iiII!!IG~.,il!i __ •• iiilIigjiOilll ..... ·-·::

I

,.

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX Stolen Street buy

,Over-the-counter GMt Other Unk./No resp.

Motivation (%) Psychic effects Dependence Sui::. att./gest. Unknow./Unwill. Other Unk./No resp.

2,466 24

16

80 + 2 +

18

18 30 39 + 3

14

31 42

28

65 19

10

6

71

23

6

574 17

12

92

+

+

6

2 78 16

+ 4

TABLE 3.121 - Conti nued

17** 21 35 29

99 36

15 13.5 26

48

5

14

33

5

76

19

63 1 1

35

17 4

45

8 26

51 10

19

86

4

2

8

16 4

75

4 4

Age (%) DAWN Groupi ng 6-9 -- + 1 1

32 25

14

72

3 3

22

16 13 3B

3 31

10-19 12 10 8 14 17 18 28 20-29 33 42 29 33 37 24 38 30-39 28 32 32 29 22 47 16 40-49 15 13 16 24 13 12 9 50 &. Over 11 3 15 8 9 Unk./No resp. 1 + 1

Age (%1 CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- + 1 1

.10-11 7 6 5 10 9 12 13 18-20 8 3 6 14 9 10 19 21·25 17 19 13 10 22 14 16 26-30 17 26 17 19 18 20 22 31-44 33 35 36 43 23 39 19 45 &. over', 18 10 21 5 16 6 13 Unk./No rup. 1 + 1

Race (") , ~~, ~ ~ ~ ~ W W ~ Black I 32 55 37 5 32 10 31 Other , 3 2 5 16 Unk./No 'i'esp. 9 6 3 10 3 6 3

" Se~ (%) I Male , 55 52 65 24 39 39 47 Female i 45 48 35 76 61 61 53 Unk. /No! resp. +

NOTE: !MultiPle mentions Ire possible for source and .,UVIUon.

*See lntroduction

**Per);entages for detIogrlphlcs not cOIIputed clue to .111 n_en.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) IHIItlons

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

18** 51 44 22

14 19

86 2

12

10 4

57

6 27

14 47 29 6 4

8 10 22 25 29

6

65 8 4

24

39 61

33 36

32 31

21.5 26

85

15

6 3

85

3 6

3 33 48

3 9 3

15 9

12 48 12 3

64 12 12 12

76 24

72

3

25

9 3

75

6 6

16 31 16 19 16

3

13 6

22 9

22 25

3

66 9

13 13

44 56

54 15

18

65

2

33

6 15 61

4 15

15 35 28 9

11 2

11 7

17 15 33 15 2

48 37

15

59 41

255 27

13

80

+

18

12 4

57 + 5

24

1 15 41 23 12 7 1

1 9

10 20 18 28 12 1

74 12 2

13

47 53

Diphenylhydantoin sodium is a menmer of the hydantoin family. The hydantoins are useful in the treatment of epilepsy. Chemically, diphenylhydantoin sodium is related to the barbiturates. Barbiturates may enhance the r<lte of metabolism of the hydantoins, however this effect is variable and unpredictable. Diphenylhydantoin sodium primaril,Y affects the central nervous system and may cause dizziness. insomnia, depression. irritability and headaches.

135

. ,

:1 i

i ..

TABLE 3.13 - THERAPEUTIC CLASS - CODEINE COMBINATioNS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of Menti ons Alone (%)

Rank in TOS/SMSA

2,842 31

11

Source (%) Legal RX 63 Forged RX + Stolen 3 Street buy + Over- the-counter 1 Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 14 Dependence 6 SUic.att./gest. 61 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 4 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 23 20-29 42 30 .. 39 20

,40-49 8 50 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

W-17 ~ 18-20 15 n-25 22 26-30 18 31-44 22 45 8. Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) ~i~ ~ Black 20 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 14

