NASA's Role in Tropospheric Chemistry

8/20/2019 NASA's Role in Tropospheric Chemistry

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4

LDRD‛s Qnj` kl ]rnpnspg`rkb Bg`ekstry

Arub` Mnmmrkmi` Rbk`lb` Mkr`btnrdt`LDRD Jdlij`y Q`s`drbg B`lt`r

arub`.mnmmrkmi`Cldsd.inv

Rtum`lt Dkranrl` Q`s`drbg Srnirde. Ful` 40, 1340


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1

Nutjkl`

!

Dtenspg`rkb Bnepnsktknl dlm ]rnpnspg`rkb Bgèkstry

!

Nas`rvkli Dkr Tudjkty Hrne Rpdb`

!

LDRD ]rnpnspg`rkb Bgèkstry Dkranrl` Hk`jm Bdepdkils

!

@drtg X`ltur` Ruanraktdj Srnf`bts

"

@XR-4 MKRBNX@Q-DT

" @XR-1 LDDE@R

!

]g` Hutur`6

"

@XK-4 ]@ESN - Dkr Tudjkty Hrne I`n & Bgèkbdj Y`dtg`r

"

ONQPR-DT LDRD ]rnpnspg`rkb Dkranrl` Bdepdkil!

Rueedry


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Dtenspg`rkb Bnepnsktknl6@ekssknl, ]rdlshnredtknl, ]rdlspnrt, Qènvdj

Br`mkt6 BBRS Rtrdtìkb Sjdl (kjjustrdt`m ay S. Qòdb`wkbz).

@EKRRKNL(uradl tn jnbdj sbdj`s)

DKQ TPDJK][(jnbdj tn rìknldj

dlm ijnadjsbdj`s)

BJKED]@ HNQBKLI

(rìknldj tn ijnadjsbdj`s)

]QDLRSNQ]


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!"#$%&'()*!"#$#%$&'"() +&',(%-". /'3#"' 412=

M`pnsktknl

Rtrdtnspg`r`

]rnpnspg`r`

N2

N2


5/32

08 9'7. ;; 64124? 412:5< +&>,'(C'% >DC A>BM'" 6412@5

M`pnsktknl

Rtrdtnspg`r`

]rnpnspg`r`

N2

N2

,&'-'.-/3&4# #/314#"2 -&'#3..3. 2"&%32=

*303&14)3 0/3 "8()*")#3 '9 "01'.-/3&4#

0&"#3 %".3.7 4)#2(*4)% %&33)/'(.3 %".3.

!"#$%&'()*!"#$#%$&'"() +&',(%-". >H'" 412=


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8

]rnpnspg`rkb Nznl` (N2) Rkilkhkbdlb`

!

@lvkrnle`ltdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 Nznl` ks d pnjjutdlt dmv`rs`jykepdbtkli dtenspg`rkb bgèkstry, bjkedt`, g`djtg dlm dirkbujtur`

! Bgèkbdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 Nznl` klktkdt`s nxkmdtknl bybj`sr`spnlskaj` hnr rènvkli enst pnjjutkli ids`s hrne tg`dtenspg`r`. ]g`s` nxkmdtknl bybj`s djsn klhju`lb` nznl` kts`jh

! Nznl` ks d o`y bnlstktu`lt kl pgntnbgèkbdj seni, dlm gkigl`dr-surhdb` nznl` gds prnhnulm `hh`bts nl vì`tdtknl, guedlg`djtg dlm gdaktdakjkty

!

Bjkedtkbdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 Nznl` klhju`lb`s bjkedt` mkr`btjy ds dir``lgnus` ids dlm ks enst kepnrtdlt kl tg` upp`r trnpnspg`r`

wg`r` tèp`rdtur`s dr` bnjm. Nznl` `x`rts dl klmkr`bt klhju`lb`tgrnuig tg` nxkmdtknl nh ntg`r ir``lgnus` ids`s

!

LN] tn a` bnlhus`m wktg strdtnspg`rkb nznl`. Rde` enj`buj`.X`ry mkhh`r`lt bgèkstry dlm `hh`bts!


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Dtenspg`rkb D`rnsnjs Rkilkhkbdlb`

!

