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National Consultative Workshop on Defining and Measuring Swachhata: Parameters for Open Defecation Free Communities/Villages/Gram Panchayats under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)
Yashada-Pune, Maharashtra, April 13-14, 2015
The two day residential workshop had a Pan-India representation of national, state, district, Gram Panchayat and community level functionaries and practitioners. Through a series of discussions, group exercises and plenary synthesis sessions: What is Open Defecation Free and therefore, How, when to measure or verify it were discussed for a Swachh Bharat. This report captures the detailed deliberations, discussions, questions and outcomes of the workshop.
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The purpose of this report is to record the deliberations and recommendations of the participants at the workshop and is prepared by Vijeta Rao and Anjali Verma engaged by IDS Sussex and WSSCC respectively. The report preparation was coordinated and guided by WSSCC. Workshop preparations were coordinated and led by Vinod Mishra, WSSCC National Coordinator under whose guidance Kirti Salunkhe, Anjali Verma and Wakeel Ahmed made all preparations. Special thanks are due to Hema Nimbalkar, Director, Yashada, Pune and her team for the excellent conditions under which this workshop was run and its participants lodged and boarded. We are grateful to Deepak Sanan, Nisheeth Kumar, Santosh Mehrotra and Sujoy Mojumdar who co facilitated some of the sessions with Archana Patkar and Vinod Mishra.
THIS REPORT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A POWERPOINT SUMMARISING THE
KEY OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP AND A SUMMARY NOTE.
BACKGROUND Swacch Bharat Mission (SBM) sets the target of an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019. It is a huge challenge, which calls for developing reliable indicators and parameters for ODF communities so that implementers can confirm the ODF status and also verify the outcomes. Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India suggested organizing a National Consultative Workshop to develop these indicators as per the stated objectives of SBM. The Objectives of the workshop were:
1. To define what constitutes Swachhata with a focus on What is Open Defecation Free status and its various stages.
2. To define reliable, verifiable indicators and parameters of ODF 3. To define key parameters for good verification processes
SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE WORKSHOP Message from Programme Manager, WSSCC This workshop represents a watershed moment, as there is a pressing need to clearly define, consolidate and harmonise the myriad interpretations and ways of working on collective behavior change in order to achieve Swachh Bharat within which living in an open defecation free community is a basic requirement. For the first time, Swachh Bharat Mission clearly spells out Open Defecation Free Villages as the outcome beyond just counting the number of toilets constructed. We have all been working towards this goal, however, there is no clear, definitive understanding of what it means to be ODF, what are its elements and how we will verify and sustain this state.
3
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
This workshop is to take stock, with clear indicators for us to get the job done, keeping in mind that they need to be simple and easy to understand. The whole developing world is grappling with this, we are not alone as countries face this problem across Africa, Asia and South East Asia. But as India has the most number of people defecating in the open globally, India needs to do this most urgently in order to understand where it stands, how much more needs to be done, what is going right and what needs to be changed or corrected. The Open Working Group’s proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a stand alone goal on water and sanitation along with a cross cutting theme of equality and inclusion. Water and sanitation services are reflected in education, health, gender and environmental goals in this proposal. It is not about the number of toilets constructed but their quality, safety, usage and maintenance to break the fecal oral transmission while also guaranteeing privacy and convenience. Without hand washing and personal hygiene dimension, this cannot be possible and there is no point talking about ODF. There is also no point counting toilets if we omit the elderly, disabled people, menstruating women and girls or pregnant women and caregivers in the race for swachhata as many groups and individuals will be left out defeating the purpose. The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council is committed and excited to support the Ministry of Drinking Water and sanitation, Government of India and states in their goal to achieve a Swachha Bharat which guarantees human and environmental safety and dignity through safe sanitation and hygiene services for all. Key Note Address from Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GoI This journey all began with the iconic speech by the Prime Minister on August 15th at Red Fort where he brought up the lack of sanitation for all as an important are for development. The Swachh Bharat Mission was announced on October 2nd with a clear understanding that ODF villages must be seen as the goal with usage being the key measure for achieving outcomes. There’s been a hard learning that simply constructing toilet does not ensure usage. We have seen that toilets constructed being used for a variety of purposes such as storage, cattle shed etc., therefore it is a huge problem of behavior change. We need to understand that such change may not come through individual action, but a community can decide collectively to stop this practice of open defecation and come up with ways to ensure its sustainability. When we construct our own toilet, we have a stake in it and we can ensure accountability. Government funds may be used to assist, to reward and as an incentive but not so it becomes a government toilet. The major questions to be asked when trying to come up with a clear definition for ODF and its measurement and verification are, what does it mean to be ODF? If there is no shit visible in the living area, should we say that the village is ODF? Can a simple definition be brought about mainly on usage of latrines? What about verification, what are the elements and who does the verification? Sustainability is another very important area of discussion, what happens after becoming ODF? When trying to come up with a definition, it is important to keep it very simple
4
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
and understandable. Let’s not concentrate on making it so technically sound that the person who is collecting this information on the ground does not understand it at all. We would like to see several aspects covered in this definition, but let us try to avoid putting everything into it, as we are not yet at the stage of achieving a ‘sanitized’ village. We will try to go stage by stage focusing majorly on water, sanitation and hygiene. It is hoped that a pertinent, simple and understandable definition and verification indicators may be brought out through this two-day workshop. Message from Deepak Sanan, Secretary outlined very well the issues that resonate with all of us who have been working in this for the last ten fifteen years. Firstly, when we talk about ODF, why is it really important? This is a significant step because we forgot why ODF, we thought sanitation was about toilets. A lot of people called the decade of 2001-2011 as a sanitation revolution. All the figures showed a tremendous increase in the number of households provided with toilets however when Census 2011 came out and only around 30% of toilets were available, the huge bubble was burst and we realized that counting toilets was not enough. We didn’t bring it upfront that sanitation is in essence, a public good, because without everybody participating it no body gains. In the fine analysis, sanitation only benefits if everybody adheres. The biggest sign is that there is some research that emerged that the children in the richest quintile of people are two and half times shorter. There may be some debate regarding this but what is clear is that it is an important milestone to say ODF in the guidelines and we are not counting toilets. What is key is to break the fecal –oral change and emphasize safety- safe technology that safely confines fecal matter separating it from human contact for better health. This is an opportunity to all agree what we are trying to achieve and how we will measure it. Mr. Sudhir Thakre, retired Principal Secretary, Rural Development Department, on the Maharashtra Experience, by special invitation Mr. Sudhir Thakre spearheaded the state-led Sant Gadge Baba sanitation and cleanliness campaign in 2002 in Maharashtra inspiring many facets of the national Total Sanitation Campaign, Nirmal Gram Puraskar and the more recent Eco-Village Program in Maharashtra. Mr. Thakre shared his experiences in implementing a successful sanitation campaign at a time when the rest of the country was still focused on construction of toilets. He realized very early that toilets are not about construction but more about attitude and behavior change, but how do we do this? How do we change the mindset and motivate individuals to use it? How do we look at sanitation from a holistic point of view? Firstly, we started with a behavior change campaign. The question in people’s mind should be why sanitation? Why should we have a toilet in our household or use a latrine? We involved everyone from Sarpanch to the
