SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF DROUGHT IN INDONESIA 2003 AND ITS HANDLING

IN ACCORDANCE WITH POVERTY ALLEVIATION APPROACHES

•NATIONAL COORDINATING BOARD FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

(BAKORNAS PBP)

• Area : 1.9 million km2, more than 17.000 islands, • Total Popupation 210 millions, 60 % lives in Java Island.• 370 ethnics groups with 67 mother tongues.• Poverty condition decreased since economic crisis in 1997. Recently,

there are 38.4 Million people under poverty line (24.2%)• Indonesia is known as disaster prone country due to natural as well as

man-made disaster. It is controlled by geological, geographic and demographic conditions.

• The most common disaster is those due to hydrometeorological hazards such as flood, landslide, tropical storms, drought, land and forest fire.

• Since the last 5 years, there has been no significant climatic changes in Indonesia. However, the impact of hydrometeorological disaster arise (fig.1, fig.2).

• In the rainy season during October-April, Indonesia faces floods and landslides problems. While in the dry season, drought and wild fire are seriuos threat.

• Prolonged dry season in Indonesia in 2003 caused widely socio-economic impact due to drought.

• Many poor farmers affected in the disaster event

INTRODUCTION

POVERTY MAP OF INDONESIA 2002

55 36 2287

205

0

100

200

300

1998 1999 2001 2002 2003

Year

Floods in Indonesia 1998 - 2003

Figure 1

13

7552

30

97

0

50

100

1998 1999 2001 2002 2003

Year

Landslides in Indonesia 1998 - 2003

Figure 2

• The most vulnerable group was poor farmers and their labor.

• 5 provinces in Java and 1 province in Sumatra seriously affected

• 469.122 hectares of wet rice fields were impacted, where 367.197 hectares were partly dried and 101.925 hectares of those was totally dried up (Table 1).

• Total number of affected population were 293.442 family (Table 1)

IMPACT

No Province Manucipal Impacted Area(Ha)

Dried up

(Ha)

Sum of Affacted(Family)

1.2.3.4.5.6.

LampungBantenWest Java Central Java YogyakartaEast Java

36

1624

314

26.35035.259

273.23697.66313.28223.332

3.2582.761

65.73421.486

6408.046

17.10011.044

183.33360.6661.933

19.366

66 469.122 101.925 293.442

Table 1

• Food Insecurity due to 50 % loss of crop production

• Lack of drinking water• Generating unemployment especially to the

people who relay on agricultural business.• Power supply/Hydro-Power Plant disturbed

due to water quantity in the reservoir was very low

• Health problem in relating to drought condition. People suffered from diarrhea and skin diseases.

THREAT

• Short-term :• Food Aid Program• Water supply• Medicine and Health Services

• Mid-term :• Labor Intensive for irrigation, drainage and other

infrastructures maintenance and reconstruction. The main objective was to provide income for affected households.

• Application of Weather modification technology• Long-term

• Dam construction• National movement for environmental rehabilitation.

This Program was launched by President The Republic of Indonesia on January 2004. The priority gives to the most critical catchment areas.

CENTRAL GOV. INTERVENSION PROGRAM

• Food Aid Program• The primarily objective was for saving lives• municipalities with extensive totally dried up rice field

received food aid from central government. The rest of it were expected to be assisted by local government.

• The affected farmers received 90 kg of rice per family for 3 months

• Total distributed rice aid was 15.960 ton (Table 2). • Water supply

• The primarily objective was for saving lives• The aid program was provision of 256 water tank trucks

for supplying drinking water (Table 3).• Provision of Pumping Machine for irrigation uses.

• Medicine and Health Services• Provision of medicine and health services which are

implemented by center of community health service in the district level. The services were free of charge

Short term Program

Food Aid Program( 30 kg/Family/Month during Sept-Oct)

Total 15.960 ton for 59 municipals in 5 Province :

• West Java : 11.000 ton for 183.333 Family• Central Java : 3.640 ton for 60.666 Family• East Java : 1.162 ton for 19.366 Family• Yogyakarta: 116 ton for 1.933 Family• Banten : 42 ton for 700 Family

Table 2

Water Tank Trucks :Central Government gave 140 Water Tank Truck :

•West Java : 43 Trucks

•Central Java : 48 Trucks

•East Java : 30 Trucks

•Yogyakarta : 7 Trucks

•Banten : 12 Trucks

Implemented by Dept. Settlement and Regional Infrastructures

Table 3

• Extensive labor program :• The main objective was to provide income for affected

households in the incentive basis• Maintaining or rehabilitation of tertiary Irrigation

infrastructures, implemented by Depart. of Agriculture• Maintaining or rehabilitation of primary Irrigation,

drainage and other infrastructures, implemented by Depart. of Settlement and Regional Infrastructures

• Application of Weather modification Technology• The main objective was to induce rain fall on the

targeted area in order to recharge empty reservoir. The application of the technology implemented by The Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology in cooperation with Depart. Of Settlement and Regional Infrastructures.

Mid term Program

• Dam construction• Re-planning potential dam

• National movement for environmental rehabilitation. • Starting for breeding in 2003• Officially start planting by President The Republic of

Indonesia on January 2004. • The priority is given to the most critical catchments

areas. • Target area to be rehabilitated 3 million hectares for

5 years• Implemented by Community Participations basis.• Encourage law enforcement for reducing

deforestation and environmental degradation.

Long term Program

• Coping with drought should involve all related agencies/institution in the comprehensive manner and well coordination.

• Incentive is only as stimulant to encourage wide range community and private sectors participation

• Saving lives of the impacted population should be put into the highest priority, however the continuous program should be implemented in order to maintain community wealth and to solve the root problem.

LESSON LEARNED

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