National Consultative Workshop on Defining and Measuring … · 2018-04-25 · 3 First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015 This

National Consultative Workshop on Defining and Measuring Swachhata: Parameters for Open Defecation Free Communities/Villages/Gram Panchayats under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

Yashada-Pune, Maharashtra, April 13-14, 2015

The two day residential workshop had a Pan-India representation of national, state, district, Gram Panchayat and community level functionaries and practitioners. Through a series of discussions, group exercises and plenary synthesis sessions: What is Open Defecation Free and therefore, How, when to measure or verify it were discussed for a Swachh Bharat. This report captures the detailed deliberations, discussions, questions and outcomes of the workshop.

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First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The purpose of this report is to record the deliberations and recommendations of the participants at the workshop and is prepared by Vijeta Rao and Anjali Verma engaged by IDS Sussex and WSSCC respectively. The report preparation was coordinated and guided by WSSCC. Workshop preparations were coordinated and led by Vinod Mishra, WSSCC National Coordinator under whose guidance Kirti Salunkhe, Anjali Verma and Wakeel Ahmed made all preparations. Special thanks are due to Hema Nimbalkar, Director, Yashada, Pune and her team for the excellent conditions under which this workshop was run and its participants lodged and boarded. We are grateful to Deepak Sanan, Nisheeth Kumar, Santosh Mehrotra and Sujoy Mojumdar who co facilitated some of the sessions with Archana Patkar and Vinod Mishra.

THIS REPORT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A POWERPOINT SUMMARISING THE

KEY OUTCOMES OF THE WORKSHOP AND A SUMMARY NOTE.

BACKGROUND Swacch Bharat Mission (SBM) sets the target of an Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019. It is a huge challenge, which calls for developing reliable indicators and parameters for ODF communities so that implementers can confirm the ODF status and also verify the outcomes. Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India suggested organizing a National Consultative Workshop to develop these indicators as per the stated objectives of SBM. The Objectives of the workshop were:

1. To define what constitutes Swachhata with a focus on What is Open Defecation Free status and its various stages.

2. To define reliable, verifiable indicators and parameters of ODF 3. To define key parameters for good verification processes

SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE WORKSHOP Message from Programme Manager, WSSCC This workshop represents a watershed moment, as there is a pressing need to clearly define, consolidate and harmonise the myriad interpretations and ways of working on collective behavior change in order to achieve Swachh Bharat within which living in an open defecation free community is a basic requirement. For the first time, Swachh Bharat Mission clearly spells out Open Defecation Free Villages as the outcome beyond just counting the number of toilets constructed. We have all been working towards this goal, however, there is no clear, definitive understanding of what it means to be ODF, what are its elements and how we will verify and sustain this state.

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This workshop is to take stock, with clear indicators for us to get the job done, keeping in mind that they need to be simple and easy to understand. The whole developing world is grappling with this, we are not alone as countries face this problem across Africa, Asia and South East Asia. But as India has the most number of people defecating in the open globally, India needs to do this most urgently in order to understand where it stands, how much more needs to be done, what is going right and what needs to be changed or corrected. The Open Working Group’s proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a stand alone goal on water and sanitation along with a cross cutting theme of equality and inclusion. Water and sanitation services are reflected in education, health, gender and environmental goals in this proposal. It is not about the number of toilets constructed but their quality, safety, usage and maintenance to break the fecal oral transmission while also guaranteeing privacy and convenience. Without hand washing and personal hygiene dimension, this cannot be possible and there is no point talking about ODF. There is also no point counting toilets if we omit the elderly, disabled people, menstruating women and girls or pregnant women and caregivers in the race for swachhata as many groups and individuals will be left out defeating the purpose. The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council is committed and excited to support the Ministry of Drinking Water and sanitation, Government of India and states in their goal to achieve a Swachha Bharat which guarantees human and environmental safety and dignity through safe sanitation and hygiene services for all. Key Note Address from Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GoI This journey all began with the iconic speech by the Prime Minister on August 15th at Red Fort where he brought up the lack of sanitation for all as an important are for development. The Swachh Bharat Mission was announced on October 2nd with a clear understanding that ODF villages must be seen as the goal with usage being the key measure for achieving outcomes. There’s been a hard learning that simply constructing toilet does not ensure usage. We have seen that toilets constructed being used for a variety of purposes such as storage, cattle shed etc., therefore it is a huge problem of behavior change. We need to understand that such change may not come through individual action, but a community can decide collectively to stop this practice of open defecation and come up with ways to ensure its sustainability. When we construct our own toilet, we have a stake in it and we can ensure accountability. Government funds may be used to assist, to reward and as an incentive but not so it becomes a government toilet. The major questions to be asked when trying to come up with a clear definition for ODF and its measurement and verification are, what does it mean to be ODF? If there is no shit visible in the living area, should we say that the village is ODF? Can a simple definition be brought about mainly on usage of latrines? What about verification, what are the elements and who does the verification? Sustainability is another very important area of discussion, what happens after becoming ODF? When trying to come up with a definition, it is important to keep it very simple

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and understandable. Let’s not concentrate on making it so technically sound that the person who is collecting this information on the ground does not understand it at all. We would like to see several aspects covered in this definition, but let us try to avoid putting everything into it, as we are not yet at the stage of achieving a ‘sanitized’ village. We will try to go stage by stage focusing majorly on water, sanitation and hygiene. It is hoped that a pertinent, simple and understandable definition and verification indicators may be brought out through this two-day workshop. Message from Deepak Sanan, Secretary outlined very well the issues that resonate with all of us who have been working in this for the last ten fifteen years. Firstly, when we talk about ODF, why is it really important? This is a significant step because we forgot why ODF, we thought sanitation was about toilets. A lot of people called the decade of 2001-2011 as a sanitation revolution. All the figures showed a tremendous increase in the number of households provided with toilets however when Census 2011 came out and only around 30% of toilets were available, the huge bubble was burst and we realized that counting toilets was not enough. We didn’t bring it upfront that sanitation is in essence, a public good, because without everybody participating it no body gains. In the fine analysis, sanitation only benefits if everybody adheres. The biggest sign is that there is some research that emerged that the children in the richest quintile of people are two and half times shorter. There may be some debate regarding this but what is clear is that it is an important milestone to say ODF in the guidelines and we are not counting toilets. What is key is to break the fecal –oral change and emphasize safety- safe technology that safely confines fecal matter separating it from human contact for better health. This is an opportunity to all agree what we are trying to achieve and how we will measure it. Mr. Sudhir Thakre, retired Principal Secretary, Rural Development Department, on the Maharashtra Experience, by special invitation Mr. Sudhir Thakre spearheaded the state-led Sant Gadge Baba sanitation and cleanliness campaign in 2002 in Maharashtra inspiring many facets of the national Total Sanitation Campaign, Nirmal Gram Puraskar and the more recent Eco-Village Program in Maharashtra. Mr. Thakre shared his experiences in implementing a successful sanitation campaign at a time when the rest of the country was still focused on construction of toilets. He realized very early that toilets are not about construction but more about attitude and behavior change, but how do we do this? How do we change the mindset and motivate individuals to use it? How do we look at sanitation from a holistic point of view? Firstly, we started with a behavior change campaign. The question in people’s mind should be why sanitation? Why should we have a toilet in our household or use a latrine? We involved everyone from Sarpanch to the

