Name of the Subject - Welcome to SVECW · Name of the Subject : ... Varactor Diode, LED, Photo Diode, Schottky ... reduction of state tables and state assignment,

Name of the Subject : Electronic Devices and Circuits Subject Code : UGEC3T01

Year/Semester : II/ I

Regulation year : 2014-15 Theory : 3+2 hrs

Credits : 4

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to introduce the students about the fundamental concepts of semi

conductor diodes, Transistor and their applications. At the end of the course, the students are expected

to know about the applications of the semi conductor devices.

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to

CO 1 Understand the concepts of various semiconductor diodes used in electronic devices.

CO 2 Analyze and design rectifier and filter circuits and measure their parameters.

CO 3 Know the operation and characteristics of BJT and FET

CO 4 Use and Analyze BJT & FET as an Amplifier

UNIT- I:

PN-JUNCTION DIODE: Review of semiconductor physics, Mobility and Conductivity, Continuity Equation,

Injected Minority Carriers, potential variations with in a Graded semiconductor, Open circuited P N

Junction ,Biased P N Junction , Current components in PN Diode, Diode Equation, V-I Characteristic,

Temperature Dependence on V – I characteristic, Diode Resistance (Static and Dynamic), Diode

Capacitance, Energy Band Diagram of PN Diode. Diode switching characteristics.

Special Diodes: Avalanche and Zener Break Down, Zener Diode Characteristics, Tunnel Diode,

Characteristics with the help of Energy Band Diagrams, Varactor Diode, LED, Photo Diode, Schottky

Barrier Diode, SCR and its applications.

UNIT II:

RECTIFIERS AND FILTERS: Basic Regulated Power Supply setup, need for a power supply. Half wave

rectifier, ripple factor, full wave rectifier, input and output wave forms, derivation of characteristics of

rectifiers, comparison among the rectifiers. Filters, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L-section filter, Π-

section filter, Zener diode as source and load regulator

UNIT- III:

BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR: Device Structure and Physical Operation, Transistor current

components, Transistor switching characteristics, Transistor as an amplifier, Characteristics of Transistor

in Common Base and Common Emitter Configurations, Common Collector Configurations and

comparison. Relation between α,β,γ. Early effect, Punch Through, Typical transistor junction voltage

values. Transistor series and shunt regulator.

UNIT- IV:

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS: FET types, construction, operation, characteristics, FET parameters,

Current equation. Advantage and disadvantage of FET over BJT. MOSFET characteristics (Enhancement

and depletion mode), comparison between JFET and MOSFET, Introduction to UJT construction,

operation and their characteristics.

UNIT-V:

TRANSISTOR BIASING AND THERMAL STABILIZATION :Need for Biasing, DC load line, Operating point,

Basic Stability, Fixed Bias, Collector to Base Bias, Self Bias Amplifiers, Transistor Stabilization and

Stabilization factor (S), Bias Compensation, Thermistor and Sensitor compensation and Heat Sinks,

Thermal runaway, Thermal stability.

UNIT- VI:

SMALL SIGNAL LOW FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR MODELS: Two port network and Transistor Hybrid

model, Determination of h-parameters from characteristics, Conversion formulas for the parameters of

three transistor configurations, generalized analysis of a Transistor Amplifier circuit using h- parameters,

Analysis of CB,CE and CC amplifiers, Comparison of Transistor Amplifier configurations. Frequency

response of RC coupled Amplifier.

Text Books

T1. Integrated Electronics – Jacob Millman, Chritos C. Halkies,, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, 2009

T2. Electronic Devices and Circuits- David A.Bell, Oxford University Press, Fifth edition

References

R1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,9th

Edition,2006

R2. Basic Electronics And Linear Circuits_N. N. Bhargava, D. C. Kulshreshtha And S. C. Gupta, Tata

McGraw - Hill Education, 1st edition,2008

Name of the Subject : Network Analysis Subject Code : UGEC3T02



Credits : 4

Course Objectives: This course provides a full understanding of the linear circuit analysis, Kirchhoff laws, node and loop

analysis, first-order circuits, second-order circuits, Thevenin and Norton theorem, sinusoidal steady

state. Introduction to the transient response of series and parallel A.C. circuits and concept of coupled

circuits and two port networks

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Apply the concepts of mesh, nodal analysis, and network theorems.

CO 2 Analyze the concepts of Transient and Steady State Response of RL,RC and RLC Circuits

for DC Excitation

CO 3 Analyze the concepts of AC Steady State analysis

CO 4 Understand the concepts of coupled circuits

CO 5 Analyze the two port networks and Design the Filters

UNIT-I:

ANALYSIS OF DC CIRCUITS: Active Elements, passive Element, Kirchoffs Laws, Voltage and Current

Division Nodal Analysis, Mesh Analysis, Linearity and Superposition, Thevinin’s and Norton’s Theorem,

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Source Transformation. Reciprocity Theorem.

UNIT-II:

DC TRANSIENTS: Inductor, Capacitor, Source free RL, RC and RLC Response, Evaluation of Initial

conditions, application of Unit-step Function to RL, RC and RLC Circuits, Concepts of Natural, Forced and

Complete Response. Solutions using Laplace transform method – Response of Simple Circuits to Unit –

Step, Ramp and Impulse Functions, Initial and Final Value Theorem.

UNIT-III:

SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE ANALYSIS: Definitions of terms associated with periodic functions: Time

period, Angular velocity and frequency, RMS value, Average value, Form factor and peak factor- problem

solving, Phase angle, Phasor representation, Addition and subtraction of phasors, mathematical

representation of sinusoidal quantities, Instantaneous and Average Power, Complex Power, Application

of Network Theorems to AC Circuits, Star-Delta conversion. Principle of Duality, Network Topology –

Definitions of branch, node, tree, planar, non-planar graph, incidence matrix, basic tie set schedule,

basic cut set schedule.

UNIT-IV:

COUPLED CIRCUITS AND RESONANCE Coupled Circuits: Coupled Circuits: Self inductance, Mutual

inductance, Coefficient of coupling, analysis of coupled circuits, Natural current, Dot rule of coupled

circuits, conductively coupled equivalent circuits

Resonance: Introduction, Definition of Q, Series resonance, Bandwidth of series resonance, Parallel

resonance, Condition for maximum impedance, current in anti resonance, Bandwidth of parallel

resonance, general case- resistance present in both branches, anti resonance at all frequencies.

UNIT-V:

TWO PORT NETWORKS: Open circuit impedance parameters, Short circuit admittance parameters,

Transmission parameters, Inverse transmission parameters, Hybrid parameters, Inverse hybrid

parameters, Inter relationship between the parameters, Inter connection of two port networks, T-

Network, π network, lattice networks, terminated two port networks

UNIT-VI:

FILTERS: LPF, HPF, BPF, Band Elimination, All pass prototype filters design, M-derived filters of LP and HP

filters only, Composite design of LP and HP filters, concepts of attenuators.

Text Books

T1. Network Analysis, M. E. Vanvalkenburg, 3rd Edition, PHI.

T2. Network Analysis, A Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan, Tata Mac Graw-Hill

References

R1. Engineering Circuit Analysis, Willam H. Hayt Jr., and Jack E. Kemmerly, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill.

Name of the Subject : Digital Logic Design Subject Code : UGEC3T03

Year /Semester : II/ I

Regulation year : 2014-15 Theory : 3hrs

Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To introduce the concepts and techniques associated with the number systems and codes.

To minimize the logical expressions using Boolean postulates.

To design various combinational and sequential circuits.

To provide with an appreciation of applications for the techniques and mathematics used in this

course.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Know the basic number systems, conversions and Boolean algebra concepts.

CO 2 Design digital systems using combinational and sequential circuits.

CO 3 Understand the concepts of PLDs.

CO 4 Analyze and design finite state Machines.

UNIT-I:

REVIEW OF NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES: Representation of numbers of different radix, conversation

from one radix to another radix, r-l's compliments and r's compliments of signed numbers, problem

solving. 4 bit codes, BCD, Excess-3, 2421, 8421, 9's compliment code , Gray code, Error detection, error

correction codes , parity checking, even parity, odd parity, Hamming code.

UNIT-II:

BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS AND MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES: Boolean theorems, principle of

complementation & duality, De-morgans theorems .Basic logic operations NOT, OR, AND, Universal

building blocks, EX-OR, EX-NOR-Gates, NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR realizations. Standard SOP and POS

Forms. minimization techniques: Minimization of logic functions using Boolean theorems, minimization

of switching functions using K-Map up to 5 variables, tabular minimization.

UNIT-III:

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS DESIGN: Design of Half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full

subtractor, 4-bit binary subtractor, adder-subtractor circuit, BCD adder circuit, Excess 3 adder circuit, 4

bit parallel adder, Carry look-a-head adder circuit, applications of adders and subtractors.

Design of decoder, 7 segment decoder, encoder, multiplexer, higher order multiplexing, demultiplexer,

higher order demultiplexing, realization of Boolean functions using decoders, priority encoder,

multiplexers and 4-bit digital comparator.

UNIT-IV:

INTRODUCTION OF PLDs: PROM, Types of PROMs, PAL, PLA-Basics structures, realization of Boolean

function with PLDs, programming tables of PLDs, merits & demerits of PROM, PAL, PLA comparison,

realization of Boolean functions using PROM, PAL, PLA, programming tables of PROM, PAL, PLA.

UNIT-V:

SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS: Classification of sequential circuits, synchronous and asynchronous; basic flip-

flops, truth tables and excitation tables for NAND RS latch, NOR RS latch, RS flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-

flop, D flip-flop with reset and clear terminals. Conversion from one flip-flop to another flip-flop. Design

of Asynchronous counters, design of synchronous counters, Johnson counter, ring counter, Modulo-n

counter, Design of registers - Buffer register, control buffer register, shift register, bi-directional shift

register, universal shift register.

UNIT-VI:

STATE MACHINES: Finite state machine; Analysis of clocked sequential circuits, state diagrams, state

tables, reduction of state tables and state assignment, design procedures. Realization of circuits using

various flip-flops. Meelay to Moore conversion and vice-versa.

Text Books

T1. Switching And Finite Automatic Theory by Zvi G Kohavi Niraj K Jha 2nd Edition

T2. Digital Design By Morris Mano, Prentice Hall; Third Edition

References

R1. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H.Roth Jr, Jaico Publishers.

Name of the Subject : Signals and Systems Subject Code : UGEC3T04



Credits : 4

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to introduce the students about the fundamentals concepts and

techniques associated with the understanding of signals and systems. And familiarize with techniques

suitable for analyzing and synthesizing both continuous-time and discrete time LTI systems using

transforms.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 Understand the basic concepts of signals and systems.

CO 2 Get the knowledge of Orthogonal Functions, Fourier series and various transforms.

CO 3 Determine the convolution, correlation of signals and get the knowledge of Sampling.

CO 4 Understand the characteristics of Continuous Time LTI System and Discrete Time LTI

systems using Transforms

UNIT-I:

Introduction: Signal analysis: Classification of signals and systems, Basic functions- impulse function,

unit step function and Signum function, Signal operations, Representation of signals using impulse

function, Power and Energy of signals. Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space,

Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions.

Fourier series representation of periodic signals

Representation of Fourier series for Continuous time periodic signals , Dirichlet’s conditions, properties

of Fourier series, Exponential Fourier series and trigonometric Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum,

power spectrum of periodic signals.

UNIT-II:

FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Deriving Fourier Transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary

signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier

transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function, introduction to Hilbert

Transform, Energy density function of aperiodic signals.

SAMPLING: Sampling theorem - Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse

sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under

sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.

UNIT-III:

SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS: Linear system, impulse response, Response of a

linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function of a

LTI system. Response Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a

system, Signal bandwidth, System bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and

Paley-Wiener criterion for physical realization,

UNIT-IV:

CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS: Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency

domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms , Cross

correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation functions, Energy density

spectrum, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power

spectral density function. Relation between convolution and correlation. Response of LTI system, Mean

square value of system response, Auto correlation function of response, cross correlation functions of

input and output .

UNIT-V:

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace

transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for

various classes of signals, Properties of L.Ts, Relation between L.Ts and F.T. of a signal, Realization of

Physical system using FT & LT’s, Laplace transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.

UNIT-VI:

Z-TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z-Transform of a discrete sequence, Distinction between Laplace, Fourier

and Z-Transforms, Region of convergence in Z-Transform, Constraints on ROC for various classes of

signals, Inverse Z-Transform, Properties of Z-Transform.

Text Books

T1. Signals and Systems, Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky and Ian T. Young, PHI.

T2. Signals Systems and Communication, B. P. Lathi, BS Publication

References

R1. Signals and Systems, K. Raja Rajeswari and B. V. Rao, Prentice Hall of India.

R2. Signals and Systems, Simon Haykin,Barry Van Veen, 2Ed

Name of the Subject : Electrical Technology Subject Code : UGEE3T04


Regulation year : 2014-15 Theory : 3 hrs

Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To understand the concept of electro mechanical energy conversion.

To learn construction and principle of operation of DC Generator, DC motor, Transformer and

Induction motor.

To know the speed control methods and testing of DC machines, transformers and induction

motor.

To learn the construction and working of special machines

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of the course, students should be able to CO 1 The student will be able to analyze the concepts of Electromechanical Energy

Conversion CO 2 To calculate the electrical quantities and perform experiment to obtain the

characteristics of DC generators CO 3 Able to test and calculate the torque, losses and efficiency DC Motors and apply the

starting and speed control methods of DC shunt motors. CO 4 Able to test and calculate the losses, efficiency and regulation of a Transformer CO 5 Able to apply the starting methods and perform test to calculate the losses, slip, torque

and efficiency of Induction motor CO 6 To learn the construction and working of special machines

UNIT I:

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: Introduction to S.I units-Principles of electromechanical

energy conversion-forces and torque in a magnetic field systems-energy balance-single excited machine-

magnetic forces-co-energy-multi excited magnetic field system

UNIT II:

DC GENERATORS: Principle of operation construction and of DC generators- EMF equation – Types of

generators– Magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators

UNIT III:

D.C. MOTORS: Principle of operation and construction of DC Motors – Types of DC Motors –

Characteristics of DC motors – Basic starting methods of DC shunt motor – Losses and efficiency –

Swinburne’s test – Speed control of DC shunt motor – Flux and Armature voltage control methods.

UNIT IV:

TRANSFORMERS: Principle of operation of single phase transformer – types – Constructional features –

Phasor diagram on No Load and Load – Equivalent circuit, Losses and Efficiency of transformer and

Regulation – OC and SC tests – Predetermination of efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).

UNIT V:

INDUCTION MACHINES: Principle of operation and construction of three-phase induction motors –Slip

ring and Squirrel cage motors – Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation– Starting methods.

UNIT VI:

SPECIAL MACHINES: Principle of operation and construction -Single Phase Induction Motor - Shaded

pole motors – Capacitor motors, AC servomotor.

Text Books

T1. Principles of Electrical Engineering - V.K Mehta, S.Chand Publications.

T2. Theory and Problems of basic electrical engineering - I.J. Nagarath and D.P Kothari, PHI

Publications

T3. Essentials of Electrical and Computer Engineering - David V. Kerns, JR. J. David Irwin

References

R1. Basic Electrical Engineering – M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah, TMH Publ.

R2. Basic Electrical Engineering - T.K. Nagasarkar and M.S.Sukhija, Oxford University Press, 2005

R3. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering by Rajendra Prasad, PHI Publications.

Name of the Subject : Random Variables & Stochastic Processes Subject Code : UGEC3T05



Credits : 4

Course Objective:

The objective of this course is to introduce the students about the fundamentals concepts of probability

and random variables single and multiple. And familiarize with the Stochastic Processes with Temporal

and Spectral Characteristics of the system in the presence of noise.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the concepts of Probability and Random Variables and analyze the

parameters of single Random Variable

CO 2 Understand the concepts of Multiple Random Variables and analyze its parameters

CO 3 Formulate Stochastic Processes with Temporal and Spectral Characteristics

CO 4 know noise concepts and evaluate the performance of System with noise.

UNIT I:

PROBABILITY THEORY AND RANDOM VARIABLE: Probability Theory: Probability Definitions and

Axioms, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability,

Bayes’ Theorem and Independent Events.

Random Variable: Introduction, Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a

Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions,

Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution,

Conditional Density, Properties.

UNIT II:

OPERATION ON ONE RANDOM VARIABLE – EXPECTATIONS: Introduction, Expected Value of a Random

Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and

Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations

of a Random Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic

Transformations of Continuous Random Variable.

UNIT III:

MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES: Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Properties of

Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density –Statistical

Independence, Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit

Theorem, Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES :

Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central

Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables

case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear

Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

UNIT IV:

RANDOM PROCESSES – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Random Process Concept,Classification of

Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of

Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-

Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity,Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic

Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its Properties,

Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.

UNIT V:

RANDOM PROCESSES – SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS: The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship

between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross- Power Density Spectrum,

Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function, Spectral

characteristics of LTI system response. Band pass ,band limited and narrow band process.

UNIT VI:

Noise: Shot Noise, Thermal Noise, Noise Calculations: Single Noise Source, Multiple Sources:

Superposition of Power Spectra, Noise Calculations in Passive Circuits, Equivalent Noise Bandwidth,

Noise Figure of an Amplifier, Power Density and Available Power Density, Effective Noise Temperature,

Noise Figure in Terms of Available Gain, System evaluation using random noise.

Text Books

T1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles,TMH, 4th Edition,

2001.

References

R1. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and

S.Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.

R2. Schaum’s outline of Theory and Problems of Probability, Random Variables and Random

Processes – Hwei P. Hsu, McGraw Hill Edition

Name of the Subject : Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab Subject Code : UGEC3P07

(Common to ECE & EEE) Year/Semester : II/ I

Regulation year : 2014-15 Practical : 3 hrs

Credits : 1

Course Objective

The objective of this course is to introduce the students about to provide an overview of the principles,

operation and application of the basic electronic components. And Understand the Characteristics of the

active devices., and frequency response of different amplifiers.

Course Outcomes


CO 1 Identify and test different Passive Components & Active devices.

CO 2 Understand the characteristics of the PN junction diode and zener diode

CO 3 Understand the operation of rectifiers with and without filters.