5
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
District Administration in the behavior change campaign. This was the Sant Gadge Baba Campaign. Instead of choosing a Bollywood celebrity or politician the campaign was attached to an iconic figure- Gadge Baba who collected scrap and waste door to door and demonstrated ow it could be utilized to generate wealth. This was the first emotional trigger We need to motivate the administrative machinery as well as they are the ones that are spending large amounts of money on constructing toilets, we need to change this. The campaign developed a strategy called SHADE: Safety, Health, Ambience, Dignity and Economy. Toilet is not only necessary for defecation but for safety of women and men, for dignity and privacy. Health is the most important angle for addressing the community and driving a change in behavior. The living environment and the surroundings need to be clean therefore ambience is very important. The toilets can produce fertilizer/manure, which can generate income. So all of these messages were incorporated into our behavior change campaign through brochures, pamphlets, advertisements and other methods. The idea was to create hatred towards open defecation and poor sanitation practices, anger towards the lack of dignity and privacy for the elderly, women and young girls and love towards a clean environment, a sanitized village. It was the use of these three triggers that brought about the change in behavior and a change in mindset from construction of toilets to the emphasis on utilization for improved health, dignity and quality of life. The Maharashtra sanitation success as shared by Mr. Thakre, was achieved in a 2 phase programme mode with full backing at the state level(political and administrative). In the first stage there was basic motivational work done at scale followed by community incentives(prize money at GP, Block, District, Division and State level). In the second stage the targets for community incentives were made more realistic( ODF achievement rewarded in stages and not 100%) and merged with other rural development programmes. Summary of Key points made by Mr Thakre on the Maharashtra ODF experience;
1. It is unfair to expect all GPs to achieve 100% ODF levels in one go. Majority of the GPs will not achieve 100% ODF even after 2-3 years. Hence it is important to encourage communities that have reached 60%, 70% and 80% ODF community status. Inter village competition(for ODF prizes) alone cannot deliver ODF at scale. Nor can coercion and punishments.
2. It is important to appreciate the step wise progress to achieve ODF communities. The first stage of moving from open defecation to fixed point defecation, basic steps like covering shit with mud is a first stage of achieving sanitary ODF outcomes later.
3. Santa Gadge Baba also realized that individual incentives for toilets are needed to ensure the poorest get some support to build toilets
4. Precede the sanitation programme at state level with orientation, training of staff and a long period(4 to 6 months) of village level motivation campaigning(on need and benefits of sanitation and cleanliness). Don’t start with triggering and CLTS directly. Engage all human resources available in the state including NGOs and civil society.
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
5. Regulations need to be brought in, once a critical mass in the community internalize the sanitation practices, to make laggards fall in line so that they respond to peer pressure and join in the collective behavior change.
6. De politicise the government programme to make it a social development programme. Maharashtra named it after Sant Gadge Baba and not after a politician.
7. Without political commitment at the state level that promotes swachhta as a desirable goal and ably assisted by a bureaucratic leadership – it is impossible to achieve ODF at scale in a programme approach
GLOBAL CONTEXT Before embarking on this exercise to define and identify indicators for ODF, it is important to look at examples from other countries grappling with the same problems. These examples may provide the necessary outline for developing our own definitions and trying to understand the extent and scope of ODF as defined by other countries.
S. No
Country Strategy
1 Benin 1. Defining ODF: villages may be certified ODF if they meet the following four criteria
a. No OD zones in the locality; b. Every HH has access to a hygienic latrine
(covers, no flies) c. Latrines are well used and maintained; d. Each latrine is accompanied by a hand
washing station (water+soap or water+ash) which is regularly used and maintained
2. Verifying ODF: This process must follow certain guidelines
a. Monitoring focal point requests the start/launch of the verification process when he or she feels the village is ready at the commune level
b. Certification process- mayor, commune chief, village hygiene assistant and the chief of hygiene and sanitation from the mayor’s office
c. All four joint verification, if it is yes across the four criteria, the village is certified ODF and certificate is issued; If no, the group makes recommendations to the commune and fixes a new date for the next evaluation
d. If the community is certified ODF, monitoring continues for 12 months to ascertain this status is maintained
2 Malawi ODF is certified and verified in two levels: 1. Level 1: every HH uses a latrine with privacy,
there is no shit in the bush (100% latrine coverage, sharing is acceptable)
2. Level 2: ODF ++: every HH has a latrine with cover and hand washing facility; including all religious institutions, market centers, and health centers
3 Madagascar ODF status is defined when the following criteria is met: 1. No OD (use of latrines by full community adults
and children; no human excreta outside, inside the pan or around the latrine; all tissue paper or
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
cleaning materials are stored in a covered contained or thrown directly into the latrine pit/hole
2. All latrines are fly proof (latrine with cover, no holes or crevices that allow flies to fly in and out; covered pit that prevents flies from entering;
3. Use of ash in the pit after defecation to eliminate odors and bacteria
4. Practice of hand washing (existence with clear signs of usage; accessible to all including children; fecal oral chain is to be interrupted-there is no more ingestion of excreta, dynamic community mechanisms in place to check OD
Source: Presented on behalf of the Global Sanitation Fund, WSSCC by Archana Patkar, Programme Manager NKM, WSSCC
GROUP WORK 1: DEFINITION OF ODF AND IDENTIFICATION OF ITS
COMPONENTS
With these examples as the context, the groups were divided based on their level of work, i.e., Community Level (consisting of Sarpanch, Gram Sevak); State Level; Development Practitioners and National Level experts and were asked to come up with a definition for ODF and to identify its components. The District Collector of Angul, Odisha was the only one from the district administration level, therefore he decided to work with the community level group as he works closely with them. Details on group presentations are attached as Annexure 3. The summary of the group wise presentations is given below along with the consensus on components of ODF. Group 1: Community Level
At this level, the key feature for defining ODF was identified as sustainability. The group identified that at least five years must be the period for ensuring ODF status.