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District Administration in the behavior change campaign. This was the Sant Gadge Baba Campaign. Instead of choosing a Bollywood celebrity or politician the campaign was attached to an iconic figure- Gadge Baba who collected scrap and waste door to door and demonstrated ow it could be utilized to generate wealth. This was the first emotional trigger We need to motivate the administrative machinery as well as they are the ones that are spending large amounts of money on constructing toilets, we need to change this. The campaign developed a strategy called SHADE: Safety, Health, Ambience, Dignity and Economy. Toilet is not only necessary for defecation but for safety of women and men, for dignity and privacy. Health is the most important angle for addressing the community and driving a change in behavior. The living environment and the surroundings need to be clean therefore ambience is very important. The toilets can produce fertilizer/manure, which can generate income. So all of these messages were incorporated into our behavior change campaign through brochures, pamphlets, advertisements and other methods. The idea was to create hatred towards open defecation and poor sanitation practices, anger towards the lack of dignity and privacy for the elderly, women and young girls and love towards a clean environment, a sanitized village. It was the use of these three triggers that brought about the change in behavior and a change in mindset from construction of toilets to the emphasis on utilization for improved health, dignity and quality of life. The Maharashtra sanitation success as shared by Mr. Thakre, was achieved in a 2 phase programme mode with full backing at the state level(political and administrative). In the first stage there was basic motivational work done at scale followed by community incentives(prize money at GP, Block, District, Division and State level). In the second stage the targets for community incentives were made more realistic( ODF achievement rewarded in stages and not 100%) and merged with other rural development programmes. Summary of Key points made by Mr Thakre on the Maharashtra ODF experience;

1. It is unfair to expect all GPs to achieve 100% ODF levels in one go. Majority of the GPs will not achieve 100% ODF even after 2-3 years. Hence it is important to encourage communities that have reached 60%, 70% and 80% ODF community status. Inter village competition(for ODF prizes) alone cannot deliver ODF at scale. Nor can coercion and punishments.

2. It is important to appreciate the step wise progress to achieve ODF communities. The first stage of moving from open defecation to fixed point defecation, basic steps like covering shit with mud is a first stage of achieving sanitary ODF outcomes later.

3. Santa Gadge Baba also realized that individual incentives for toilets are needed to ensure the poorest get some support to build toilets

4. Precede the sanitation programme at state level with orientation, training of staff and a long period(4 to 6 months) of village level motivation campaigning(on need and benefits of sanitation and cleanliness). Don’t start with triggering and CLTS directly. Engage all human resources available in the state including NGOs and civil society.

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5. Regulations need to be brought in, once a critical mass in the community internalize the sanitation practices, to make laggards fall in line so that they respond to peer pressure and join in the collective behavior change.

6. De politicise the government programme to make it a social development programme. Maharashtra named it after Sant Gadge Baba and not after a politician.

7. Without political commitment at the state level that promotes swachhta as a desirable goal and ably assisted by a bureaucratic leadership – it is impossible to achieve ODF at scale in a programme approach

GLOBAL CONTEXT Before embarking on this exercise to define and identify indicators for ODF, it is important to look at examples from other countries grappling with the same problems. These examples may provide the necessary outline for developing our own definitions and trying to understand the extent and scope of ODF as defined by other countries.

S. No

Country Strategy

1 Benin 1. Defining ODF: villages may be certified ODF if they meet the following four criteria

a. No OD zones in the locality; b. Every HH has access to a hygienic latrine

(covers, no flies) c. Latrines are well used and maintained; d. Each latrine is accompanied by a hand

washing station (water+soap or water+ash) which is regularly used and maintained

2. Verifying ODF: This process must follow certain guidelines

a. Monitoring focal point requests the start/launch of the verification process when he or she feels the village is ready at the commune level

b. Certification process- mayor, commune chief, village hygiene assistant and the chief of hygiene and sanitation from the mayor’s office

c. All four joint verification, if it is yes across the four criteria, the village is certified ODF and certificate is issued; If no, the group makes recommendations to the commune and fixes a new date for the next evaluation

d. If the community is certified ODF, monitoring continues for 12 months to ascertain this status is maintained

2 Malawi ODF is certified and verified in two levels: 1. Level 1: every HH uses a latrine with privacy,

there is no shit in the bush (100% latrine coverage, sharing is acceptable)

2. Level 2: ODF ++: every HH has a latrine with cover and hand washing facility; including all religious institutions, market centers, and health centers

3 Madagascar ODF status is defined when the following criteria is met: 1. No OD (use of latrines by full community adults

and children; no human excreta outside, inside the pan or around the latrine; all tissue paper or

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cleaning materials are stored in a covered contained or thrown directly into the latrine pit/hole

2. All latrines are fly proof (latrine with cover, no holes or crevices that allow flies to fly in and out; covered pit that prevents flies from entering;

3. Use of ash in the pit after defecation to eliminate odors and bacteria

4. Practice of hand washing (existence with clear signs of usage; accessible to all including children; fecal oral chain is to be interrupted-there is no more ingestion of excreta, dynamic community mechanisms in place to check OD

Source: Presented on behalf of the Global Sanitation Fund, WSSCC by Archana Patkar, Programme Manager NKM, WSSCC

GROUP WORK 1: DEFINITION OF ODF AND IDENTIFICATION OF ITS

COMPONENTS

With these examples as the context, the groups were divided based on their level of work, i.e., Community Level (consisting of Sarpanch, Gram Sevak); State Level; Development Practitioners and National Level experts and were asked to come up with a definition for ODF and to identify its components. The District Collector of Angul, Odisha was the only one from the district administration level, therefore he decided to work with the community level group as he works closely with them. Details on group presentations are attached as Annexure 3. The summary of the group wise presentations is given below along with the consensus on components of ODF. Group 1: Community Level

At this level, the key feature for defining ODF was identified as sustainability. The group identified that at least five years must be the period for ensuring ODF status.

