View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Reaching Out to Deaf & Hard-of-Hearing People:Developing a “Deaf-friendly” Website
Matthew J. Starr, MPH
National Center for Deaf Health Research
Department of Community & Preventive Medicine
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, NY
This presentation was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 5-U48-DP-000031-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the presenter and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Objectives
Gain basic understanding of Deaf culture & perspectives;
Increase awareness of what makes a “Deaf-Friendly” website;
Identify resources for community-based collaboration.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Working with Sign Language Interpreters Maintain Proper Eye Contact
A deaf person will usually watch the interpreter to follow what is being said. However, when the interpreter is voicing for a deaf person, attention can and should be focused on the deaf person, not the interpreter.
When proper eye contact is not maintained (the hearing person is not directly looking at the deaf person), the deaf person can feel ignored or left out.
With one exception !
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
What should you call me?
1. Alternatively Hearing 12. Hearing Disabled2. Auditorially Inconvenienced 13. Hearing Handicapped3. Communicatively Challenged 14. Hearing Impaired 4. Deaf-and-Dumb 15. Just Different5. Deaf as a Post 16. Partially Deaf6. Deaf-Mute 17. Sensorially Ungifted7. Deaf 18. Thick O’ Hearing8. deaf 19. Tin Ear9. Deef 20. Tone Deaf 10. Differently Abled 21. Totally Deaf11. Hard of Hearing 22. “deaf as a door nail”
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Deaf People
Deaf people rely primarily on vision to
communicate.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Culturally Deaf People
American Sign Language (ASL) is the primary language of the Deaf community.
The uppercase "D" refers to a specific sociocultural group whereas the lowercase "d" is used when a more general reference to hearing loss is intended.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Hard-of-Hearing People
People who are hard of hearing rely primarily on hearing with the help of amplification.
Not part of Deaf culture.
Baby Boomers.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
The Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities are not homogenous.
People who are culturally Deaf People who are oral deaf People who are hard-of-hearing People who are late-deafened People with cochlear implants People who are D/deaf-blind People who are D/deaf with additional disabilities
Each of these groups has very different communicationneeds and cultural distinctives.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Perspectives: Cultural Model
Acceptance of ASL as a language and uses it everyday
Indicated as capitalized “D” Embraces the values, mores and ways of
the Deaf Is viewed as a language minority (such as
those who speak Spanish)
Jessica Cuculick, MSW, Deaf Strong Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, September 2006
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Perspectives: Medical Model
Broken/fix it principle Rejection of ASL as a language Indicated as a lowercase “d” Deafness is viewed as a disability “Hearing Impaired” is a term often used
Jessica Cuculick, MSW, Deaf Strong Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, September 2006
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Deaf-Friendly Website Design
Cultural Sensitive Terminology Captioning American Sign Language Backgrounds and Contrasts
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Culturally Sensitive Terminology
Disrespectful Respectful
Hearing Impaired
Deaf-Mute
Deaf and Dumb
Deaf
Hard-of-Hearing
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Culturally Sensitive TerminologySample Website:
http://www.ahiha.org/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Captioning
Pros: Accessible to oral deaf and
hard-of-hearing viewers.
Cons: Not accessible to ASL users.
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
CaptioningSample Website:
http://www.precisiontransfer.com/justaskme/streamingenglish.html#Flash
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Captioning Resources
http://www.webaim.org/techniques/captions/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
American Sign Language
ASL is a visual language created by Deaf people.
ASL is neither written nor spoken language. ASL is a fully developed, natural language
which has no grammatical relationship with English.
ASL is not an universal sign language. http://www.wfdeaf.org/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
The ASL Community: Issues of Readability
English is their second language. Oxford English Dictionary: 60,000 words ASL: Approx. 10,000 words Classifiers: Handshapes used in American Sign
Language to show movement, location and appearance.
http://www.jal.cc.il.us/ipp/Classifiers/1CL.swf
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
The ASL Community: Issues of Readability
National Association of the Deaf
www.nad.org
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Issues of Readability:NAD Website
Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Score: General population: Aim for 7 to 8. NAD: 16
Flesch Reading Ease Score: The higher the score, the easier it is to understand the document. General population: Aim for 60 – 70. NAD: 25
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
The ASL Community: Issues of Readability
What matters deafness of the ear, when the mind hears? The one true deafness, the incurable deafness, is that of the mind.
Victor Hugo
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Sample of ASL/Captioning website:Kentucky Commission on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
http://kcdhh.ky.gov/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Sample of ASL/Captioning website:Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care
http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/public/program/pubhealth/flu/flu_05/factsheets/flu_mythsfacts_asl.html
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Sample of ASL/Captioning website:Sorenson Communications
http://www.sorensonvrs.com/vids/index.php
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Backgrounds and Contrasts
http://www.hknc.org/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Sample of Backgrounds/Contrasts website:AT&T
http://www.relaycall.com/national/relay.html
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Who benefits?People who are/with: ASL Caption Contrasts
culturally Deaf oral deaf hard-of-hearing Late-deafened cochlear implants D/deaf-blind D/deaf with additional disabilities
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Developing “Deaf-Friendly” Websites:Collaborate with the Deaf Community!
Identify Deaf community leaders Interpreting Services Pitfalls of working with some deaf web
designers
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Collaborative Resources
World Federation of the Deaf
National Association of the Deaf (USA)
Canadian Association of the Deaf
http://www.deafwebsites.com/
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Recommended Readings
Dolnick, E (1993) Deafness as Culture The Atlantic Monthly
Baker-Shenk, C & Kyle, J.G. Research with Deaf People: issues and conflicts, Disability, Handicap & Society, Vol. 5, No.1, 1990
National Center for Deaf Health Research Rochester Prevention Research Center
Afterthoughts