CO 4 Obtain the input and output characteristics of BJT,FET,UJT and SCR.

CO 5 Obtain the frequency response of BJT and FET Amplifier.

PART A : ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP PRACTICE

1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Colour Codes), Potentiometers,

Switches (SPDT, DPDT, and DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards.

2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of Active Devices, Diodes, BJTs, JFETs,MOSFETs, Power

Transistors, LEDs, LCDs, Optoelectronic Devices, SCR, UJT, DIACs,TRIACs.

3. Soldering practice – Simple Circuits using active and passive components.

4. Single layer and Multi layer PCBs (Identification and Utility).

5. Study and operation of Ammeters, Voltmeters, Transformer, Analog and Digital Multimeters,

Function Generator, Regulated Power Supplies and CRO.

PART B: (For Laboratory examination – Minimum of 10 experiments)

1. PN Junction diode characteristics

a. A. Forward bias B. Reverse bias.( cut-in voltage &Resistance calculations)

2. Zener diode characteristics and Zener as a regulator

3. Half wave Rectifier (with & without filters )

4. Full wave Rectifier with filters (with & without filters )

5. Transistor CB characteristics (Input and Output) & h Parameter calculations

6. Transistor CE characteristics (Input and Output) & h Parameter calculations

7. FET characteristics (Drain, Transfer characteristics) and calculate Drain Resistance (rd), Trans

Conductance (gm), Amplification factor (µ).

8. SCR Characteristics

9. Emitter Characteristics of UJT

10. Design and verify Self Bias Circuit. ( Q - Point)

11. Frequency response of CE Amplifier (With and without Emitter bypass capacitor) and calculate

Bandwidth, input and output impedances.

12. Frequency response of CC Amplifier (Emitter Follower) and calculate Bandwidth, input and

output impedances.

13. Frequency response of CS Amplifier and calculate Bandwidth, input and output impedances.

14. Transistor as switch.

15. MOSFET characteristics

Name of the Subject : Networks & Electrical Technology Laboratory Subject Code : UGEE3P06

Year/ Semester : II/ I

Regulation year : 2014-15 Practical : 3 hrs

Credits : 1

Course Objective:

To apply the network theorems and concept of series and parallel resonance on resistive and

reactive loads.

To perform brake test on DC shunt motor and three phase Induction motor

To perform OC and SC test on single phase transformer and asses their performance.

To predetermine the regulation of three–phase alternator by synchronous impedance method

Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, students should be able to

CO 1 Able to determine Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-factor for RLC series and parallel resonant networks.

CO 2 Able to verify various Network theorems. CO 3 Able to determine the critical field resistance and critical speed of DC generator. CO 4 Predetermine the efficiency of a given DC Shunt machine working as motor and

generator. CO 5 Able to predetermine the efficiency and regulation of single-phase transformer at given

power factors and determine its equivalent circuit. CO 6 Able to obtain performance characteristics of DC shunt motor and three-phase

Induction motor. CO 7 To predetermine the regulation of three–phase alternator by synchronous impedance

method

Any five experiments are to be conducted from each part.

PART – A

1. Series and Parallel Resonance – Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-factor

determination for RLC network.

2. Time response of first order RC/RL network for periodic non-sinusoidal inputs – time constant

and steady state error determination.

3. Two port network parameters – Z-Y Parameters, chain matrix and analytical verification.

4. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.

5. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem. Verification on DC, verification on AC with

Resistive and Reactive loads

6. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits and verification by

direct test.

PART – B

1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator. Determination of critical field resistance

2. Swinburne’s Test on DC shunt machine (Predetermination of efficiency of a given DC Shunt

machine working as motor and generator)

3. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance characteristics

4. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer (Predetermination of efficiency and regulation at

given power factors and determination of equivalent circuit)

5. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor (performance characteristics)

6. Regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method

Name of the Subject : Control Systems Subject Code : UGEC4T01

Year/Semester : II/ II

Regulation year : 2014-15 Theory : 3+2hrs

Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the principles and applications of control systems

in everyday life. The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time

invariant systems and also deals with the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency

domain and time domain.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Formulate the mathematical model and transfer function of mechanical & electrical

systems

CO 2 Understand the time response of systems and analyze the stability of the systems

CO 3 Know the stability of open loop and closed loop control systems using classical time and

frequency domain techniques.

CO 4 Know the controllability and observability of control systems using state space

techniques

UNIT – I:

INTRODUCTION: Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their

differences- Different examples of control systems-Classification of control systems, Feed-back

Characteristics, Effects of feedback. Mathematical models – Differential equations, Impulse Response

and transfer functions - Translational and Rotational mechanical systems

UNIT II:

TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION: Block diagram representation of systems considering electrical

systems as examples -Block Diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction using

mason’s gain formula.

UNIT-III:

TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS: Standard test signals - Time response of first order systems – Characteristic

Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems -Time domain

specifications – Steady state response - Steady state errors and error constants

UNIT – IV:

STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN: The concept of stability – Routh’s stability Criterion – qualitative

stability and conditional stability – limitations of Routh’s stability

ROOT LOCUS TECHNIQUE: The root locus concept -construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and

zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.

UNIT – V:

FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS: Introduction, Frequency domain specifications Bode diagrams-

Determination of Frequency domain specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase

margin and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots.

STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN: Polar Plots, Nyquist Plots Stability Analysis.

UNIT – VI:

STATE SPACE REPRESENTATION TECHNIQUE: State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems Concepts of

state, state variables and state model, Derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization-

Solving the Time invariant State Equations- State Transition Matrix and its Properties – Concepts of

Controllability and Observability

Text Books

T1. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and son’s.,

T2. Control Systems Engineering – by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International (P)

Limited,Pub. 2nd edition.

References

R1. Modern Control Engineering – by Katsuhiko Ogata – Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition,

1998.

R2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.

Name of the Subject : Digital IC Applications Subject Cod : UGEC4T02



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students of the electrical behavior of CMOS both in static

and dynamic conditions and before that study the diode/transistor-transistor logic and Emitter coupled

logic. In this course, students can study Integrated circuits for all digital operational designs like adder,

subtractor, multipliers, multiplexers, registers, counters, flip flops, encoders, decoders and memory

elements like RAM and ROM. Design and to develop the internal circuits for different digital operations

and simulate them using hardware language. Understand the concepts of SSI Latches and Flip-Flops and

Design of Counters using Digital ICs, modeling of sequential logic integrated circuits using VHDL.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the concepts of Logic families

CO 2 Get familiarity with the digital operations by connecting the ICs and can also design,

simulate their results using hardware description language.

CO 3 Design and Analyze procedures of Combinational and Sequential Circuits

CO 4 Understand the memory structures.

UNIT – I:

LOGIC FAMILIES: Introduction to logic families, CMOS logic, CMOS steady state electrical behavior,

CMOS dynamic electrical behavior, CMOS logic families, Bipolar logic, Transistor logic, TTL families,

CMOS/TTL interfacing, low voltage CMOS logic and interfacing, Emitter coupled logic.

UNIT II:

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE: Design flow, program structure, types and constants, functions

and procedures, libraries and packages. Structural design elements, data flow design elements,

behavioral design elements.

UNIT-III:

VHDL MODELLING: Simulation, Logic Synthesis, Constraints, Technology Libraries, Functional Gate-Level

verification, Place and Route, Post Layout Timing Simulation, Static Timing, Major Netlist formats for

design representation, VHDL Synthesis-Programming Approach.

UNIT-IV:

COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN: Decoders, encoders, three state devices, multiplexers and

demultiplexers, Code Converters, EX-OR gates and parity circuits, comparators, adders & subtractor,

Barrel Shifter, ALUs, Combinational multipliers. VHDL models for the above ICs.

UNIT-V:

SEQUENTIAL LOGIC DESIGN : SSI Latches and Flip-Flops, Counters, Design of Counters using Digital ICs,

Ring Counter, Johnson Counter, Modulus N Synchronous Counters, MSI Registers, Shift Registers, Modes

of Operation of Shift Registers, Universal Shift Registers, MSI Shift Registers, Design considerations with

relevant Digital ICs, modeling of circuits by using VHDL

UNIT – VI:

MEMORIES: ROMs: Internal structure, 2D-decoding commercial types, timing and applications.

Static RAM: Internal structure, SRAM timing, standard SRAMS, synchronous SRAMS.

Dynamic RAM: Internal structure, timing, synchronous DRAMs

Text Books

T1. Digital Design Principles & Practices – John F. Wakerly, PHI/ Pearson Education Asia, 3rd Ed.,

2005.

T2. VHDL Primer – J. Bhasker, Pearson Education/ PHI,3rd Edition.

References

R1. Digital System Design Using VHDL – Charles H. Roth Jr., PWS Publications,1998.

R2. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design – Stephen Brown and Zvonko Vramesic,

McGraw Hill,2nd Edition.,2005.

Name of the Subject : Electronic Circuit Analysis Subject Code : UGEC4T03



Credits : 4

Course objectives:

This course relies on elementary treatment and qualitative analysis and makes use of simple models

and equation to illustrate the concepts involved. To provide an overview of amplifiers, feedback

amplifiers and oscillators. To gain the knowledge on existing on future analog circuits.

Course outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the concepts of High frequency analysis of Transistors, multistage

amplifiers.

CO 2 Analyze the performance of negative as well as positive feedback circuits.

CO 3 Analyze the Power Amplifier circuits.

CO 4 Analyze the performance of tuned amplifiers & regulators.

UNIT I:

SMALL SIGNAL HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER MODELS: BJT: Transistor at High frequencies,

Hybrid-π Common Emitter transistor model, Determination of Hybrid- π conductance, Hybrid- π

capacitances, validity of Hybrid- π model, Variation of Hybrid parameters with IC,VCE and Temperature,

CE short circuit current gain, CE current gain with resistive load, Cut-off frequencies.

UNIT II:

MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS: Introduction, Choice of Transistor Configuration in Cascaded Amplifier,

Multistage Amplifier Gain, n-Stage Cascaded Amplifier, Methods of coupling, Analysis of Two Stage RC

Coupled amplifier using BJT, high input resistance transistor amplifier circuits and their analysis-

Darlington pair amplifier, Cascode amplifier, Boot-strap Emitter Follower Circuit, Boot-strap Darlington

Circuit, Differential amplifier using BJT.

UNIT-III:

FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS: Classification of Amplifiers, the Feedback concept, The Transfer Gain with

Feedback, General Characteristics of Negative Feedback Amplifiers, Feedback topologies ,Effect of

Feedback on Input and Output Resistances, Method of analysis of feedback amplifiers, Voltage Series,

Voltage Shunt, Current Series, Current Shunt Feed Back Amplifiers Analysis Using Discrete Components.

UNIT-IV:

OSCILLATORS: Basic theory of Oscillators, condition for oscillations, Classification of oscillators, RC-phase

shift oscillators with BJT and FET with necessary derivation for frequency of oscillation, Wien Bridge

Oscillator, Generalized form of LC oscillators, Hartley, Colpitts and Clapp oscillators with BJT and their

analysis, Crystal oscillators, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators, Negative Resistance in

Oscillators.

UNIT V:

POWER AMPLIFIERS :Classification of power amplifiers, Class A power Amplifier and its analysis,

Transformer- Coupled Class-A power Amplifier and its analysis, Harmonic Distortion, push pull amplifier,

Class B power Amplifier, Class B Push-Pull amplifier and its analysis, Complementary symmetry power

amplifier, Class AB power amplifier, Class- C power amplifier, Heat sinks.

UNIT VI:

TUNED AMPLIFIERS&VOLTAGE REGULATORS: Introduction, Q-Factor, Small Signal Tuned Amplifier –

Capacitance coupled single tuned amplifier, Double Tuned Amplifiers, Effect of Cascading Single tuned

amplifiers on Band width, Effect of Cascading Double tuned amplifiers on Band width, Staggered tuned

amplifiers, Stability of tuned amplifiers, Voltage Regulation, Line Regulation, Load Regulation.

Text Books

T1. Integrated Electronics – J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, Mc Graw-Hill, 1972.

T2. Electronic Devices and Circuits David A Bell Oxford University ,Press.

References

R1. Micro Electronic Circuits – Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press,5th ed.

R2. Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design – Donald A. Neaman, Mc Graw Hill.

R3. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory – Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,

Pearson/Prentice Hall, 9th Edition, 2006.

Name of the Subject : Pulse & Digital Circuits Subject Code : UGEC4T04

(Common to ECE & EEE ) Year/Semester : II/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

This subject introduce about wave shaping concepts of both linear and non-linear circuits. Here we can

study TIME BASE GENERATORS, multivibrators and sampling gates. We can also learn about the

realization of different logic gates and their properties.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Design linear and non-linear wave shaping circuits.

CO 2 Apply the fundamental concepts of wave shaping for various switching and signal

generating circuits

CO 3 Know the basic operating principles of sampling gates, types and their applications.

CO 4 Realize different logic gates and analyze the outputs.

UNIT- I:

LINEAR WAVE SHAPING: Introduction to High pass and Low pass RC circuits, Response of High pass and

Low pass RC circuits to sinusoidal, step, pulse, square, exponential and Ramp inputs, High pass RC circuit

as a differentiator, Low pass RC circuit as an integrator. Attenuators, its applications in CRO probe, RL

and RLC Circuits and their response for step input, Ringing Circuit.

UNIT- II:

NONLINEAR WAVE SHAPING: Clipping Circuits: Diode Clippers, Shunt Clippers, Series Clippers, Clipping

at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers, Transistor Clipper, Emitter coupled

clipper, Comparators, Applications of voltage comprators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using

diode with different inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, Practical Clamping circuits, effect of diode

characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.

UNIT- III:

TIME BASE GENERATORS: General features of a time-base signal, Methods of Generating time base

waveform Exponential voltage sweep circuit, Generation of linear sweep using the CB configuration, A

voltage Sweep Generator using a UJT, Basic principles of Miller and Bootstrap time-base generators,

transistor Miller voltage sweep generator, transistor bootstrap voltage sweep generator.

UNIT- IV:

BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS: Design and Analysis of Fixed-bias& self-bias transistor binary,

Commutating capacitors, , Non saturating Binary, Triggering of Binary, Triggering Unsymmetrically

through a Unilateral Device, Triggering Symmetrically through a Unilateral Device, Transistor Schmitt

trigger and its applications.

UNIT- V:

MONOSTABLE & ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATORS: Collector coupled Monostable multivibrator, Expression

for the gate width, waveforms at bases and collectors; Collector coupled Astable multivibrator-

expression for the frequency of operation, waveforms at bases and collectors, The Astable multivibrator

as a voltage to frequency convertor; Design and analysis related problems on those circuits.

UNIT VI:

SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION: Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in

sweep circuit, Synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division

with a sweep circuit.

Sampling gates and Relation of Logic Gates Using Diodes and Transistors; Basic operating principles of

sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits,

Applications of sampling gates, Realization of AND,OR,NOT, NAND, NOR Gates by using Diodes, RTL, DTL.

Text Books

T1. Pulse Digital and Switching Waveforms, J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition 1991.

T2. Pulse switching and digital circuits – David A.Bell,PHI ,5th Edn., oxford university press.

References

R1. Pulse and Digital Circuits, K.Venkat Rao, Pearson Education India, 2nd Edition, 2010.

R2. Pulse and Digital Circuits, A. Anand Kumar, PHI, second edition, 2005.

Name of the Subject : Analog Communications Subject Code : UGEC4T05



Credits : 3

Course objective:

This course provides a thorough introduction to the basic principles and techniques used in analog

communications. The course will introduce analog modulation techniques, communication receiver and

transmitter design, noise analysis, and multiplexing techniques. The course also introduces analytical

techniques to evaluate the performance of communication systems.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand and analyze various Amplitude modulation and demodulation methods.

CO 2 Understand and analyze Angle modulation and demodulation methods.

CO 3 Determine performance of Analog communication System in presence of Noise.

CO 4 Understand the concepts of Transmitters and Receivers and their circuits.

UNIT-I:

LINEAR MODULATION SYSTEMS: Need for Modulation, Frequency Translation, Method of Frequency

Translation, Amplitude Modulation, Modulation Index, Spectrum of AM Signal, Modulators and

Demodulators (Diode detector), DSB-SC Signal and its Spectrum, Balanced Modulator, Synchronous

Detectors, SSB Signal, SSB Generation Methods, Power Calculations in AM Systems, Application of AM

Systems.

UNIT-II:

ANGLE MODULATION SYSTEMS: Angle Modulation, Phase and Frequency Modulation and their

Relationship, Phase and Frequency Deviation, Narrow Band and Wideband FM, Spectrum of an FM

Signal, Bandwidth of Sinusoidally Modulated FM Signal, Effect of the Modulation Index on Bandwidth,

Spectrum of Constant Bandwidth FM, Phasor Diagram for FM Signals,

UNIT-III:

FM GENERATION AND DEMODULATION: Parameter variation method, Indirect method of Frequency

Modulation (Armstrong Method), Frequency Multiplication, FM Demodulation: Ideal Differentiation, Slope

Detector, Balanced Slope Detector, Delay Line, FM Demodulation using PLL, Pre – emphasis and De – emphasis,

Comparison of FM and AM, Foster Seeley Discriminator, Ratio Detector.

UNIT-IV:

NOISE IN AM AND FM SYSTEMS: Mathematical Representation of Noise, Frequency domain

representation of Noise, Spectral Components of Noise Response of a Narrowband Filter to Noise, Effect

of a Filter on the Power Spectral Density of Noise, Calculation of Noise in a Linear System, Noise in AM

Systems, Noise in Angle Modulation Systems, Comparison between AM and FM with respect to Noise,

Threshold Improvement in Discriminators, Comparisons between AM and FM.

UNIT-V:

RADIO TRANSMITTERS: Classification of Radio Transmitters, Low level and High Level AM Transmitters,

SSB Transmitters, Variable Reactance FM Transmitters, Phase Modulated FM Transmitters, Frequency

Stability in FM transmitters, Radio Telegraph and Telephone Transmitters, Volume Compressor, Peak

Clipper and VODAS, SSB Transmitters.