Sex (%) ~lale 29 Female 71 Unk./No resp. +

75 31

10

63

5

33

21 4

53

7 15

27 41 19 7 7

8 23 23 17 17 12

64 24

12

31 69

27 33

11

59 4 4

33

15 4

59 4 4

15

15 56 15 11 4

4 19 26 22 26 4

56 33

11

33 67

34 47

11

56

6

38

3

62

12 24

3B 41

9 3 9

18 29 12 24

6 12

71 15

15

38 62

81 37

9

43

1 5 1 1

49

2 6

68

2 21

19 51 20 10 1

10 17 25 20 ZO 9

62 21

17

28 70 1

191 34

10

57

1 2

39

12 3

58

5 25

27 42 17 7 5 1

15 19 19 19 19 8 1

58 25 2

16

27 72

1

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

39 38

11

67

31

21 3

49

10 21

38 41 8 5 5 3

15 26 26 15 8 8 3

64 28

3 5

23 77

68 38

7

59

4

35

28

54

4 13

31 28 29

9 3

22 13 21 4

35 4

75 16 1 7

32 68

127 19

7

66

1 3

30

10 2

71

6 11

18 43 24 9 G

8 14 22 20 26 9

37 5 2

57

28 72

226 30

9

64 + 3 1 1 4

28

16 7

58

2 20

+ 22 50 14 8 5 +

+ 11 18 23 22 17 8 +

57 34 1 8

31 69

63 25

9

43

3

54

27 3

49

10 14

17 49 19 10 3 2

11 11 29 22 19 6 2

73 25

2

25 75

90 29

7

54

1 2

42

8 6

67

6 14

20 50 16 7 8

10 12 28 22 17 11

56 1B 1

26

23 77

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Nentions

9**

Rank in TDS

12

Age N

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

%

Concomitance N %

Alone 4 44 In Comb. 5 56

N

40-49 50 & Over Unk./No resp.

Race

White Black Other Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographi cs not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 136

N

Cause/Manner of Death

SUicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

Drug- Induced Deaths

N %

Sex

Male Female

313 31

8

56

2

1

41

14 3

52 + 5

26

18 39 22

9 12

9 13 21 16 25 16

64 19 4

12

28 72

87 29

11

85

3

11

40 13 41

14 38 29 8

11

7 11 14 21 31 16

63 18 3

15

33 67

Drug-Re 1 ated Deaths

N %

N %

122 25

8

71 1 4

1 2

22

11 7

71

2 11

18 48 20 7 7

9 16 21 21 23 10

70 2 1

26

26 74

~

j

!

I

F.

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

2,842 31

Rank in TDS/SMSA 11

Source (%) Legal RX 63 Forged RX + Stolen 3 Street buy + Over-the-counter 1 Gift 2 Other Unk./No resp. 31

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 14 Dependence 6 SUic.att./gest. 61 Unknow./Unwl11. + Other 4 Unk./No resp. 16

Age (%) DAWN Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-19 23 20-29 42 30-39 20 40-49 8 50 & Over 7 Unk./No resp. +

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 13 18-20 15 21-25 22 26-30 18 31-44 22 45 8. Over 10 Unk./No resp. +

Race (%) White 63 Black 20 Other 3 Unk./No resp. 14

Sex (%) Male 29 Female 71 Unk./No resp. +

42 38

74 2 2

5

17

26 7

55

5 7

21 36 26 12 5

10 14 17 24 26 10

52 40

7

26 74

162 46

11

69 1

13 1

16

5 19 67

2 7

32 38 18 7 5

20 17 19 18 17 9

72 17 6 4

35 64 1

38 39

7

76

3

3

18

16

76

5 5

24 50 21 5

13 16 29 24 16 3

71 29

29 71

TABLE 3.13 - Continued

31 29

52 31

8.5 11

ill 44

2

2

39 52

3 21 4

68 40

4 29 33

2 16 25 45 40 29 13 3 10 6 8

2

2 10 19 10 12 23 21 23 13 29 23 6 8

2

52 56 13 37 3

32 8

10 37 90 63

122 25

8

71

5 3 1 2

18

20 10 52

3 15

25 34 24 7

10

19 10 21 12 25 12

84 3 9 4

25 75

39 23

56 3 5

5

31

18 5

59

18

18 46 18 10 5 3

18 10 21 26 10 13 3

69 21

10

38 62

37 41

7

70

8

5

16

8

70

3 19

22 51 22 3

3

16 19 30 8

24

3

57 8

35

24 76

132 29

8

64

1 4

27

9 7

59 1

11 15

20 41 18 10 10 2

9 12 21 19 25 12

2

55 23 8

15

36 64

42 40

10

69

31

2 5

76

5 12

14 40 24 10 12

7 7

19 24 31 12

55 14 12 19

48 52

106 21

8

42

2

56

9 5

67

5 15

25 38 25

5 8

8 23 16 18 25 9

60 6 7

27

29 71

145 30

8

52

10

37

8 6

79

4 5

31 41 18 8 2

22 12 21 18 21 6

37 52

12

12 88

351 29

9

76 1 2 + 2 1

19

13 4

68 + 2

15

22 42 20 10 6

13 12 26 17 23 10

80 11 1 8

29 71 +

.~.--------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Codeine is an alkaloid of opium. It has approximately one-eighth the analgesic effect of morphine and therefore is used for minor pain or for its antitussive action. Physical dependence on codeine is uncommon; ~Ihen it does occur, the withdrawal symptoms are of a much less serious nature than those connected with morphine, heroin, or the barbiturates. Alcohol and the barbiturates can potentiate the effects of codeine.

137

-, " ,

:i I

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i'

..