@lvkrnle`ltdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 D`rnsnjs pjdy mkv`rs` dlm o`y rnj`skl bjkedt`, dmv`rs`jy kepdbt g`djtg, r`mub` vkskakjkty, dlm dbkmkhypr`bkpktdtknl

! Bgèkbdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 D`rnsnjs dr` brktkbdj kl dtenspg`rkbrènvdj prnb`ss`s

! Bjkedtkbdjjy Kepnrtdlt6 D`rnsnjs klhju`lb` @drtg‛s `l`riy adjdlb`mkr`btjy tgrnuig tg` sbdtt`rkli dlm dasnrptknl nh rdmkdtknl ds w`jjds klmkr`btjy tgrnuig enmkhkbdtknl nh bjnums (`.i., mkstrkautknl dlmnptkbdj prnp`rtk`s)

!

Bgèkstry, gyirnsbnpkbkty dlm enrpgnjniy dr` brktkbdjm`t`rekldlts nh dtenspg`rkb d`rnsnj prnp`rtk`s


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@ekssknl ]rdlshnredtknl/Nxkmdtknl Q`envdj

(LNx, BN, Gymrnbdranls,D`rnsnj, RN

1

, LG2

,

XNB, ijynxdj)

(N2, NG, BG1N, GN1, QN1,D`rnsnj, ArN, ijynxdj)

(GLN2, G1N1, QNNG,D`rnsnj),

Nas`rv`m hrne spdb`

rnutkl`jy nr m`v`jnpe`ltdjjy


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Rdt`jjkt` Nrakts Ps`m hnr @drtg Nas`rvdtknls.

Jnw @drtg Nrakt (J@N)

Ijnadj Bnv`rdi`

Ark`h vk`wkli tke`

Q`jdtkv`jy Bjns`

I`nstdtknldry (I@N)

G`ekspg`rkb bnv`rdi`

Bnltklunus vk`wHdr Dwdy


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Nznl` ( N 2 )6 Durd-NEK, Durd-EJR, Durd-]@R, Runek LSS-NESR, Runek LSS-BrKR

Bdranl Enlnxkm` ( BN )6 ]`rrd-ENSK]], Dqud-DKQR, Durd-]@RLktrni`l Mknxkm` ( LN 1 )6 Durd-NEK

Hnredjm`gym` ( BG 1 N )6 Durd-NEK

D`rnsnj 6 ]`rrd-ENMKR dlm EKRQ, Dqud-ENMKR, Durd-NEK, BDJKSRN,

Runek LSS-XKKQR

Ijnadj nas`rvdtknls dpprnxkedt`jy nlb` p`r mdy

Jdulbg mdt`s6 ]`rrd 4;;;, Dqud 1331, Durd 133=, BDJKSRN 1338, Runek LSS 1344, NBN-1 134=

Burr`lt LDRD sdt`jjkt` nas`rvdtknls r`j`vdlt tn ]rnpnspg`rkb Bgèkstry D jìdby nh tg` @drtg Nas`rvkli Rystè (@NR) vksknl

]`rrd

Runek LSS


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LDRD ]rnpnspg`rkb Bgèkstry Hk`jm Bdepdkils (4;72-134=)

• Dkranrl` hk`jm bdepdkils prnvkm`

brktkbdj bdjkardtknl/vdjkmdtknl nh nraktkli

@drtg-nas`rvkli sdt`jjkt`s dlm tg`kr mdtd

•

Bgèkbdj Klstrue`lt ]`stkli dlm

@vdjudtknl (BK]@) ekssknls kl tg`

aìkllkli nh tg` LDRD ]BS dkranrl`

prnirde m`v`jnp`m e`dsurè`lt

t`bglkqu`s tgdt dr` a`kli us`m tn tgks

mdy

•

LDRD dkranrl` stumk`s gdv` prnp`jj`m

dmvdlb`s kl trnpnspg`rkb bgèkstry kl

t`res nh ulm`rstdlmkli nh ijnadj

snurb`s, sklos, trdlspnrt dlm bgèkbdj

trdlshnredtknl


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LDRD ]rnpnspg`rkb Dkranrl` E`dsurè`lts

!"#$ !"#% !""$ !""% &$$$ &$$% &$!$

!" #! $%! &! $&!" '(&

( ) * + , -

. / 3 4 1 = 0 , ' . 0 / 8 ! " , 9 3 / * / 7

) ,

( ; # 6 ( ?