UNIT-VI:

RADIO RECEIVERS: Radio Receiver Types, AM Receivers – RF Section, Frequency Changing and Tracking,

Intermediate Frequency and IF Amplifiers, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), AFC; FM Receivers –

Amplitude Limiting, FM Demodulators, Ratio Detectors, ISB Receiver, Comparison with AM Receivers.

Extensions of the Super-heterodyne Principles, Additional Circuits.

Text Books

T1. Principles of Communication Systems, H. Taub and D. L. Schilling, McGraw Hill, 1971.

T2. Communication Systems, Simon Haykins (2nd Edition) John Wiley & Sons.

References

R1. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, B. P. Lathi, 4th Edition, Oxford University

Press.

R2. Analog Communications P.Ramakrishna Rao Tata Mc.Graw Hill.2011

Name of the Subject : EM Waves & Transmission Lines Subject Code : UGEC4T06



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the concepts of Transmission lines and their

parameters, Static Electric & Magnetic fields, Maxwell’s equations under static and time varying fields,

and EM Wave characteristics.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Analyze transmission lines and their parameters

CO 2 Understand the concepts of static Electric and Magnetic fields

CO 3 Understand the concepts of time varying static Electric and Magnetic fields

CO 4 Use Maxwell’s equations to know EM wave characteristics in different medium &

materials.

.

UNIT I:

TRANSMISSION LINES – I: Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary

Constants, Expression for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation constant, Phase and Group Velocities,

Infinite line Concepts, losslessness/Low loss Characterization, Distortion- condition for Distortion

lessness and minimum Attenuation, Loading – Types of Loading related problems.

UNIT II:

TRANSMISSION LINES – II: Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC lines, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR.

UHF Lines as circuit elements; λ/8, λ/4, λ/2 Lines– impedance Transformations. Smith Chart–

Configuration & Applications, Single Stub Matching related problems.

UNIT –III:

ELECTROSTATICS : Coulomb's law, Electric field intensity, Electric flux and electric flux density; Gauss's

law and its applications, Electric potential, Maxwell’s two equations for electrostatic fields, Energy

density, Convection and Conduction currents, Dielectric Constant, Continuity equation, Relaxation time,

Poisson's and Laplace's equations, Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial , Spherical Capacitors.

UNIT IV:

MAGNETOSTATICS: Biot-Savart's law, Ampere's Circuital law and its applications, Magnetic flux and

magnetic flux density, Maxwell’s two equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic scalar and vector

magnetic potentials, Forces due to magnetic fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic

Energy.

UNIT V:

MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS: Faraday’s Law, Induced EMF, Motional EMF and Transformer EMF,

Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell's equations in different

forms and word statements. Conditions at Boundary Surface: Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-

Conductor Interfaces.

UNIT VI:

EM WAVE CHARACTERISTICS: Wave equations for Conducting and perfect dielectric media, Uniform

plane waves – definitation, All relations between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations. Wave Propagation in

lossless and Conducting Media. Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, Wave Propagation in good

conductors & Good Dielectrics, Polarization.

Reflection & Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique incidence for both Perfect Conductor and

Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and total internal reflection, Surface Impedance,

Poynting vector and complex poynting theorem – Applications, Power Loss in a Plane Conductor.

Text Books

T1. Elements of Electromagnetic - Mathew N O Sadiku, Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition

T2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – EC Jordan and K G Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition

References

R1. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer, 2nd Edition

R2. Electromagnetic Fields and Wave Theory – GSN Raju, Pearson Education

Name of the Subject : EC & PDC Lab Subject Code : UGEC4P07


Regulation year : 2014-15 Practical : 3hrs

Credits : 1

Course objectives:

The course intends to provide an overview of the principles, operation and application of the analog

&Pulse Digital building blocks for performing various functions. To provide an overview of amplifiers,

feedback amplifiers and oscillators. To design clipping, clamping, pulse generators circuit such as multi

vibrators, time base generators and switching characteristics of devices, realization of logic gates using

diodes and transistors.

Course outcomes:


CO 1 Apply the fundamental design concepts on Electronic Circuits.

CO 2 Solve problems such as amplifiers and oscillators by adapting modern Engineering tool

like multi-sim and ADK kits.

CO 3 Analyze and design BJT switching circuits and TTL logic circuits.

CO 4 Design and analyze logic gates using electronic circuits.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS (Any 10 Experiments)

I.ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

Design and simulation in simulation Laboratory using Multisim OR Pspice OR Equivalent simulation

software & verifying the Result by Hardware (Any Six).

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

1. CE Amplifier & CC Amplifier.

2. Two stage RC coupled Amplifier.

3. Voltage series Feedback Amplifier.

4. Current shunt Feedback Amplifier.

5. RC Phase Shift Oscillator using Transistors.

6. Darlington Emitter Follower Circuit.

7. Class A Series Feed Power Amplifier.

8. Complementary Symmetry Class B Push Pull Power Amplifier.

9. Single Tuned Voltage Amplifier.

10. Series Voltage Regulator.

II.Pulse and Digital Circuits

By Designing the circuit: (Any Six)

1. Linear wave shaping (Diff. Time Constants, Differentiator, Integrator).

2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers, Clampers.

3. Transistor as a switch.

4. Astable Multivibrator.

5. Monostable Multivibrator.

6. Bistable Multivibrator.

7. Schmitt Trigger.

8. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.

9. Bootstrap sweep circuit.

10. Study of logic gates.

Name of the Subject : Analog Communication Lab Subject Code : UGEC4P08



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to give experimental exposure to the students about analog modulation

techniques such as linear and non linear modulation techniques.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Generate and analyze Analog Modulated and demodulated Signals.

CO 2 Test & observe the outputs of different types of detectors.

CO 3 Test and analyze output signals of different sections of AM & FM Receivers.

CO 4 Use MATLAB & Simulink tools for Analog Modulation & Demodulation techniques.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS (Any 10 experiments can be done)

Using Hardware circuits

1. Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation .

2. Diode Detector.

3. AM – DSB SC Modulation & Demodulation (Balance Modulator & Synchronous Detector).

4. Frequency Modulation & Demodulation .

5. Spectrum analysis of AM & FM Signal using Spectrum Analyzer.

6. Phase Locked Loop.

7. Pre-emphasis & De-emphasis using ADK.

8. AGC (Automatic Gain Control) Circuit.

9. Squelch circuit.

10. Frequency Mixer.

Software lab using MATLAB Tool and Simlink Tool

11. Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation.

12. AM – DSB SC Modulation & Demodulation.

13. AM – SSB SC Modulation & Demodulation.

14. Frequency Modulation & Demodulation.

15. Signal to Noise ratio calculations of AM&FM Receivers.

Name of the Subject : Digital Communications Subject Code : UGEC5T01

Year/Semester : III/ I


Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

To study signal space representation of signals and discuss the process of sampling, quantization

and coding that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals.

To understand baseband and band pass signal transmission and reception techniques.

To learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding and decoding of

digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the basic concepts of Digital Communication system and Pulse and Digital

Modulation Techniques.

CO 2 Design optimum receiver with minimum probability of error for Digital Modulation

Techniques.

CO 3 Understand the concepts of Spread Spectrum techniques.

CO 4 Get familiarity with the concepts of Information theory and coding techniques.

UNIT I:

PULSE ANALOG MODULATION: Time Division Multiplexing, Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single

polarity, double polarity) PWM: Generation & demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and

demodulation of PPM, TDM Vs FDM.

UNIT II:

PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Pulse Code Modulation, Differential Pulse Code Modulation, Delta

Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation, Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation, Companding,

Noise in Pulse-Code and Delta-Modulation Systems.

UNIT III:

DIGITAL MODULATION: Binary Phase-Shift Keying, Differential Phase-Shift Keying, Differentially-

Encoded PSK (DEPSK), Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK), M-ary PSK, Quadrature Amplitude Shift

Keying (QASK), Binary Frequency Shift-Keying, Similarity of BFSK and BPSK, M-ary FSK, Minimum Shift

Keying (MSK), Duo-binary Encoding.

UNIT IV:

DATA TRANSMISSION: A Base-band Signal Receiver, Probability of Error, The Optimum Filter, White

Noise: The Matched Filter, Probability of Error of the Matched Filter, Coherent Reception: Correlation,

Phase-Shift Keying, Frequency-Shift Keying, Non-coherent Detection of FSK, Differential PSK, Four Phase

PSK (QPSK), Error Probability for QPSK, Probability of Error of Minimum Shift Keying (MSK), Comparison

of Modulation Systems.

UNIT V:

SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATION: Direct Sequence (DS) Spread Spectrum, Use of Spread Spectrum

with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Ranging using DS Spread Spectrum, Frequency Hopping

(FH) Spread Spectrum, Generation and Characteristics of PN Sequences, Acquisition (Coarse

Synchronization) of a FH Signal, Tracking (Fine Synchronization) of a FH Signal, Acquisition (Coarse

Synchronization) of a DS Signal, Tracking of a DS Signal.

UNIT VI:

INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING: Discrete messages, concept of amount of information and its

properties, Average information, Entropy and its properties, Information rate, Mutual information and

its properties. Source coding- Huffman coding, Shannan fano coding; channel coding – linear block

codes and convolution codes.

Text Books

T1. Digital communications - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005.

T2. Digital and Analog Communication Systems - Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.

References

R1. Analog and Digital Communications by Martin S Roden.

R2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH, 2003.

R3. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983.

Name of the Subject : Electronic Instrumentation Subject Code : UGEC5T02



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students about the characteristics of the instrument and

learn about the different types of instruments and bridges and studied about the various types of

transducers and learns the basics of bio-medical instruments.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the measurement standards and errors of the measurements.

CO 2 Generate different test signals for measuring applications.

CO 3 Apply the knowledge about the instruments for effective utilization.

CO 4 Understand Acquisition and Data logging of different physical parameters

CO 5 Understand Bio-electric potentials and application of patient monitoring equipment

UNIT I

Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy, Resolution, Precision,

Expected value, Error Sensitivity. Errors in Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response,

Fidelity, Lag and Dynamic error. – Multi range DC&AC Voltmeters, Ohmmeters series type, shunt type.

UNIT II:

SIGNAL GENERATORS: fixed and variable, AF oscillators, Standard and AF sine and square wave signal

generators, Function Generators, Square pulse, Random noise, sweep, Arbitrary waveform.

Wave Analyzers-Harmonic Distortion Analyzers, Spectrum Analyzers And Digital Fourier Analyzers.

UNIT III:

BRIDGES: AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson Bridge. Measurement of

capacitance - Schearing Bridge. Wheat stone bridge. Wien Bridge, Errors and precautions in using

bridges, Q-meter.

UNIT IV:

TRANSDUCERS: Active & Passive transducers: Resistance, Capacitance, inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT,

Thermocouples, Thermistors, Sensistors, Measurement of physical parameters -force, pressure.

UNIT V:

DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM: Instrumentation systems, Types of Instrumentation systems, Components

of an Analog Data Acquisition System, Components of Digital Data Acquisition System, Uses of Data

Acquisition System, Data logger.

UNIT VI:

BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION: Age of Bio-medical Engineering, Development of Biomedical

Instrumentation, Man Instrumentation System, Sources of Bioelectric Potentials, Muscle, Bioelectric

Potentials, Sources of Bioelectric Potentials, Resting and Action Potentials, Propagation of Action

Potential, Evoked Responses.

Patient monitoring system-Elements of Intensive-Care Monitoring, Patient Monitoring Displays,

Diagnosis, Calibration and Repair ability of Patient-Monitoring equipment.

Text Books

T1. Electronic Instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.

T2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques – A.D. Helfrick and Cooper

References

R1. A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation – A.K.Sawhney,

Dhanpat Rai Publications.

R2. Bio-Medical Instrumentation and Measurements- Cromewell, Wiebell, Pfeiffer, PHI 2nd Edition

Name of the Subject : Antennas & Wave Propagation Subject Code : UGEC5T03



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the student will be able to understand the applications of the

electromagnetic waves in free space, introduce the working principles of various types of antennas,

discuss the major applications of antennas with an emphasis on how antennas are employed to meet

electronic system requirements and understand the concepts of radio wave propagation in the

atmosphere.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the different Antenna Parameters and analysis of antennas

CO 2 Design and analyze antenna arrays

CO 3 Understand the working of various antennas and antenna measurements

CO 4 Identify the characteristics of radio wave propagation

UNIT I:

ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND RADIATION: Antenna Fundamentals : Definition and functions of

antennas – Antenna Theorems- Applicability and Proofs for Equivalence of directional characteristics;

Antenna Equivalent Circuit, Antenna Parameters – Radiation Parameters, Patterns in Principal Planes,

Main Lobe and side lobes, Beamwidths, Beam area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity,

Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Height.

Radiation Mechanism : Retarded Potentials, Radiation from a small current element, by a small current

element, Quarterwave Monopole Half wave Dipole - Current Distributions, Evaluation of Field

Components, Power radiated, Radiation resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, Effective Area, Effective

Height related problems.

UNIT II:

ANTENNA ARRAYS: Linear Array, Uniform linear array, 2 element array – different cases; N-Element

Uniform Linear arrays – Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA with increased Directivity, Derivation of their

characteristics and comparison; Concept of Scanning arrays, Binomial arrays, Pattern Multiplication,

Effect of uniform and non uniform amplitude distribution, design relations, Directivity relations, Related

problems.

UNIT III:

PRACTICAL ANTENNAS: Loop antennas – Small loops, Field components, comparison of far field of small

loop and short dipole, concept of short magnetic dipole, D and Rr relations for small loops. Resonant

and Non-Resonant antennas, V antennas, Inverted wave antennas, Travelling wave antenna, Rhombic

antennas – Design relations, Advantages and disadvantages. Helical Antennas- design considerations for

monofilar helical antennas in axial mode and normal modes, Biconical Antennas, Spiral Antennas.

UNIT IV:

VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS : Array with parasitic elements, Yagi-Uda Arrays, folded dipoles

& their characteristics. Log Periodic dipole array, Reflector Antennas : Flat sheet and corner reflectors.

Parabolodial Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of feeds, F/D ratio, Spill over, Back lobes,

Aperture Blocking, Off-set Feeds, Cassegrainian Feeds. Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design

Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns; Waveguide slotted antennas; Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features,

Dielectric lenses and zoning, Applications. Microstrip antennas, Shaped-beam Antennas.

UNIT V:

ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS: Drawbacks in measurements of antenna parameters, Methods to

overcome drawbacks in measurements, Antenna impedance measurements, Radiation Pattern

measurements, measurement of antenna beam-width and gain, Polarization measurements,

Measurement of Radiation Resistance.

UNIT VI:

WAVE PROPAGATION: Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of propagations. FRIIS

Transmission formula, Ground wave propagation – characteristics, parameters, wave tilt, flat and

spherical earth considerations. Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of ionospheric layers and their

characteristics, mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF, Skip Distance. Space

Wave Propagation – Mechanism, LOS and Radio Horizon. Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of

curvature of path, effective Earth’s Radius, effect of Earth’s curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-

curves and Duct Propagation, Tropospheric Scattering.

Text Books

T1. Antennas for all applications – J D Kraus and R J Marhefka, TMH, 3rd Edition

T2. Electromagnetic Waves & Radiating Systems – E C Jordon and K G Balmain PHI 2nd Edition

References

R1. Antenna Theory – C A Balanis, John wiley & sons, 2nd Edition

R2. Antennas & Radio Propagation – R E Collins, McGraw Hill

R3. Antennas & wave Propagation – G S N Raju, IK international Publishers

Name of the Subject : IC Applications Subject Code : UGEC5T04



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

To introduce the basic building blocks of linear, digital integrated circuits and teach the linear and non-

linear applications of operational amplifiers. To introduce the theory and applications of active filters,

PLL, Data conversions and voltage regulators.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the differential amplifier and get basic knowledge about Op-Amp.

CO 2 Analyze linear and Non-linear applications of Op-Amps.

CO 3 Understand the waveform generating circuits and timer circuits.

CO 4 Design and analyze Active filter circuits using Op-Amps

CO 5 Understand the operation of ADCs and DACs

UNIT I:

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER: DC and AC analysis of Dual input Balanced output Configuration, Dual Input

Unbalanced Output, Single Ended Input, Balanced/ Unbalanced Output, DC Coupling and Cascade

Differential Amplifier Stages, Level translator.

UNIT II:

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS: Op-amp symbol, terminals, packages and specifications -

Block diagram Representation of op-amp, Ideal op-amp & practical op-amp, Open loop & closed loop

configurations, DC & AC performance characteristics of op-amp, Frequency compensation, Noise,

Electrical Characteristics and internal schematic of 741 op-amps.

UNIT III:

LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP- AMP: Basic op-amp circuits, Inverting & Non-inverting voltage amplifiers,

Voltage follower, Summing, scaling & averaging amplifiers, AC amplifiers. Instrumentation Amplifiers, V-

to-I and I-to-V converters, Differentiators and Integrators.

UNIT IV:

NON-LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMP: Precision Rectifiers , Wave Shaping Circuits (Clipper and

Clampers) , Multivibrators, Log and Antilog Amplifiers, Analog voltage multiplier circuit and its

applications, Operational Trans-Conductance Amplifier (OTA), Comparators and its applications, Sample

and Hold circuit.

UNIT V:

ACTIVE FILTERS, WAVEFORM GENERATORS AND PLL: Comparison between Passive and Active

Networks-Active Network Design, Filter Approximations-Design of LPF, HPF, BPF and Band Reject Filters,

State Variable Filters, All Pass Filters , Sine-wave Generators, Square / Triangle / Saw tooth Wave

generators. IC 555 Timer, Mono stable operation and its applications, Astable operation and its

applications, PLL, Operation of the Basic PLL, Closed loop analysis of PLL, Voltage Controlled Oscillator,

PLL applications.

UNIT VI:

DATA CONVERSION DEVICES AND VOLTAGE REGULATORS: Digital to Analog Conversion, DAC

Specifications, DAC circuits, Weighted Resistor DAC-R-2R Ladder DAC-Inverted R-2R Ladder DAC

Monolithic DAC Analog to Digital conversion, ADC specifications, ADC circuits, Ramp Type ADC,

Successive Approximation ADC, Dual Slope ADC, Flash Type ADC Monolithic ADC, Voltage Regulators,

Basics of Voltage Regulator, Linear Voltage Regulators using Op-amp, IC Regulators (78xx, 79xx, LM 317,

LM 337, 723), Switching Regulators.