TABLE 3.14 THERAPEUTIC CLASS - INHALANTS/SOLVENTS/AEROSOLS

Emergency Room Mentions - Demographics by SMSA in Column Percentages - January-December 1979

No. of t1entions Alone (~)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

743 51

12

Stolen 2 Street buy 6 Over-the-counter 67 Gift 1 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 20

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 48 Dependence 14 SUic.att./gest. 27 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 13

Age (%) DAWN GrOUping 6-9- +

10-19 40 20-29 42 m-H 9 40-49 4 50 & Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 25 18-20 22 21-25 25 26-30 13 31-44 9 45 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 62 B1ack 15 Other 12 Unk./No resp. 11

Sell (%) Male 73 Female 27 Unk./No resp.

15** 12** 15** 14** 27 27 50 40 36 63

12 12 12 12 12

7 44 4 4

41

33

33

4 30

48 44 4 4

41 15 19 19 4 4

56 22 11 11

67 33

19** 15** 40 42 53 83

12 12 12

8 78

15

63 53 15

5

38 55

5

3

23 23 28 20

5 3

30 3

40 20

55 45

NOTE: Multiple menti,ons are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

44 57

12

5 89

7 2

18 52 23

2 9

27 59 9 2 2

11 23 34 20 9 2

59 34

7

75 25

46 57

11

2 54 2

41

70 4

11

2 13

63 33

4

39 28 20 9

4

96 4

78 22

18** 35 50 40

12 12

51

9 40

29

40

3 29

26 29 29 11

3 3

9 26 14 20 23 6 3

54 23

3 20

74 26

63 62

12

2 92

6

89 6 5

38 56 6

24 21 35 14 6

52 27

2 19

75 25

Medical Examiner Mentions - Demographics for Total DAWN System - January-December 1979

No. of Ment ions Concomi tance N Cause/Manner of Death

55

Rank in TDS

10

Age

6-9 10-19 20-29 30-39

N

13 21 7

40-49 24 50 & Over

Alone In Comb.

N

5 9

38 Unk./No rcsp. 13

9 16

26 47 29 5,3

Race N

Suicide Accid./Unexp. Unk./No resp.

White 49 89 Black 5 9 Other 1 2 Unk./No resp.

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions 138

Drug-Induced Drug-Related Deaths Deaths

N %

9 16 23 42 3 5

Sex

Male Female

N %

7 13 13 24

N

39 16

71 29

40 65

12

3 13 73

3 10

53 13 28

3 8

25 60

5 5 5

18 35 28 o 8 5

48

5 48

00 20

No. of Mentions Alone (%)

Rank in TDS/SMSA

Source (%) Legal RX Forged RX

743 51

12

Stolen 2 Street buy 6 Over-toe-counter 67 Gift 1 Other 5 Unk./No resp. 20

Motivation (%) Psychic effects 48 Dependence 14 Suic.att./gest. 27 Unknow./Unwill. + Other 2 Unk./No resp. 13

Age (%) DAWN GrOUping 6-9 -- +

10-19 40 20-29 42 30-39 9 40-49 4 50 & Over 4 Unk./No resp. 1

Age (%) CODAP Grouping 6-9 -- +

10-17 25 18-20 22 21-25 25 26-30 13 31-44 9 45 & Over 5 Unk./No resp. 1

Race (%) White 62 Black 15 Other 12 Unk./No resp. 11

Sex (%) Male 73 Female 27 Unk./No resp.

4** 50 25 48

12 12

12 12 68

2 6

44 30 ,20

6

2 36 36 16 2 6 2

2 28 8

24 16 12 8 2

64 20 12 4

78 22

TABLE 3.14 - Continued

10** 36 40 47

12 12

3 3

67

6 22

50 3

17

33

53 33

3 8 3

36 19 22 11

I.i 6

72 17 6 6

64 36

57 56

11

2 5

81 4

11

81 7 9

2 5

53 35 7 2 2 2

35 21 21 12 7 2 2

23 5

67 5

74 26

NOTE: Multiple mentions are possible for source and motivation.

*See Introduction

**Percentages for demographics not computed due to small numbers.

+Less than 0.5%

-Denotes zero (0) mentions

17** 9** 30 41 22 27

12 11 12

3 13 53

13 17

43 7

50

3.

3 27 43

7 13 7

3 10 23 27 13 10 13

53 13 10 23

80 20

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

9** 29 22 59

12 12

97

3

55 17 34

7

38 31 10 10 10

3 41 21

3 14 17

86

14

83 17

14** 75 14 53

12 12

1 5

57

13 23

27 7

45

1 23

48 29 9 4 8 1

31 23 17 8

12 8 1

84 11

5

69 31

This DAWN category is composed of substances used pl"..imarily for non-therapeutic purposes. Included in this category .1re cleaning. polishing. painting and bonding materials. fuels. lubricants. room odorizers. leather preparations. waxes. coolants. and aerosol toiletries.

uu.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1980-328-565/655t,

139

r

-- ---~"--------~-----.--~-:--'---"":"

I

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/ ~~"1.1"""~"".1""""""""""~~~~~~~~~~~;~7~~~.~4~~~--.J