Usage of toilets was more important than everyone having a toilet with people at different levels taking responsibility for this

Appropriate technology was also flagged as an important component for ODF as effluents from septic tank systems could cause more damage to the environment than even OD

Public toilets and institutional toilets were seen as an important requirement with a necessity for funds to be allocated to the GP- special emphasis on school toilets

As this group has grassroots level implementers, the scope was mainly limited to a Gram Panchayat or revenue village and was concerned with direct implications of the ODF definition. Keeping in mind their challenges and experience in

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achieving ODF status, the components identified are recommendations that would help them on the ground. Group 2 and 3: State Level WASH Officials

Key aspects identified are behavior change related to usage of toilets and personal hygiene such as hand washing by all members of the community

Toilets in public spaces; community toilets for floating population and SLWM were seen as important components for ODF.

These participants were concerned primarily with physical existence of toilets for ensuring usage combined with personal hygiene to achieve ODF related outcomes such as improvement in health. Group 4 and 5: Development Partners

Participants in this group were concerned with access and usage to Safe and Sustainable solutions for disposal of excreta (including child feces) for everyone in the community.

Both the groups presented differing views on personal hygiene measures such as hand-washing, as one group was not sure it was ideal to place hand washing for all under ODF, while the other firmly included hand washing as a component for ODF.

From their perspective as sanitation practitioners, these participants have identified safe disposal and hygiene as critical areas for defining ODF status and not merely the presence of toilets in the community. Group 6: National Level Experts

Human excreta should be safely confined and not visible Usage of toilets by everyone, 100% Technology if it is (visibly) not safely confining feces, it is open, is not fly

proof etc., then it wont be a safe option. 100% Hand washing at critical times- both usage by people and at all times Public places to have clean, accessible, gender friendly toilets

This group summarized that overall the definition and components of ODF were part of this aspiration for an improvement in environmental sanitation as a whole in the rural setting. There is a need to define stages for achieving ODF and to identify components that are immediately required for safe disposal and confinement of human waste and personal hygiene measures to protect one’s health and wellbeing. At the end of the first group work, five components were identified to be key for defining ODF and identifying indicators for verification.

1. No visible shit in the open 2. Everyone using a safe toilet 3. Personal Hygiene- hand washing 4. Toilets in Institutions and Public Spaces 5. Solid and Liquid Waste Management

GROUP WORK 2: IDENTIFICATION OF INDICATORS FOR ODF As the components for ODF was identified, even though consensus was not reached on a definition for ODF, indicators for each of these components were

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identified in the same groups as formed earlier. After a brief introduction to the process of identifying indicators, the group was informed of the basic characteristics of indicators. These are:

1. Indicators may be in the form of % (a denominator is essential) 2. Simplicity- easily understood; easy to collect 3. Easy to verify- monitor 4. Easy to aggregate- at different levels of administration

Detailed group presentations are attached as Annexure 4. The indicators listed below per component are the ones most people agreed upon through the discussion.

S. No

Components Indicators

1. No visible shit in the open*

1. No visible shit in the open (habitation/village/GP-states to decide)

2. Everyone with safe toilet 1. Usage- a) visible signs of proper usage b) survey questionnaire 2. Technology- a) Percentage of the toilets with no waste water observed to be leaking or overflowing or effluent is being disposed of in the environment

3. Personal hygiene-hand washing

1. Soap and water near toilet 2. Observation

4. Institutional and public spaces

1. Percentage age of institutions with WASH facilities a) separate for boys girls, schools, aaganwadi, PHCs b) Dhaba/hotels/Public places c)At Bus stands/office d)For Migrant/seasonal labour 2. MHM-arrangement in institutions, schools(Medium and high school, PHC)

5. SLWM 1.System of segregation, collection 2. System of safe disposal of solid waste in terms of percentage 3. Liquid waste – safe disposal of waste water in terms of percentage 4. Safe disposal of menstrual waste

Although there was some consensus on some of these indicators, several crucial issues and challenged were not addressed fully due to paucity of time, but were raised in the plenary. These are outlined below, per component. Issues/Challenges

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Component 1- No ‘Visible’ Shit in the open 1. Administrative Unit should be GP itself for the National Level

Consideration. States can decide whether to look at GP, Revenue Village or Habitation.

2. We can recognize ODF achievement per village or habitation, as decided by the state. But certification should be given to the Gram Panchayat as a whole

3. No visible shit status to be ascertained by observation, transect walk etc. along with the criteria that there is no foul smell in the environment

Component 2- Every one using a safe toilet

1. The main discussion was on whether to include having a toilet as an indicator for verifying if everyone was using a toilet. But the consensus was reached that when we talk about everyone having a toilet, it simply results in counting toilets, as has been the case for the past few decades.

2. Usage can be estimated through NSSO data which currently is being done once every 5 years but should be changed to an annual survey

3. As per the guidelines under SBM, when the baseline is opened up every year, the number of households that require IHHLs keeps increasing both due to population growth and by those households who were previously using a shared, public or community toilet.

4. Safe disposal and safe confinement of waste to be important criteria for technology of toilet

Component 3- Hand washing

1. Hand washing and other behavior change parameters must be ascertained through observation mainly

2. Everyone cannot ensure hand washing at all times, such as at work sites, in the field etc

3. Focus to be more on the practice than only on knowledge

Component 4- Institutional and Public Space Toilets 1. Responsibility on the local governing bodies to ensure adequate toilets

with adequate water are available in the market areas, local institutions such as dhabas, petrol pumps and other areas frequented by members of the community

2. Adequate toilets made available at work sites by the contractor/employer through out the work period. The District Administration in the case of factories and other industries that the GP may not be able to influence must ensure this.

3. Mobile toilets may be the solution for workers that may move frequently 4. Women’s public toilets and at AWC, PHC, and other institutions to have

adequate water and option to safely dispose sanitary napkins (with privacy)

5. Separate and adequate toilets for boys and girls. Girls toilets to have adequate water and option to dispose sanitary napkins safely and with privacy

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Component 5- Solid and Liquid Waste Management

1. The questions were around how to properly verify solid and liquid waste management

2. The idea was to first estimate the amount of solid waste generated to then estimate how much of that was being safely disposed.