Text Books

T1. Ramakant A.Gayakwad, “Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits”, 4 th Edition, Prentice Hall,

2000.

T2. “Operational Amplifiers and Linear IC's”, David A. Bell, 2nd edition, PHI/Pearson, 2004.

References

R1. Robert F. Coughlin, Frederick F. Driscoll, “Operational-Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits”,

6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.

R2. Sergio Franco, “Design with operational amplifier and analog integrated circuits”, McGraw Hill,

1997

Name of the Subject : Data Structures Subject Code : UGIT5T15

(Elective –I) Year/Semester : III/ I


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

The purpose of this course is to allow to assess how the choice of data structures and algorithm design

methods impacts the performance of programs, to learn the systematic way of solving problems, various

methods of organizing large amounts of data, to solve problems using data structures such as linear lists,

stacks, queues, binary trees, binary search trees, and graphs and writing programs for these solutions.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the implementation of the recursion and analyze the performance of

algorithms.

CO 2 Implement sorting and searching algorithms.

CO 3 Develop and apply the data structures stacks, queues.

CO 4 Understand the concept of linked lists and their applications.

CO 5 Develop algorithms for binary trees and graphs.

UNIT I:

Preliminaries of algorithm, Algorithm analysis and complexity.

Data Structure- Definition, types of data structures

Recursion: Definition, Design Methodology and Implementation of recursive algorithms, Linear and

binary recursion, recursive algorithms for factorial function, GCD computation, Fibonacci sequence,

Towers of Hanoi, Tail recursion

List Searches using Linear Search, Binary Search.

Sorting Techniques: Basic concepts, Sorting by: insertion (Insertion sort), selection (heap sort), exchange

(bubble sort, quick sort), distribution (radix sort) and merging (merge sort) Algorithms.

UNIT II:

STACKS AND QUEUES: Basic Stack Operations, Representation of a Stack using Arrays, Stack

Applications: Reversing list, Factorial Calculation, In-fix- to postfix Transformation, Evaluating Arithmetic

Expressions.

Queues: Basic Queues Operations, Representation of a Queue using array, Implementation of Queue

Operations using Stack, Applications of Queues-Round robin Algorithm, Circular Queues, Priority

Queues.

UNIT III:

LINKED LISTS: Introduction, single linked list, representation of a linked list in memory, Operations on a

single linked list, Reversing a single linked list, applications of single linked list to represent polynomial

expressions and sparse matrix manipulation, Advantages and disadvantages of single linked list, Circular

linked list, Double linked list.

UNIT IV:

TREES: Basic tree concepts, Binary Trees: Properties, Representation of Binary Trees using arrays and

linked lists, operations on a Binary tree , Binary Tree Traversals (recursive), Creation of binary tree from

in-order and pre(post)order traversals.

UNIT V:

ADVANCED CONCEPTS OF TREES: Tree Travels using stack (non recursive), Threaded Binary Trees.

Binary search tree, Basic concepts, BST operations: insertion, deletion, Balanced binary trees – need,

basics and applications in computer science (No operations).

UNIT VI:

GRAPHS: Basic concepts, Representations of Graphs: using Linked list and adjacency matrix, Graph

algorithms Graph Traversals (BFS & DFS), applications: Dijkstra’s shortest path, Transitive closure,

Minimum Spanning Tree using Prim’s Algorithm, warshall’s Algorithm.(Algorithemic Concepts only, no

programs required).

Text Books

T1. Data Structure with C, Seymour Lipschutz, TMH

T2. Data Structures and Program Design in C, 2/e, Robert L. Kruse, Bruce P. Leung, Pearson.

T3. Data Structures using C, Reema Thareja, Oxford

T4. Data Structures, 2/e, Richard F, Gilberg , Forouzan, Cengage

T5. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C, 2nd ed, Mark Allen Weiss, Pearson

References

R1. Data Structures and Algorithms, 2008, G.A.V.Pai, TMH

R2. Classic Data Structures, 2/e, Debasis ,Samanta,PHI,2009

R3. Fundamentals of Data Structure in C, 2/e, Horowitz,Sahni, Anderson Freed,University Prees

Name of the Subject : OOPS Through JAVA Subject Code : UGIT5T16

(Elective –I) Year/Semester : III/ I


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

Understand the concept of OOP as well as the purpose and usage principles of Encapsulation,

inheritance, polymorphism and Develop GUI applications.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand and apply Object oriented approach to design software.

CO 2 Implement programs using classes and objects.

CO 3 Understand the concept of inheritance, polymorphic behavior of objects, study

packages, and know how to handling run time errors.

CO 4 Understand and implement multithreading.

CO 5 Develop Applets for web applications.

CO 6 Design and develop GUI programs.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO OOP: Introduction, Need for OOP, Principles of Object oriented languages,

Procedural languages Vs OOP, Applications of OOP, History of JAVA, JAVA Virtual Machine, JAVA

Features, Program structures, Installation of JDK 1.6.

UNIT II:

PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS: Variables, Primitive Data types, Identifiers – Naming conventions,

Keywords, Literals, operators- Binary, unary and Ternary, Expressions, Precedence rules and

associativity, Primitive type conversion and casting, Flow of control- Branching, Conditional, loops

Classes and Objects –classes, objects, Creating objects, methods, constructors- constructor overloading,

cleaning up unused objects- Garbage collector, Class variable and Methods – Static keyword, this

keyword, Arrays, command line arguments.

UNIT III:

INHERITANCE: Types of inheritance, Deriving classes using extends keyword, Method overloading, super

keyword, final keyword, Abstract class.

Interfaces, Packages and Enumeration: Interface, extending interfaces, Interfaces Vs Abstract classes,

packages- Creating packages, using packages, Access protection, java.lang package.

Exceptions & Assertions: Introduction, Exception handling techniques- try... catch, throw, throws, finally

block, user defined exception, Exception Encapsulation and Enrichment, Assertions.

UNIT IV:

MULTITHREADING: java.lang.Thread, The main Thread, Creation of new thread, Thread priority,

multithreading-using isAlive() and join(), synchronization, suspending and resuming threads,

Communication between threads.

Input/Output: reading and writing data, java.io package.

UNIT V:

APPLETS: Applet class, Applet structure, An Example Applet Program, Applet Life cycle, paint(), update()

and repaint().

Event Handling: Introduction, Event Delegation model, java.awt.event Description, sources of events,

event Listeners, adapter classes, Inner Classes.

UNIT VI:

ABSTRACT WINDOW TOOLKIT: Why AWT?, java.awt package, components and containers, button,

label, Checkbox, Radio buttons, list boxes, Choice boxes, Text fields and text area, container classes,

layouts, Menu, Scroll Bar.

Swing: Introduction, Jframe, JApplet, JPanel, components in swings, Layout Managers, JList and JScroll

Pane, Split Pane, JTabbed Pane, Dialog Box Pluggable Look and Feel.

Text Books

T1. The complete reference, 8/e, Herbert schildt, TMH.

T2. JAVA Programming, K.Rajkumar, Pearson.

T3. Java: How to Program, 8/e, Dietal, Dietal, PHI

T4. JAVA for Beginners, 4e, Joyce Farrell, Ankit R, Bhavsar, Cengage Learning.

T5. Learn Object Oriented Programming using Java, Venkateswarlu, E V Prasad, S. Chand

T6. Introduction to Java programming, 7/e, Y Daniel Liang, Pearson.

References

R1. Object Oriented Programming with Java, Essentials and Applications, Raj Kumar Bhuyya, Selvi,

Chu TMH.

R2. Programming in JAVA, Sachin malhotra, Saurabh choudary, Oxford.

R3. Core JAVA, Black Book, Nageswara Rao, Wiley, Dream Tech.

R4. Core JAVA for Beginners, Rashmi Kanta Das, Vikas.

R5. Object Oriented Programming through Java, P. Radha Krishna, Universities Press.

Name of the Subject : Digital Communications Lab Subject Code : UGEC5P07



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to introduce experimental exposure to the students about the pulse and

digital modulation techniques and experiments on various digital communications coding schemes using

kits.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the pulse and digital modulation techniques commonly used for digital

communication area and their features.

CO 2 Use source coding techniques (such as Huffman coding and companding) in

communication systems by using software CC Studio and TM320XXXX DSP Trainer Kit.

CO 3 Apply channel coding techniques in communication systems.


1. Pulse Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.

2. Pulse Width Modulation and Demodulation.

3. Pulse Position Modulation and Demodulation.

4. Time Division Multiplexing.

5. Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulation.

6. Differential Pulse Code Modulation and De modulation.

7. Delta Modulation and Demodulatio.

8. Frequency Shift Keying Methods.

9. Phase Shift Keying.

10. Differential Phase Shift Keying.

11. Linear Block Code-Encoder and Decoder.

12. Binary Cyclic Code - Encoder and Decoder.

13. Convolution Code - Encoder and Decoder.

14. Companding.

15. Source Encoder and Decoder.

Name of the Subject : DSD & DICA Lab Subject Code : UGEC5P08



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

The students are required to design and draw the internal structure of the following Digital ICs and to

develop VHDL Source code, perform simulation using relevant simulator and analyze the obtained

simulation results using necessary synthesizer. Further it is required to verify the logical operations of

the Digital ICs (Hardware) in the Laboratory.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Synthesize, simulate and implement a digital design in a configurable digital circuit with

computer supported aid tools.

CO 2 Knowledge of the methods for analysis and synthesis of combinational and sequential

circuits.

CO 3 Build the high level programming (HDL programming) skills for digital circuits.

CO 4 Adapt digital circuits to the electronics and telecommunication field.


1. RELAZATION OF LOGIC GATES.

2. 3 to 8 DECODER – 74138.

3. 8 X 1 MULTIPLEXER – 74151 and 2X4 DE-MULTIPLEXER – 74155.

4. 4-BIT COMPARATOR – 7485.

5. D-FLIPFLOP – 7474.

6. DECADE COUNTER – 7490.

7. 4 BIT COUNTER – 7493.

8. SHIFT REGISTERS – 7495.

9. UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTERS – 74194/74195.

10. BARREL SHIFTER.

11. BRAUN MULTIPLIER.

12. RAM (16X4) – 741879 (READ and WRITE OPERATIONS).

13. STACK and QUEUE IMPLEMENTATION USING RAM.

14. ALU DESIGN.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR LABORATORY

1. Xilinx ISE Software.

2. Digital ICs.

3. Personal Computers.

4. Necessary Hardware Kits.

Name of the Subject : IC Applications Lab Subject Code : UGEC5P09



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

To educate students with the knowledge of designing various circuits using opamp and verify the

applications of op amp, Design different timing circuits using IC 555 timer, applications of PLL in industry

for control systems. The importance of VCO in medical applications such as ECG etc.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Verify various applications of operational amplifier like summer, subtractor, integrator,

differentiator etc...

CO 2 Verify the frequency response of various filter circuits.

CO 3 Design of Multi-vibrators using IC 555 Timer.

CO 4 Verify the lock range and capture range of PLL.

CO 5 Use different ICs for line and load regulation.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: (Any 10 Experiments)

1. Measurement of OP AMP parameters- input offset voltage, input offset current, input bias

current.

2. OP AMP Applications

a. Adder

b. Subtractor

c. Comparator

3. Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741.

4. Active Filter Applications

a) LPF and HPF (first order)

b) BPF, Band Reject (Wideband)

c) Notch Filters

5. IC 741 Oscillator Circuits

a. RC Phase Shift Oscillator

b. Wien Bridge Oscillator

c. Quadrature Oscillator

6. Function Generator using OP AMPs.

7. IC 555 Timer

a) Monostable Operation Circuit. b) Astable Operation Circuit. c) Schmitt Trigger Circuit.

8. IC 565 – PLL Applications.

9. IC 566 – VCO Applications.

10. Voltage Regulator using IC 723.

11. Three Terminal Voltage Regulators – 7805, 7809, 7912.

12. 4 bit DAC using OP-AMP.

13. Instrumentation Amplifier using OP-AMP’s.

Experiments using Analog Discovery Kit:

1. OP AMP Applications – Adder, Subtractor, Comparator Circuits.

2. Integrator and Differentiator Circuits using IC 741.

3. Function Generator using OP AMPs.

Name of the Subject : IPR & Patents Subject Code : UGXX5T10



Credits : 2

Course Objectives:

Students are able to understand principles involved in the measurement and control of industrial

processes. In particular, students will be able to learn

1. understand principles involved in Calibration

2. Learn about the Temperature sensors (Thermocouples, RTD's, Thermistors, etc.)

3. Aware of Pneumatic and hydraulic pressure concepts.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the Intellectual Property law, issues related to para legal tasks and cyber

law.

CO 2 Understand the Rights Afforded by Copyright Law.

CO 3 Understand Trade mark and Trade secret law, Registration Process, Rights and

Litigations.

CO 4 Know Patent law, Application Process, Rights and Limitations.

CO 5 Understand Transactional Law, Employment Relationship in the Internet and Tech

Sector.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW : The Evolutionary Past - The IPR Tool Kit- Para Legal

Tasks in Intellectual Property Law – Ethical obligations in Para Legal Tasks - Introduction to Cyber Law –

Cyber crime and E-commerce- Innovations and Inventions Trade related Intellectual Property Right.

UNIT II:

COPYRIGHTS: Principles of Copyright Principles -The subjects Matter of Copy right – The Rights Afforded

by Copyright Law – Copy right Ownership, Transfer and duration – Right to prepare Derivative works –

Rights of Distribution – Rights of Perform the work Publicity Copyright Formalities and Registrations -

Limitations - Copyright disputes and International Copyright Law – Semiconductor Chip Protection Act.

UNIT III:

INTRODUCTION TO TRADE MARK: Trade mark Registration Process – Post registration procedures –

Trade mark maintenance - Transfer of Rights - Inter parts Proceeding – Infringement - Dilution-

Ownership of Trade mark – Likelihood of confusion - Trademarks claims – Trade marks Litigations –

International Trade mark Law

Introduction to Trade Secret – Maintaining Trade Secret – Physical Security –Employee Limitation -

Employee confidentiality agreement - Trade Secret Law - Unfair Competition – Trade Secret Litigation –

Breach of Contract – Applying State Law.

UNIT IV:

INTRODUCTION TO PATENT LAW: Rights and Limitations – Rights under Patent Law –Patent

requirements - Ownership - Transfer - Patents Application Process – Patent Infringement - Patent

Litigation - International Patent Law – Double Patenting – Patent Searching – Patent Law Treaty - New

developments in PatentLaw - Invention Developers and Promoters.

UNIT V:

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSACTIONAL LAW: Creating Wealth and Managing Risk – The Employment

Relationship in the Internet and Tech Sector – Contact for the Internet and Tech Sector - Business Assets

in Information Age – Symbol and Trademark – Trolls and Landmines and other Metaphors.

UNIT VI:

REGULATORY, COMPLIANCE AND LIABILITY ISSUES: State Privacy Law - Date Security – Privacy issues -

Controlling Over use or Misuse of 1 Intellectual Property Rights.

Text Books:

T1. Deborah E.Bouchoux: “Intellectual Property”. Cengage learning , New Delhi

T2. Kompal Bansal & Parishit Bansal “Fundamentals of IPR for Engineers”, BS Publications (Press)

T3. Cyber Law. Texts & Cases, South-Western’s Special Topics Collections

T4. Prabhuddha Ganguli: ‘ Intellectual Property Rights” Tata Mc-Graw –Hill, New Delhi

References

R1. Richard Stim: “Intellectual Property”, Cengage Learning, New Delhi.

R2. R.Radha Krishnan, S.Balasubramanian: “Intellectual Property Rights”, Excel Books. New Delhi

R3. M.Ashok Kumar and Mohd.Iqbal Ali: “Intellectual Property Right” Serials Pub.

Name of the Subject : Economics for Engineers Subject Code : UGMB5A01



Credits : 0

Course Objectives:

To create awareness on application of economic & accounting concepts in the organization for

engineering students. In this regard they have gone through demand analysis, cost concepts, production

functions & fundamentals of Accounting.

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course students gain knowledge on:

Demand analysis.

Cost analysis.

Production functions.

Market structure.

Forms of business.

Capital budgeting.

Financial accounting.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS: Definition, Nature and Scope, Relationship with other

areas in Economics

Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and its exceptions. Elasticity of demand –

Meaning types, significance of Elasticity of Demand, Measurement of price Elasticity of Demand – Need

for Demand forecasting, forecasting techniques.

UNIT II:

PRODUCTION FUNCTION : Isoquants and Isocosts, MRTS, Laws of Variable Proportion, Economies of

Scale, Cobb-Douglas Production Function.

Cost Analysis

Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed Vs. Variable costs, Explicit costs Vs. Implicit costs, Out of pocket

costs vs. Imputed costs. Break-even Analysis (BEA)- determination of Break-Even Point (simple

Problems).

UNIT III:

MARKET STRUCTURE AND PRICING PRACTICES: Features and Types of different Markets- Price- Output

determination in Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly both in the

long run and short run - Meaning, Methods of pricing.

UNIT IV:

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: Characteristics of different economic systems – Business cycles & Theories of

Business Cycle

UNIT V:

TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION: Features and evaluation of Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint

Stock Company, Public Enterprises and their types.

UNIT VI:

INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: Double-Entry Book Keeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial

Balance- Final Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple

adjustments).

Text Books

T1. Varshney, R.L and Maheswari, K L: ‘’Managerial Economics”, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi,

2002.

T2. P L Mehata, Managerial Economics, Sultan Publications

References

R1. Dr. Arya Sri – Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis, TMH 2011

R2. Siddiqui S A,Siddiqui A S: “Managerial Economics”, and Financial Analysis”, New Age

International Publishers, New Delhi, 2008.

R3. R K Sharma shashi k Gupta: Management accounting

Name of the Subject : Microprocessors and Interfacing Subject Code : UGEC6T01

Year/Semester : III/ II


Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to develop background knowledge as well as core expertise in

microprocessor which includes study the basic concepts, architecture and programming of 8086, 80286

and 80386

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Familiarize with the microprocessor’s architecture and its programming.

CO 2 Understand the operation of various peripheral chips and their interface to 8086

microprocessor to build complete system.