: & 6 5 < > C

: & 6 5 < > & (

6 ; ( # 5 > '

' 5 8 > 6 3 + -

4 1 , C

' 5 8 > 6 3 + - 4 1 , (

' 5 8 > D / , ) C

' 5 8 > D / , ) (

6 ; ( # 5 > (

( C A 5 > " C

( C A 5 > " (

( C A 5 > % (

( C A 5 > % C

# : 6 5 > B # M ( C A 5 > B

# : 6 5 > % #

: 6 5 > "

# : 6 5 > B C

6 # @

!"#$ !"#% !""$ !""% &$$$ &$$% &$!$

!"#$%&' )*+",*#$,-

.$/, 3$-#*$41#$+2

=0=+8"+-$#$+2

9 # 8 + - "

7 , * $ % 9 , * + - + ' ; ! " - 1 * , 8 , 2 #

-

9 6 = ? 9 .

: 0 ? 5 < > C

: 0 ? 5 < > 0 9

? 6 9 = 5 > )

) 5 ; > ? * + " $ % - C

) 5 ; > ? * + " $ % - 9

) 5 ; > D , - # C

) 5 ; > D , - # 9

? 6 9 = 5 > 9

9 C A 5 > B C

9 C A 5 > B 9

9 C A 5 > M 9

9 C A 5 > M C

= : ? 5 > @ = H 9 C A 5 > @

= : ? 5 > M =

: ? 5 > B

= : ? 5 > @ C

? = I

9 # 8 + - "

7 , * $ % 9 , * + - + ' ; ! " - 1 * , 8 , 2 #

-

9 6 = ? 9 .

: 0 ? 5 < > C

: 0 ? 5 < > 0 9

? 6 9 = 5 > )

) 5 ; > ? * + " $ % - C

) 5 ; > ? * + " $ % - 9

) 5 ; > D , - # C

) 5 ; > D , - # 9

? 6 9 = 5 > 9

9 C A 5 > B C

9 C A 5 > B 9

9 C A 5 > M 9

9 C A 5 > M C

= : ? 5 > @ = H 9 C A 5 > @

= : ? 5 > M =

: ? 5 > B

= : ? 5 > @ C

? = I

• LDRD dkranrl` bdepdkils gdv` i`l`rdt`m d 23 y`dr r`bnrm nh

trnpnspg`rkb nznl`, N2, dlm kts o`y pr`bursnrs (LN, LN1 dlm BN)• Gymrnbdranl mdtd r`bnrms dvdkjdaj` nv`r tg` pdst 10 y`drs

• @xpdlm`m sp`bk`s jkst kl enr` r`b`lt hk`jm stumk`s (NG, p`rnxy rdmkbdjs, NXNBs)

• Sdrtkbj` bnepnsktknl e`dsurè`lts `xt`lm nv`r 10 y`drs. Nas`rvdtknls

edm` kl pdst 40+ y`drs prnvkm` enr` bnepj`t` mdtd nh pdrtkbj` jndmkli,luea`r skz` mkstrkautknl, nptkbdj prnp`rtk`s, dlm bgèkbdj bnepnsktknls


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Dkranrl` Hk j̀m Bdepdkil Rtrdt`iy6 Edxkekz` tg`vdju` nh sdt`jjkt` mdtd hnr keprnvkli enm`js nh

dtenspg`rkb bnepnsktknl dlm bjkedt`

Rdt`jjkt`/Klstrue`lts6

EJR, BDJKSRN, ENMKR, EKRQ, NEK, ENSK]],

DKQR, XKKQR, BrKR,...

Dkrbrdht6

@Q-1, MB-7, S-2A,

B-423, IjnadjGdwo, A-133/PB-41,...