Usage of toilets was more important than everyone having a toilet with people at different levels taking responsibility for this
Appropriate technology was also flagged as an important component for ODF as effluents from septic tank systems could cause more damage to the environment than even OD
Public toilets and institutional toilets were seen as an important requirement with a necessity for funds to be allocated to the GP- special emphasis on school toilets
As this group has grassroots level implementers, the scope was mainly limited to a Gram Panchayat or revenue village and was concerned with direct implications of the ODF definition. Keeping in mind their challenges and experience in
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
achieving ODF status, the components identified are recommendations that would help them on the ground. Group 2 and 3: State Level WASH Officials
Key aspects identified are behavior change related to usage of toilets and personal hygiene such as hand washing by all members of the community
Toilets in public spaces; community toilets for floating population and SLWM were seen as important components for ODF.
These participants were concerned primarily with physical existence of toilets for ensuring usage combined with personal hygiene to achieve ODF related outcomes such as improvement in health. Group 4 and 5: Development Partners
Participants in this group were concerned with access and usage to Safe and Sustainable solutions for disposal of excreta (including child feces) for everyone in the community.
Both the groups presented differing views on personal hygiene measures such as hand-washing, as one group was not sure it was ideal to place hand washing for all under ODF, while the other firmly included hand washing as a component for ODF.
From their perspective as sanitation practitioners, these participants have identified safe disposal and hygiene as critical areas for defining ODF status and not merely the presence of toilets in the community. Group 6: National Level Experts
Human excreta should be safely confined and not visible Usage of toilets by everyone, 100% Technology if it is (visibly) not safely confining feces, it is open, is not fly
proof etc., then it wont be a safe option. 100% Hand washing at critical times- both usage by people and at all times Public places to have clean, accessible, gender friendly toilets
This group summarized that overall the definition and components of ODF were part of this aspiration for an improvement in environmental sanitation as a whole in the rural setting. There is a need to define stages for achieving ODF and to identify components that are immediately required for safe disposal and confinement of human waste and personal hygiene measures to protect one’s health and wellbeing. At the end of the first group work, five components were identified to be key for defining ODF and identifying indicators for verification.
1. No visible shit in the open 2. Everyone using a safe toilet 3. Personal Hygiene- hand washing 4. Toilets in Institutions and Public Spaces 5. Solid and Liquid Waste Management
GROUP WORK 2: IDENTIFICATION OF INDICATORS FOR ODF As the components for ODF was identified, even though consensus was not reached on a definition for ODF, indicators for each of these components were
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
identified in the same groups as formed earlier. After a brief introduction to the process of identifying indicators, the group was informed of the basic characteristics of indicators. These are:
1. Indicators may be in the form of % (a denominator is essential) 2. Simplicity- easily understood; easy to collect 3. Easy to verify- monitor 4. Easy to aggregate- at different levels of administration
Detailed group presentations are attached as Annexure 4. The indicators listed below per component are the ones most people agreed upon through the discussion.
S. No
Components Indicators
1. No visible shit in the open*
1. No visible shit in the open (habitation/village/GP-states to decide)
2. Everyone with safe toilet 1. Usage- a) visible signs of proper usage b) survey questionnaire 2. Technology- a) Percentage of the toilets with no waste water observed to be leaking or overflowing or effluent is being disposed of in the environment
3. Personal hygiene-hand washing
1. Soap and water near toilet 2. Observation
4. Institutional and public spaces
1. Percentage age of institutions with WASH facilities a) separate for boys girls, schools, aaganwadi, PHCs b) Dhaba/hotels/Public places c)At Bus stands/office d)For Migrant/seasonal labour 2. MHM-arrangement in institutions, schools(Medium and high school, PHC)
5. SLWM 1.System of segregation, collection 2. System of safe disposal of solid waste in terms of percentage 3. Liquid waste – safe disposal of waste water in terms of percentage 4. Safe disposal of menstrual waste
Although there was some consensus on some of these indicators, several crucial issues and challenged were not addressed fully due to paucity of time, but were raised in the plenary. These are outlined below, per component. Issues/Challenges
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
Component 1- No ‘Visible’ Shit in the open 1. Administrative Unit should be GP itself for the National Level
Consideration. States can decide whether to look at GP, Revenue Village or Habitation.
2. We can recognize ODF achievement per village or habitation, as decided by the state. But certification should be given to the Gram Panchayat as a whole
3. No visible shit status to be ascertained by observation, transect walk etc. along with the criteria that there is no foul smell in the environment
Component 2- Every one using a safe toilet
1. The main discussion was on whether to include having a toilet as an indicator for verifying if everyone was using a toilet. But the consensus was reached that when we talk about everyone having a toilet, it simply results in counting toilets, as has been the case for the past few decades.
2. Usage can be estimated through NSSO data which currently is being done once every 5 years but should be changed to an annual survey
3. As per the guidelines under SBM, when the baseline is opened up every year, the number of households that require IHHLs keeps increasing both due to population growth and by those households who were previously using a shared, public or community toilet.
4. Safe disposal and safe confinement of waste to be important criteria for technology of toilet
Component 3- Hand washing
1. Hand washing and other behavior change parameters must be ascertained through observation mainly
2. Everyone cannot ensure hand washing at all times, such as at work sites, in the field etc
3. Focus to be more on the practice than only on knowledge
Component 4- Institutional and Public Space Toilets 1. Responsibility on the local governing bodies to ensure adequate toilets
with adequate water are available in the market areas, local institutions such as dhabas, petrol pumps and other areas frequented by members of the community
2. Adequate toilets made available at work sites by the contractor/employer through out the work period. The District Administration in the case of factories and other industries that the GP may not be able to influence must ensure this.
3. Mobile toilets may be the solution for workers that may move frequently 4. Women’s public toilets and at AWC, PHC, and other institutions to have
adequate water and option to safely dispose sanitary napkins (with privacy)
5. Separate and adequate toilets for boys and girls. Girls toilets to have adequate water and option to dispose sanitary napkins safely and with privacy
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
Component 5- Solid and Liquid Waste Management
1. The questions were around how to properly verify solid and liquid waste management
2. The idea was to first estimate the amount of solid waste generated to then estimate how much of that was being safely disposed.