CO 3 Know about hardware and software interrupts of 8086.

CO 4 Understand the concepts, features and architecture of advanced processors 80286 and

80386.

UNIT-I:

INTRODUCTION TO 8086 MICROPROCESSOR: Overview of microcomputer structure and operation,

Microprocessor evolution and types, over view of 8085, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor. Special

functions of General purpose registers. 8086 flag register and function of 8086 Flags. Addressing modes

of 8086. Instruction formats, Instruction set of 8086. Assembler directives.

UNIT-II:

PROGRAMMING WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR: Procedures & macros, Assembly language programs

involving logical, Branch & Call instructions, sorting, evaluation of arithmetic expressions, string

manipulation. Pin diagram of 8086-Minimum mode and maximum mode of operation. Timing diagram.

UNIT-III:

INTERFACING WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR: Memory interfacing to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM).

Need for DMA. DMA data transfer Method. Interfacing with 8257. 8255 PPI – various modes of

operation and interfacing to 8086. Interfacing Keyboard, Displays 8279, Stepper Motor. D/A and A/D

converter interfacing.

UNIT-IV:

INTERRUPTS OF 8086 MICROPROCESSOR: Interrupt structure of 8086. Interrupt vector table. Interrupt

service routines. 8259 PIC Architecture and interfacing cascading of interrupt controller and its

importance.

UNIT-V:

SERIAL DATA COMMUNICATION WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR: Serial data transfer schemes.

Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer schemes. 8251 USART architecture and interfacing. TTL to

RS 232C and RS 232C to TTL conversion. Sample programs of serial data transfer. Introduction to High-

speed serial communication standards, USB.

UNIT-VI:

INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS: Advanced Microprocessors -Introduction to

80286, Salient Features of 80386, Real and Protected Mode, Segmentation & Paging, Salient Features of

Pentium, Branch Prediction, and Overview of RISC Processors.

Text Books

T1. Micro Processors & Interfacing – Douglas V. Hall TMH, 2007.

T2. Advanced microprocessor and Peripherals - A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, TMH, 2000.

References

R1. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - By Liu and

GA Gibson, PHI, 2ndEd

Name of the Subject : Digital Signal Processing Subject Code : UGEC6T02



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

To provide insight of digital signal processing techniques. To introduce different digital filtering

techniques

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the characteristics of Linear Time Invariant Systems.

CO 2 Analyze different transformation techniques like DFT.

CO 3 Design various kinds of digital filters.

CO 4 Use multi rate signal processing techniques and know the architecture of DSP Processor.

Unit-I:

INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, Discrete time signals & sequences, linear shift

invariant systems, Stability and Causality of LTI Systems, Linear constant coefficient difference

equations, Frequency domain representation of discrete time signals & systems, Frequency domain

representation of discrete time signals & systems.

Unit-II:

DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Introduction of DFS,DTFT,DFT, Properties of DFT, Linear convolution

of sequences, Computation of DFT, Introduction to FFT, Radix-2 decimation in time FFT Algorithm,

Decimation in frequency FFT Algorithm, Inverse FFT, FFT with General Radix.

Unit-III:

REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Review of Z-Transforms, LCCDE using Z-Transforms, Block Diagram

representation of LCCDE, Realization of digital filters, Basic structure of IIR Systems Direct, canonic,

cascade and parallel forms, Basic structure of FIR Systems Direct, canonic, cascade and parallel forms,

Transposed Forms.

Unit-IV:

IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations, Butter worth filters, Chebyshev filters, Design of IIR

Digital filters from analog filters, Bilinear transformation method and problems, Step invariance

techniques and problems, impulse invariance techniques and problems, Spectral transformations and

problems.

Unit-V:

FIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, Design of FIR Digital Filters using Window

Techniques, Design of FIR Digital Filters using Window Techniques, Frequency Sampling technique,

Frequency Sampling technique, and Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.

Unit-VI:

MULTI RATE SIGNAL PROCESSING AND BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF DSP PROCESSORS: Introduction to

Multi rate DSP, Decimation, Interpolation, sampling rate conversion, Implementation of sampling rate

conversion, perfect reconstruction, properties. Introduction to programmable DSPS, multiplier and

multiplier Accumulator (MAC) modified bus structure and memory access schemes in DSPS multiple

access memory, multiport memory, pipelining, special addressing modes on chip peripherals,

architecture of TMS 320C5X.

Text Books

T1. Digital Signal Processing : Principals, Algorithms and Applications- John G. Proakis, and Dimitris

G.Manolakis, Pearson Edn.,,PHI, 2007.

T2. Digital Signal Processing –Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schaffer PHI Ed 2006

References

R1. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI.

R2. A computer based approch for DSP – Sanjith K Mitra, TMH

Name of the Subject : Microwave Engineering Subject Code : UGEC6T03



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the student will understand fundamental electrical

characteristics of waveguides and transmission lines through electromagnetic field analysis. In this

course understand the basic properties of Polarization and Ferrite materials composition in the case of

waveguide components, multiport junction concept for splitting the microwave energy in a desired

direction. Design and integration of the major microwave components like oscillator, modulator, power

amplifier, filter, and mixer in building a Microwave test bench setup for measurements.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand the EM wave propagation in parallel plane structures, rectangular

waveguides and cavities

CO 2 Analyze the methods to determine circuit properties of passive or active microwave

devices.

CO 3 Understand about Microwave devices such as Amplifiers, Oscillators etc.

CO 4 Analyze and measure various microwave parameters using a Microwave test bench.

UNIT I:

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands, Applications of

Microwaves

Guided Waves : Waves Between Parallel Planes, Transverse Electric Waves, Transverse Magnetic Waves,

Characteristics of TE And TM Waves, Transverse Electromagnetic Waves, Velocities of Propagation,

Attenuation in Parallel Plane Guides.

Rectangular waveguides: Solutions of Wave equations in Rectangular coordinates, TM and TE Mode

analysis, Impossibility of TEM Waves in Hollow Waveguides, Dominant and Degenerate Modes,

Sketches of TM and TE mode fields in the cross section, Mode Characteristics - Phase and Group

Velocities, Wave lengths and Impedance Relations; Power Transmission and power losses in rectangular

Guide. Rectangular Cavity Resonators- Introduction, Dominant Modes and Resonant Frequencies, Q

Factor and coupling Coefficients.

UNIT II:

WAVE GUIDE COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS: Coupling Mechanisms – Probes, Loop, Aperture

types. Waveguide Discontinuities – waveguide irises, tuning screws, and posts, matched loads.

Waveguide Attenuators - Resistive Card, Rotary Vane types; Waveguide Phase Shifters- Dielectric, rotary

vane types. Waveguide multiport junctions- E plane Tee, H plane Tee and Magic Tee, Hybrid Ring;

Directional Couplers-2 Hole, Bethe Hole types; Ferrites – Composition and Characteristics, Faraday

Rotation; Ferrite Components- Gyrator, Isolator, Circulator. S Matrix Calculations for – 2 port junction,

E plane and H Plane Tees, Magic Tee, Directional Coupler, Circulator and Isolator. Related Problems.

UNIT III:

MICROWAVE LINEAR BEAM TUBES (O-Type)|: Microwave Tubes- O type and M type, Limitations of

Conventional Tubes at Microwave Frequencies, O type tubes – Two cavity Klystrons - Velocity

Modulation Process and Applegate diagram, Bunching Process, Output Power and Beam Loading. Reflex

Klystron – Velocity Modulation, Power Output and Efficiency. Helix Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers –

Slow-wave Structures, Amplification Process, Convection Current, Axial Electric Field, Nature of four

propagation constants.

UNIT IV:

MICROWAVE CROSSED FIELD TUBES (M Type): Introduction, Classification, Magnetron Oscillators –

Types, Cylindrical Magnetron, Hull cutoff Magnetic equation, Hull cutoff Voltage equation, Cyclotron

angular frequency, Power output and Efficiency.

UNIT V:

MICROWAVE SOLID STATE DEVICES: Introduction, Classification, Applications. TEDs – Introduction,

Gunn Diode – Principle, RWH Theory, Characteristics, Basic Modes of Operation, Oscillation Modes.

Avalanche Transit Time Devices – Introduction, IMPATT and TRAPATT Diodes – Principle of Operation

and Characteristics.

UNIT VI:

MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS: Description of Microwave Bench – Different blocks and their features,

Precautions; Microwave Power Measurement – Bolometer Method. Measurement of Impedance,

Attenuation, Frequency, VSWR, Cavity Q.

Text Books

T1. Foundation for Microwave Engineering – R E Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2nd Edition

T2. Microwave Devices and Circuits – S Y LIAO, PHI, 3rd Edition

References

R1. Microwave Engineering – Annapurna Das and Sisir K Das Tata McGraw –Hill Publishers, New

Delhi.

R2. Microwave Engineering G.S.N.Raju, IK International Publications.

Name of the Subject : Management Science Subject Code : UGMB6T02



Credits : 3

Course Objective:

To enlighten the technical students with functional management related issues like Principles of

Management, Operations Management, HRM, MM, Project Management techniques.

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course students gain knowledge on:

Principles of Management.

Concepts of Operations management.

Issues related to HRM.

Concepts of Marketing.

Project management techniques.

Strategy formulation & implementation.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT: Concept and importance of Management, Functions of

management, Evaluation of Management thought, Fayol’s principles of Management, Maslow’s need

hierarchy & Herzberg’s two factor theory of Motivation, Decision making process, Designing

organizational structure, Principles of Organization, Types of organization structures.

UNIT II:

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: Principles and types of plant Layout , Work study, Statistical Quality

control Charts – R Chart, c chart, p chart, Simple problems on R, c and p charts, Materials Management:

Objectives - Need for inventory control- Inventory control techniques EOQ , ABC , HML, SDE, VED and

FSN analysis.

UNIT III:

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (HRM): Concepts of HRM,HRD & Personnel management and

industrial relations, Basic functions of HR manager ,Wage payment plans (simple problems), Job

Evaluation and Merit Rating.

UNIT IV:

MARKETING MANAGEMENT: Functions of marketing , Marketing Mix, Marketing strategies based on

Product life cycle, Channels of distribution.

UNIT V:

PROJECT MANAGEMENT (PERT/CPM): Network analysis, Programme Evaluation and Review Technique

(PERT), Critical path method(CPM) - Identifying critical path, Difference between PERT & CPM, Project

Crashing (simple problems).

UNIT VI:

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: Mission, Goals, objectives, policy, strategy, Elements of corporate planning

process, Environmental scanning, SWOT analysis Steps in strategy formulation and implementation

Generic strategy alternatives.

Text Books

T1. Dr. Arya Sri – Management Science, TMH 2011

T2. Principles & Practices of Management-L.M.PRASAD

T3. Production and Operations Management- K.ASWATHAPPA and K.SRIDHARA BHAT

References

R1. Marketing Management- PHILIP KOTLER

R2. HRM & IR- P.SUBBA RAO

R3. Business Policy & Strategic Management- FRANCIS CHERUNILAM

Name of the Subject : Cellular & Mobile Communications Subject Code : UGEC6T05

(ELECTIVE - II) Year/Semester : III/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students about the cellular mobile systems and they learn

about the mobile radio environment and operation of cellular system. The students should learn about

the interference and frequency management and about the channel assignment which is to be used in

the real world problems. The students are able to know about how to make a cell splitting and how

much amount of hand off takes place and learn about the operation of digital cellular networks.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Understand basic principles and elements of Cellular Radio System.

CO 2 Estimate Carrier to Interference ratio of Cellular Radio System under different fading

scenarios.

CO 3 Analyze the performance of different mobile antennas.

CO 4 Get familiarity with channel assignment, Hand-off strategies and digital Cellular Systems.

UNIT I:

INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEMS: A basic cellular system, performance criteria,

uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal shaped cells,

Consideration of the components of cellular systems, Analog and digital cellular systems, General

Description of Cellular Radio System design problem and concept of frequency reuse channels.

UNIT II:

CHANNEL INTERFERENCE AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT: (A) Interference: Introduction to Co-Channel

Interference, Real-Time Co-channel Interference, Co-channel interference reduction factor, Desired C/I

from a normal case in a Omni Directional Antenna System, Non Co-Channel Interference-different types.

(B) Frequency Management and Channel Assignment: Frequency Management, Set-up channels and

Paging Channels, Channel assignment to the cell sites and mobile units, Channel sharing and borrowing,

Sectorization and Overlaid Cells, Non-fixed channel assignment.

UNIT III:

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS: Design of Antenna System, Antenna Parameters and their Effects,

Equivalent Circuits of Antennas, Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis, For Coverage use –

Omni directional Antennas, For interference reduction use – Directional antennas, Space diversity

antennas and Umbrella pattern antennas, Unique Situations of Cell-site antennas, Mobile Antennas

UNIT IV:

CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC: Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, Effect of Human

made Structures, Phase difference between direct and reflected paths, Constant standard deviation and

straight line path loss slope, General formula for mobile radio propagation over water or Flat open area,

Near and long distance propagation Antenna height gain, Form of a Point-to-point Model.

UNIT V:

HANDOFFS AND CELL SPLITTING: Types of Handoffs, Initiation of Hand off, Delayed Handoff and Forced

Handoffs, Mobile Assigned Handoff, Inter-system Handoff, Cell splitting, micro cells, Vehicle locating

methods, Dropped Call Rates and their evaluation.

UNIT VI:

DIGITAL CELLULAR NETWORKS: GSM: Introduction to GSM, GSM Architecture, GSM Channel Types and

Frame Structure of GSM.

OFDM: Introduction to OFDM, Multicarrier Modulation and Cyclic Prefix, Channel model and SNR

performance.

Text Books

T1. C. Y. Lee and William, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunications”, 2nd Ed, Tata McGraw Hill. 2006.

T2. Theodore S Rappaport, “Wireless Communication Principles and Practice”, 2nd Ed, Pearson

Education. 2002.

References

R1. Gordon L. Stuber, “Principles of Mobile Communications”, Springer International, 2nd Edition,

2007.

R2. Wireless Communication Technology – R. Blake, Thompson Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2004

Name of the Subject : Information Theory and Coding Subject Code : UGEC6T06

(ELECTIVE - II) Year/Semester : III/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to introduce the students about the fundamentals concepts of Information

Theory and to learn error control coding which encompasses techniques for the encoding and decoding

of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels.

At the end of the course, the students are expected to know about the information and coding

techniques.

.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Get familiarity with the concepts of Information theory.

CO 2 Analyze and apply different source coding techniques.

CO 3 Apply source coding for text, audio, speech and image.

CO 4 Analyze and apply different Channel coding techniques.

UNIT I:

INFORMATION THEORY: Discrete messages, concept of amount of information and its properties,

Average information, Entropy and its properties, Information rate, Mutual information and its

properties.

UNIT II:

SOURCE CODING: Introductions, Advantages, Shannon’s theorem, Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman

coding, efficiency calculations, channel capacity of discrete and analog Channels, capacity of a Gaussian

channel, bandwidth –S/N trade off.

UNIT III:

SOURCE CODING FOR TEXT, AUDIO, SPEECH AND IMAGE: Text: Adaptive Huffman Coding, Arithmetic

Coding, LZW algorithm Audio: Perceptual coding, Masking techniques, Psychoacoustic model, MEG

Audio layers I,II,III, Dolby AC3 Speech: Channel Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding Image: Image formats,

Image compression: READ, JPEG.

UNIT IV:

LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction to channel coding, introduction to linear block codes, Matrix

description of Linear Block codes, Error detection and error correction capabilities of linear block codes.

UNIT V:

BINARY CYCLIC CODES: Polynomial Representation of Codewords, Generator Polynomial, Systematic

Codes, Generator Matrix, Syndrome Calculation and Error Detection, Decoding of Cyclic Codes.

UNIT VI:

CONVOLUTION CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolution codes, Graphical approach: state, tree

and trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

Text Books:

T1. Digital Communications by Simon Haykin, John Wiley & Sons

T2. Communication Systems, 3/e, by A.B. Carlson, Mc. Graw Hill Publishers

References:

R1. R Bose, “Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography”, TMH 2007

R2. Coding by J Das, S.K. Mullick, P.K.Chatterjee, New Age Int. Ltd.

R3. Principles of Communication Systems, Taub &Schilling, 2/e, TMH Publishers

Name of the Subject : Microwave & Optical Communication Lab Subject Code : UGEC6P09



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

The students are required to design and measure characteristics of microwave devices and find the

scattering matrix of microwave components, Optical fiber Characteristics and antenna measurements.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Analyze, test and evaluate the measurement data for various microwave circuits.

CO 2 Verify the characteristics of isolators, directional couplers, circulators, and magic tees

CO 3 Measure the effects of impedance mismatches on power transmission and the use of

tuners for impedance matching.

CO 4 Establish a simple optical communication link.

CO 5 Determine the cable losses of optical fibres.

CO 6 Plot radiation patterns of different antennas

List of Experiments (Any 10 Experiments)

Part - A

1. Mode characteristics of Reflex Klystron.

2. Gunn oscillator characteristics and power measurement.

3. Attenuation Measurement.

4. Directional coupler Characteristics.

5. Measurement of VSWR & impedance.

6. Scattering parameters of circulators & Magic Tee Junction.

Part -B

7. Antenna Demonstration.

8. Measurement of radiation pattern and gain of an antenna.

9. Experiments through Vector Network Analyzer.

Part – C

10. Study of Optical Sources, Detectors and Fiber Characteristics (LED / LASER).

11. Measurement of Numerical Aperture.

12. Integrated Voice and Data Optical Communication System.

Name of the Subject : Digital Signal Processing Lab Subject Code : UGEC6P10



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

To verify various DSP algorithms using MATLAB. To implement the DSP algorithms on a DSP processor

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Use MATLAB simulation tool for verifying DSP algorithms.

CO 2 Implement DSP algorithms on a DSP processor.

List of Experiments (Any 10 Experiments)

PART-A: MATLAB SIMULATIONS

Experiment-1: Discrete Time Signal & Systems

To provide an overview of discrete time signals and systems on MATLAB.

To analyze various properties of discrete signals and verify them on MATLAB.

Experiment-2: Convolution

To perform linear convolution of two signals on MATLAB.

Perform circular convolution of two signals on MATLAB.

