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nano applications in textiles sector
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A PAPER PRESENTATION ON
APPLICATIONS OF NANO TECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES
introduction
Nanotechnology Is Revolutionizing The World Of Materials. This Important Book Reviews Its Impact In Developing A New Generation Of Textile Fibers With Enhanced Functionality And A Wide Range Of Applications. Using Nanotechnology, It Is Possible To Develop Next-Generation Cotton-Based Fabrics That Can Complement The Advantages Of Cotton And Man-Made Fibers.
The Textile Industry In India Has Been A Pioneer Industry. India’s Industrialization In Other Fields Has Mainly Been Achieved On The Back Of The Resources Generated By This Industry. The Recent Liberalization Measures Have Presented The Industry With A Golden Opportunity To Regain Its Last Glory. The Process Has Begun But A Lot Of Work Remains To Be Done.
“MISTAKES INCREAES OUR EXPERIENCE & EXPERIENCE DECREASES OUR MISTAKES”
Nanofibers, 20-200 nm, which are 10-100times smaller in diameter than those produced by conventional technology, are produced by electrospun. eSpin offers custom-made nanofiber nonwoven membranes, whiskers and three-dimensional structures based on nanofibers.
Nanofiber membranes, paper-like thin products consist of the randomly laid fibers. They offer high porosity, large pore volume, and high moisture vapour transmission, as well as a small fiber diameter combined with high surface area, high absorbency and the ability to hold large numbers of chemically functional groups
Nanosphere impregnation involves a three-dimensional surface structure with gel-forming additives which repel water and prevent dirt particles from attaching themselves. This property is comparable to some phenomena in nature such as the leaves of the locus plant.
NANO FIBRES
NANO SPHERE
The definition of nano-composite material has broadened significantly to encompass a large variety of systems such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and amorphous materials, made of distinctly dissimilar components and mixed at the nanometer scale.
NANO COMPOSITES
Nano technology Nano technology and marketand market
High performance dyestuff/pigment
high fastness/color yield high fastness/color yield
high brilliant dyestuffhigh brilliant dyestuff
light penetration light penetration
stabilitystability
High performance dyestuff/pigment
high fastness/color yield high fastness/color yield
high brilliant dyestuffhigh brilliant dyestuff
light penetration light penetration
stabilitystability
Product value of nano-fiber/textile
will worth 150 billion in
coming 2-3 years
tech of nano scale organic tech of nano scale organic synthesis synthesis
control tech of size control tech of size distribution/size of nano distribution/size of nano particle particle
stability and stability and compounding compounding tech of nano particletech of nano particle
tech of synthesis & tech of synthesis &
modification of modification of
nano polymer nano polymer
ElectrospinningElectrospinning
Nano composite fiber
anti bacteria/stink/dust
anti melting,flame retardant,
few smoke
UV or radiant wave absorption
Far-IR health seeking
inductive, electricity
restrain/induction
Nano composite fiber
anti bacteria/stink/dust
anti melting,flame retardant,
few smoke
UV or radiant wave absorption
Far-IR health seeking
inductive, electricity
restrain/induction
Nano coating textiles
EM wave absorptionEM wave absorption
ultra durl ultra durl
hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrophobic/hydrophilic
interfaceinterface
nano coating productsnano coating products
Nano coating textiles
EM wave absorptionEM wave absorption
ultra durl ultra durl
hydrophobic/hydrophilic hydrophobic/hydrophilic
interfaceinterface
nano coating productsnano coating products
Nano scale fiber
intelligent nano fiberintelligent nano fiber
high strength PET, nylon fiberhigh strength PET, nylon fiber
high performance absorptive high performance absorptive filterfilter
nano carbon tube,biology nano carbon tube,biology
intimationintimation
Nano scale fiber
intelligent nano fiberintelligent nano fiber
high strength PET, nylon fiberhigh strength PET, nylon fiber
high performance absorptive high performance absorptive filterfilter
nano carbon tube,biology nano carbon tube,biology
intimationintimation
In this recent advances made in nanotechnology and its applications to cotton textiles and fibers. We have classified our review in two main areas : (a) applications of nanotechnology in fibers and yarn production and, (b) applications in fabric finishing . It is well known that the fabrics made of natural cotton fibers and those made of man-made synthetic fibers have their own advantages and limitations. The intention here is to demonstrate that the advancement of nanotechnology brings the possibility of developing next-generation cotton based fabrics that could complement the advantages of cotton and man-made fibers.
