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Biology 110 – Survey of Biology

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Summer 201567163 4 UnitsNVC 2231MTWTh 12:20 PM – 4:20 PMRIDDELL

General Biology

1. The sum of all Earth's ecosystems is called the __________.a. stratosphere b. lithosphere c. biosphere d. hydrosphere e. troposphere

2. The specific place in which an organism lives is its _____.a. ecosystem b. biome c. habitat d. community e. environment

3. What is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all surface terrestrial and shallow water ecosystems?

a. sunlight b. wind c. organic compounds d. water e. hydrothermal vents

4. Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere's food supply?

a. autotrophs b. consumers c. heterotrophs d. prokaryotes

5. . All living things come from…a. Asexual Reproductionb. Too Much Sexual Reproductionc. Plants And Their Decayd. Protistse. Fungi ab. Outer Spaceac. Volcano’sad. Other Living Things ae. Dead Stuff

6. What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety?a. protein b. DNA c. the ecosystem d. natural selection e. mutation

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7. Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? A) evolutionary adaptations B) energy processing C) responding to the environment D) growth and reproduction E) all of the above

8. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level?

A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ D) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system E) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere

9. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most to the least complex level?

A) organelle, cell, organ system, population, community, ecosystem B) ecosystem, community, organism, tissue, cell, organelle C) biosphere, population, organism, cell, tissue, molecule D) biosphere, community, tissue, organ system, molecule, organelle E) organism, population, organ system, tissue, molecule, cell

10. What is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species? A) biosystem B) community C) population D) ecosystem E) organ system

11. A maple leaf is at which level in the hierarchy of biological organization? A) tissue B) cell C) organelle D) organ E) organ system



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Chemistry

Match the term with its corresponding symbol# TERM CODE SYMBOL

12. __

13. __

14. __

15. __

Carbon Dioxide

Oxygen

Phosphate

Potassium

ABCDE

ABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDE

CC6 H12 O6CaClCO2CuH2KMgN2NaO2PO3S2Si

16. There are _____ naturally occurring elements.

a. 92 b. 45 c. 25 d. 108

17. A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is a(n) _____.

a. molecule b. element c. compound d. buffer e. cell



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Cell Reproduction

A B C

D E AB

Referring to the micrographs of cell division above, match the appropriate name of the phase listed below.18. ____ metaphase 19. ____ telophase 20. ____ interphase

SEX, GENETICS and INHERITANCE

21. The human X and Y chromosomes are A) both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. B) of approximately equal size. C) almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. D) called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sex



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22. Which of these statements is false? A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization.

23. In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in A) spores. B) gametophytes. C) zygotes. D) sporophytes. E) clones

24. A fruit is most commonly A) a mature ovary. B) a thickened style. C) an enlarged ovule. D) a modified root. E) a mature female gametophyte.

25. P = purple, pp = white. The offspring of a cross between two heterozygous purple-flowering plants (Pp × Pp) results in

A) all purple-flowered plants. B) purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants. C) two types of white-flowered plants: PP and Pp. D) all white-flowered plants. E) all pink-flowered plants.

26. A woman has six sons. The chance that her next child will be a daughter is A) 1. B) 0. C) 1/2. D) 1/6. E) 5/6.

27. Most copies of harmful recessive alleles in a sexual species are carried by individuals that are A) haploid. B) polymorphic. C) homozygous for the allele. D) heterozygous for the allele. E) B and C



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Use the following options to answer the following questions. For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. gameticB. temporalC. behavioralD. habitatE. mechanical

28. 14) two species of orchids with different floral anatomy

29. 15) two species of trout that breed in different seasons

30. 16) two species of meadowlarks with different mating songs

31. 17) two species of garter snakes live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land

Mitosis and Meiosis

Fill in the following check list of comparisons. Place a check mark in the appropriate column. Mark one or both A and B for each attribute or Mark C if the attribute is not applicable.

MitosisA

MeiosisB

NeitherC

32. DNA replicates

33. Produces gametes

34. Produces identical daughter cells

35. Has two sets of prophase, meta phase and anaphase36. In humans, the process produces cells with 23 chromosomes37. New cells are different from each other

38. Occurs in plant and animal cells

39. Unique to teste and ovary (sex) cells

40. Most of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____.a. chromosomes b. endoplasmic reticulum c. mitochondria d. ribosomes e. nucleoli



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41. The function of the cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _____.a. are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) b. have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes c. have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes d. have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic

content e. none of the above

42. How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?a. 2 b. It depends on the sex of the individual. c. 23 d. 22 e. 1

43. Why is crossing over important?a. It holds tetrads together. b. It allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes. c. It prevents variation in gametes. d. It ensures that homologous chromosomes pair. e. It is necessary for the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle.

44. In a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa), the next generation will be _____. a. in the ratio 1:3 heterozygotes to homozygotes b. all heterozygotes c. in the ratio 1:1 homozygotes to heterozygotes d. all homozygotes e. in the ratio 1:3 homozygotes to heterozygotes f.