Experiment-3: Discrete Fourier Transform

To form a routine of discrete Fourier transform on MATLAB and find discrete Fourier transform

of various signals on MATLAB.

To determine the FFT of a 1-D signal on MATLAB.

Experiment-4: Z – Transform

To analyze unilateral and bilateral z transforms of various signals.

Experiment-5: Analog Filter Design

To design and simulate chebychev and Butterworth filters and analyze their responses on

MATLAB.

Experiment-6: Digital Filter Design

To design and simulate Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters and Finite Impulse Response (FIR)

filters and analyzes their responses on MATLAB.

Experiment-7: Interpolator and Decimator Design

To design and simulate an Interpolator and Decimator on MATLAB.

PART-B: PROGRAMMING ON DSP PROCESSOR

Experiment-8: TMS320C6713 Architecture

To study the architecture of TMS320C6713 DSP processor.

Experiment-9: Convolution

To perform linear convolution of two signals using Code Composer Studio (CCS).

To perform circular convolution of two signals on CCS.

Experiment-10: Fast Fourier Transform

To determine the FFT of a 1-D signal on CCS.

Experiment-11: Digital Filter Design

To design Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters and

analyzes their responses in real time.

Experiment-12: Power Spectral Density

To obtain the Power Spectral Density of a periodic signal in real time.

Name of the Subject : Microprocessors & Interfacing Lab Subject Code : UGEC6P11



Credits : 1

Course Objectives:

To develop assembly language program skills and providing the basic knowledge of interfacing various

peripherals to 8086 microprocessor.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1 Develop the assembly language Programmers’ for 8086 Microprocessor

CO 2 Use the cross compiler such as TASM to verify and simulate the 8086 codes

CO 3 Interfacing of various peripheral chips to 8086 microprocessor.

CO 4 Develop programs using DOS/BIOS commands

PART-I: MICROPROCESSOR 8086

1. Introduction to MASM/TASM.

2. Arithmetic operations-Multi byte addition and subtraction ,multiplication and division –signed

and unsigned operations ASCII-Arithmetic.

3. Logic operations –shift and rotate –converting packed BCD to Unpacked BCD,BCD to ASCII

conversion.

4. By using string operations and instruction prefix: Move, Block, Reverse string, Sorting, Inserting,

Deleting, Length of the string and string comparison.

5. DOS/BIOS Programming: Reading keyboard-display character, String.

PART-II: INTERFACING WITH MICROPROCESSOR 8086

1. 8259-Interrupt Controller –Generate interrupt using 8259 timer.

2. 8279-Keyboard Display-write a ALP to display a string of character.

3. 8255-PPI-write ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.

4. 8251 USART Write ALP to establish communication between two processors.

Name of the Subject : Energy Studies Subject Code : UGEE6A11



Credits : 0

Course Objectives:

To understand the concept of energy scenario on solar radiation data, extra terrestrial radiation

and radiation on earth’s surface.

To study solar thermal collections and solar photo voltaic systems.

To learn maximum power point techniques in solar PV and wind.

To understand wind energy conversion systems, Betz coefficient , tip speed ratio.

To study basic principle and working of hydro, tidal, biomass, fuel cell and geothermal systems.

Course Outcomes:

Student should be able to

CO 1 Analyze solar radiation data, extra terrestrial radiation and radiation on earth’s surface.

CO 2 Describe solar thermal collections.

CO 3 Describe solar photo voltaic systems.

CO 4 Develop maximum power point techniques in solar PV and wind.

CO 5 Explain wind energy conversion systems, Betz coefficient, tip speed ratio.

CO 6 Explain basic principle and working of hydro, tidal, biomass, fuel cell and geothermal

systems.

UNIT–I:

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY SYSTEMS: Energy conservation principle – Energy scenario (world and

India) – Solar radiation: Outside earth’s atmosphere – Earth surface – Analysis of solar radiation data –

Geometry – Radiation on tilted surfaces – Numerical problems.

UNIT–II:

SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS: Liquid flat plate Collections: Performance analysis – Transmissivity –

absorptivity product Collector Efficiency Factor – Collector Heat Removal Factor – Numerical problems.

Introduction to solar air heaters – Concentrating collectors and solar pond.

UNIT–III:

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: Balance of systems – IV characteristics – System design: storage sizing

– PV system sizing – Maximum power point tracking techniques: Perturb and observe (P&O) technique –

Hill climbing technique.

UNIT–IV:

WIND ENERGY : Wind patterns – Types of turbines – Kinetic energy of wind – Betz coefficient – Tip–

speed ratio – Efficiency – Power output of wind turbine – Selection of generator(synchronous, induction)

– Maximum power point tracking.

UNIT–V:

HYDRO AND TIDAL POWER SYSTEMS: Basic working principle of small and micro hydro turbines –

measurement of head and flow – Energy equation-Tidal power – Basics – Kinetic energy equation –

Numerical problems – Wave power – Basics – Kinetic energy equation.

UNIT–VI:

BIOMASS, FUEL CELLS AND GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS: Biomass Energy: Fuel classification – Pyrolysis –

Direct combustion of heat – Different digesters and sizing.

Fuel cell: Classification – Efficiency – VI characteristics.

Geothermal: Classification – Dry rock and acquifer – Energy analysis.

Text Books:

T1. Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, S. P. Sukhatme and J. K. Nayak, TMH,

New Delhi, 3rd Edition.

T2. Renewable Energy Resources, John Twidell and Tony Weir, Taylor and Francis -second edition,

2013.

T3. Energy Science: Principles, Technologies and Impacts, John Andrews and Nick Jelly, Oxford.

References

R1. Renewable Energy- Edited by Godfrey Boyle-oxford university.press,3rd edition,2013.

R2. Handbook of renewable technology Ahmed and Zobaa, Ramesh C Bansal, World scientific,

Singapore.

R3. Renewable Energy Technologies /Ramesh & Kumar /Narosa.

R4. Renewable energy technologies – A practical guide for beginners – Chetong Singh Solanki, PHI.

R5. Non conventional energy source –B.H.khan- TMH-2nd edition.

Name of the Subject: VLSI Design Subject Code : UGEC7T01

Year / Semester : IV/ I


Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

The course intends to provide an overview of the principles, operation and application of the analog

building block MOSFET for performing various functions. Introduce the technology, design concepts,

electrical properties and modeling of Very Large Scale Integrated circuits. To understand the basics of

MOS Circuit Design and modeling and the basics of Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Design

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Know fabrication process of IC technologies and Basic Electrical Properties of MOS & BICMOS

Circuits.

CO 2. Draw stick and layout models of CMOS circuits using design rules.

CO 3. Design CMOS & other complex logic gates and can estimate basic circuit parameters.

CO 4. Design subsystems and programmable logic devices and get an idea of large scale integrated

circuits.

UNIT-I REVIEW OF MICROELECTRONICS AND INTRODUCTION TO MOS TECHNOLOGY

Basic MOS transistors, enhancement and depletion modes of transistor action, MOS and related VLSI

technology, NMOS, CMOS, BICMOS, GaAs Technologies, IC production process, Comparison between

CMOS and Bipolar technologies.

UNIT-II BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MOS AND BICMOS CIRCUITS

IDS versus VDS Relationship, aspects of MOS transistor threshold voltage, MOS trans conductance and

output conductance , MOS transistor figure of merit, pass transistor, MOS inverter ,determination of

pull–up to pull- down ratio for nMOS inverter driven by another nMOS inverter and for an nMOS

inverter driven through one or more pass transistors, alternative forms of pull –up, the CMOS inverter,

MOS transistor circuit model, Bi-CMOS inverter ,latch –up in CMOS circuits and Bi-CMOS latch up

susceptibility.

UNIT-III MOS AND CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESS

MOS layers, stick diagrams, design rules, Lambda based design rules, 2µ.meter, 1. 2µ.meter design

rules, double metal double poly CMOS rules, Layout diagrams, VLSI design flow.

UNIT-IV BASIC CIRCUIT CONCEPTS

Sheet Resistance, Sheet Resistance concepts applied to MOS transistors and inverters, Area

capacitance of layers, standard unit of capacitance some area capacitance calculations, delay unit,

inverter delays ,driving large capacitive loads, wiring capacitances, choice of layers.

UNIT-V SCALING OF MOS CIRCUITS

Scaling models, Scaling function for device parameters, Limitation of Scaling, Introduction to switch

logic and gate logic, other forms of CMOS logic.

UNIT-VI SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DESIGN

Introduction to Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), implementation approaches in VLSI design full

custom design, semi custom design gate arrays, standard cells, Complex Programmable Logic Devices

(CPLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), simulation and synthesis.

Text Books

T1. Essential of VLSI Circuits and systems –Kamran Eshraghian, Douglas A.Pucknell, Sholeh

Eshraghian, Prentice-Hall of India private limited, 2005 edition.

T2. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design, Neil H.Weste Jhon Wiely, 2006 Edition.

References

R1. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and systems, Jhon P. Uyemura Jhon Wiely, 2005 Edition.

R2. Modern VLSI Design, Wayne Wolf, PHI, Fourth Edition.

Name of the Subject: Telecom and Computer Networks Subject Code : UGEC7T02



Credits : 3

Course objectives:

To cover the networking concepts and components and introduces various models. The course is a

highly efficient way of gaining networking awareness, understanding of the protocols and

communication techniques used by networks and vocabulary. To learn about Network hardware,

connecting hosts, Peer to Peer Networks, Client/Server Model.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the basic concepts of Data communication with different models.

CO 2. Enumerate the OSI/ISO layers.

CO 3. Understand about Telecom Networks and Signaling concepts.

CO 4. Know about ISDN and digital networks.

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION

Uses of computer networks, OSI, TCP/IP and other reference models, Arpanet, Internet, Network

Topologies, WAN, LAN, MAN, Protocols and Standards.

UNIT-II PHYSICAL LAYER and DATA LINK LAYER

Physical Layer: Classification of Transmission media, Guided media: Twisted pair cable, Coaxial Cable,

Fiber Optic cable, Unguided Media: wireless communications, Switching, Digital Transmission

Data Link Layer: Design issues, Checksum, CRC, framing, Stop and Wait protocol, Stop- and-Wait

ARQ, Go-Back-N, Selective Repeat ARQ ,piggybacking, Data link layer in HDLC. Medium Access sub layer:

Random Access: ALOHA, Carrier sense multiple access. Controlled Access: Reservation, Polling, Token

Passing, Wired LANS.

UNIT-III NETWORK LAYER-DESIGN AND ROUTING

Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing algorithm shortest path routing, Flooding, Hierarchical

routing, Broad cast, Multi cast, distance vector routing. Network Layer-Congestion control, Rotary for

mobility, Congestion Control Algorithms, General Principals of Congestion Control, Congestion

Prevention Policies the Network layer in the Internet and in the ATM Network.

UNIT-IV TRANSPORT LAYER

Transport Services, Connection Management, TCP and UDP protocols.

Application Layer - Network Security, Domain Name System, Electronic Mail; The Worldwide Web,

Basics of Multi Media.

UNIT V TELEPHONE NETWORKS AND SIGNALING TECHNIQUES

Subscriber loop system, switching hierarchy and routing, transmission plan, numbering plan, charging

plan In-Channel signaling, common channel signaling, network traffic load parameters, grade of service

and blocking probability.

UNIT-VI INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORKS

Introduction, ISDN architecture, ISDN interfaces, Functional Grouping, Reference Points, protocol

architecture, signaling, numbering, addressing, BISDN.

DSL Technology: ADSL, Cable Modem, Traditional Cable Networks, HFC Networks, CM & CMTS and

DOCSIS.

Text Books

T1. Computer Networks---- Andrew S TANENBAUM, 4th Edition. Pearson Education/PHI.

T2. Telecommunication switching system and netwoks – Thyagarajan Viswanath, PHI, 2000

References

R1. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks-S.Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education.

R2. Understanding Communications and Networks, 3rd Edition,,W.A. Shay,Thomson

R3. Data Communications and Networking----- Behrouz A. Forouzan. Third Edition TMH.

Name of the Subject: Microcontrollers & Applications Subject Code : UGEC7T03



Credits : 4

Course objectives:

The objective of this course is to develop background knowledge as well as core expertise in

microcontroller which includes study the concepts and basic architecture and programming of 8051,

PIC microcontroller and ARM processors

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand and apply knowledge of the microcontroller’s architecture (8051, PIC & ARM) and

programs to solve basic binary mathematical operations.

CO 2. Understand the operation of various peripheral components and their program development for

8051, PIC & ARM.

CO 3. Understand and interface various I/O devices such as LED, ADC, motors etc.

CO 4. Design and develop simple systems using microcontrollers.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS

Microcontrollers & Microprocessors, 8 bit & 16 bit Microcontrollers, CISC & RISC Processors, Harvard

& Von-Neumann architectures, 8051 architecture and register set, pin description, parallel I/O ports,

Memory organization.

UNIT II PROGRAMMING OF 8051

Addressing modes, Instruction set, sample programs, interrupts, timers & counters, serial

communication, introduction to embedded C, simple programs, development tools.

UNIT III INTERFACING

LEDs & switches interfacing, keypad interfacing, Seven Segment Display interfacing, ADC & DAC

interfacing, 2X16 LCD interfacing, stepper motor interfacing, serial port interfacing, high power devices,

simple calculator development.

UNIT IV PIC MICROCONTROLLERS

Overview and features, architecture of PIC 16C6X/7X, PIC memory organization, PIC 16C6X/7X

instructions, addressing modes, I/O ports, Interrupts in PIC 16C61/71, PIC 16C61/71 timers.

UNIT V PIC 16F8XX FLASH MICROCONTROLLERS

Pin diagram of 16F8XX, status register, OPTION_REG register, PIC 16F8XX program memory and data

memory, DATA EEPROM and Flash Program EEPROM, Interrupts in 16F877, I/O Ports, Timers.

UNIT VI: ARM 32-BIT MICROCONTROLLER

Introduction to 16/32 bit processors, ARM architecture and organization, ARM/ Thumb

programming model, addressing modes, ARM / Thumb instruction set, Development tools.

Text Books

T1. Kenneth J. Ayala, “The 8051 Microcontroller: Architecture, Programming, and Applications”

West Publishing

T2. Muhammad Ali Mazdi, “8051 Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems”, Pearson Education.

References

R1. Krishna kant, “Microprocessors and Microcontrollers". PHI publications, 2010.

R2. Raj Kamal, “Microcontrollers – Architecture, Programming, Interfacing & System Design”

Pearson Eduaction.

R3. AJAY V Deshmukh,” Microcontroller" TATA McGraw Hill publications 2012.

Name of the Subject: Digital Image Processing Subject Code : UGEC7T04



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

To get knowledge of different types of image processing techniques

To apply image processing for different real time applications

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the fundamental steps in image processing.

CO 2. Apply image processing techniques for enhancement, restoration and compression of an image.

CO 3. Perform segmentation and morphological processing on an image.

CO 4. Analyze various color image processing techniques.

Unit I INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in image processing systems, Image

acquisition, Sampling and quantization, Basic relationship between pixels, Mathematical tools used in

image processing, Camera model of Image, Need for image transform and spatial frequencies in image

processing, 2-D DFT, DCT, DST transforms

UNIT II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

Some basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram processing, Fundamentals of spatial

filtering –smoothing spatial filters and sharpening spatial filters, Combining spatial enhancement

methods, Transformation and spatial filtering, Image smoothing using frequency domain filters Selective

filtering and implementation

UNIT-III IMAGE RESTORATION & RE-CONSTRUCTION

Image degradation/restoration model, Noise models, Restoration in the presence of noise, linear

Position invariant degradation, Estimation of degradation function and inverse filtering, Wiener filtering,

Constrain least square filtering.

UNIT IV COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING

Color fundamentals, Color models, Pseudo color Image Processing, Basics of full color image

processing, Color transformations, Smoothing and sharpening.

UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION AND WATER MARKING

Lossless Compression: Variable length coding, Dictionary-based coding, LZW compression, Lossy

Compression, Image Compression standards, JPEG, JPEG 2000, Digital Water Marking, Frequency

Domain Water Marking, Security Attacks.

UNIT VI SEGMENTATION & MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING

Erosion and Dilation, Opening and closing, Hit or miss transformation, some basic Morphological

algorithms, Gray-Scale Morphology, Point , line and edge detection, Thresholding, Region oriented

segmentation, Segmentation using morphological watersheds, Use of motion in segmentation.

Text Books

T1. Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods,” Digital Image Processing” Pearson Education, 2011.

T2. Anil K jain, “fundementals of Digital Image Processing”. Prentice Hall of India, 2012(print).

References

R1. S.Jayaraman,S,Esakkirajan,T.Veerakumar” Digital Image Processing” McGraw Hill Publisher,2009

R2. B.Canda and D Dutta Mjumder” Digital Image Processing and analysis”Prentice Hall of

india,2011/12(print)

Name of the Subject: Optical Fiber Communication Subject Code : UGEC7T05



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

This course provides a full understanding of the components and the design and operation of optical

fibre communication systems. The principles of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. The

characteristics and limitations of system components like laser diodes, external modulators, optical

fibre, optical amplifiers, optical receivers and the factors affecting the performance of both analog and

digital transmission systems are studied.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand fiber-optic communication system, optical properties and principles of optical

fibers.

CO 2. Know about Fiber losses and dispersion in fibers.

CO 3. Know the operation of optical sources and detectors and the fabrication process of Optical

Fibers.

CO 4. Design Optical receiver and analyze power budget.

CO 5. Understand WDM, analog and digital receivers.

UNIT-I OVER VIEW OF OPTIC FIBER

Advantages of Optical Fiber Communications, Nature of Light, Ray theory transmission, Total Internal

Reflection, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Skew rays, V Number, Optical Fiber Modes and

Configurations, Mode Theory for Circular Waveguides, Single-Mode Fibers, Step Index and Graded-Index

Fiber Structure. Single mode fibers- Cut off wavelength, Mode Field Diameter, Effective Refractive Index.

UNIT – II FIBER MATERIALS

Glass, Halide, Active glass, Chalgenide glass, Plastic optical fibers. Signal distortion in optical fibers-

Attenuation, Absorption, Scattering and Bending losses, Core and Cladding losses. Information capacity

determination, Group delay, Types of Dispersion - Material dispersion, Wave-guide dispersion,

Polarization-Mode dispersion, Intermodal dispersion, Pulse broadening in Graded index fiber.