Ijnadj dlm Q`iknldj Enm`js6

IBEs B]EsEnm`j ̀ rrnr `vdjudtknl

Mdtd dsskekjdtknl

@ekssknls klv`rsknl

Mkdilnstkb stumk`s

Bdjkardtknl dlm Xdjkmdtknl

Q`trk`vdj m`v`jnpe`lt

Bnrr`jdtkv` klhnredtknl

Redjj sbdj` strubtur` prnb`ss`s

rnulm-Ads`m L`twnros6

D@QNL@], ESJL@], RGDMNV,

DTR, ]NJL`t,…

• Plm`rstdlmkli

• Dttrkautknl

•

Sr`mkbtknl


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40

Rbk`ltkhkb Xdju` nh Dkranrl` Nas`rvdtknls

! Enst `hh`btkv` wdy tn natdkl wkm`-rdlikli y`t m`tdkj`mdtenspg`rkb surv`ys6 ‚Mksbnv`ry―

! Bnepr`g`lskv` klv`stkidtknls nh sp`bkhkb dtenspg`rkbprnb`ss`s6 ‚Plm`rstdlmkli―"

Ykm` rdli` nh e`dsur`e`lts hnr dtenspg`rkb pdrde`t`rs dlm trdb`

sp`bk`s kl ids dlm pdrtkbujdt` pgds` brktkbdj tn nur ulm`rstdlmkli nhdkr qudjkty dlm bjkedt` bgdli` r`jdt`m kssu`s

" Gkig spdtkdj (Gnrkznltdj6 3.1 ‒ 41 oe? X`rtkbdj6 43 ‒ 233 e) dlmt`epnrdj (4 s ‒ eklut`s) r`snjutknls

!

Xdjkmdt` dlm prnvkm` bnlt`xt hnr jnli`r t`re sdt`jjkt` dlm

irnulm nas`rvdtknls6 ‚Enlktnrkli―! @vdjudt` dlm keprnv` enm`js6 ‚Sr`mkbtknl―" Yksg tn dvnkm ‚ ! i`ttkli tg` rkigt dlsw`r hnr tg` wrnli r`dsnl.―

Km`dj Bds`6 E`dsur` `v`rytgkli, `v`rywg`r`, djj tg` tke`


16/32

Keprnvkli tg` Xk`w nh Dkr

Tudjkty Hrne Rpdb`

Rne`wgdt bjns`r tn6E`dsurkli `v`rytgkli, `v`rywg`r`, djj tg` tke`


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49

L`dr-surhdb` pnjjutknl ks nl` nh tg` enst bgdjj`likli prnajès hnr

@drtg nas`rvdtknls hrne spdb`!

]g` Srnajè

L`dr-surhdb` klhnredtknl eust a` klh`rr`m hrne bnjuel-kltìrdt`m qudltktk`s natdkl`m ay

pdsskv` rènt` s`lskli hrne mnwlwdrm-jnnokli sdt`jjkt` klstrue`lts

Rne` bnlstktu`lts gdv` jdri` r`jdtkv` bnlb`ltrdtknls kl tg` strdtnspg`r` dlm/nr hr``

trnpnspg`r` (`.i., N2 dlm LN1) edokli kt mkhhkbujt tn mkstkliuksg tg` l`dr-surhdb`

bnltrkautknl tn tg` tntdj bnjuel

Anulmdry jdy`r

m`ptg klhju`lb`s

tg` vnjue` nv`rwgkbg surhdb`

pnjjutknl ks ekx`m

Kt djsn edtt`rs

gnw w`jj tg`

pnjjutknl ks ekx`m

Hrne spdb`,

tg` skz` nh tg`

e`dsurè`lt

pkx`j edtt`rs

(ds mn`s irkm

skz` hnr enm`js)

Dmmktknldj kepnrtdlt hdbtnrs klbjum` r`jdtkv` guekmktydlm surhdb` dja`mn

Rtrdtnspg`rkbAurm`l

Jnli-rdli`

trdlspnrt nh

pnjjutknl djnht


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M`rkvkli Klhnredtknl nl Rurhdb` Bnlmktknls hrne Bnjuel

dlm X@Qtkbdjjy Q`snjv`m Nas`rvdtknls Q`j`vdlt tn Dkr Tudjkty

D LDRD @drtg X`ltur` bdepdkil klt`lm`m tn keprnv` tg` klt`rpr`tdtknlnh burr`lt dlm hutur` sdt`jjkt` nas`rvdtknls tn mkdilns` l`dr-surhdb`

bnlmktknls r`jdtkli tn dkr qudjkty

Naf`btkv`s6

4. Q`jdt` bnjuel nas`rvdtknls tn surhdb` bnlmktknlshnr d`rnsnjs dlm o`y trdb` ids`s N 2, LN 1 , dlm BG 1 N

1. Bgdrdbt`rkz` mkhh`r`lb`s kl mkurldj vdrkdtknl nhsurhdb` dlm bnjuel nas`rvdtknls hnr o`y trdb` ids`s

dlm d`rnsnjs

2. @xdekl` gnrkznltdj sbdj`s nh vdrkdakjkty dhh`btklisdt`jjkt`s dlm enm`j bdjbujdtknls