3. The arrangement at the GP level to collect waste from each household and process it to produce manure is not profitable or sustainable as it ends up in heaps of manure that is not taken up for other purposes. Therefore, simple collection and processing of waste is not a clear indicator for solid waste management

4. The technology used for constructing toilets is also a measure for the amount of solid and liquid waste produced if the technology does not safely confine waste

5. Drains, sewers, canals etc., must not contain stagnant water or garbage that will lead to breeding of mosquitoes and flies.

Day 2: April 14th, 2015

GROUP WORK 3: STAGES OF ODF As the participants had an opportunity to reflect on the indicators identified on Day 1 as well as recognizing that the components may need to be achieved in stages, the groups were asked to relook at the indicators for any additions or corrections and to disaggregate the components into stages for certification of ODF. The major findings from the group exercises was that there was unanimity on the following to be in Stage 1- a) No visible shit in the open- child and adult; b) 100% Usage; c) Safe technology to confine waste and discharge. There was some difference of opinion to what extent public spaces should be covered in stage 1. One group said only schools and Anganwadi, another group placed a lot of emphasis on floating and mobile population while some other group placed a lot of emphasis on 100% toilets at institutional and public spaces. This needs to be looked at it in more detail. Personal Hygiene Measures such as Hand washing and Menstrual Hygiene Management were also placed in stage 2 with some debate. Hand washing was seen by some as crucial for all members at the critical times in stage 1 of ODF while some groups thought it would be more ideal to focus only on the mothers and caregivers. Knowledge on personal hygiene was seen to be an important step for Stage 1 by some groups while others saw practice as key. Details on group-wise presentations are attached as Annexure 5.

Discussion by Mr. Santosh Mehrotra, Professor, JNU The points mentioned about motivation by Mr. Thakre, we have taken for granted so far in our discussion. In order to understand the process by which we will reach

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this stage of ODF, we need to use at least one process indicator and not just all output and outcome indicators. Some comments on this were:

1. Process indicators are important for early warning and to check if we are on the right track.

2. How much are we investing on motivation, behavior change and others 3. Capacity building is an important aspect of process indicators 4. Champions have made a difference in our experience- how do we

achieve these champions, we need to invest in leadership, it needs to be a strategy not just an indicator

5. Question: Should one motivator on a semi-permanent basis be made available at the habitation level as a Process Indicators

The discussion culminated with the understanding that these processes are to be invested in as part of the strategy. The participants agreed that process indicators were important to check the progress towards achieving outputs and outcomes, and this was kept in mind during the following group exercises on Verification Parameters.

GROUP WORK 4 AND 5- VERIFICATION: HOW? WHEN? WHO? The group wise presentations are attached as Annexure 6 and 7. The key lessons from the presentations are as follows:

1. Verification teams which are multidisciplinary in nature- inclusion of health personnel in the teams as they are one of the largest groups on the ground

2. Outside verification when we start looking at scale- it has not come through clearly how that will happen- but four groups talked about a 6 month check- not many people talked about a check at12 months or 18 months

3. Cross block and cross village monitoring – also as a platform for learning

4. Very clear emphasis on the government involvement at the Block level 5. Qualitative information in the form of FGDs, household level interviews

and others should be incorporated in addition to quantitative data- this could serve as a learning for other places as well

6. We didn’t really answer the question of what happens to the solid and liquid waste generated from institutions and in public spaces

7. Solid waste management is more of a problem when population density is high but in a rural setting, decentralized waste management is the key

8. Biomedical waste is to be treated separately 9. We can see a big difference between institutional and household level

requirements for verification 10. Gender and human development, disability aspects have come out

primarily in the institutional arrangements- Is it required to add more of a human dimension to the first stage of ODF?

11. Community monitoring should be invested in, as it is not an end in itself but a continuous process.

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12. The teams that are responsible for verification should be sensitive and should undergo training so as not to convey the wrong message such as an inspection etc.

CLOSING COMMENTS It took us ten years last time to understand that while we were constructing toilets, toilets were missing all the time and no one was prepared to listen. The Goal is that this does not happen again. There must be concurrent data, every year, we should be able to assess where we are in our levels, and genuinely rate ourselves on a sanitation index of how well or not well we are doing. Different levels of administration should know about their own area to constantly assess but not declaration at a certain point of time. Sanitation is a question of safety, health and dignity, which needs to be consistently monitored and strived for. This workshop is the first step towards these deliberations and understanding on Open Defecation Free Status and this long journey to achieve improved sanitation, health and safety for all. The outcomes of this workshop will be presented to the Secretary, Government of India as recommendations for inclusion into policy. Context, capacity difference, geology, high population density due to religious and seasonal conditions will be taken into consideration while proposing recommendations. Gender and Human dimensions need to be highlighted further as there were very few women in the group, these aspects must be included with the highest commitment to ensure equitable and inclusive development as envisioned by the Government of India.

List of Annexures

Annexure 1: List of Participants

List of Annexures

Annexure 1: List of Participants

Sl.No Participant Name Designation State Mobile No E-mail

1.

Smt. Vijaylaxmi Joshi

Secretary, Ministry of

Drinking Water and

Sanitation,

Government of India

Delhi 011-

23061207

[email protected]

2.

Ms. Sandhya Singh

Joint Director (Stat),

Ministry of Drinking

Water and Sanitation,

Government of India

Delhi 7838115499

[email protected]

n

3.

Ms. Archana Patkar

Program Manager,

Water Supply &

Sanitation

Collaborative Council

Geneva 9821233355

archana.patkar@wss

cc.org

4.

Mr. Vinod Mishra

National Coordinator,

Water Supply &

Sanitation

Collaborative Council

Delhi 9411107760

Vinodmishra2810@g

mail.com

5.

Mr. Wakeel Ahmad UNICEF Lucknow 9473584201

wakeel_ah06@yahoo

.com

6. Ms. Kirti Salunkhe Consultant

Maharasht

ra 9273383873

[email protected]

7.

Mr. Shishir Sinha

Principal

Secretary,PHED ,Govt

of Bihar

Bihar 9835020450 [email protected]

8. Mr. Depinder S

Kapur

Secretary, Indian

WASH Forum Delhi 9711178181

kapur.dipender@gm

ai.com

9.

