ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTHWhat is the relationship between environmental health & our own

health?Name: ______________________________Date: ______________ Period: _______

Environmental Health is the study of how environmental _________ affect human health & our quality of life. Any factor that threaten of are harmful to human health are called _________.Environmental hazards can be ___________, social, _____________ or physical.

1. Biological Hazards: Viruses, _____________, & other organisms in the environment that cause harm to _____________ are classified as biological hazards. _____________ infect humans & make us ____________.

2. Social Hazards: Hazards that result from where we _________, our jobs or our ___________ choices. Ex: smoking-increases you risk of lung cancer or living beside a factory where illegal chemicals are being released

3. Chemcial Hazards: Chemicals in the ______________that harm human health. They can by synthetic or produced by organisms. Ex: disinfectants to clean your ____________

4. Physical Hazards: Physical process that pose threat to our ____________ including natural _______________. Ex: UV radiation from sun

Epidemiology & Toxicology are two scientific fields that _________ us understand how, where & to what extent environmental ___________ affect our health.

_____________________ is the study of ____________ in human population. Epidemiologists are scientist that study how & _____________disease occurs & how to control them.

Toxicology is the study of how ______________ substances affect an organism’s ____________. A substance’s ______________ determines how harmful a substance is to an organism.

Toxicity is determined by two _____________:1) What the ______________ is2) How much of the substance is needed to cause ____________

Toxicity is determined by ______________the response a substance produces at ____________doses. A ________is the amount of substance an organism is exposed to. This includes the amount & time exposed. The ___________ is the ___________ an organism show as a result of exposure. The relationship between the different ____________ & the ________________ they generate is called the dose-response relationship. Determining this relationship is difficult in humans.

Every person is different. Two people can drink contaminated water & have two different reactions. Below are some reasons why people react differently.

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1) Sensitivity: People with _______________ issues may be more sensitive to hazards. Sensitivity can also vary w/age, sex & ____________. Babies & _________ _________ are more sensitive that adults.

2) Genetics: Many diseases have both ____________ & environmental factors. Environmental factors can _____________ the risk of developing the disease.

Risk Assessment is the process of __________ the chance that an environmental __________ will cause harm.

1) Risk is the likelihood that that a given ____________ will cause harm.2) The process of measuring risk is called _________ ________________.

Hazard Annual Risk of Death per 100,000 people

Heart Disease 271.0Motor Vehicle Accident 15.0Falls 6.0Illegal drugs 5.6Rail trespassing accidents 0.15Being hit by a meteorite 0.04Lightning 0.016

You encounter biological hazards _______________DAY! Biological hazards are the second leading cause of death worldwide.

Infectious Diseases are caused by pathogens, such as ___________ & bacteria. Infectious diseases account for nearly ________ of all deaths each year.

Infectious disease ______________through the human population in different ways. ___________________ can be spread by human, water or _________, or by other organisms.

1) Humans – Some disease can be spread _________ from one human to another. For example: ____________, biting, or contact w/bodily fluids. _________ and ______ are two diseases that can be transmitted from person to person.

2) Water or food – Some pathogens spread when people eat contaminated ________ or __________. Cholera is disease caused by a _____________ in water. It makes people sick when they ____________the contaminated water. The person may experience intense ___________ and ___________. You can ________ from the cholera.

3) Other Organisms – Organism carries the ____________ and passes it to a person. The organisms do not suffer from the _________ but passes on the _____________ to humans. ____________ is a disease that is transmitted by this way. A female

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__________picks up the pathogen & when it _________ an infected person & then ___________ it when it bites a non-infected person.

Emerging Disease is a disease that has appeared in the ___________ population for the first time or has existed but is __________ rapidly or spreading around the world. Ex: Swine flu

1) Increasing mobility – people are more _________ so the disease is being spread more easily

2) Antibiotic resistance - bacteria becoming resistant to the ___________ b/c of _____________ ____________. Some bacteria survive after being exposed to the drug. They reproduce & create more bacterial resistant to the antibiotic.

3) Changing environment – When we cut down trees, we may come into contact w/ animals that spread disease. ____________ ________can also encourage the spread of disease.