3. The arrangement at the GP level to collect waste from each household and process it to produce manure is not profitable or sustainable as it ends up in heaps of manure that is not taken up for other purposes. Therefore, simple collection and processing of waste is not a clear indicator for solid waste management
4. The technology used for constructing toilets is also a measure for the amount of solid and liquid waste produced if the technology does not safely confine waste
5. Drains, sewers, canals etc., must not contain stagnant water or garbage that will lead to breeding of mosquitoes and flies.
Day 2: April 14th, 2015
GROUP WORK 3: STAGES OF ODF As the participants had an opportunity to reflect on the indicators identified on Day 1 as well as recognizing that the components may need to be achieved in stages, the groups were asked to relook at the indicators for any additions or corrections and to disaggregate the components into stages for certification of ODF. The major findings from the group exercises was that there was unanimity on the following to be in Stage 1- a) No visible shit in the open- child and adult; b) 100% Usage; c) Safe technology to confine waste and discharge. There was some difference of opinion to what extent public spaces should be covered in stage 1. One group said only schools and Anganwadi, another group placed a lot of emphasis on floating and mobile population while some other group placed a lot of emphasis on 100% toilets at institutional and public spaces. This needs to be looked at it in more detail. Personal Hygiene Measures such as Hand washing and Menstrual Hygiene Management were also placed in stage 2 with some debate. Hand washing was seen by some as crucial for all members at the critical times in stage 1 of ODF while some groups thought it would be more ideal to focus only on the mothers and caregivers. Knowledge on personal hygiene was seen to be an important step for Stage 1 by some groups while others saw practice as key. Details on group-wise presentations are attached as Annexure 5.
Discussion by Mr. Santosh Mehrotra, Professor, JNU The points mentioned about motivation by Mr. Thakre, we have taken for granted so far in our discussion. In order to understand the process by which we will reach
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
this stage of ODF, we need to use at least one process indicator and not just all output and outcome indicators. Some comments on this were:
1. Process indicators are important for early warning and to check if we are on the right track.
2. How much are we investing on motivation, behavior change and others 3. Capacity building is an important aspect of process indicators 4. Champions have made a difference in our experience- how do we
achieve these champions, we need to invest in leadership, it needs to be a strategy not just an indicator
5. Question: Should one motivator on a semi-permanent basis be made available at the habitation level as a Process Indicators
The discussion culminated with the understanding that these processes are to be invested in as part of the strategy. The participants agreed that process indicators were important to check the progress towards achieving outputs and outcomes, and this was kept in mind during the following group exercises on Verification Parameters.
GROUP WORK 4 AND 5- VERIFICATION: HOW? WHEN? WHO? The group wise presentations are attached as Annexure 6 and 7. The key lessons from the presentations are as follows:
1. Verification teams which are multidisciplinary in nature- inclusion of health personnel in the teams as they are one of the largest groups on the ground
2. Outside verification when we start looking at scale- it has not come through clearly how that will happen- but four groups talked about a 6 month check- not many people talked about a check at12 months or 18 months
3. Cross block and cross village monitoring – also as a platform for learning
4. Very clear emphasis on the government involvement at the Block level 5. Qualitative information in the form of FGDs, household level interviews
and others should be incorporated in addition to quantitative data- this could serve as a learning for other places as well
6. We didn’t really answer the question of what happens to the solid and liquid waste generated from institutions and in public spaces
7. Solid waste management is more of a problem when population density is high but in a rural setting, decentralized waste management is the key
8. Biomedical waste is to be treated separately 9. We can see a big difference between institutional and household level
requirements for verification 10. Gender and human development, disability aspects have come out
primarily in the institutional arrangements- Is it required to add more of a human dimension to the first stage of ODF?
11. Community monitoring should be invested in, as it is not an end in itself but a continuous process.
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
12. The teams that are responsible for verification should be sensitive and should undergo training so as not to convey the wrong message such as an inspection etc.
CLOSING COMMENTS It took us ten years last time to understand that while we were constructing toilets, toilets were missing all the time and no one was prepared to listen. The Goal is that this does not happen again. There must be concurrent data, every year, we should be able to assess where we are in our levels, and genuinely rate ourselves on a sanitation index of how well or not well we are doing. Different levels of administration should know about their own area to constantly assess but not declaration at a certain point of time. Sanitation is a question of safety, health and dignity, which needs to be consistently monitored and strived for. This workshop is the first step towards these deliberations and understanding on Open Defecation Free Status and this long journey to achieve improved sanitation, health and safety for all. The outcomes of this workshop will be presented to the Secretary, Government of India as recommendations for inclusion into policy. Context, capacity difference, geology, high population density due to religious and seasonal conditions will be taken into consideration while proposing recommendations. Gender and Human dimensions need to be highlighted further as there were very few women in the group, these aspects must be included with the highest commitment to ensure equitable and inclusive development as envisioned by the Government of India.
List of Annexures
Annexure 1: List of Participants
List of Annexures
Annexure 1: List of Participants
Sl.No Participant Name Designation State Mobile No E-mail
1.
Smt. Vijaylaxmi Joshi
Secretary, Ministry of
Drinking Water and
Sanitation,
Government of India
Delhi 011-
23061207
2.
Ms. Sandhya Singh
Joint Director (Stat),
Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation,
Government of India
Delhi 7838115499
n
3.
Ms. Archana Patkar
Program Manager,
Water Supply &
Sanitation
Collaborative Council
Geneva 9821233355
archana.patkar@wss
cc.org
4.
Mr. Vinod Mishra
National Coordinator,
Water Supply &
Sanitation
Collaborative Council
Delhi 9411107760
Vinodmishra2810@g
mail.com
5.
Mr. Wakeel Ahmad UNICEF Lucknow 9473584201
wakeel_ah06@yahoo
.com
6. Ms. Kirti Salunkhe Consultant
Maharasht
ra 9273383873
7.
Mr. Shishir Sinha
Principal
Secretary,PHED ,Govt
of Bihar
Bihar 9835020450 [email protected]
8. Mr. Depinder S
Kapur
Secretary, Indian
WASH Forum Delhi 9711178181
kapur.dipender@gm
ai.com
9.