@XR-4 MKRBNX@Q-DT

M`pjnye`lts dlm o`y bnjjdanrdtnrsEdryjdlm, Fujy 1344 (@SD, EM@, PEm, PEAB, Gnwdrm P.)

Bdjkhnrlkd, Fdludry 1342 (@SD, BDQA, PB-Mdvks&Krvkl`)

]`xds, R`pt`ea`r 1342 (@SD, ]B@T, P. nh Gnustnl)Bnjnrdmn, Ruee`r 134= (@SD, LRH, LNDD, BMSG@)

!"

LDRD S-2A

LDRD Okli Dkr

LD]KX@, @SD DTR, dlmdssnbkdt`m Irnulm skt`s


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M`pjnye`lt Rtrdtìy

Rystèdtkb dlm bnlburr`lt nas`rvdtknl nh bnjuel-kltìrdt`m, surhdb`, dlm

v`rtkbdjjy-r`snjv`m mkstrkautknls nh d`rnsnjs dlm trdb` ids`s r`j`vdlt tn dkr qudjkty

ds tg`y `vnjv` tgrnuignut tg` mdy. @WDESJ@6 Adjtkenr`-Ydsgklitnl Bnrrkmnr

4;

LDRD Okli Dkr (Qènt` s`lskli)Bnltklunus edppkli nh d`rnsnjs

wktg GRQJ dlm trdb` ids bnjuelswktg DBDE

LDRD S-2A (kl sktu e`ds.)Kl sktu prnhkjkli nh d`rnsnjs dlm

trdb` ids`s nv`r surhdb`

e`dsurè`lt skt`s

Irnulm skt`sKl sktu trdb` ids`s dlm d`rnsnjs

Qènt` s`lskli nh trdb` ids dlm

d`rnsnj bnjuels

Nznl`snlm`s

]`tg`r`m adjjnnls D`rnsnj jkmdr nas`rvdtknls

]gr`` edfnr nas`rvdtknldj

bnepnl`lts6

MKRBNX@Q DT G 1 R a


20/32

$%

MKRBNX@Q-DT Gnustnl, 10 R`pt`ea`r

410ppav

x6 Nznl`, N2 (3-4=3 ppav)y6 Djtktum` (3-= oe)


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$!

MKRBNX@Q-DT Bdjkhnrlkd

GRQJ-1 nl tg` Okli Dkr Edps tg` RpdtkdjMkstrkautknl nh D`rnsnj a`tw``l irnulm

enlktnrs dbrnss tg` vdjj`y

]`l sbk`lb` hjkigts mnbue`lt`m tg`m`tdkjs nh twn subb`sskv` SE1.0

`pksnm`s kl tg` Rdl Fndqukl Xdjj`y

Ado`rshk`jm SE1.0(48 Fdludry - 9 H`arudry, 1342)

Hr`sln

Ado`rshk`jm

*Nrdli` jkl` (28 ui/e2) ks tg` 1=gr dv` tgr`sgnjm hnrvknjdtkli Ldtknldj Deak`lt Dkr Tudjkty Rtdlmdrms

D`rnsnj Rbdtt`rkli

hrne tg` S-2A

sgnws tg` aukjm up

nh hkl` pdrtkbj`s tn

a` bnlb`ltrdt`m kl d

sgdjjnw jdy`r a`jnw1333 h``t.