Mr.B.K.Sawai

Director, Water

Sanitation Support

Orgnisation

Maharasht

ra 7506379630

directorwsso@gmail.

com

10.

Mr.Vijay B. Gawali

HRD Consultant,

Water Sanitation

Support Orgnisation

Maharasht

ra 9323290810 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]










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11. Mrs.Sangita

Kashinath Bhange

Sarpanch Sudumbare,

G.P Sudumbare

Maharasht

ra 9604277437

12. Mr. Rakesh Kumar

Pandey CEO, Shramik Bharati

Uttar

Pradesh 9935535680

rakesh@shramikbhar

ati.org.in

13. Mr. N. Saratchandra

Singh

Executive Engineer,

PHED,Manipur Manipur 9436021589

saratneprama54@gm

ail. Com

14.

Mr. M.L. Haldkar

Chief Engineer,

Panchayatraj & Rural

Development

Chhattisgar

h 9425206741 [email protected]

15. Mr. L. Swamikanta

Singh Director,CCDU, Imphal Manipur 9436890275

ccdumanipur@gmail.

com

16. Dr. K.V. Devarajulu Director, WSSO Karnataka 9449838012

devarajulugsp@gmail

.com

17. Mr. Yusuf Kabir

Program Officer-

WASH, UNICEF

Maharasht

ra 9619533627 [email protected]

18.

Mr. J.P. Shukla

Chief ,Policy &

Program, Knowledge

Links

Uttar

Pradesh 9810540448

shukla.jprasad@gmai

l.com

19. Mr. Puneet Kumar

Srivastava

Manager-Policy,

WaterAid India

Uttar

Pradesh 8953255222

punitsrivastava

@wateraid.org

20. Mr.Sitaram

Bhishmacharya

Sharnangat

CLTS Consultant, CLTS

Foundation Gobal

West

Bengal 9765896390

[email protected]

om

21.

Mr.Govind Dhaske

Research Faculty, Tata

Institute Of Social

Science

Maharasht

ra 9819179377

[email protected]

du

22. Ms. Anjali Verma Consultant Delhi 9599600672

Anjalii.vermaa@gmai

l.com

23. Dr.Mallinath

Kalshetti

Chief Executive

Officer, Zila

Panchayat,Yavatrnal

Maharasht

ra 9422661265

mallinathkalshetti@g

mail.com

24. Mr.Sachin

Ramchandra Jadhav

Collector & DM, Angul,

Govt Of Odisha Odisha 9438676611

sachin.jadhav@gmail.

com

25.

Dr.Pramod Shinde

State Coordinator,

Water Sanitation

Support Organization

Maharasht

ra 9422329795

pramodshindeosd@g

mail.com

17


26.

Mr.Rahul Sakore

Dy.CEO Water &

Sanitation, Water

Sanitation Support

Organization

Maharasht

ra 9923371976

[email protected]

om

27. Prof. Santosh

Mehrotra

Professor, Jawaharlal

Nehru University Delhi 9868149193

santoshmeh@gmail.

com

28.

Mr. Deepak Sanan

Additional Chief

Secretary, Govt. of

Himachal Pradesh

Himachal

Pradesh

0177-

2622080

deepak_sanan@hot

mail.com

29.

Mr. Nisheeth Kumar Chief, Knowledge Links Uttar

Pradesh 9810514693

Nisheethkumar5@g

mail.com

30. Mr. M. Kullappa

Sr. Water & Sanitation

Specialist, WSP Delhi 9848159046

mkullappa@worldba

nk.org

31.

Mr. R. K. Srinivasan

Technical Advisor,

WASH, Plan

International

Delhi rksrinivasan@planind

ia.org

32. Mr. Dipankar Datta

Advisor, CLTS

Foundation Gobal

West

Bengal 9437049498

dipankar2kbd@yaho

o.com

33. Ms. Vijeta Rao Consultant Telangana 8790985764 [email protected]

34. Mr.Naveshwar

Patidar

BCC Specialist, Rural

Development Dept,

Madhya Pradesh

Madhya

Pradesh 9425919862

nspatidar1981@gmai

.com

35.

Mr. A. Ramulu Naik

Chief Engineer &

Project Director

SWSM, RWSD

Telangana 8886331290

36. Mr. Ajit Tiwari

Dy.Commissioner

,SWSM

Madhya

Pradesh 9425085665

[email protected]

m

37. Dr. Prabhakar Sinha

Director,Watsan,

DFID,Patna Bihar 8292774489

[email protected]

m

38. Mr. MD. S. Jawaid Director, PMU Bihar 9835848933

[email protected]

n

39. Mr. Sujoy Mojumdar

Sr. WASH Specialist,

UNICEF Delhi 9717402345

[email protected]

rg

40. Ms. Madhavi

Purohit

Manager-

Communications,

Arghayam

Bangalore 7829523566 [email protected]

rg





18


41. Mr. Saleem

Mohammad,

Director ,Rural

Sanitation

Jammu and

Kashmir 9419142827 [email protected]

42. Mr. Ayan Biswas

Manager- Advocacy,

Arghayam Karnataka 9535162028 [email protected]

43. Mr. Rajnikant

Pandey

Chief Engineer, PHED

and State Coordinator,

SBM

Meghalaya 9436102893 rajanikant.pndy@gm

ail.com

44. Mr. Allan Lalthalura

Executive Engineer,

PHED, Mizoram Mizoram 9436142121 [email protected]

45. Mr. Ajit Phadnis Director, PRIMOVE

Maharasht

ra 9822009626

aphadnis@primovein

dia.com

46. Mr. Sampathraj

Manager-Advocacy,

Gramalaya Tamilnadu 8508916331

gramalaya@hotmail.

com

47. Mr. Bhagora

Bachubhai R.

Deputy Secretary,

Govt. of Gujarat Gujarat 9429618024

[email protected]

v.in

48. Mr. T. Ketan

Chief Engineer, PHED,

Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal

Pradesh 9436044129

[email protected]

om

49.

Mr. R.K. Mehta

State Coordinator,

Panchayati Raj & Rural

Development

Haryana 9417194189 [email protected]

m

50. Mr. Jagdish C.

HRD Consultant, SBM-

RWSSD Karnataka 9448396582 [email protected]

51.