Mr.B.K.Sawai
Director, Water
Sanitation Support
Orgnisation
Maharasht
ra 7506379630
directorwsso@gmail.
com
10.
Mr.Vijay B. Gawali
HRD Consultant,
Water Sanitation
Support Orgnisation
Maharasht
ra 9323290810 [email protected]
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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
11. Mrs.Sangita
Kashinath Bhange
Sarpanch Sudumbare,
G.P Sudumbare
Maharasht
ra 9604277437
12. Mr. Rakesh Kumar
Pandey CEO, Shramik Bharati
Uttar
Pradesh 9935535680
rakesh@shramikbhar
ati.org.in
13. Mr. N. Saratchandra
Singh
Executive Engineer,
PHED,Manipur Manipur 9436021589
saratneprama54@gm
ail. Com
14.
Mr. M.L. Haldkar
Chief Engineer,
Panchayatraj & Rural
Development
Chhattisgar
h 9425206741 [email protected]
15. Mr. L. Swamikanta
Singh Director,CCDU, Imphal Manipur 9436890275
ccdumanipur@gmail.
com
16. Dr. K.V. Devarajulu Director, WSSO Karnataka 9449838012
devarajulugsp@gmail
.com
17. Mr. Yusuf Kabir
Program Officer-
WASH, UNICEF
Maharasht
ra 9619533627 [email protected]
18.
Mr. J.P. Shukla
Chief ,Policy &
Program, Knowledge
Links
Uttar
Pradesh 9810540448
shukla.jprasad@gmai
l.com
19. Mr. Puneet Kumar
Srivastava
Manager-Policy,
WaterAid India
Uttar
Pradesh 8953255222
punitsrivastava
@wateraid.org
20. Mr.Sitaram
Bhishmacharya
Sharnangat
CLTS Consultant, CLTS
Foundation Gobal
West
Bengal 9765896390
om
21.
Mr.Govind Dhaske
Research Faculty, Tata
Institute Of Social
Science
Maharasht
ra 9819179377
du
22. Ms. Anjali Verma Consultant Delhi 9599600672
Anjalii.vermaa@gmai
l.com
23. Dr.Mallinath
Kalshetti
Chief Executive
Officer, Zila
Panchayat,Yavatrnal
Maharasht
ra 9422661265
mallinathkalshetti@g
mail.com
24. Mr.Sachin
Ramchandra Jadhav
Collector & DM, Angul,
Govt Of Odisha Odisha 9438676611
sachin.jadhav@gmail.
com
25.
Dr.Pramod Shinde
State Coordinator,
Water Sanitation
Support Organization
Maharasht
ra 9422329795
pramodshindeosd@g
mail.com
17
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
26.
Mr.Rahul Sakore
Dy.CEO Water &
Sanitation, Water
Sanitation Support
Organization
Maharasht
ra 9923371976
om
27. Prof. Santosh
Mehrotra
Professor, Jawaharlal
Nehru University Delhi 9868149193
santoshmeh@gmail.
com
28.
Mr. Deepak Sanan
Additional Chief
Secretary, Govt. of
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal
Pradesh
0177-
2622080
deepak_sanan@hot
mail.com
29.
Mr. Nisheeth Kumar Chief, Knowledge Links Uttar
Pradesh 9810514693
Nisheethkumar5@g
mail.com
30. Mr. M. Kullappa
Sr. Water & Sanitation
Specialist, WSP Delhi 9848159046
mkullappa@worldba
nk.org
31.
Mr. R. K. Srinivasan
Technical Advisor,
WASH, Plan
International
Delhi rksrinivasan@planind
ia.org
32. Mr. Dipankar Datta
Advisor, CLTS
Foundation Gobal
West
Bengal 9437049498
dipankar2kbd@yaho
o.com
33. Ms. Vijeta Rao Consultant Telangana 8790985764 [email protected]
34. Mr.Naveshwar
Patidar
BCC Specialist, Rural
Development Dept,
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya
Pradesh 9425919862
nspatidar1981@gmai
.com
35.
Mr. A. Ramulu Naik
Chief Engineer &
Project Director
SWSM, RWSD
Telangana 8886331290
36. Mr. Ajit Tiwari
Dy.Commissioner
,SWSM
Madhya
Pradesh 9425085665
m
37. Dr. Prabhakar Sinha
Director,Watsan,
DFID,Patna Bihar 8292774489
m
38. Mr. MD. S. Jawaid Director, PMU Bihar 9835848933
n
39. Mr. Sujoy Mojumdar
Sr. WASH Specialist,
UNICEF Delhi 9717402345
rg
40. Ms. Madhavi
Purohit
Manager-
Communications,
Arghayam
Bangalore 7829523566 [email protected]
rg
18
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
41. Mr. Saleem
Mohammad,
Director ,Rural
Sanitation
Jammu and
Kashmir 9419142827 [email protected]
42. Mr. Ayan Biswas
Manager- Advocacy,
Arghayam Karnataka 9535162028 [email protected]
43. Mr. Rajnikant
Pandey
Chief Engineer, PHED
and State Coordinator,
SBM
Meghalaya 9436102893 rajanikant.pndy@gm
ail.com
44. Mr. Allan Lalthalura
Executive Engineer,
PHED, Mizoram Mizoram 9436142121 [email protected]
45. Mr. Ajit Phadnis Director, PRIMOVE
Maharasht
ra 9822009626
aphadnis@primovein
dia.com
46. Mr. Sampathraj
Manager-Advocacy,
Gramalaya Tamilnadu 8508916331
gramalaya@hotmail.
com
47. Mr. Bhagora
Bachubhai R.
Deputy Secretary,
Govt. of Gujarat Gujarat 9429618024
v.in
48. Mr. T. Ketan
Chief Engineer, PHED,
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal
Pradesh 9436044129
om
49.
Mr. R.K. Mehta
State Coordinator,
Panchayati Raj & Rural
Development
Haryana 9417194189 [email protected]
m
50. Mr. Jagdish C.
HRD Consultant, SBM-
RWSSD Karnataka 9448396582 [email protected]
51.