Nano-technology in Fiber and Textile Manufacturing
Fiber Type Fiber size, in Micrometer Fiber surface area per mass of fiber material m2/g
Nanofibers 0.05 80Spunbond fiber 20 0.2
Melt blown fiber 2.0 2
Fiber Type
Fiber size, in Micrometer
Fiber surface area per mass of fiber material m2/g
Nanofibers 0.05 80
Spunbond fiber 20 0.2
Melt blown fiber 2.0 2
Applications of nano-fibers and composites:
Filtration Medical Application Nanofiber Composite Construction
The discovery of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) has led to the exploration of high strength and superior performance fibers.
Recently, high-performance yarns were produced through super-aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes Such yarns exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties, viz.,
the Young’s modulus in the TPa range, tensile strength of about 200 GPa, elastic strain up to 5 %, and breaking strain about 20%.
Such yarns provide specific mechanical properties (such as strength, toughness, energy damping capability, etc.), which then can be deployed to produce electronic textiles for supporting multi-functionalities, such as capability for actuation, energy storage capacity, radio or microwave absorption, electrostatic discharge protection, textile heating, or wiring for electronic devices
The desired functionality in the fibers can also be obtained by embossing the surface of synthetic fibers with nano structures .
Moreover, integration of nano-sized antimicrobial particles into textile fibers can lead to the development of superior wound dressings.
Advances in Nano-Fiber/Yarn Developments
The recent advancement of fabric finishes is greatly contributed to the advancement in the area of Nano-technology.
One of the leading companies to implement the nano-technology is Nano-Tex TM. They have developed several fabric treatments such as (a) permanent anti-static treatment; (b) wrinkle free treatment using moisture-wicking technology; (c) stain resistance and oil repellent treatments; and (d) “nanobeads” to carry bioactive or anti-biological agents, drugs, pharmaceuticals, sun blocks, and even textile dyes by developing the novel nano-technologies (Nano- Care, Nano-Pel, Nano-Touch and Nano-Press technology) These treatments onto textile substrates permanently alter properties of the textiles and are claimed to exhibit superior durability, softness, tear strength, abrasion resistance and capable of providing softness to durable press garments.
Advances in Fabric Finishes
Such coated polymeric composite materials can be used in microwave attenuation, EMI shielding, and dissipation of static electric charge. Hence, they can be useful for military applications, e.g., camouflage, stealth technology, etc
By combining the nano-particles with the organic and inorganic compounds, the surfaces of the fabrics treated with abrasion resistant, water repellent, ultraviolet (UV), electromagnetic and infrared protection finishes can be appreciably modified.
Recently, the titanium-dioxide nano particles have been utilized for the UV protection Also by using nano-sized silicon dioxide, improvements in the strength and flame-resistance of textile fabrics can be achieved .
The usage of nano engineered cross-link agents during finishing process enhances the wrinkle resistance of cotton fabric.
The newly developed micro encapsulation technique is being used in textile industry for flame or fire retardant (FR) agents. Microcapsules containing silver nano-particles (Silver Cap) are also being investigated for providing anti-microbial effects
Wicks Body Moisture• Dries Quickly• Breathable Fabric
Superior Water and Oil repellency• Unsurpassed Durability• Breathable Fabric
Liquid and Oil Repellent • Wrinkle Resistance • Breathable Fabric
Nanosilver: Sustainable Antimicrobial Textiles Silver effective for a wide range of antimicrobial applications Many silver additives available Antibacterial effect from Ag+ release
Micro organisms
1. Nano - processed garments have protective coating, which is water and beverage repellent.
2. Their protective layer is difficult to detect with the naked eye.
3. When a substance is manipulated at sizes of approximately 100 nm, the structure of the processed clothing becoming more compressed. This makes clothing stain and dirt resistant.