45. Members of the same population _____. a. share a common gene pool b. cannot interbreed under natural conditions c. share the same genotype d. are in reproductive isolation from one another e. none of the above

DNA

46. Natural selection is sometimes described as survival of the fittest. Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's Darwinian fitness?

a. how strong it is when pitted against others of its species b. its mutation rate c. how many fertile offspring it produces d. its ability to withstand environmental extremes e. how much food it is able to make or obtain ab binomial nomenclature ac. periodic table



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47. Which one of the following lists the four bases contained in DNA? a. cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil b. adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine c. guanine, pyroline, thymine, uracil d. adenine, guanine, purine, thymine e. adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

48. The information in DNA is contained in _____.a. the variation in the structure of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule b. the type of sugars used in making the DNA molecule c. the sequence of amino acids that make up the DNA molecule d. the sequence of nucleotides along the length of one strand of the DNA molecule e. all of these

49. During the replication of DNA molecules _____.a. both strands of a molecule act as templates b. the reaction is catalyzed by RNA polymerase c. errors never occur d. only one strand of the molecule acts as a template e. the cell undergoes mitosis

50. A gene is usually _____.a. the same thing as a chromosome b. the information for making a polypeptide c. made of RNA d. made by a ribosome e. made of protein

51. Genetic mutations _____. a. can occur naturally b. are most common in body parts that are not used very often c. are most common in body parts that are used frequently d. are mainly caused by diseases associated with fetal development e. are always passed on to the next generation



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Taxonomy

Match the TERM with its exclusive definition / description. 1 Term per definitionDefinition / Characteristic CODE TERM

52. All prokaryote cells utilize _____ for hereditary information.53. Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are generally single-celled?54. Natural selection tends to act at the ____ level.55. Humans are members of the domain _____.56. Organisms that survive in conditions hostile to all other forms of life are classified in the ____ domain57. In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found?58. Which SINGLE kingdom is common to wine, cheese and bread making?

ABCDE


ABC

AnimaliaArchaeaCommunityDNAEcosystemEukaryaExtremeFungiGene poolHabitatNestNucleusPlantaePopulationProtistsSpecies

Complete each statement of logical classification using the terms of TaxonomyAttributes (mark all that apply) CODE Taxon

59. members of the same FAMILY are not necessarily members of the same ________

60. members of the same CLASS are NOT necessarily members of the same __________

61. members of the same PHYLUM are necessarily members of the same ___________

ABCDE

ABAC

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

62. The goal in classifying organisms should be to create categories that reflect the evolutionary histories of organisms. What system would be best to use?

A) a three-kingdom classification system B) a five-kingdom classification system C) an eight-kingdom classification system D) a system that uses as many kingdoms as necessary to be accurate E) a system that returns to that used by Linnaeus

63. The distinction between the sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

A) a body cavity. B) a complete digestive tract. C) true tissues. D) a circulatory system. E) mesoderm.



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64. While snorkeling, a student observes an active marine animal that has a series of muscular tentacles bearing suckers associated with its head. Segmentation is not observed, but a pair of large, well-developed eyes is evident. The student is observing an animal belonging to which class?

A) Gastropoda B) Cephalopoda C) Polyplacophora D) Polychaeta E) Bivalvia

65. Among the invertebrates, arthropods are unique in possessing

A) a cuticle. B) a ventral nerve cord. C) open circulation. D) wings. E) segmented bodies.

66. While working in your garden, you discover a worm-like, segmented animal with two pairs of jointed legs per segment. The animal is probably a

A) millipede. B) caterpillar.

C) centipede.

D) polychaete worm. E) sow bug.



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Life’s Organization

MATCHING: Place the levels of organization in order from LEAST to MOST COMPLEX. Lowest LEVEL at the bottom of the List and the HIGHEST LEVEL at the top of the listLEVEL OF ORGANIZATION CODE CHOICES

67. ____________________________________

ECOSYSTEMS

68. __________________________

69. __________________________

70. __________________________

71. ___________________________

72. __________________________

73. __________________________

CELLS

74. ___________________________

75. ___________________________

76. ___________________________

77. ___________________________

ABCDE


ABCABDABEACDACEBCDBCE

ATMOSPHEREATOMSBIOSPHERECELLSCOMMUNITIESECOSYSTEMELECTROLYTESENERGYGENEHUMANLIFE CYCLEMAJOR MOLECULESMETABOLISMORGANSORGAN SYSTEMSORGANELLESORGANISMSPLANET POPULATIONSSMALL MOLECULESTISSUESZYGOTE

78. What is biology? a. the study of animal structures b. the study of life c. the study of fossils d. the study of how organisms process energy e. the study of patterns of inheritance



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Life Chemistry - Major Molecules in Living Organisms 79. Water is the basis of life as we know it because……….

a. a molecule with partial charges contacts a molecule without partial charges b. partial opposite charges on molecules come close enough to attract each other c. Dihydrogen monoxide is liquid in a wide thermal spectrumd. Dihydrogen monoxide exhibits and distributes Brownian motion to all of the other

molecules within its vicinitye. All of the aboveab. None of the above

Match the term with its associated constituentsTERM CODE Constituent

80. Carbohydate

81. Lipids

82. Nucleic Acid

83. Proteins

84. Minerals

ABCDE

ABACADAE

Amino AcidsCaustic acidsCytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine and UracilDehydrationFatty acids and glycerolHydrolysisIons: Ca, Na, Phosphate, CarbonateMonosaccharide, sugarPolymer

85. Carbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms because _____.

a. carbon is the central atom of carbon dioxide, a necessary molecule for photosynthesis b. carbon is the central atom in urea, a molecule used by many living organisms to transport

wastes from the body c. each carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds with a wide variety of bond angles d. carbon can combine with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons e. all of the above

86. In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

a. glycogen b. cellulose c. starch d. protein e. fatty acids



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Identify the following terms with the indicated structure in the illustration

87. Name this molecule

a. Carbon dioxideb. cellulose c. dihydrogen monoxided. methanee. ethanol

Identify the following components with its indicated structure in the illustration

TERM ILLUSTRATION

88. Hydrogen Bond

89. Oxygen

90. Hydrogen

91. Positive charge



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Cell Anatomy

I II

III IV

See Illustrations I – IV above. Match the statement with its most appropriate termStatement CODE Terms

92. All of the illustrations represent eukaryotic cells T or F

93. Name the indicated structure / region in the prokaryote @

94. Name the structure in the protozoan marked @

95. Name the structure in the plant cell marked @

96. The structure marked @ in the protist cell is also found in human cells T or F

ABCDE


ABCABDABE

AnimalBacteriaCell WallChloroplastCytoplasmDNAEndoplasmic ReticulumEukaryoteFalseFlagellumFungusMitochondriaNucleusPlantPlasma MembraneProkaryoteProtistaTrue



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97. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through _____.

a. a microtubule b. the Golgi apparatus c. a ribosome d. the nucleus e. the plasma membrane

98. Chloroplasts are found in _____. a. plant cells and some protists b. animal cells only c. both plant cells and animal cells d. neither plant cells nor animal cells e. animal cells and bacterial cells but not in plant cells

99. Which of the following best describes the general structure of a cell membrane? a. proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid b. proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid c. a layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipid d. phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein e. phospholipids embedded in two layers of protein

100. Which of the following is the correct order, from most external to most internal?1. cell wall2. plasma membrane3. capsule A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 2 C) 2, 1, 3 D) 3, 2, 1 E) 3, 1, 2



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CYCLE OF LIFE

Match the term with its indicator in the following illustration.

101. Consumer___

102. Producer__

103. Glucose



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EVOLUTION

104. Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?

A) the primitive structure of plants B) meteorites that have struck Earth C) abiotic laboratory experiments that produced liposomes D) Liposomes resemble prokaryotic cells. E) The oldest fossilized cells resemble prokaryotes.

105. The animals and plants of India show large differences from species in nearby Southeast Asia. Why might this be true? A) The species have become separated by convergent evolution. B) The climates of the two regions are completely different. C) India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia. D) Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions. E) India was a separate continent until relatively recently. 106. If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future, then what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record? A) The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. B) The fossil evidence will be understood to have been incorrect because it is incomplete. C) The fossil record will be ignored. D) Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. E) Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded.

107. Natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse natural history strategies, which have in common

A) many offspring per reproductive episode. B) limitation by density-dependent limiting factors. C) adaptation to stable environments. D) maximum lifetime reproductive success. E) relatively large offspring.

ECOLOGY

108. Biomes are A) all of the populations of a particular species. B) recognized on the basis of the dominant animal life. C) a major type of ecosystem. D) unaffected by climatic factors. E) limited to aquatic regions.

109. Which type of biome would most likely occur in a climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers?

A) desert B) taiga C) temperate grassland D) chaparral E) savanna



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110. How would the dispersion of humans in the major cities of United States best be described? A) dense B) clumped C) random D) intrinsic E) uniform

111. Life tables are useful in determining which of the following?I. carrying capacityII. mortality ratesIII. the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives

A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and III only E) II and III only

112. A table listing such items as age, observed number of organisms alive each year, and life expectancy is known as a (an)

A) life table. B) mortality table. C) survivorship table. D) rate table. E) insurance table.

113. Which curve best describes survivorship in oysters?

114. Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?



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115. Life history strategies usually result from A) environmental pressures. B) natural selection. C) conscious choice. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

Population X Age Brackets

116. Which population is in the process of decreasing? A) I B) II C) III D) I and II E) II and III

117. Which population appears to be stable? A) I B) II C) III D) I and II E) II and III

118. You have a friend who is wary of environmentalists' claims that global warming could lead to major biological change on Earth. Which of the following statements can you truthfully make in response to your friend's suspicions? (Mark all that apply)

A) We know that atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased in the last 150 years. B) Through measurements and observations, we know that carbon dioxide and temperature were correlated even in prehistoric times. C) Global warming is having significant effects on United States agriculture. D) The amount of snow in any given region of the planet can vary year to year and even decade to decadeE) Executives of major industries tell only the truth all of the time.


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Napa Valley College Pages - Napa Valley College … 110/BIO... · Web vieweach carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds with a wide variety of bond angles carbon can combine