UNIT – III OPTICAL SOURCES AND PHOTO DETECTORS

Optical Sources: Light-Emitting Diodes, Light-Emitting – Diodes Operating Characteristics, Quantum

Efficiency and Power bandwidth. Laser Principles, Laser Diodes, Laser-Diode Operating Characteristics,

Distributed – Feedback Laser Diode, Fiber Laser, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Diodes. Laser

diode rate equations, Resonant frequencies.

Photo Detectors: Physical Principles of PIN and Photodiodes, Photo detector Noise, Detector Response

me Avalanche Multiplication Noise, Structures for InGaAs APDs, Temperature Effect on Avalanche Gain,

Comparison of Photo detectors.

UNIT IV: FIBER FABRICATION

Outside Vapor Phase Oxidation, Vapor Phase Axial Deposition, Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition,

Double-Crucible Method

Unit-V: OPTICAL COUPLERS AND WDM CONCEPTS

Source Coupling, Fiber-to-fiber joints, fiber end Preparation, Splicing, Connectors, Principles of

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing, Types of WDM, Directional Couplers, Star Couplers, Isolator and

Circulator, Fiber Bragg Gratings, Tunable optical filters and Tunable optical Sources.

Unit-VI: SYSTEM DESIGN AND FIBER OPTICAL APPLICATIONS

Optical system design — Considerations, Component choice, Point-to- point links, System

considerations, Link power budget with examples. Overall fiber dispersion in Multi mode and Single

mode fibers, Rise time budget with examples. Analog System and Digital System Design, Applications of

Fiber Optics.

Text Books

T1. Gerd Keiser “Optical fiber Communication,” Mc Graw Hill. 3rd Edition , 2003

T2. P. Chakravarthy “Fiber Optic Communications,” Mc Graw Hill.

References

R1. Fiber Optic Systems, John Powers, Irwin Publications, 1997

R2. Optical Fiber Communication, Howes M.J., Morgen, D.V John Wiely

Name of the Subject: Satellite Communication Subject Code : UGEC7T06

(ELECTIVE-III) Year / Semester : IV/ I


Credits : 4

Course Objectives: This course provides learn the fundamentals and the techniques for the design and analysis of

satellite communication systems. Satellite Orbits, Space Stations and Ground Terminals, Frequency Allocation, Link Calculation and Signal Propagation, Digital Modulation, Multiple Access, Receiver Synchronization, Baseband Processing and the basics of various Satellite types.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the orbital mechanics, basic concepts of satellite communication, its applications.

CO 2. Understand the Concepts of satellite subsystems and Link Design.

CO 3. Know about Satellite Earth stations.

CO 4. Understand satellite navigational aids.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Origin of Satellite Communication, Historical Back ground, Introduction to Polar, geo-synchronous

and geo-stationary satellites, Kepler’s laws, Locating the satellite with respect to the earth, sub-satellite

point, look angles, mechanics of launching a synchronous satellite, Orbital perturbations, Orbit

determination, Orbital effects in communication systems performance. Indian scenario in

communication satellites.

UNIT II SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS

Attitude and orbit control system, telemetry, tracking, Command and monitoring, power systems,

communication subsystems, Satellite antenna Equipment reliability and Space qualification.

UNIT III SATELLITE TRANSPONDER

Transponder model, Satellite signal processing, RF-RF translation, IF demodulation.

UNIT IV SATELLITE LINK DESIGN

Basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T ratio, Design of downlinks, uplink design,

Design of satellite links for specified C/N, System design example.

UNIT V EARTH STATION SUB SYSTEMS

Introduction, Transmitters and Receivers, Different types of earth stations, Orbit consideration,

coverage and frequency considerations, Delay & Throughput considerations, System considerations,

Space craft antennas, Multiple Access Techniques, comparison of FDMA, TDMA, CDMA and SDMA.

UNIT VI INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS SATELLITE SYSTEMS

VSAT, direct broadcast satellite television and radio, satellite navigation and the global positioning

systems.

Text Books

T1. Timothy Pratt, Charles Bastian and Jeremy Allnutt. (2008), “Satellite Communications”, WSE,

Wiley Publications, 2nd Edition.

T2. Satellite Communication System Design Principles - M. Richharia

References

R1. Satellite Communication - R.M. Gagliardi

Name of the Subject: MECHATRONICS Subject Code : UGEC7T07



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

To give an insight of different components of a Mechatronic system.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand a Mechatronic system component and perform physical system modelling.

CO 2. Know different sensors and actuators and analyze the role of controls in mechatronics.

CO 3. Perform fault analysis in mechatronic systems.

CO 4. Understand the design of computer based instrumentation system.

UNIT-I – OVERVIEW OF MECHATRONICS

Mechatronics Definition, Mechatronic Design Approach System Interfacing, instrumentation and

control systems microprocessor-based controllers and microelectronics, An Introduction to Micro- and

Nanotechnology Mechatronics: New Directions in Nano-, Micro-, and Mini-Scale Electromechanical

Systems.

UNIT-II PHYSICAL SYSTEM MODELING

Modeling Electromechanical Systems, Structures and Materials, Modeling of Mechanical Systems for

Mechatronics Applications, Fluid Power Systems, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Thermodynamics,

Modeling and Simulation for MEMS, Rotational and Translational Microelectromechanical Systems:

MEMS Synthesis, Microfabrication, Analysis, and Optimization, The Physical Basis of Analogies in

Physical System Models.

UNIT III – SENSORS AND ACTUATORS

Introduction to Sensors and Actuators, Fundamentals of Time and Frequency, Sensor and Actuator

Characteristics, Sensors, Linear and Rotational Sensors, Acceleration Sensors, Force Measurement,

Torque and Power Measurement, Flow Measurement, Temperature Measurements, Distance

Measuring and Proximity Sensors, Light Detection Image and Vision Systems, Integrated Micro-sensors,

Actuators, Electro-mechanical Actuators, Electrical Machines, Piezoelectric Actuators, Hydraulic and

Pneumatic Actuation Systems,

UNIT IV– SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS

The Role of Controls in Mechatronics, The Role of Modeling in Mechatronics Design, Kalman Filters as

Dynamic System State Observers, Digital Signal Processing for Mechatronic Applications, adaptive and

nonlinear control design advanced control of an electrohydraulic axis, Design Optimization of

Mechatronic Systems.

UNIT V – COMPUTERS AND LOGIC SYSTEMS

Fault Analysis in Mechatronic Systems, Logic System Design, Synchronous and Asynchronous

Sequential Systems, Architecture, Control with Embedded Computers and Programmable Logic

Controllers.

UNIT VI – SOFTWARE AND DATA ACQUISITION

Introduction to Data Acquisition, Measurement Techniques: Sensors and Transducers, A/D and D/A

Conversion, Signal Conditioning, Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems, Software Design and

Development, Data Recording and Logging.

Text Books

T1. Robert H. Bishop “Mechatronic Systems, Sensors and Actuators”, CRC press, Taylor and Francis

Group

T2. John G. Webster “Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook” CRC Press, 999, 0-

8493-2145-X

References

R1. Ilene J. Bush Vishniac, “Electromechanical Sensors and Actuators”, Springer

Name of the Subject: Digital Signal Processors and Architecture Subject Code : UGEC7T08



Credits : 4

Course Objectives:

1. To know the architectures of different types of DSP Processors.

2. To implement basic DSP algorithms on different DSP processor.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the fundamentals of programmable DSPs

CO 2. Familiarize with the architectures of different DSP processors

CO 3. Apply basic DSP algorithms on different DSP processors

CO 4. Use DSP processors for signal processing applications

UNIT-I FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs

Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator, Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in P-DSPs,

Multiple access memory , Multi-ported memory , VLIW architecture, Pipelining , Special Addressing

modes in PDSPs , On chip Peripherals, Computational accuracy in DSP processor

UNIT-II ADSP PROCESSORS

Architecture of ADSP-21XX and ADSP-210XX series of DSP processors

UNIT-III TMS320C5X PROCESSOR

Architecture, Assembly language syntax, Addressing modes, Assembly language Instructions -

Pipeline structure, Operation Block Diagram of DSP starter kit Application Programs for processing real

time signals.

UNIT-IV PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors,

Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, On-Chip peripherals, Interrupts

ofTMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors

UNIT-V ADVANCED PROCESSORS

8 Code Composer studio -Architecture of TMS320C6X - architecture of Motorola DSP563XX –

Comparison of the features of DSP family processors

UNIT-VI IMPLEMENTATION OF BASIC DSP ALGORITHMS

An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, Computation of signal spectrum, FIR Filters, IIR Filters,

interpolation Filters, Decimation filters, Adaptive Filters

Text Books

T1. B.Venkata Ramani and M. Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and

TMH, 2004

T2. Avtar Singh, S.Srinivasan DSP Implementation using DSP microprocessor with Examples from

TMS32C54XX -THAMSON 2004

References

R1. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. S. Chand & Co, 2000

R2. Digital signal processing-Jonathen Stein John Wiley 2005

Name of the Subject: VLSI Lab Subject Code : UGEC7P09



Credits : 1

Course objectives:

To educate students with the knowledge of design entry, simulation, synthesis for various digital

designs and verification, floor planning placement routing by using cad tools, Design a schematic and

simple layout for various designs.

Course outcomes:


CO 1. Obtain the simulations for various digital designs.

CO 2. Generate synthesis report for different designs using HDL and verify on the FPGA.

CO 3. Obtain the floor planning, placement and routing by using CAD tools.

CO 4. Obtain the layout for various designs and also perform DRC.

LIST OF EXPRIMENTS (Any 10 Experiments)

1. NMOS and PMOS characteristics.

2. Inverter characteristics.

3. Stick diagrams of different gates.

4. Layout of different gates ( inverters, NAND, NOR).

5. Design of adders.

6. Design of VLSI multipliers.

7. Digital Filters.

8. 4-bit sign magnitude comparator.

9. Synthesis of different logic gates.

10. FPGA implementation and verification.

11. Place and routing of different gates.

12. Static timing analysis of different gates.

EXPRIMENTS BEYOND SYLLABUS

1. Sequential logic circuit design.

2. State Machines.

3. Design of microprocessor parts.

TOOLS REQUIRED

1. Cadence Design Suite(Student Version)

2. Synopsis TCAD Suite

Name of the Subject: Microcontrollers Lab Subject Code : UGEC7P10



Credits : 1

Course objectives:

To develop assembly language and ‘C’ language program skills and providing the basic knowledge of

interfacing various peripherals to 8051 microprocessor.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the Programming concepts of microcontrollers.

CO 2. Use the IDE such as Kiel to develop, compile, debugging and simulate the microcontroller

codes.

CO 3. Know the specifications of various I/Os and their interfacing to 8051 Microcontroller

CO 4. Write Embedded C Programs.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS (ANY 10 EXPERIMENTS)

PART-I: PROGRAMMING

1. Data Transfer - Block move, Exchange, Sorting, Finding largest element in an array

2. Arithmetic Instructions - Addition/subtraction, multiplication and division, square, Cube – (16

bits Arithmetic operations – bit addressable).

3. Counters.

4. Boolean & Logical Instructions (Bit manipulations).

5. Conditional CALL & RETURN.

6. Code conversion: BCD – ASCII; ASCII – Decimal; Decimal - ASCII; HEX -Decimal &Decimal – HEX.

7. Programs to generate delay, Programs using serial port and on-Chip timer /counter.

PART-II: INTERFACING TO 8051

Write C programs to interface 8051 chip to interface modules to develop single chip solutions.

1. LEDs and switches interface to 8051.

2. 7 segment display interface to 8051.

3. 2x16 LCD and 4x4 key board interface to 8051.

4. Serial communication.

5. DAC interface to 8051 and wave forms generation.

6. Stepper motor control / stair case control.

Name of the Subject: Technical Writing Subject Code : UGBS7A01



Credits : 0

Course Objectives:

To be able to write or speak cohesively and coherently and flawlessly avoiding grammatical

errors, using a wide range expressions, organizing the ideas logically on a topic.

To make the students understand various formal ways of writing and

To acquaint students with professional communication in writing.

Course Outcomes:

CO 1. Enables students to use English effectively in formal and informal contexts.

CO 2. Introduces learners to different forms of written and oral communication in their career.

CO 3. Exposes students to latest developments in various communication modes.

UNIT I ROUTINE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Notes/messages

Memorandum

Circular / Notice

Resume

Minutes of meeting

Email

Letters

Journal articles

UNIT II REPORT WRITING

Proposal

Progress

Documentation

Project Report

UNIT III WRITING FOR SOCIAL /DIGITAL MEDIA

Blogging

Twitter post

Facebook post

Customer review

UNIT IV REDESIGNING A USER MANUAL /INSTRUCTION MANUAL/INSTALLATION MANUAL

UNIT V PRESENTATION

Oral

Written

Poster

Product launch

Research paper/Conference paper

UNIT VI MECHANICS OF WRITING

Grammar

Punctuation

Vocabulary

Use of computer technology

Suggested Reading

1. Rosenberg, J.Barry.Spring into Technical Writing for Engineers and scientists Addition Wesley

2005.

2. Barass,Robert. Scientist Must write: A Guide to Better writing for Scientists, Engineers and

Students ,second edition Rutledge London 2002ools Hand book IEEE press 2010

3. Mamishev, Alexander and Sean Williams. Technical Writing for Teams: The STREAM Tools Hand

book IEEE Press 2010

4. Budnski, Kenneth G. Engineers’s Guide to Technical Writing ASM International 2001

5. Woolever, Kristin R.Writing for the Technical Profession 4 edition Pearson Education 2008

6. Shelton, James H.Handbook for Technical Writing 1996 NTC Business Books 1996

Name of the Subject: Digital Television Engineering Subject Code : UGEC8T01

(FREE ELECTIVE-I) Year / Semester : IV/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To study the analysis and synthesis of TV Pictures, Composite Video Signal, Receiver ,Picture tubes

and Television Camera Tubes. To study the various Color Television systems with a greater emphasis on

television standards . To study the advanced topics in digital television and High definition television .

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the fundamentals of television engineering and Television Standards.

CO 2. Understand the working of tubes to process the television signals.

CO 3. Know the various circuits and their working of Monochrome and Color Television.

CO 4. Know the concepts of Digital TV and New era Projection TVs.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO TELEVISION

Picture Transmission, Geometric Form, Aspect Ratio, Flicker, Image Continuity, no of scanning lines,

progressive and interlaced scanning, Television systems and Standards, Composite Video Signal : Video

signal levels, Need for Synchronization, Details of Horizontal and Vertical Sync Pulses, Equalizing Pulses,

VSB Transmission, Complete Channel Bandwidth, Reception of Vestigial Sideband Transmission, Block

Schematic study of a typical TV Transmitter.

UNIT II CAMERA AND PICTURE TUBES

Camera Tube Types, Principle of working and constructional details of Videocon, Silicon diode array

Vidicon and Solid-state Image Scanners, Color Camera, Color Picture Tube-Delta; Picture Tube

Specifications.

UNIT III MONOCHROME RECEIVERS

Block Schematic and Functional Requirements of a Monochrome Receiver, RF tuner, IF Subsystem,

Video Detector, Sound Channel Separation, Sync Separation Circuits, Vertical and Horizontal Deflection

Circuits, E.H.T. Generation, Study of Video IF Amplifier.

UNIT IV COLOR TELEVISION

Principles of Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing, Chromaticity Diagram, Compatibility and Reverse

Compatibility, Color Signal Transmission, Bandwidth for Color Signal Transmission, Sub-carrier

Modulation of Chroma Signals, Block diagram of Color TV Receiver, NTSC Encoding (Y, I, Q signals), NTSC

Decoder.

UNIT V DIGITAL TELEVISION

Digital System Hardware, Signal Quantization and Encoding, Digital Satellite Television, Direct to

Home, Digital TV Receiver, Merits of Digital TV Receivers, LCD AND PLASMA SCREENS: LCD Technology,

LCD Matrix types and operation, LCD Screens for Television, Plasma and conduction of charge, Plasma

TV Screens, LCD color receiver, Plasma Color Receiver, Working Principles of LED TV.

UNIT VI NEW ERA PROJECTION TV

Direct View and Rear projection Systems. Front Projection Systems, Reflective Projection Systems,

digital light Processing (DLP) Projection system, Projection TV for Home Theaters.

Text Book

T1. RR Gulati: Modern Television Practice, Principles Technology and Servicing Third Edition New

Age International Publishers.

References

R1. Television Engineering, A. M. Dhake, Tata - McGraw Hill.

Name of the Subject: Analog IC Design Subject Code : UGEC8T02



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

The objectives of this course is to introduce the basics of MOSFET, its characteristics, second order

effects, small signal model of MOSFET and analyze the small signal analysis and large signal analysis for

single stage amplifiers, differential amplifiers, current sources, current mirrors and frequency response

of amplifiers.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand and design MOSFET based analog integrated circuits.

CO 2. Design and Analyze single stage amplifiers and differential amplifiers.

CO 3. Analyze current sources and sinks.

CO 4. Analyze high frequency response of amplifiers.

CO 5. Understand stability compensation for amplifiers.

UNIT I BASIC MOS DEVICE PHYSICS

General Considerations, MOSFET as a Switch, MOSFET Structure, MOS Symbols, MOS I/V

Characteristics, Threshold Voltage, Derivation of I/V Characteristics, Second-Order Effects, MOS Device

Models, MOS Device Layout, MOS Device Capacitances, MOS Small-Signal Model, NMOS versus PMOS

Devices, Long-Channel versus Short-Channel Devices.

UNIT II SINGLE-STAGE AMPLIFIERS I

Basic Concepts, Common-Source Stage, Common-Source Stage with Resistive Load ,CS Stage with

Diode-Connected Load, CS Stage with Current-Source Load, CS Stage with Source Degeneration.

UNIT III SINGLE-STAGE AMPLIFIERS II

Source Follower, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Folded Cascode Amplifiers.

UNIT IV DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIERS

Single-Ended and Differential Operation. Basic Differential Pair, Qualitative Analysis, Quantitative

Analysis, Common-Mode Response, Differential Pair with MOS Loads.