Mr. A. Kalimuthu, Country Director,

Water for People Delhi 98088888

akalimuthu@waterf

orpeople.org

52. Mr. Bhim Singh

Project Manager,

Swajal Uttarakhand

Uttarakhan

d 9758497500

bhim.chawhan@yaho

o.com

53. Mr. Paire Bhaskar

Shahdev Sarpanch, GP Patoda

Maharasht

ra 9850822889

54. Mr. Gopinath

Sampat Khomane

Gramsevak, GP

Somatane

Maharasht

ra 9049980467

gopinathkhomane@g

mail.com

55. Mr. Soma Prabhu

Khaire

Gramsevak, GP

Shivane

Maharasht

ra 9923495132

somapkhaire@gmail.

com

56. Mr.Sharad Ambudas

Dhole

Gramsevak, Panchyat

Samiti Maval

Maharasht

ra 9011071619

sharaddhole58@gma

il.com

57. Ms.Urmpla Sandeep

Murhe

Sarpanch, GP

Somatane

Maharasht

ra 9921181311





19


58. Mr. Santosh Dagadu

Thikekar

Sarpanch, GP

Thikekarwadi

Maharasht

ra 9860055001

gramthikekarwadi@g

mail.com

59. Mr.Rahul Narhari

Gavhane

Sarpanch, GP

Dingrajwadi

Maharasht

ra 9922775555

60. Mr.Kailas babaji

Fakatkar

Gramsevak, Panchayat

Samiti Junner

Maharasht

ra 9552704554

kbfakatkar99@gmail.

com

61. Rajiv K. Raman Consultant, WSP-SA New Delhi 9342247222

[email protected]

om

62.

Sudhir Thakre

Retired Principal

Secretary, WSS,

Government of

Maharashtra

Maharasht

ra 98689259218

sudhirthakre@rediff

mail.com

Annexure 2: Workshop Agenda Day 1 (13th April)

Timings Activities Facilitator

9.00-9.30 Registration Anjali, Kirti

Inaugural session

9.30-9.40 Welcome - Vinod Mishra- National Coordinator,

WSSCC,India

9.30-9.35 Objective and overview of workshop- Archana Patkar

Programme Manager, WSSCC Geneva

9.40-9.45 SBM, Objective- Ms. Sandhya Singh, Joint Director,

Ministry of Drinking Water

9.45-10.00 Key Note Address by Smt.Vijaylaxmi Joshi, Secretary,

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

10.00-10.20

10.15 -10.45

Introductions of Participants

Defining Open Defecation Free – Snapshots and lessons

from around the world ( inclusion, moving up the sanitation

ladder, slippage and sustainability) Verification snapshots

from around the world

Nisheeth Kumar

ArchanaPatkar

Deepak Sanan

10.45-11.00 Tea Break

11.00-12.00

12.00-13.30

Defining Open Defecation Free (ODF): Group exercises

Group work (5 groups) Defining ODF and listing its

components

Groups present and discussion in plenary

Outcome: Definition of ODF with agreed components

Nisheeth Kumar

Vinod Mishra

13.30-14.30 Lunch

14.30-16.00 Indicators

Defining indicators against each component

Santosh Mehrotra and

Sujoy Mojumdar

20


Day 2 (14th April)

Timings Activities Facilitator

8.30-10.00

Completion of Day 1

discussions

Verification:

What to collect

How to collect

When and how often

Group work.

Archana Patkar

5 groups

• Usage of toilets

• Sanitation technologies

• Hygiene

• Public, institutions

• Solid and liquid waste

management

10.00-11.15

Keynote Address: How we

achieved collective

behavior change in

Maharashtra

Sudhir Thakre, retired Principal

Secretary, Rural Development

Department

11.15-12.00 Tea Break

12.00-13.30

Presentation of group work

in plenary

Discussion

Testing, learning,

reflection, research and

awards

Outcome: Indicative

process of ODF

verification

Archana Patkar

13.30-14.30 Lunch Break

14.30-15.45

Developing a verification

framework for inclusive

and sustainable ODF Part

II- community, block,

district, state, nation,

special contexts.

Archana Patkar

Group presentations

16.00-16.15 Tea

16.15-17.00 Discussion in plenary

Outcome: Indicators against each component

Santosh Mehrotra/Sujoy

Mojumdar

17.00-18.00

Key questions and discussions

What is an Open Defecation Free community unit (GP,

block, district, state): agreement on basic definition,

principles (hygiene, inclusion and sustainability are centre

stage).

Outcomes

Sujoy

Mojumdar/Deepak

Sanan

21


15.45-16.30 Way forward and

valediction GOI

Archana Patkar, Deepak Sanan

Vinod Mishra

Annexure 3: Group Work 1- Definition of ODF with agreed components

Group Definition

Group 1-

Community,

Sarpanches,

Gram Sevak,

Collcetor

• The toilet usage should sustain for at least 5 years for each household.

• All the household must have a usable latrine with appropriate technology

• Public places like weekly haats should have separate men and women toilets

It should be in appropriate numbers

It should be maintained by the respective GP

• 2 year solid and liquid waste management, awards at each level, don’t give award

to the sarpanch since a lot of politics is involved.

• Dhaba/hotels along the highway and roads should have maintained, clean, usable

latrines. The authority to ensure the presence of these toilets should be given

to the respective GP.

• Use of appropriate technology-septic tanks are not constructed, weekly haats and

public spaces should have toilets- this can be in 3rd or 4th year, funds from

central/state level. there are community spaces

• All the villages on highway should have compulsory public toilets maintained by

the villages. GP should be punished

• Schools should have 2 toilets

• SLWM is the most important part- if the waste is not managed then there is no

use of toilets

Group 2-

State Level

Functionaries

An open defecation free community is the one which own the means and resources

of sanitation and neither itself defecates in the open and nor it allows others and also

practices personal hygiene.

Components-

1. Behaviour change

2. Availability and usage of toilet

3. Availability of toilets in public spaces and institutions

4. Solid and Liquid Waste Management

Group 3-

State level

functionaries

Components-

1. No human excreta in the open in the GP/locality/community

2. every household should have a sanitary latrine and community toilets

3. No prevalence of Water borne diseases

4. Proper solid and liquid waste management and disposal

Group 4-

Development

Partners

ODF is access and usage of safe sanitation facility, including safe disposal of child

feces, by everyone, everywhere and at all the times

Components suggested-

1. Hygiene- should safe hand washing be included?

2. Everyone, everywhere- is it practical?

3. toilets should be

• Available, accessible, and should be used

• usable, should maintainable and technically feasible

4. Need to define the standards of safe sanitation in various contexts

• high ground water

• waste as a resource

5. Solution for mela, public places, haats , floating population, institutional settings

6. Low and affordable operational & maintenance cost.

Group 5-

Development

Partner

It is a condition where every member of the community (including floating

population) and institutions in the habitation are using the safe and sustainable

excreta disposal options along with practicing personal hygiene and has an in-built

community monitoring mechanism

23


The various components identified in this definition have been underlined.