4. Saving time and laundering cost.
5. This technology embraces environmental friendly properties.
6. Nano-materials allows good ventilation and reduces moisture absorption, resulting in enhanced breathability while maintaining the good hand feel of ordinary material.
7. The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat
8. Nano processed products are toxic free
9. Garments stay bright, fresh looking and are more durable than ordinary materials.
10. Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO FINISHING IN GARMENTS
Due to the advancement of Nano-technology in the manufacturing of fibers/yarns as well as in the development of fabric finishes, the applications and scope of nano-technology in the area of textiles are widespread.
Applications in Textiles
As discussed before,
Nano-TexTM has already developed a process for fabric finishes to achieve wrinkle-resistant, stain-resistant, anti-static and sun-block or UV protection properties and are in the process of developing fabrics with these finishes.
Recently, for dynamic climate control, known as “soft shells”, for clothing’s and gloves manufacturing that are extremely air-permeable, light, and water & wind resistant.
A new jacket has been developed with a Nanosphere finish, which has the moisture management features system has claimed to manufacture the first personal thermal climate management system for clothing in the world.
Developments of Nano-technology in Textile Fabrics
Italy's Grado Zero Espace has developed a special suit based on a membrane employing shape memory polymers (SMP), which is capable of sensing and monitoring changes in the surrounding environment and even controlling the environment Germany's Franz-Ziener has introduced ski jackets for developing grime-resistant, windproof, waterproof, and breathable fabric.
Otsuka Kagaku has developed new electro conductive fibers to be used for the protection from radiation emitted by electronics. For the purpose of de-odorizing, Traptek is developed odor-free clothing using activated carbon; Nanotech has developed socks containing nanoparticles of silver; Fuji Spinning's have developed "V-Up" functionalized fibers for de-odorising the undergraments; and Mitsubishi and Solutia have developed an antimicrobial and deodorant fiber made from seashells.
Moreover, Nano-filtration membranes are being used successfully for the treatment of dye effluents. These grafted membranes are capable of removing dyes so that the processed water can be recycled and reused
Strong graphite nanofibers have been developed, which can support large loads and high pressure at room temperature . A research group in Belgium is exploring the possibility of developing novel yarns by melt extruding a range of nano-additives
Recently, investigators at USDA have developed a technology by which the nanocomposites can be developed by using variety of types/sources of cellulose, such as grass, kenaf, cotton fiber, cotton plant material, etc with clays, which is used as the nanofiller material .
Such composites improve the thermal stability of the cellulose and it could lead to the development of a flame retardant end-products such as nonwovens, papers, filament fibers, coatings, etc.
There is a significant potential for profitable applications of Nano-technology in cotton and other textiles.
Several applications of Nano-technology can be extended to attain the performance enhancement of textile manufacturing machines & processes.
The textile industry has the biggest customer base in the world. Therefore, advances in the customer-oriented products should be the focus for the future nanotechnology applications.
Future Directions
The future research should be targeted on developing improved dirt, crease and shrink resistance properties in fabrics, temperature adaptable clothing and odor-less undergarments.
We envision that by combining the optical fibers, micro mirrors, functional coatings and electronic textiles customized fabrics can be developed which can change its color as per the desire of consumer’s taste. Several advances can also be madetowards the development of strong fibers and fabrics for biomedical and military applications.
“BHARATHA BOOMI , PAARKELAM THILAGAM” - MAHAKAVI BHARATHIYAR OUR COUNTRY WAS A ORTHODOX AND SELF GENERATED COUNTRY.BUT DUE TO THE SEVERAL REASONS IT GROWTH IS IN DECLINE STATE NOW.
BY MEANS OF SWOT ANALYSIS IT WILL BE A GOOD WAY TO GLITTER.
TOWARDS WORKING FOR INDIA AND THE INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY WE WILL IMPROVE US AND OUR NATION. Contd………
Contd…….