Social Hazards - some can be avoided while other cannot. You might live near an old toxic waste dump…a hazard difficult to change. You may choose to eat unhealthy foods….a change __________ can make!

Chemical Hazards – All chemical hazards can be in large enough quantities. A _ is anything that may human health.

Chemical Hazard vs. PollutionPollution is matter or energy that is the environment, causing effects that impact , wildlife & other parts of the environment.Example: oil in poison ivy. This is a chemical b/c it can cause rash on humans but not a pollutant because it doesn’t the environment.

Types of Chemical Hazards hazards can cause cancer, birth defects & improper function of body systems.

1) Carcinogens: Chemicals that cause cancer are known Cancer is a _______ where cells grow uncontrollably. Cancer does have a component but can be influenced by environmental .

2) Chemical Mutagens – are substances that cause genetic changes or in the DNA or an organism. Ex: benzene…second hand smoke, gasoline & air pollution

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3) Teratogens – are that harm embryos & fetuses. Example: thalidomide, alcohol

4) Neurotoxins – Chemicals that affect the nervous system. are various heavy metals such as lead, & cadmium.

5) Allergens – Substances that over activate the immune system causing a when one is not necessary. Examples: , bacteria, animal proteins

6) Endocrine Disruptors – is a that interferes with the endocrine system or hormones. regulate our body functions like growth & development. Small children are at the greatest risk b/c they are developing. Example: PCBs

Indoor Chemical HazardsOur homes & buildings may contain chemical including asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide & lead. Indoor pollution is not always easy to detect.

1) Asbestos is a that forms long think fibers. It is used as insulation to muffle sounds and keep heat in. When disturbed, these fibers can be inhaled & may go into tissue. This may cause cancer & asbestosis.

2) Radon is a , odorless, highly toxic radioactive gas. This is made naturally when uranium in rock, soil & water decay. is detected w/a special kit & can be vented out of the building.

3) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is a diverse group of pollutants. These chemicals contain and are released into the air by plastics, perfumes & pesticides. We are unsure how they affect our health b/c we are to them in such low levels. Formaldehyde is an exception.

4) Carbon Monoxide is a & odorless gas. Low exposure can cause , nausea, dizziness & fatigue. Higher exposure can impair vision, chest pains, lower brain function & death. Carbon monoxide can lead from , car exhaust & tobacco smoke. You can protect yourself with a carbon monoxide detector.

5) Lead is another indoor hazard. can be in the air, drinking water, contaminated soil, dust & lead-based paint. Lead poisoning can lead to learning problem. When , lead poisoning can damage the brain, liver, kidneys & stomach.

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IDENTIFYING HAZARDOUS PRODUCTSHazardous Waste is waste with characteristics that make it _________________to human health and the ______________________________.

Key Words to Identify Hazardous Products1. _____________________ - Chemical action can burn or destroy ________________ ______________ & other material brought into contact.2. Ignitable, flammable or __________________________ - easily set on _______________________3. Explosive - Explode when exposed to ______________________, sudden shock, ______________________ or certain chemical substances4. Toxic - Hazardous substance that causes ____________ effects to living things or ______

SIGNAL WORDSLess toxic Caution

Mild hazard

Warning Moderate hazardMore toxic

DangerPosion

Extremely toxic, corrosive, flammable

Outdoor Chemical HazardsThere are chemical hazards in the air, on land, and in the These contaminants include antibiotics, , drugs, disinfectants, solvents, perfumes and other substances.

1) Hazards in the – Chemicals in the air can travel by & impact an area far away from the beginning point. Volcanic eruptions & human activity can release chemical hazards in the air….such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc.

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2) Hazards on Land – hazards can enter the soil in many ways. Using pesticides put chemicals directly in the land. Also improper disposal of devices can add heavy metals like lead in the .

3) Hazards in Water – Many are soluble in water and enter the organisms’ _ through drinking or absorption. Chemicals can enter the water in many different ways. Runoff…water runs off the & picks up everything in its path. Hazards can also be released directly into the water.