Group 6-

national level

experts

1. Absence of human excreta in the environment

2. Safe confinement of excreta- this should be approached through both usage and

technology.

3. Hygienic practices (practices)& safe usage practices as well as water storage

practices

4.Separate toilets in public spaces

5. Safe solid and liquid waste disposal and management

Distinction between ODF as a goal and what is really required to declare ODF- Can

ODF be achieved in stages

• usage is 100%

• Technology

• Hygiene practices

• Toilets in public spaces

• SLWM

The issue of sustainability was underlined in all the above components and all the groups agreed to

this

Annexure 4: Group Work 2- Indicators against each component

Component

s

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6

No visible

shit in the

open

1.Each

household

has a toilet

1. In all the

groups of the

community

there is an

awareness

about the

prohibition

of open

defecation,

if not then

100% of the

community

should be

made aware-

through GP

meeting and

FGDs

2. To map

the

defecation

areas and

then

verification

of no OD in

those areas

3.Effective

community

monitoring

1.Sight-

traces of

urine, shit

2. Smell-

foul

3.Non

prevalence

of flies

4. Non

prevalence

of water

borne

diseases

5. Colour of

waste water

6.

Assessment

of the latrine

coverage

-------------

1.No. of

habitations

in GP

reported

with no

visible shit

2. No. of

persons

found going

for OD in

the

habitation

1. No visible

sign of open

defecation in

the GP

Everyone

with safe

toilet

Public toilet

for floating

population

---------------

------

---------------

------

---------------

------

---------------

------

1. Usage-

Observation

of visible

signs and

questions

and surveys

a1 .Safe

technology-

no untreated

effluent is

discharged

a.2 No fecal

bacteria in

drinking

water

sources

Personal

hygiene-

hand

washing

1. Mapping

of a definite

spot for hand

washing and

1.

Availability

of soap and

water near

25


availability

of soap and

water in

those spots

2. Washing

of hands

after

defecation,

cleaning a

child’s

bottom,

before

cooking and

before

eating

3. Hand

washing

facilities in

public

spaces and

their

continuous

use

4.

Availability

of clean and

safe

drinking

water

---------------

------

---------------

------

---------------

------

toilet

2. Self-

reporting/ob

servation

Institutiona

l and public

spaces

1. Ladies

and gents

toilets in

schools,

AWC, GP

office, other

offices,

places of

pilgrimage

---------------

------

---------------

------

---------------

------

1.

Percentage

of

institutions

having

adequate

and

functional

WASH

facilities

2.

Percentage

of persons

using

institutional

WASH

facilities

1. Separate

toilets for

men and

women in

schools,

aaganwadis,

health

centers

2. Adequate

water for

hygiene and

cleaning

3. women

toilets have

water inside

it and MHM

facilities in

schools and

health

26


centers

Solid and

Liquid

Water

Manageme

nt

1. For Solid

waste-

Segregation

of dry and

wet waste at

the HH level

2.

Transportati

on from HH

to dump

yard

3.

Processing

unit at dump

yard

4. For

Liquid

Waste-

Closed

gutter with

chambers

5. Soak pit

for scattered

HH

6. Kitchen

garden at the

HH level

7. Treatment

of liquid

waste

---------------

------

---------------

------

1.

Percentage

of toilets

where no

waste water

is observed

to be leaking

or

overflowing

or effluent

being

disposed in

open or in

water bodies

2.

Percentage

of families

with

livestock

with

established

arrangement

s of safe

disposal of

animal

waste

3.

Percentage

of families

established

system of

collection of

recyclable

solid waste

4.

Percentage

of villages

having

established

system of

cleaning

drains and

public

spaces

---------------

------

1.

Estimation

of safe

disposal as a

percentage

of total

waste

generated-

• animal

wast

e

• liquid

wast

e

• hazardous

and

biom

edica

l

wast

e

• other solid

wast

e

Annexure 5: Stages of achieving the identified components of ODF Status

Stage/G

roup Stage 1 Stage 2

Group 1

Component 1-Component-1-No visible shit in the open

1. No defecation in the open

2. Zero percentage misuse of the toilet

3.Randomly pit checking

4.Well-constructed toilet

5. Latrines for floating population

--------------------------------------

--

Group 2

Component-1-No visible shit in the open

1. There is no visible shit in the open

2. Visible sign of total usage

Component 2- Everyone with a safe toilet

1. Safe confinement of faeces

Component-3 Personal Hygiene

1. Soap and water near the toilet

2. Hand washing practices-observation based

Component -4- Institutional and public spaces

1. Separate WASH facilities in schools, AWCs,

offices, bus stands

This stage should be achieved in six months

Component 4- Institutional

and public spaces

1. WASH facilities in

dhabas/hotels and all the public

places

2. For migrant labour

3. MHM arrangements in all

schools

Component 5- Solid and

Liquid Waste Management

This stage should be achieved

in one year

Group 3

Component 1-No visible shit in the open

a. No visible shit in the open

b. No foul smell

c. safe disposal of faeces

d. visible sign of proper usage present

e. Soap and water near toilet

Component 5-Safe disposal of

solid and liquid waste

Group 4


1. Human faeces is completely absent in the

domestic environment and in the public spaces in a

revenue village

Component 2-Everyone with a safe toilet

1. Everyone- X% have a individual toilet and x

have shared

2. Safe—technologically sound, superstructure

which is safe and allows dignity

Component 3- Personal hygiene-(mostly awareness)

1. It should only be for mother and care givers with

soap and water(some disagreement in the group on

whether it should be for all)

Component 3-Personal

Hygiene(monitoring the

practice)

