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BYSHARATH R

1MS10CH049MIT, MANIPAL

NanotechnologyCobalt Oxide nanoparticles

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Contents

IntroductionSynthesisCharacterizationApplicationEconomic AnalysisReferences

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Introduction

A nanometer is 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom

The study of manipulating the atoms is called nanotechnology

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Cobalt Oxide nanoparticles

Cobalt oxide is inorganic compound with the formula Co3O4.

It is a black antiferromagnetic solid.It has a cubic structure

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Synthesis methods

Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

1. Co precipitation method

Cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol.

450 degrees celcius, 1atm.

2 hours Katalin Sinkó, Géza Szabó, and Miklós Zrínyi,2011

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Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

2. Sol gel synthesis method

Cobalt nitrate, ethyl acetate, ethanol

500 degrees celcius, 1atm.

24 hours M. Hamdani, R. N. Singh, and P. Chartier,2010

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Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

3. Template Synthesis

Cobalt chloride,Ammonium hydroxide, anodic aluminium oxide membrane

450 degrees celcius, 1atm.

15 hours Juan Xu, Lan Gao, Jianyu Cao, Wenchang Wang, Zhidong Chen, 2010

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Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

4. Microemulsion process

Cobalt acetate, CTAB, butanol, isooctane

400 degrees celcius, (pyrolysis)

1atm.

Mix slowly overnight for precipitate formation

Jahangeer Ahmed , Tokeer Ahmad , Kandalam V. Ramanujachary , Samuel E. Lofland ,Ashok K. Ganguli, 2008

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Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

5. Solution Combustion process

citric acid monohydrate, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate , ammonium nitrate.

550 degrees celcius, 1atm.

1 hour Jiachun Deng, Litao Kang, Gailing Baid, Ying Li, Peiyang Li, Xuguang Liu,Yongzhen Yang, Feng Gao, Wei Liang, 2014

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Sl no Process brief

Chemicals used

Reaction conditions (Temp, Pressure)

Reaction time

Reference

6. Solvothermal Process

Cobalt acetate, ethanol, water, precursor (isonicotinic acid)

120 degrees celcius, 400 degrees celcius1atm.

24 hours, 2 hours

Yanan Huang, et al, 2014

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General Reaction

Co(NO3)2 → Co2+ + NO−3

Co2+ + 2OH− → Co(OH)2

Co(OH)2 + O2 → Co3O4 + H2O

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Characterization

XRD (X Ray Diffraction: General Pattern)

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Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrum

FT-IR General pattern

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Scanning Electron Microscope

SEM images general

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Applications

The key applications of cobalt oxide nanoparticles are as follows:

In micro-electronics As nanoparticles with numerous uses in microbatteries, nanowires,

and specific alloy and catalyst applications In catalysis, superconductors, electronic ceramics and other fields as

an important inorganic material As catalyst and catalyst carriers As an electrode active materials For glass, porcelain colorants and pigments Chemical industry oxidants In temperature and gas sensors In electrochromic devices In enamels, grinding wheels, and solar energy absorbers Water Splitting

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Economic analysis

World consumption is 22000 tons/yearCobalt oxide (99.9%) nanoparticles per 100g

costs Rs. 18,509/-Cobalt chloride salt (99.7%) costs Rs. 5,089/-

per 100 gms.Sodium Hydroxide (97%) costs approximately

Rs. 300/- per 100g To prepare 100g of cobalt oxide by

precipitation method, it costs approximately Rs. 11,000/-

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References

Y. Liu, W.W. Zhao, X.G. Zhang, J.Electrochem. Acta. 53 (2008) 3296

F. Zhang, L. Hao, Q.B. Fu, X.G. Zhang, Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 26 (2010) 827

J.Ahmed , T. Ahmad , K.V. Ramanujachary , S.E. Lofland, A. K. Ganguli, J.Col.Sc .321 (2008) 434

W.Yang, Z. Gao, J. Ma, J. Wang, B.Wang, L.Liu, J.Electrochem.Acta . 112 (2013) 378

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