Mr. A. Kalimuthu, Country Director,
Water for People Delhi 98088888
akalimuthu@waterf
orpeople.org
52. Mr. Bhim Singh
Project Manager,
Swajal Uttarakhand
Uttarakhan
d 9758497500
bhim.chawhan@yaho
o.com
53. Mr. Paire Bhaskar
Shahdev Sarpanch, GP Patoda
Maharasht
ra 9850822889
54. Mr. Gopinath
Sampat Khomane
Gramsevak, GP
Somatane
Maharasht
ra 9049980467
gopinathkhomane@g
mail.com
55. Mr. Soma Prabhu
Khaire
Gramsevak, GP
Shivane
Maharasht
ra 9923495132
somapkhaire@gmail.
com
56. Mr.Sharad Ambudas
Dhole
Gramsevak, Panchyat
Samiti Maval
Maharasht
ra 9011071619
sharaddhole58@gma
il.com
57. Ms.Urmpla Sandeep
Murhe
Sarpanch, GP
Somatane
Maharasht
ra 9921181311
19
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
58. Mr. Santosh Dagadu
Thikekar
Sarpanch, GP
Thikekarwadi
Maharasht
ra 9860055001
gramthikekarwadi@g
mail.com
59. Mr.Rahul Narhari
Gavhane
Sarpanch, GP
Dingrajwadi
Maharasht
ra 9922775555
60. Mr.Kailas babaji
Fakatkar
Gramsevak, Panchayat
Samiti Junner
Maharasht
ra 9552704554
kbfakatkar99@gmail.
com
61. Rajiv K. Raman Consultant, WSP-SA New Delhi 9342247222
om
62.
Sudhir Thakre
Retired Principal
Secretary, WSS,
Government of
Maharashtra
Maharasht
ra 98689259218
sudhirthakre@rediff
mail.com
Annexure 2: Workshop Agenda Day 1 (13th April)
Timings Activities Facilitator
9.00-9.30 Registration Anjali, Kirti
Inaugural session
9.30-9.40 Welcome - Vinod Mishra- National Coordinator,
WSSCC,India
9.30-9.35 Objective and overview of workshop- Archana Patkar
Programme Manager, WSSCC Geneva
9.40-9.45 SBM, Objective- Ms. Sandhya Singh, Joint Director,
Ministry of Drinking Water
9.45-10.00 Key Note Address by Smt.Vijaylaxmi Joshi, Secretary,
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
10.00-10.20
10.15 -10.45
Introductions of Participants
Defining Open Defecation Free – Snapshots and lessons
from around the world ( inclusion, moving up the sanitation
ladder, slippage and sustainability) Verification snapshots
from around the world
Nisheeth Kumar
ArchanaPatkar
Deepak Sanan
10.45-11.00 Tea Break
11.00-12.00
12.00-13.30
Defining Open Defecation Free (ODF): Group exercises
Group work (5 groups) Defining ODF and listing its
components
Groups present and discussion in plenary
Outcome: Definition of ODF with agreed components
Nisheeth Kumar
Vinod Mishra
13.30-14.30 Lunch
14.30-16.00 Indicators
Defining indicators against each component
Santosh Mehrotra and
Sujoy Mojumdar
20
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
Day 2 (14th April)
Timings Activities Facilitator
8.30-10.00
Completion of Day 1
discussions
Verification:
What to collect
How to collect
When and how often
Group work.
Archana Patkar
5 groups
• Usage of toilets
• Sanitation technologies
• Hygiene
• Public, institutions
• Solid and liquid waste
management
10.00-11.15
Keynote Address: How we
achieved collective
behavior change in
Maharashtra
Sudhir Thakre, retired Principal
Secretary, Rural Development
Department
11.15-12.00 Tea Break
12.00-13.30
Presentation of group work
in plenary
Discussion
Testing, learning,
reflection, research and
awards
Outcome: Indicative
process of ODF
verification
Archana Patkar
13.30-14.30 Lunch Break
14.30-15.45
Developing a verification
framework for inclusive
and sustainable ODF Part
II- community, block,
district, state, nation,
special contexts.
Archana Patkar
Group presentations
16.00-16.15 Tea
16.15-17.00 Discussion in plenary
Outcome: Indicators against each component
Santosh Mehrotra/Sujoy
Mojumdar
17.00-18.00
Key questions and discussions
What is an Open Defecation Free community unit (GP,
block, district, state): agreement on basic definition,
principles (hygiene, inclusion and sustainability are centre
stage).
Outcomes
Sujoy
Mojumdar/Deepak
Sanan
21
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
15.45-16.30 Way forward and
valediction GOI
Archana Patkar, Deepak Sanan
Vinod Mishra
Annexure 3: Group Work 1- Definition of ODF with agreed components
Group Definition
Group 1-
Community,
Sarpanches,
Gram Sevak,
Collcetor
• The toilet usage should sustain for at least 5 years for each household.
• All the household must have a usable latrine with appropriate technology
• Public places like weekly haats should have separate men and women toilets
It should be in appropriate numbers
It should be maintained by the respective GP
• 2 year solid and liquid waste management, awards at each level, don’t give award
to the sarpanch since a lot of politics is involved.
• Dhaba/hotels along the highway and roads should have maintained, clean, usable
latrines. The authority to ensure the presence of these toilets should be given
to the respective GP.
• Use of appropriate technology-septic tanks are not constructed, weekly haats and
public spaces should have toilets- this can be in 3rd or 4th year, funds from
central/state level. there are community spaces
• All the villages on highway should have compulsory public toilets maintained by
the villages. GP should be punished
• Schools should have 2 toilets
• SLWM is the most important part- if the waste is not managed then there is no
use of toilets
Group 2-
State Level
Functionaries
An open defecation free community is the one which own the means and resources
of sanitation and neither itself defecates in the open and nor it allows others and also
practices personal hygiene.
Components-
1. Behaviour change
2. Availability and usage of toilet
3. Availability of toilets in public spaces and institutions
4. Solid and Liquid Waste Management
Group 3-
State level
functionaries
Components-
1. No human excreta in the open in the GP/locality/community
2. every household should have a sanitary latrine and community toilets
3. No prevalence of Water borne diseases
4. Proper solid and liquid waste management and disposal
Group 4-
Development
Partners
ODF is access and usage of safe sanitation facility, including safe disposal of child
feces, by everyone, everywhere and at all the times
Components suggested-
1. Hygiene- should safe hand washing be included?
2. Everyone, everywhere- is it practical?
3. toilets should be
• Available, accessible, and should be used
• usable, should maintainable and technically feasible
4. Need to define the standards of safe sanitation in various contexts
• high ground water
• waste as a resource
5. Solution for mela, public places, haats , floating population, institutional settings
6. Low and affordable operational & maintenance cost.
Group 5-
Development
Partner
It is a condition where every member of the community (including floating
population) and institutions in the habitation are using the safe and sustainable
excreta disposal options along with practicing personal hygiene and has an in-built
community monitoring mechanism
23
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
The various components identified in this definition have been underlined.
