Nanotechnology foundation & applications

By

Zainab saad hadi

History

• 1981– able to measure the size of an atom cluster on a

surface (IBM, Zurich)

• 1991– able to move atoms on surface (IBM, Almaden)

• 2002– able to assemble the molecules by physically

positioning the component atoms

Commercialization

• 1st generation (commercialized)– passive nanostructure

• applied in coatings, nanoparticles, bulk materials (nanostructured metals, polymers and ceramics)

– towards systematic design method

• 2nd generation– active nanostructure

• transistors, amplifier,targeted drugs and chemicals, and adaptive structures (~2005)

Commercialization

• 3rd generation– systems of nanosystems

• 3D features, heterogeneous nanocomponents• specific assembly techniques (such as bio-assembly,

networking at the nanoscale, new architectures)• ~2010

• 4th generation– molecular nanosystems

• nanodevices, biomimetics and new molecular designs (~2020)

Nanotechnology for the next generation

T.Nakahara & T. Imai

Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd.

Policies

• Similar projects from– Nanocarbon materials– Nanoelectronics– Nanobiomaterials

• Others?– Diamond nano emitter project

Targets

• Size!

Nano size effect

• Nanomaterial: diamond– rigid atomic structure

• high hardness, high thermal conductivity and high acoustic velocity

– semiconductor properties• apply as semiconductor devices, optical devices,

electron emission devices

– fabrication and synthesis technology• manufactured very precisely in a controlled manner

Applications

• Triode vacuum tube (~2000°C) VS. micro vacuum triode (~30°C)

Vacuum Microelectronic Device (VMD)

Next generation applications for polymeric nanofibres

T.C. Lim and S.Ramakrishna

National University of Singapore

Polymeric fibres

• Targets– high tensile modulus and tensile strength– UV resistance, electrical conductivity,

biodegradability– typical: 1-100 m in diameter

• Nanofibres– decrease in pore size, a drop in structural

defects, enhanced physical behaviour

Nanofibres applications

– Polymer composite reinforcement• the moduli and fracture resistance improvement in

epoxy resin (300 nm PBI fibres)

– Electrical conductors• electrochemical rxn rate electrode’s surface area

• conductive Nano fibrous membrane for electrostatic dissipation, corrosion protection, electromagnetic interface shielding…

– Sensors• huge surface area increases the sensitivity