Component 5- Solid and

Liquid Waste Management

Group 5

Component 1- No visible shit in the open

1. 100% people use toilet which can be individual,

shared or community

Component 2-Everyone with a safe toilet

1. Toilet technology-all the toilets are fly proof

with safe containment and confinement of faeces

Component 4- Institutional and public spaces

1. Institutional- all the schools and aaganwadis

have safe toilet

28


Commo

nalities


1. Safe disposal of human and child excreta

Component 2- Everyone with a safe toilet

1. 100% usage

2. safe confinement to prevent discharge

3. Toilet with a superstructure that guarantees

safety, privacy and dignity

Component 3- Personal Hygiene and Hand washing

1. Hand washing with soap and water essentially

for mothers and care takers

Component 5-Solid and

Liquid Water Management

1. 100% should be

achieved in second

phase

Component 4-Toilet in

institutions and public spaces

1. Institutional scope

can be determined

Annexure 6: Stage 1 Verification- What to Collect, How to Collect, When

and How Often

Gro

ups Indicator How When By Whom

Gro

up 1

1. No visible

shit in open

Through observation a

checklist should be developed

of what to verify

Interactions with the

community

The verification of toilet usage

should be done through

surprise visits

After the resolution

of gram sabha – a

proposal should be

given by the gram

sabha to the

Panchayat Samiti

that village should

be verified

The verification should at

three levels-

• At the block level

• At the district level and

• At the state level- a

media person should be a

part of the team

Sarpanch from OFD

/NGP village should be

part of verification team

on priority basis.

Gro

up 2

1. No visible

shit in open

• Physical verification and

documentation of the slippage

evidences

Through FGDs

At the district level-

• All the GPs should be verified

at the district level including

all the institutional spaces

Within two months

of the submission of

the proposal given

to the Block

Panchayats

The verification

should be done

continuously for

three years

At the GP level-

After a proposal for

verification is given by

the gram sabha to the

block panchayat

At the block level-

A verification committee

comprising-

1. Administrative office

2. NGO representative

3. A representative from

another GP

There should a four

member committee for a

GP with less than 500

HHs

A similar committee

should be formed at the

district level

Gro

up 3

1. 100% usage

of toilet

A scorecard of the community

should be developed and

a VWSC should be formed to

do this exercise which should

include health workers(with

health data), aaganwadi

teacher(with data on school

children) and gram sabha

members who will then look

at the scenario of past one year

and together they should

decide whether they are ODF

or not.

• As per the

convenience of

the people- as to

whenever they

think they have

become ODF

• It should be done

every six months

30


Gro

up 4

1. No visible

shit in the open

• Transact walk

• Photos of open

defecation/feces

• ODF declaration

can be done

by the

community

once

• Certification

should be

done within

2 weeks of

application

of GP

• Level 1- should be

done by the GP

• Level 2- by external

verification team

• These teams

should be

interdiscip

linary

• These teams

should

also have

people

from other

blocks

2. 100% people

are using safe

toilets

at household level- Physical

observation

in schools and aaganwadis

also through observation

safe confinement of feces

Ensuring superstructure

Same

Same

3. Hand

washing at

critical

times(in

schools and

AWCs)

Observation of facility and

practices

Same

Same

Gro

up 5

1. No shit in

open

• FGDs with stakeholders

• Transact walk

• Secondary data

• Reports from GP

Use of children as key

informants

Each district should be

verified but the sample size of

the GP can be decided by the

respective states

There should be

two rounds of

verification-

One should be

within 3 months of

verification and the

second one should

be within 6 months

after the first one.

The verification should

be done by a third party

and it should be

multidisciplinary team

including people from

CCDU and WASSO

2. All toilets

are fly proof

and there is

safe

containment of

fecal discharge

Household verification of

toilets and sample checking of

overflow of septic tanks

A checklist should be

developed of various

components of toilets

31


3. Institutional

WASH facility

Visits in schools and other

institutions to observe

availability and usage

FGD with school stakeholder

Annexure 7: Stage 2 Verification- What to collect, How to collect, when and how

often G

ro

u

p

Indicator How When By

whom

1 1. Solid and Liquid Waste Management

The physical verification of the

following components-

1.Segregation of waste at HH

2.Waste- treated and recycled

3.garbage piles not visible

4.animal waste disposed properly

5.Management of liquid waste in

proper gutter and kitchen gardens

6.Treatment and re-use of liquid

waste

---------

---

1. Solid

and

Liquid

Waste

Manage

ment

2

1. Toilets in Institutions and public spaces-

These include:

Schools

Anganwadi and all other institutions at the

GP level

Religious places

Commercial institution

---------- Every

15 days

By at

least a 6

member

committe

e with 3

female

members

.

3 1. Toilets at institutional and public spaces

1. In schools

Primary level-

a. Separate toilet for boys and girls

b. Child friendly, safe and secure

At the high school level-

a.Safe disposal of menstrual waste

The observation at the school level

should include

-No. of toilets

-availability of water

- there is enough light in the toilet

-Hand washing facilities

-Provision for physically challenge

At the PHC the observation should

include the following-

Facilities for safe disposal of

menstrual and medical waste-

incinerator

33


4

Under the component of solid and liquid

waste management the following three

sub indicators have been suggested-

1. Percentage of toilets where no waste

water is observed to be leaking,

overflowing or effluent is being disposed

openly or in any water body

2. Percentage of families having livestock

with established arrangements for safe

disposal of animal waste

3. Percentage of families covered under

established system for periodic collection

& safe disposal of inorganic waste

4.Villages having established system of

cleaning drains and public places

periodically

5. System established for periodic

collection and safe disposal of medical,

hazardous and other waste from health

centres, dhabas, marketplace etc.

• Transact walk

• FGDs

• Observation

• Questionnaire both qualitative

and quantitative

After

six

months

of

stage- 1

verifica

tion

Verificat

ion teams

at the GP

level

5

1. Personal Hygiene-

the indicators covered within personal

hygiene are-

1. Percentage of people washing hands

with soap at critical times-when chances

of infection and contamination are high

2. Percentage of HHs with infants

disposing child excreta in toilet

3. Percentage of household practicing safe

handling and storage of treated water

4. Percentage of girls and women are

aware and practicing safe MHM practices

Secret Ballot- People are asked to

throw pebbles in two different

ballots, one for washing and the

other for not, secretly (so they are

not embarrassed publicly) after

taking an oath on lying about it.

• FGDs

• Personal interviews

• Home visit

• Sample surveys

Monthl

y or

quarterl

y-

whiche

ver is

more

feasible

1.

Commun

ity based

groups

2.

ASHA/A

NM

3. Team

of

Children

4. Team

of school

girls

------------------------------------------------xxx--------------------------------------------------------------

Documents

National Consultative Workshop on Defining and Measuring … · 2018-04-25 · 3 First National Verification Workshop : Defining and Measuring Swachhata Pune 13-14th April, 2015 This