Group 6-
national level
experts
1. Absence of human excreta in the environment
2. Safe confinement of excreta- this should be approached through both usage and
technology.
3. Hygienic practices (practices)& safe usage practices as well as water storage
practices
4.Separate toilets in public spaces
5. Safe solid and liquid waste disposal and management
Distinction between ODF as a goal and what is really required to declare ODF- Can
ODF be achieved in stages
• usage is 100%
• Technology
• Hygiene practices
• Toilets in public spaces
• SLWM
The issue of sustainability was underlined in all the above components and all the groups agreed to
this
Annexure 4: Group Work 2- Indicators against each component
Component
s
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6
No visible
shit in the
open
1.Each
household
has a toilet
1. In all the
groups of the
community
there is an
awareness
about the
prohibition
of open
defecation,
if not then
100% of the
community
should be
made aware-
through GP
meeting and
FGDs
2. To map
the
defecation
areas and
then
verification
of no OD in
those areas
3.Effective
community
monitoring
1.Sight-
traces of
urine, shit
2. Smell-
foul
3.Non
prevalence
of flies
4. Non
prevalence
of water
borne
diseases
5. Colour of
waste water
6.
Assessment
of the latrine
coverage
-------------
1.No. of
habitations
in GP
reported
with no
visible shit
2. No. of
persons
found going
for OD in
the
habitation
1. No visible
sign of open
defecation in
the GP
Everyone
with safe
toilet
Public toilet
for floating
population
---------------
------
---------------
------
---------------
------
---------------
------
1. Usage-
Observation
of visible
signs and
questions
and surveys
a1 .Safe
technology-
no untreated
effluent is
discharged
a.2 No fecal
bacteria in
drinking
water
sources
Personal
hygiene-
hand
washing
1. Mapping
of a definite
spot for hand
washing and
1.
Availability
of soap and
water near
25
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
availability
of soap and
water in
those spots
2. Washing
of hands
after
defecation,
cleaning a
child’s
bottom,
before
cooking and
before
eating
3. Hand
washing
facilities in
public
spaces and
their
continuous
use
4.
Availability
of clean and
safe
drinking
water
---------------
------
---------------
------
---------------
------
toilet
2. Self-
reporting/ob
servation
Institutiona
l and public
spaces
1. Ladies
and gents
toilets in
schools,
AWC, GP
office, other
offices,
places of
pilgrimage
---------------
------
---------------
------
---------------
------
1.
Percentage
of
institutions
having
adequate
and
functional
WASH
facilities
2.
Percentage
of persons
using
institutional
WASH
facilities
1. Separate
toilets for
men and
women in
schools,
aaganwadis,
health
centers
2. Adequate
water for
hygiene and
cleaning
3. women
toilets have
water inside
it and MHM
facilities in
schools and
health
26
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
centers
Solid and
Liquid
Water
Manageme
nt
1. For Solid
waste-
Segregation
of dry and
wet waste at
the HH level
2.
Transportati
on from HH
to dump
yard
3.
Processing
unit at dump
yard
4. For
Liquid
Waste-
Closed
gutter with
chambers
5. Soak pit
for scattered
HH
6. Kitchen
garden at the
HH level
7. Treatment
of liquid
waste
---------------
------
---------------
------
1.
Percentage
of toilets
where no
waste water
is observed
to be leaking
or
overflowing
or effluent
being
disposed in
open or in
water bodies
2.
Percentage
of families
with
livestock
with
established
arrangement
s of safe
disposal of
animal
waste
3.
Percentage
of families
established
system of
collection of
recyclable
solid waste
4.
Percentage
of villages
having
established
system of
cleaning
drains and
public
spaces
---------------
------
1.
Estimation
of safe
disposal as a
percentage
of total
waste
generated-
• animal
wast
e
• liquid
wast
e
• hazardous
and
biom
edica
l
wast
e
• other solid
wast
e
Annexure 5: Stages of achieving the identified components of ODF Status
Stage/G
roup Stage 1 Stage 2
Group 1
Component 1-Component-1-No visible shit in the open
1. No defecation in the open
2. Zero percentage misuse of the toilet
3.Randomly pit checking
4.Well-constructed toilet
5. Latrines for floating population
--------------------------------------
--
Group 2
Component-1-No visible shit in the open
1. There is no visible shit in the open
2. Visible sign of total usage
Component 2- Everyone with a safe toilet
1. Safe confinement of faeces
Component-3 Personal Hygiene
1. Soap and water near the toilet
2. Hand washing practices-observation based
Component -4- Institutional and public spaces
1. Separate WASH facilities in schools, AWCs,
offices, bus stands
This stage should be achieved in six months
Component 4- Institutional
and public spaces
1. WASH facilities in
dhabas/hotels and all the public
places
2. For migrant labour
3. MHM arrangements in all
schools
Component 5- Solid and
Liquid Waste Management
This stage should be achieved
in one year
Group 3
Component 1-No visible shit in the open
a. No visible shit in the open
b. No foul smell
c. safe disposal of faeces
d. visible sign of proper usage present
e. Soap and water near toilet
Component 5-Safe disposal of
solid and liquid waste
Group 4
Component 1-No visible shit in the open
1. Human faeces is completely absent in the
domestic environment and in the public spaces in a
revenue village
Component 2-Everyone with a safe toilet
1. Everyone- X% have a individual toilet and x
have shared
2. Safe—technologically sound, superstructure
which is safe and allows dignity
Component 3- Personal hygiene-(mostly awareness)
1. It should only be for mother and care givers with
soap and water(some disagreement in the group on
whether it should be for all)
Component 3-Personal
Hygiene(monitoring the
practice)
Component 5- Solid and
Liquid Waste Management
Group 5
Component 1- No visible shit in the open
1. 100% people use toilet which can be individual,
shared or community
Component 2-Everyone with a safe toilet
1. Toilet technology-all the toilets are fly proof
with safe containment and confinement of faeces
Component 4- Institutional and public spaces
1. Institutional- all the schools and aaganwadis
have safe toilet
28
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
Commo
nalities
Component 1-No visible shit in the open
1. Safe disposal of human and child excreta
Component 2- Everyone with a safe toilet
1. 100% usage
2. safe confinement to prevent discharge
3. Toilet with a superstructure that guarantees
safety, privacy and dignity
Component 3- Personal Hygiene and Hand washing
1. Hand washing with soap and water essentially
for mothers and care takers
Component 5-Solid and
Liquid Water Management
1. 100% should be
achieved in second
phase
Component 4-Toilet in
institutions and public spaces
1. Institutional scope
can be determined
Annexure 6: Stage 1 Verification- What to Collect, How to Collect, When
and How Often
Gro
ups Indicator How When By Whom
Gro
up 1
1. No visible
shit in open
Through observation a
checklist should be developed
of what to verify
Interactions with the
community
The verification of toilet usage
should be done through
surprise visits
After the resolution
of gram sabha – a
proposal should be
given by the gram
sabha to the
Panchayat Samiti
that village should
be verified
The verification should at
three levels-
• At the block level
• At the district level and
• At the state level- a
media person should be a
part of the team
Sarpanch from OFD
/NGP village should be
part of verification team
on priority basis.