Toxic chemicals accumulate in organisms as they feed on one another…this is called _ ! When the toxic substance builds up large concentrations in the bodies of organisms it is called . Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are the that magnify through the food web & cause adverse health effects for . POPs can be carried long distances by water & wind.Ex. DDT, PCBs

The use of POPs has led to an international . As of 2009, countries have signed the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants agreeing to reduce the use of the top 12 POPs.

Natural DisastersNatural Disasters can affect the surface, lives and property.

Earthquakes: earth due to tectonic scraping against one another

Landslide: rock and slide down a slope usually after an earthquake

Tsunami: a large caused by an earthquake at the bottom of the ocean

Volcano: opening in the Earth’s crust through which ash and gases are ________

Tornadoes: type of in which a funnel of air drops down from a storm cloud touches the Earth

Hurricanes: a powerful storm that forms over the in the tropics

Avalanche: mass of sliding down a slope

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Hazard Damages Safety & Preparation

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Tornadoes

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Hurricanes

Thunderstorms

Avalanches

http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/

How clean is EPHS Air?Dust Particle Monitoring (15 points)

Data Analysis: 1. Location of label: ___________________________________________2. Using the magnifying lens, describe what you see on your label?

3. Draw your label & describe whether the coverage of particulates is light, moderate or heavy.

Circle one: Light Moderate Heavy

4. Where are most of the large particles and why?

5. Do you find any evidence of material from plants or animals, or of material that appears man-made?

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6. List three possible pollution sources in the area where your label was?

7. Compare your label with another, how is it different?

8. Estimate the percentage of the label that is covered with pollutants= _________%

The Love Canal

Read the following article about a hazardous waste site in the US. Please highlight or underline the important facts.

Love Canal is a residential district comprised of 36 city blocks in the southeast area of the city of Niagara Falls, New York. Beghotz Creek borders the neighborhood on the north side, and the Niagara River borders it on the south. A portion of Love Canal was a dump site for toxic chemicals and waste for a good part of the 20th century. The chemicals’ damaging effects on nearby residents brought toxic waste and its potentially devastating dangers to humans to the forefront of global consciousness.

Love Canal was named for William T. Love, who proposed building a canal to connect the two different levels of the Niagara in order to help the local economy. Only one mile (1.61 kilometers) was completed, and the plan was scrapped due to economic problems. The city of Niagara Falls purchased the land in 1920, and it was repurposed as a site to dispose of chemical waste. It is rumored that the United States Army also dumped waste from chemical experiments at Love Canal.

From 1942 to 1953, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, which purchased the land from the city, buried nearly 22,000 tons (20,000 metric tons) of toxic waste products at Love Canal. In 1953, the site was considered to have reached maximum capacity and was closed.

Niagara Falls’ school board needed land to expand and pressured Hooker Chemical to sell an area of the landfill. They were interested in building a new school on part of the property that had not been used as a dump site, but bordered it. Hooker Chemical sold the entire property for the low price of one US Dollar (USD), but included a short disclaimer releasing them from potential liability. The 99th Street School was built for elementary school students partially on the landfill site.

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By the late 1950s, housing was being built in Love Canal, bordering the landfill, and unfortunately, buyers were not given disclosure of the site's potential hazards. Over the subsequent years, residents of Love Canal reported strange smells and substances that were appearing on their properties. Local officials responded by covering the substances with clay and further “securing” the landfill.

It wasn’t until nearly 20 years later that the Love Canal Homeowner’s Association, led by president Lois Gibbs, a mother of a 99th Street Elementary School student, began to bring the woes of the neighborhood to the nation’s attention. It would be a three year battle to have the situation rectified by the government and Hooker Chemical. Residents of Love Canal were suffering from high cancer rates, birth defects and unexplained illnesses. In previous years, they had had a hard time proving that the dump site was to blame.The New York State Department of Health began a study in 1978, which evaluated the air, the soil and a sampling of residents’ health. The New York State Commissioner of Health issued a public health hazard warning on 25 April 1978, declaring the area hazardous. Residents still faced health problems and could not sell their houses to move away from the site.

President Jimmy Carter intervened on 7 August 1978, when he issued a declaration of a federal emergency. Residents were immediately relocated. After much testing and investigation, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined that chemicals had in fact found their way into the basements and homes of residents and had caused irreversible chromosomal damage and reproductive issues. This damage contributed to a higher risk of developing cancer, as well as other serious health issues.