003 le Rbdtt`rkli (Ee-4)

48 Fdl 11 Fdl

Ado`rshk`jm

Hr`sln

(Sgntn tdo`l hrne @Q-1 murkli SNM@W hjkigt nl 13 Fdludry)

@XR 1 L tg Dtj tk D j m E k


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@XR-1 Lnrtg Dtjdltkb D`rnsnjs dlm Edrkl`@bnsyst`es Rtumy (LDDE@R)

" M`t`rekl` tg` prkedry pgds`s nh tg` Lnrtg Dtjdltkb

pjdlotnl dlludj bybj` " Q`snjv` gnw tg`s` nb`dl `bnsyst`e bgdli`s klhju`lb`

d`rnsnjs dlm bjnums


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LDDE@R Bneakl`s Rgkp, Dkranrl` dlm Rdt`jjkt`Nas`rvdtknls tn Rtumy tg` Nb`dl-Dtenspg`r`

• = bdepdkils,

s`dsnldjjy spdb`m

• 18-mdy sgkp

m`pjnye`lts

• 4;-mdy dkrbrdht

m`pjnye`lts

• 8 hjkigts nv`r sgkpp`r m`pjnye`lt

PLNJR Q`s`drbg X`ss`j

B-423


24/32

1=

• LDRD dmnpt`m tg` 1339 PR Ldtknldj

Q`s`drbg Bnulbkj @drtg Rbk`lb` M`bdmdjRurv`y ds kts bneeulkty-`lmnrs`m pjdlhnr l`w ekssknls

• ]g` I`nstdtknldry Bndstdj & Dkr Snjjutknl@v`lts (I@N-BDS@) ekssknl wdsr`bnee`lm`m hnr jdulbg kl tg` ekmmj`

pgds` (1342-1348) tn aukjm l`w rènt`s`lskli bdpdakjkty hnr dtenspg`rkb

bnepnsktknl dlm bndstdj nb`dls sbk`lb`

• Naf`btkv`s6"

]rdbo dkr pnjjutknl

"

Km`ltkhy ldturdj dlm dltgrnpni`lkb snurb`s nh d`rnsnj dlm nznl` pr`bursnrs"

Plm`rstdlm r`spnls` nh bndstdj `bnsystès tn dtenspg`rkb dlm rkv`rkl` klput, guedl

dbtkvkty dlm bjkedt` bgdli`

• Bnltklunus nas`rvdtknls edly tke`s p`r mdy hrne I@N-BDS@ wkjj djjnwpnjjutdlt bnlb`ltrdtknls tn a` r`jdt`m tn tg`kr snurb`s dlm trdlspnrt, ds w`jj dsprnvkm` mdtd tn keprnv` dkr qudjkty hnr`bdsts dlm bndstdj znl` edldiè`lt

gttp6//i`n-bdp`.jdrb.ldsd.inv/


25/32

&'(%'!) *+,-. /341231 .=10=418 $%!)'%( $)

@XK-4 ]@ESN Rbk`lb` Nv`rvk`w

]@ESN Rbk`lb` Tu`stknls

4.Ygdt dr` tg` tèpnrdj dlm spdtkdj vdrkdtknls nh

èkssknls nh ids`s dlm d`rnsnjs kepnrtdlt hnrdkr qudjkty dlm bjkedt`>

1.Gnw mn pgyskbdj, bgèkbdj, dlm myldekbdjprnb`ss`s m`t`rekl` trnpnspg`rkb bnepnsktknl

dlm dkr qudjkty nv`r sbdj`s rdlikli hrne uradltn bnltkl`ltdj, mkurldjjy tn s`dsnldjjy>

2.Gnw mn`s dkr pnjjutknl mrkv` bjkedt` hnrbkli dlmgnw mn`s bjkedt` bgdli` dhh`bt dkr qudjkty nl d

bnltkl`ltdj sbdj`>

=.Gnw bdl nas`rvdtknls hrne spdb` keprnv` dkrqudjkty hnr`bdsts dlm dss`sse`lts>

0.Gnw mn`s klt`rbnltkl`ltdj trdlspnrt dhh`bt dkr

qudjkty>

8.Gnw mn `pksnmkb `v`lts, subg ds wkjm hkr`s, must

nutar`dos, dlm vnjbdlkb `ruptknls, dhh`bt

dtenspg`rkb bnepnsktknl dlm dkr qudjkty>

• ;6 "4& ?("240= .0")*"&*. #'):)(3 0' 83#'13 1'&3 .0&4)%3)0 0' 8353& -&'03#0 /(1") /3"20/

• ")* 0&").43)0 -'22(:') .'(. C3D%D7 A3/4#(2"& 0&"B#7 '42 M %". *3A32'-13)07 0&").@8'()*"&=

-'22(:')H "&3 %&'>4)% 4) 41-'&0")#3 =30 "&3 A3&= *4B#(20 0' 1')40'& 9&'1 %&'()* )30>'&$.