Gro
up 2
1. No visible
shit in open
• Physical verification and
documentation of the slippage
evidences
Through FGDs
At the district level-
• All the GPs should be verified
at the district level including
all the institutional spaces
Within two months
of the submission of
the proposal given
to the Block
Panchayats
The verification
should be done
continuously for
three years
At the GP level-
After a proposal for
verification is given by
the gram sabha to the
block panchayat
At the block level-
A verification committee
comprising-
1. Administrative office
2. NGO representative
3. A representative from
another GP
There should a four
member committee for a
GP with less than 500
HHs
A similar committee
should be formed at the
district level
Gro
up 3
1. 100% usage
of toilet
A scorecard of the community
should be developed and
a VWSC should be formed to
do this exercise which should
include health workers(with
health data), aaganwadi
teacher(with data on school
children) and gram sabha
members who will then look
at the scenario of past one year
and together they should
decide whether they are ODF
or not.
• As per the
convenience of
the people- as to
whenever they
think they have
become ODF
• It should be done
every six months
30
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
Gro
up 4
1. No visible
shit in the open
• Transact walk
• Photos of open
defecation/feces
• ODF declaration
can be done
by the
community
once
• Certification
should be
done within
2 weeks of
application
of GP
• Level 1- should be
done by the GP
• Level 2- by external
verification team
• These teams
should be
interdiscip
linary
• These teams
should
also have
people
from other
blocks
2. 100% people
are using safe
toilets
at household level- Physical
observation
in schools and aaganwadis
also through observation
safe confinement of feces
Ensuring superstructure
Same
Same
3. Hand
washing at
critical
times(in
schools and
AWCs)
Observation of facility and
practices
Same
Same
Gro
up 5
1. No shit in
open
• FGDs with stakeholders
• Transact walk
• Secondary data
• Reports from GP
Use of children as key
informants
Each district should be
verified but the sample size of
the GP can be decided by the
respective states
There should be
two rounds of
verification-
One should be
within 3 months of
verification and the
second one should
be within 6 months
after the first one.
The verification should
be done by a third party
and it should be
multidisciplinary team
including people from
CCDU and WASSO
2. All toilets
are fly proof
and there is
safe
containment of
fecal discharge
Household verification of
toilets and sample checking of
overflow of septic tanks
A checklist should be
developed of various
components of toilets
31
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
3. Institutional
WASH facility
Visits in schools and other
institutions to observe
availability and usage
FGD with school stakeholder
Annexure 7: Stage 2 Verification- What to collect, How to collect, when and how
often G
ro
u
p
Indicator How When By
whom
1 1. Solid and Liquid Waste Management
The physical verification of the
following components-
1.Segregation of waste at HH
2.Waste- treated and recycled
3.garbage piles not visible
4.animal waste disposed properly
5.Management of liquid waste in
proper gutter and kitchen gardens
6.Treatment and re-use of liquid
waste
---------
---
1. Solid
and
Liquid
Waste
Manage
ment
2
1. Toilets in Institutions and public spaces-
These include:
Schools
Anganwadi and all other institutions at the
GP level
Religious places
Commercial institution
---------- Every
15 days
By at
least a 6
member
committe
e with 3
female
members
.
3 1. Toilets at institutional and public spaces
1. In schools
Primary level-
a. Separate toilet for boys and girls
b. Child friendly, safe and secure
At the high school level-
a.Safe disposal of menstrual waste
The observation at the school level
should include
-No. of toilets
-availability of water
- there is enough light in the toilet
-Hand washing facilities
-Provision for physically challenge
At the PHC the observation should
include the following-
Facilities for safe disposal of
menstrual and medical waste-
incinerator
33
First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015
4
Under the component of solid and liquid
waste management the following three
sub indicators have been suggested-
1. Percentage of toilets where no waste
water is observed to be leaking,
overflowing or effluent is being disposed
openly or in any water body
2. Percentage of families having livestock
with established arrangements for safe
disposal of animal waste
3. Percentage of families covered under
established system for periodic collection
& safe disposal of inorganic waste
4.Villages having established system of
cleaning drains and public places
periodically
5. System established for periodic
collection and safe disposal of medical,
hazardous and other waste from health
centres, dhabas, marketplace etc.
• Transact walk
• FGDs
• Observation
• Questionnaire both qualitative
and quantitative
After
six
months
of
stage- 1
verifica
tion
Verificat
ion teams
at the GP
level
5
1. Personal Hygiene-
the indicators covered within personal
hygiene are-
1. Percentage of people washing hands
with soap at critical times-when chances
of infection and contamination are high
2. Percentage of HHs with infants
disposing child excreta in toilet
3. Percentage of household practicing safe
handling and storage of treated water
4. Percentage of girls and women are
aware and practicing safe MHM practices
Secret Ballot- People are asked to
throw pebbles in two different
ballots, one for washing and the
other for not, secretly (so they are
not embarrassed publicly) after
taking an oath on lying about it.
• FGDs
• Personal interviews
• Home visit
• Sample surveys
Monthl
y or
quarterl
y-
whiche
ver is
more
feasible
1.
Commun
ity based
groups
2.
ASHA/A
NM
3. Team
of
Children
4. Team
of school
girls
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