On 21 May 1980, a state of emergency was declared and more than 800 Love Canal families were permanently moved and paid for their properties. Superfund was created in response to the catastrophe, and as a result, the parent of Hooker Chemical, Occidental Petroleum, was forced to pay 129 million USD to rectify the problem.

Source: www.wisegeek.com

Clean-up took over 20 years. The government had studied this area and spent over $3 million testing the area. In 1998, the nearby areas were deemed safe. People moved back into the area into a new community called Black Creek Village. The waterway and many homes have been buried under a plastic liner, clay and soil. The actual waterway is gated and posted as a hazardous site and is permanently off limits.

Discussion Questions

1. What types of disease and sickness did the people of Love Canal experience?

2. Do you think that the company that did the dumping was held accountable enough? If no, what else would you require of them?

3. How do you think that dumping could go on for 20 years before it come to the attention of the residents?

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4. Would you move into the new Black Creek Village? Give reasons to support your position.

Examine the pictures below. Circle possible areas where you might encounter an environmental health concern. List the specific threat in each circled situation.

Choose one possible environmental health concern from the scenes above. Now write several sentences explaining the possible effects of that concern on people’s health?

Now spend some time investigating Tox Town. Visit the different sites in Tox Town and answer the following question. The address for Tox Town is www.toxtown.nlm.nih.gov.

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1. Find the school and click on the chemical hotspots. List two of these concerns that you think may have occurred at EPASD. _____________________________ & _______________________________

2. How can my dog affect my health?

3. You’re planning to buy a new car. What two factors do you need to consider when looking for a car that is less polluting than some others might be? ___________________________ and _____________________

4. Go to the Port and then click on the beach. Look up healthy swimming and list three things that should happen at the pool to keep it safe.

a. __________________________________________

b. _________________________________________

c. _________________________________________

5. Cell phones – list one way in which cell phones can affect your health? __________________________

6. Where is mercury found in hospitals? _______________________________________________

7. List 2 types of products use toluene. ___________________________ and __________________________

8. My skin is dark. Why do I need to be concerned about tanning and burning? Will the sun have any health effects on me?

9. How do fish get mercury? ______________________________________________________________

10. Does cleaning & cooking fish remove mercury from their system? ________________________________

11. My house was flooded last year, and I still have mold in my house that looks like it covers about 40 square feet. Should I clean it up myself?

12. My science teacher wants me to do an Earth Day project on local Brownfield. What’s wrong with a Brownfield and what we can do to clean them up?

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Application: Predict at least three risks that might exist in Enola and where.

1. ________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________

What’s Under the Sink?Choose a household product & complete the graphic organizer below.Go to the following website

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Product Name: _________________________________

Uses:

Key words to identify toxicity:

First Aid:

Harmful Effect to HUMAN health:

Handling & Proper disposal

Active ingredient:

ALTERNATIVE NON-TOXIC CLEANERSDefine the following KEY words to identify hazardous products. 1. Flammable or combustible - ____________________________________2. Explosive or reactive - ________________________________________

3. Corrosive - ________________________________________________

4. Toxic - ___________________________________________________

For household products the following key words are used on the labels. Place the words in order from less toxic (1) to most toxic (3). ______ danger _______warning or caution ______poison

Research and find alternative non-toxic replacements for the following hazardous wastes. Must find a different environmentally friendly or homemade cleaner for each category! Write the recipe to make the alternative cleaner!!!!

Hazardous product

Non-toxic Alternative

Windex or window cleaner

Toilet cleaner

Furniture polish

Laundry detergent

Pesticides

Oven cleaners

Environmental Health Review Matching: Please choose the best vocabulary word to match the definition.