• I")= "&3". 0/"0 "&3 )'0 #(&&3)02= 1')40'&3* "&3 3G-3#03* 0' A4'2"03 -&'-'.3* 'K')3 .0")*"&*.

• ,FIOJ 13".(&313)0. >422 -&'A4*3 *"0" 0' /32- .'2A3 0/4. )":')"2 #/"223)%3

9/ +-7 .;621 "?:650 4C2 -06D13A62> B6 $%$%

y `nstdt nldry i tèpnrd dl spdt d r`sn ut nl


26/32

y `nstdt nldry i tèpnrd dl spdt d r`sn ut nlNEK dbburdt`jy m`t`bts bnjuel LN1 - nlb` p`r mdy dlm wktg vdrykli gnrkznltdj r`snjutknl

Gnurjy LN1 surhdb`

bnlb`ltrdtknl dlmkltìrdt`m bnjuel

bdjbujdt`m ay BEDT

dkr qudjkty enm`j6

Gnustnl, ]W, Ful`

11-12, 1330

J@N nas`rvdtknls prnvkm` jkekt`m klhnredtknl nl rdpkmjy vdrykli èkssknls, bgèkstry, & trdlspnrt

I@N wkjj prnvkm` nas`rvdtknls dt tèpnrdj dlm spdtkdj sbdj`s gkigjy r`j`vdlt tn dkr qudjkty prnb`ss`s

Ful` 11 Ful` 12Gnur nh Mdy (P]B)

Ijnadj Snjjutknl Enlktnrkli Bnlst`jjdtknl6


27/32

19

Ijnadj Snjjutknl Enlktnrkli Bnlst`jjdtknl6]rnpnspg`rkb bgèkstry ekssknls hulm`m hnr jdulbg 1348‒1314

]@ESN(gnurjy)

R`ltkl`j-=(gnurjy)

I@ER(gnurjy)

Snjkby-r`j`vdlt sbk`lb` dlm ̀ lvkrnle`ltdj s`rvkb`s `ldaj`m ay bneenl nas`rvdtknls6

• Keprnv`m èkssknls, dt bneenl bnlhkm`lb` j`v`js, nv`r klmustrkdjkz`m Lnrtg`rl Gèkspg`r`

• Keprnv`m dkr qudjkty hnr`bdsts dlm dsskekjdtknl systès

•

Keprnv`m dss`sse`lt, `.i., Gèkspg`rkb sbdj` dkr pnjjutknl

INE@ LN1 Bnurt`sy Fgnnl

Oke, Dlmr`ds Qkbgt`r

Jnnokli A`ynlm ]@ESN6


28/32

17

]g` e`dsurè`lts r`qukr`m tn dlsw`r I@N-BDS@ sbk`lb` qu`stknls dr` prnvkm`m wg`l IBKQK*

(klbjumkli BN dlm BG=) dlm ]@ESN nas`rvdtknls dr` edm` dt tg` sde` tke`.*IBKQK ks d lntknldj I@N-B DS@ K lhrd-Q ̀ m K lstrue`lt hnr wgkbg s`j`btdaj` prnpnsdjs `xkst.

Jnnokli A`ynlm ]@ESN6

Bnepj`tkli I@N-BDS@ Dtenspg`r` Rbk`lb` Ekssknl ikv`l ]@ESN

I@N-BDS@ dmmr`ss`s 8 sbk`lb` qu`stknls rìdrmkli tg` èkssknl, bgèkbdjtrdlshnredtknl, trdlspnrt, dlm bjkedt` kepdbts nh dkr pnjjutdlts

LN1, BN, BG=, d`rnsnj

N2, LN1,GBGN, BN,

d`rnsnj

N2 , BN,d`rnsnj

Kedi` dmdpt`m hrne BBRS Rtrdtìkb Sjdl (kjjustrdt`m ay S. Qòdb`wkbz)

N2, BN, BG=,d`rnsnj

1. Srnb`ss`s

BN v`rtkbdj prnhkj` mkstkliuksg`s a`tw``lèkssknls, trdlspnrt, dlm pgntnbgèkstry.

