HelioVolt Corporation24 Oct 2005

Nanotechnology and Power Buildings:

Solar Power’s Surprising Future

B.J. Stanbery, CEO

HelioVolt Corporation

Austin, TX

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Will Solar Become a Significant

Power Source for the World?

! Solar’s role in the world’s energyfuture depends on political choices

– Will coal’s use be limited by

• CO2 generation?

– Will nuclear’s use be limited by

• waste disposal costs and proliferation risk?

! Solar’s growth is inevitable

– Breadth of adoption dependent on

• New technologies for reduced cost

• New application paradigm: Power Buildings

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Solar Power Today

! Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) modules for retrofit

! PV module sales $3.3B (2004 estimate)– PV market 30+% CAGR

! Sales <!% total annual global CapEx for electrical power generation

! Current market limited by price– $3.50/Wp modules + $3 installation

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PV

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Solar Power Tomorrow

! Power Buildings will become multi-$T market

– PV as an integrated electronic component

! Efficient, durable thin-film solar cellsincorporated into traditional building materials

! Current products unsuitable

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Power Buildings Market

! Huge latentdemand

! USA potential:$150B/yr– 60% share

! Multiplesegments– Architectural

glass– Windows &

skylights– Roofing

Electrical Demand met by PV

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Competitors for the

Mass Power Market?

! Silicon PV cannot meet needs

– Durable & efficient

– Expensive mature technology

– Low margins

! Organic PV unlikely to meet needs

– Efficiency & lifetime issues

! Conventional semiconductor thinfilm currently too expensive

87%

13%

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Heliovolt Breakthrough

CIGS Platform Technology

! Highest Performance and Durability– Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS):

Highest Thin Film Efficiency

– Currently used for most-demanding applications

! Lowest Cost– Less than one third the cost of Silicon PV Cells

! Widest Range of Form Factors– Durable and inexpensive coating for

glass, metals and polymeric materials

! Unique Patented FASST ™Process

– Field-Assisted Simultaneous Synthesisand Transfer

– Replaces costly slow processingunsuited to mass production

HelioVolt

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Nanotechnology in HelioVolt’s

FASST ™ CIGS Process: Precursors

Precursor 2

Stage 2:Rapid

ThermalProcessing

andSeparation

Substrate

Stage 1:PrecursorDeposition

HeatElectrostatic &

Mechanical

Pressure

Substrate

CIGS

Layer

Printing Plate

Precursor 1

Substrate

Printing Plate

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Unique Nanoscience of CIGS

! Inherent to CIGS PV semiconductor

– Spontaneous nanostructuring

• Driven by phase segregation

– Forms internal nano-scale junctions

• Two phases form different interpenetratingpercolation networks for each carrier type

• Explains CIGS performance & robustness

! New scientific insight

– Suggests novel pathways forcost & performance improvement

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Nanotechnology and Buildings:

Changes for the Electrical Industry

! Generation

– Integration of CIGS PV as Coatings onBuilding Construction Materials

! Conservation

– Nanotechnology application to improvedinsulation, lower cost low-E windows

! Transmission

– Need reduced by distributed generation:

• Power produced at the point of consumption

• Inherent benefit of PV Power Buildings

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HelioVolt Corporation

World’s Highest Performance,

Lowest Cost, & Most Versatile

Solar Power Platform