_____1. How harmful a substance is A. pathogens

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_____2. The amount of a substances an organism is exposed to B. tornado

_____3. Any chemical that can cause cancer C. biomagnification

_____4. Group of chemicals that can affect the nervous system D. lead

_____5. Used for insulation; can cause cancer E. asbestos

_____6. Can be in the air, water, soil, paint or dust & damages F. neurotoxinsorgans of the body

_____7. Chemical concentrations increases as it moves up G. doseup the food chain

_____8. Takes the form of a funnel of rotating air H. toxicity

_____9. Can include lightning, heavy rain & sometimes hail I. carcinogens

____10. Disease-causing agent J. thunderstorm

Fill in the blank. Choose the best word to complete the sentence.1. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which are ___________________ hazards.2. ____________________ are chemicals that do not harm adults but do affect the

development of embryos.3. A disease that appears for the first time is an _____________________ disease.4. ______________________is the study of disease in human population.5. The relationship between different doses of chemicals and the responses they

generate is called ____________ ________________________.6. A mass of snow sliding down a slope is a _______________________.7. A colorless, toxic, radioactive gas is ________________________.8. A powerful storm that forms over the ocean in the tropics is called a

____________________.9. A large ocean wave often created by an ocean floor earthquake is a

__________________.10. ___________________ is matter or energy that is released into the environment

causing negative effects.

Short Answer: Please answer the following questions with details!1. List the four types of hazards & give an example of each.

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OptionalInstructional Tools:

HS dust monitoringSmog City 2 SimulationPollution FlyerDisease simulationTox TownWhat’s Under the Sink

2. Why do people respond differently to environmental hazards?

3. What are some factors to consider when determining risk assessment?

4. How can infectious disease spread?

5. What helps emerging disease spread?

6. List the six types of chemicals & how they impact humans.

7. Give an example of an indoor & outdoor chemical hazard.

8. What’s the difference between a landslide & an avalanche?

9. What is the relationship between environmental health & our own health?

10. During flu season, there are constant reminders to wash your hands. Why is this important? Suggest something else people could do prevent infection.

SLM Environmental Health (8 days) Ecology -Mrs. Sim

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Unit Essential Question(s):

What is the relationship between

PA Standard(s):4.5.10.E: Describe the impact of occupational exposure to pollutants.

Environmental Health1) Environmental Health : the study of how environmental factors affect human health & quality of life2) Hazard : something that threatens or is harmful to human health

3) Pathogen : a disease-causing organism

4) Epidemiology : the study of disease in human population

5) Toxicology : the study of how poisons affect an organism’s health

6) Toxicity : the degree to which a substance is harmful to an organism

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What is the relationship between

Environmental Health

What is environmental

health?

Environmental healthHazardPathogenEpidemiologyToxicologyToxicityDoseResponseDose-response relationshipRiskRisk assessment

Infectious diseaseEmerging disease

Vocabulary: Vocabulary:

Lesson Essential Questions:

Concept

7) Dose : the level of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance

8) Response : the effect on an organisms of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance

9) Dose-response : the effect on an organism at different levels of exposure to a pollutant or other hazardous substance

10) Risk : the probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response

11) Risk assessment : the process of measuring risk

12) Infectious disease : a disease caused by a pathogen

13) Emerging disease : a disease that is appearing in the human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is spreading rapidly.

14) Pollution : matter of energy that is harmful to the environment

15) Carcinogen : a chemical that causes cancer

16) Teratogen : a substance or disease that prevents a fetus or embryo from developing normally

17) Neurotoxin : a chemical that can damage the nervous system

18) Asbestos : a mineral that forms long, thin, microscopic fibers; used as an insulator against heat & sound

19) Radon : a colorless, highly toxic radioactive gas

20) Bioaccumulation : the buildup of large concentrations of poisons in the body.

21) Biomagnification : the increased concentration of pollutants at each step up a food chain.

22) Earthquake : the movement of earth caused by shifting tectonic plates

23) Landslide : the rapid movement of rock & soil sliding down a slope

24) Tsunami : a large ocean wave produced by an earthquake or other disturbance on the ocean floor

25) Volcano : an opening in Earth’s crust through which molten lava, ash & gases are ejected

26) Tornado : a type of windstorm in which a funnel of rotating air drops down from a storm cloud & touches the Earth’s surface

27) Hurricane: a powerful storm that forms over the ocean in the tropics

28) Thunderstorm : a localized storm that produces both lightning & thunder

29) Avalanche : the rapid movement of snow sliding down a slope

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