=. Klt`rbnltkl`ltdjKepdbt

BN km`ltkhk`s jnli-rdli`trdlspnrt nh pnjjutknl.

4. @ekssknls

BN mkstkliuksg`s dltgrnpni`lkb hrne ldturdj èkssknls.BG= ks o`y tn è`rikli dkr qudjkty, bjkedt`, dlm `l`riy pnjkby.

2. Dkr Snjjutknl dlmBjkedt`BG= ks d edfnr mrkv`r nh

l`dr t`re bjkedt`bgdli`.

0. Dkr Tudjkty Sr`mkbtknl

Bnklbkm`lt BNkeprnv`s N2 hnr`bdst

dlm dss`sse`lt.

8. @pksnmkb `v`ltsBN trdb`s wkjmhkr`s dlm

strdtnspg`rkb N2 kltrusknls.

C H


29/32

E/"0L

• N #'@'-3&":A3 4)03).4A3 "4&8'&)37 %&'()*7

")* ."0322403 S32* .0(*= 834)% -2"))3* 9'& " T@>33$ -3&4'* >40/4) N-&42@Q()3 R]PT

• X'#(. ') Y'&3") -3)4).(2" ")* "*W"#3)0

>"03&.

E/=L

• [3"*4)3.. 9'& %3'.0":')"&= ."0322403

'8.3&A"84240= '9 "4& ?("240= V 0&"#3 %".3. ")*"3&'.'2.

• I3%"#40= -'22(:') V I'*32 3A"2(":') '9F14..4').7 _/314.0&=7 ,&").-'&0

• N)0/&'-'%3)4#Z!4'%3)4# I4G0(&3.

• ,&").8'()*"&= -'22(:')

•

_"-"#40= 8(42*4)%

_'1-')3)0.L

• '&$ ")* &3.3"/ .(-3&.403.

R]PT Y'&3"@;6 N4& a("240= 60(*= CYJ[;6@NaH

O"&:#4-")0.L

• Y'&3" I4)4.0&= '9 F)A4&')13)07


30/32

23

Rueedry

!

Dkr Tudjkty dlm Bjkedt` Bgdli` dr` mkhh`r`lt edlkh`stdtknls nhtg` sde` kssu` wktg r`sp`bt tn guedl kepdbts (k.`., r`snurb`

edldiè`lt & `l`riy bnlsueptknl), dja`kt dt mkhh`r`lt tèpnrdjdlm spdtkdj sbdj`s

!

Dkr Tudjkty ks hulmde`ltdjjy d surhdb` bnlb`rl, gnw`v`r ktr`qukr`s dl ulm`rstdlmkli nh tg` hujj dtenspg`r`. Nas`rvklil`dr-surhdb` pnjjutknl hrne spdb` ks v`ry bgdjj`likli

!

LDRD dkranrl` dlm sdt`jjkt` nas`rvdtknls dr` brktkbdj tn djjdsp`bts nh Dkr Tudjkty dlm Bjkedt` r`s`drbg klbjumkli èkssknls,trdlshnredtknl (pgntnbgèkbdj dlm ekbrn-pgyskbdj), trdlspnrtdlm m`pnsktknl

!

Dkranrl` ‚bdjkardtknl/vdjkmdtknl― bdepdkils djnli wktgkltìrdt`m enm`jkli dlm skeujdtknl `vdjudt` dlm pjdb` sdt`jjkt`mdtd kl d arndm`r bnlt`xt

!

I`nstdtknldry nas`rvdtknls nh dtenspg`rkb bnepnsktknl,klbjumkli dkr qudjkty dlm ‚bgèkbdj w`dtg`r,― prneks`

ulpr`b`m`lt`m tèpnrdj r`snjutknl ‒ aut djsn pr`s`lt bgdjj`li`s


31/32

24

RDQS 134=

]gdlos hnr jkst`lkli!

Gnp` ynu gdv` d trujy stkeujdtkli

dlm `lfnydaj` `xp`rk`lb` dt

RDQS tgks suee`r


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21

RDQS 1340 Srnh`ssknldj M`v`jnpe`lt J`btur`

]u`smdy Ful` 48 9 SE Gkjtnl Idrm`l Kll

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