UNIT V PASSIVE AND ACTIVE CURRENT MIRRORS

Basic Current Mirrors, Cascode Current Mirrors, Active Current Mirrors, Large-Signal Analysis, Small-

Signal Analysis, Common-Mode Properties.

UNIT VI FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS

General Considerations, Miller Effect, Association of Poles with Nodes, Common-Source Stage,

Source Followers, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Differential Pair Feedback General

Considerations, Properties of Feedback Circuits, Effect of Loading, Effect of Feedback on Noise.

Text Books

T1. Ken Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Wiley Publications, 2002.

T2. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill, 2001.

References

R1. Sedra and Smith, Microelectronic Circuits 5/e, Oxford Publications, 2001

R2. P. R. Gray & R. G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, Fifth Edition, John

Wiley, 2010.

Name of the Subject: Optimization Techniques Subject Code : UGEC8T03



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the fundamentals of optimizaiton, traditional

and nontraditional optimization techniques to solve complex problems. It is also aimed to optimize

engineering problems with and without constraints. To apply soft computing techniques like genetic

algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm to hard real life optimization problems which

cannot be solved with classic techniques.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the concepts of optimization techniques.

CO 2. Apply linear and non linear programming techniques to solve engineering problems.

CO 3. Optimize engineering problems with and without constraints.

CO 4. Apply geometric and dynamic programming to optimize the complex problems

CO 5. Apply genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization technique to optimization problems

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTIMIZATION

Development- Engineering application-statement of an optimization problem - classification of

problems-optimization techniques, Classical optimization technique – Introduction, single variable and

multivariable with no constraints and equality constraints – Lagrange model-optimization with

inequality constraints.

UNIT II LINEAR PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUE

Simplex method-Dual simplex, Revised simplex, sensitivity analysis - Interial approach of Dikin

Quadratic programming and linear complementary problem. Special cases in linear programming

UNIT III NON-LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS

General non-linear programming problems; convex, quasi-convex, concave and uni-modal functions,

Theory of unconstrained optimization-Necessary and sufficient conditions for extreme, Theory of

constrained optimization-Lagrange multipliers and Lagrangian optimization, Inequality constraints,

Kuhn-Tucker conditions.

UNIT IV UNCONSTRAINED AND CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

Fibonacci search method, Cauchy's (Steepest descent) method, Penalty function methods, Frank-

Wolfe method, Gradient project method.

UNIT V STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING

Linear, Non-linear and Geometric programming, Stochastic dynamic programming-Dynamic

programming-Introduction, multi-decision problems, concept of sub optimization, principle of

optimality, computational procedure, Calculus method of solution, tabular method of solution, Linear

programming as a case of dynamic of programming – continuous dynamic programming

UNIT VI NON-TRADITIONAL ALGORITHMS

Genetic Algorithms (GA) :GA Fundamentals-Basic concepts, Creation of Offsprings, Working

Principle, Encoding, Fitness Function, Reproduction, Genetic Modeling–Inheritance Operators, Cross

Over, Inversion and Deletion, Mutation Operator, Bit - wise Operators, Bit- wise Operators used in GA,

Generational Cycle, Convergence of GA, Differences and Similarities between GA and other traditional

methods, simulated annealing,

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): Basic concepts, Swarm intelligence, population, velocity

updation, particle - best (pbest), global - best (gbest), velocity initialization, solution, Applications

Text Books

T1. S.S. Rao, “Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice”, New Age International (P) Ltd., New

Delhi, 2000.

T2. K. Deb, “Optimization for Engineering Design – Algorithms and Examples”, Prentice-Hall of India

Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.

References

R1. Genetic Algorithms in search, Optimization and Machine Learning (English) 1st Edition, David E

Goldberg, Pearson Education India

R2. Particle Swarm Optimization Maurie Clerc, Wiley

Name of the Subject: Radar Engineering and Navigational Aids Subject Code : UGEC8T04

(FREE ELECTIVE-II) Year / Semester : IV/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

The student will be introduced to the knowledge of different parameters of Transmitter and Receiver

of RADAR, the concept of Doppler Effect to measure parameters of RADAR, different types of RADARS

and applications based on the type of Transmitters, Receivers, and their functions and navigational

systems

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the basic Concepts of radar system.

CO 2. Know the different types of radars and their applications.

CO 3. Familiarize with different methods used for tracking targets.

CO 4. Apply basic detection theory to radar systems.

CO 5. Understand various technologies used in the design of radar systems & Navigational Aids.

UNIT I RADAR EQUATION

Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum

Detectable Signal, Probability Density Functions, Receiver Noise and SNR, Integration of Radar Pulses,

Radar Cross-section of Targets(simple targets-sphere, cone-sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range

Ambiguities, System Losses and Propagation Effects, Related problems.

UNIT II CW AND FREQUENCY MODULATED RADAR

Doppler Effect, CW Radar-Block Diagram, Isolation between Transmitter and Receiver, Non-Zero IF

Receiver, Receiver Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW Radar, FMCW Radar, Range and

Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and characteristics, FM-CW Altimeter, Multiple Frequency CW

Radar.

UNIT III MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

Introduction, Delay line Cancellers, Moving target Detector, Limitation to MTI performance, MTI from

moving platform, Pulse Doppler Radar.

UNIT IV TRACKING RADAR

Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse Tracking Radar, Low angle tracking,

Pulse compression, Block Diagrams of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Phased array Radars.

UNIT V RADAR RECEIVERS

The Radar Receiver, Noise Figure and Noise Temperature, Mixers, Low Noise front-ends, Radar

Displays, Duplexer and Receiver Protectors.

UNIT VI RADIO AND NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

Aircraft Homing System and Instrument Landing System: introduction, Switching Cardiod Homing

System, Four Course Radio Range, Omni directional Ranges, Tactical air navigation (TACAN), instrument

Landing System, Microwave Landing System Introduction to Hyperbolic Navigation: LORAN-A, LOREAN-C

Text Books

T1. Introduction to Radar Systems,Merrill I skolnik, the McGraw Hill, 2nd Edition

T2. Radar Engineering and Fundamentals of Navigational Aids, G S N Raju, IK international

Publishers, 2008

References

R1. Roger J Suullivan, “Radar Foundations for Imaging and Advanced Topics”.

R2. N S Nagaraja, “Elements of Electronic Navigation”,TMH

Name of the Subject: Audio and Speech Processing Subject Code : UGEC8T05



Credits : 3

Course objectives:

To provide an introduction to basic concepts and methodologies for the analysis, modeling, synthesis

and coding of audio and speech. To provide a foundation for developing applications and for further

study in the field. To introduce algorithms for the analysis and manipulation of audio and speech

processing.

Course outcomes:


CO 1. Understand the fundamentals of digital audio signal processing and speech processing.

CO 2. Use algorithms for extracting parameters and Noise removal from the speech signal.

CO 3. Apply algorithms for speech coding and enhancement.

CO 4. Understand the concepts of Speech recognition and Speech synthesis.

UNIT I DIGITAL AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING

Introduction, Acoustics fundamentals: Sound, waves, waveguides, resonance, energy transfer. Digital

Audio Recording and Playback, Microphone Array Processing,

UNIT II NOISE REDUCTION

Acoustic Echo Cancellation, Acoustic Feedback Control, Reverb/De-reverberation, Active Noise Control -

3D Audio, Editing

UNIT III INTRODUCTION TO SPEECH PROCESSING

Speech production, Speech perception, source-filter model, formants and linear predictive coding

(LPC), Speech analysis (Segmental, sub-segmental, Supreasegmental), feature vector extraction:

estimation of LPC parameters, the Levinson-Durbin algorithm, short-term Fourier transfors, Mel-spectra,

cepstra, pitch period estimation.

UNIT IV SPEECH CODING AND SPEECH ENHANCEMENT

LPC-based coders: CELP, MELP, RELP, RPE, perceptial coders including MP3 Speech enhancement

techniques: spectral subtraction, Enhancement by re-synthesis, Comb filter, Wiener filter.

UNIT V SPEECH RECOGNITION

Bayesian formulation, definition of Hidden Markov Models (HMM), HMM topology,

Parameter estimation in HMMs, The VIterbi algorithm, Language modeling, Deep learning for speech

recognition

UNIT VI SPEECH SYNTHESIS

Introduction, Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, Different synthesis techniques: Source-filter synthesis

(Klatt synthesis), concatenative synthesis, the PSOLA-algorithm, synthesis with HMMs

Text Books

T1. Digital processing of speech signals - L.R Rabiner and S.W. Schafer. Pearson Education.

T2. Applied Speech And Audio Processing: With Matlab Examples Paperback – 2009 by

McloughlinIan

References

R1. Speech Communications: Human & Machine - Douglas O'Shaughnessy, 2nd ed., IEEE Press.

R2. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition. L.R Rabinar and B.H. Juang.

Name of the Subject: Assistive Technology Subject Code : UGEC8T06



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To provide an overview of assistive technologies for disabled people

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Know the accessible technologies and models of disability.

CO 2. Understand the assistive technology for children with disability.

CO 3. Identify the challenges to effective evaluation of assistive technology.

CO 4. Provide innovative engineering solutions of AT devices for commercialization.

UNIT - I ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGIES AND MODELS OF DISABILITY

What is Assistive Technology, models of disability, accessible technology, concepts from human

computer interaction, new directions in accessible technology.

UNIT - II ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

Robot Applications for children, Robots and cognitive development, Robot use by very young typically

developing children, integrating communication and robotic manipulation

UNIT - III NEED OF TASK BASED DESIGN AND EVALUATION

Assistive technology abandonment, HAAT model, case stories: applying the HAAT model

UNIT - IV CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Evaluating technologies in the lab, evaluating technologies in the clinic, evaluating technologies in the

world

UNIT-V PROVIDING INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

The Niche between academic and commercial approaches, project criteria, example projects, logistics

UNIT-VI DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION

Examples of ICT, the need for regulations and standards, small market obstacles, small market

opportunities, new opportunities in small market innovation

Text Books T1. Meeko Mitsuko K. Oishi, Ian M. Mitchell, H. F. Machiel Van der Loos, “Design and Use of Assistive Technology-Social, Technical, Ethical, and Economic Challenges”, Springer , 2010 T2. Lancioni, Giulio E., Singh, Nirbhay N. (Eds.), Assistive Technologies for People with Diverse Abilities”, Springer 2014 References R1. Rory A Cooper, Hisaichi Ohnabe, Douglas A. Hobson, An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering, CRC press, Taylor and Francis group, 2006 R2. Paul H. King, Richard C. Fries, Arthur T. Johnson Design of Biomedical Devices and Systems, Third Edition, CRC Press Taylor and Francis group 2014

Name of the Subject: Wireless Sensor Networks Subject Code : UGEC8T08

(FREE ELECTIVE-III) Year / Semester : IV/ II


Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To cover the Sensor networking concepts and components. The course is a highly efficient way of

gaining networking awareness, understanding of the protocols and communication techniques used by

networks and vocabulary. To learn about physical, wireless Mac layer and Transport Control Protocols

&its various Security issues in Wireless Sensor Networks &Applications.

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Understand wireless sensor networks and Infrastructure.

CO 2. Understand various physical and wireless MAC layers.

CO 3. Analyze different Ad hoc routing protocols.

CO 4. Know about transport layer protocols and challenges for providing QOS.

CO 5. Understand the security issues in wireless sensor networks and WSN applications.

UNIT I OVER VIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Introduction, Back ground of sensor networks, Key definitions of sensor networks, Advantages of sensor

networks, Unique constraints, Challenges and Applications of Wireless sensor networks, Collaborative

Processing.

UNIT II ARCHITECTURES AND NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES

Single Node architecture-Hard ware components, Energy Consumption of Sensor nodes, Operating

systems for Wireless sensor networks, Network Architecture-Sensor networks Scenarios, Optimization

Goals and figures of merit, WPANS, MANETS

UNIT III PHYSICAL LAYER AND MAC PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless channel and Communication Fundamentals, Physical layer and Transceiver Design

Considerations, Issues in Designing a MAC protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks, Classification of MAC

protocols, Contention based protocols-MACAW,DBMA. Contention based protocols with reservation

mechanism -D-PRMA,FPRP,RTMAC. Contention based protocols with scheduling mechanisms-

Distributed priority scheduling, Multihop coordination, DWOP, MAC protocols that use directional

antennas, other MAC protocols-Interleaved carrier sense multiple Access protocol.

UNIT IV ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Introduction, Issues in designing a Routing protocol for Ad Hoc wireless network, Classification of

Routing protocols, Table – driven Routing protocols-DSDV, STAR. On demand Routing protocols-DSR,

AODV. Hybrid Routing protocols-CEDAR, ZRP. Routing protocols with efficient flooding mechanisms,

hierarchical Routing protocols-Fisheys state routing protocol, Power- Aware Routing protocols, Proactive

Routing.

UNIT V TRANSPORT CONTROL PROTOCOLS

Introduction, Issues in Designing a Transport layer protocol for AdHoc Wireless Networks, Design goals

of a transport layer protocol for AdHoc Wireless Networks, Classification of transport layer solutions,

TCP Over AdHoc Wireless Networks, Other transport layer protocol for AdHoc Wireless Networks.

UNIT VI SECURITY IN WIRELESS SENSORNETWORKS &APPLICATIONS OF WSN

Security in AdHoc Wireless Networks, Network security requirements, Issues and challenges in security

provisioning, Network security attacks, Key managements, Secure routing in AdHoc Wireless Networks.

Ultra wide band radio communication, Wireless fidelity systems, Future directions, Home automations,

Smart metering applications.

Text Books

T1. AdHoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and protocols – C.SivaRam Murthy and

B.S.Manoj,2004,PHI

T2. Wireless AdHoc and sensor networks: Protocols, Performance and Control – Jaganathan

Sarangapani,CRC Press

References

R1. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, &Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks-Technology, Protocols,

and Applications”, John Wiley, 2007.

R2. Ad-Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: protocols & systems, C.KToh,led.Pearson Education.

R3. Holger Karl and Andreas Willig, ” Protocols and Architectures for wireless sensor networks”,

John Wiley,2005

Name of the Subject: Embedded and Real Time Operating Systems Subject Code : UGEC8T09



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

To introduce the concepts of “Embedded Systems” and their constraints and understand design of

embedded systems, this course also introduce various Communication interface, and concepts of real

time operating systems

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Familiarize with “Embedded systems” and various constraints associated with Embedded

Systems.

CO 2. Understand the technologies used for the design of embedded systems.

CO 3. Understand the need for communication interface along with their Specifications.

CO 4. Distinguish between “Operating system” and “Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS)” and discuss

various kernel objects with real time analysis.

CO 5. Familiar with several RTOSs in the commercial market.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION

Embedded systems over view, design challenges, processor technology, Design technology, Trade-offs.

Single purpose processors RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic (RT-level), custom purpose

processor design (RT -level), optimizing custom single purpose processors.

UNIT II GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS

Basic architecture, operations, programmer’s view, development environment, Application specific

Instruction –Set processors (ASIPs)-Micro controllers and Digital signal Processors.

UNIT III STATE MACHINE AND CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS

Introduction, models Vs Languages, finite state machines with data path model(FSMD),using state

machines, program state machine model(PSM, concurrent process model, concurrent processes,

communication among processes, synchronization among processes, Implementation, data flow model,

real-time systems.

UNIT IV COMMUNICATION PROCESSES

Need for communication interfaces, RS232/UART, RS422/RS485,USB, Infrared, IEEE1394 Firewire,

Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Blue tooth.

UNIT V EMBEDDED/RTOS CONCEPTS-I

Architecture of the Kernel, Tasks and task scheduler, interrupt service routines, Semaphores, Mutex,

Mailboxes, Message Queues, Event Registers, Pipes-Signals.

UNIT VI EMBEDDED/RTOS CONCEPTS-II

Timers-Memory Management-Priority inversion problem-embedded operating systems-Embedded

Linux-Real-time operating systems-RT Linux-Handheld operating systems-Windows CE

Text Books

T1. Embedded System Design-A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction- Frank Vahid, Tony

D.Givargis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.2002.

T2. Embedded/Real Time Systems- KVKK prasad, Dreamtech press-2005.

References

R1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems-Jonathan W.Valvano, Books/Cole, Thomson Leaarning.

R2. An Embedded Software Primer- David E.Simon, pearson Ed.2005

Name of the Subject: Advanced Digital Signal Processing Subject Code : UGEC8T10



Credits : 3

Course Objectives:

1. To know about various advanced signal processing techniques

2. To apply advanced signal processing methods for applications like speech processing

Course Outcomes:


CO 1. Use parametric methods for power spectrum estimation.

CO 2. Apply adaptive signal processing methods for speech processing.

CO 3. Analyze wavelet transforms.

CO 4. Analyze Kalman Filters and blind source separation methods.

UNIT - I PARAMETRIC METHODS FOR POWER SPECTRUM ESTIMATION

Relationship between the auto correlation and the model parameters, The Yule – Walker method for the

AR Model Parameters, The Burg Method for the AR Model parameters unconstrained least-squares

method for the AR Model parameters – sequential estimation methods for the AR Model parameters,

selection of AR Model order

UNIT - II ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

FIR adaptive filters, steepest descent adaptive filter, LMS algorithm, convergence of LMS algorithms,

Application: noise cancellaption, channel equalization, adaptive recursive filters recursive least squares.

UNIT - III SPEECH SIGNAL PROCESSING

Digital models for speech signal : Mechanism of speech production, model for vocal tract, radiation and

excitation, complete model, time domain processing of speech signal:, Pitch period estimation using

autocorrelation function, Linear predictive Coding: Basic Principles autocorrelation method, Durbin

recursive solution.

UNIT - IV WAVELET TRANSFORMS

Fourier Transform : Its power and Limitations, Short Time Fourier Transform, The Gabor Transform ,

Discrete Time Fourier Transform and filter banks, Continuous Wavelet Transform , Wavelet Transform

Ideal Case – Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks and wavelets, Recursive multi-resolution

decomposition, Haar Wavelet, Daubechies Wavelet.

UNIT-V KALMAN FILTERING

State-space model and the optimal state estimation problem, discrete Kalman filter, continuous-time

Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter

UNIT-VI BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION

Principal Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis, Application of Blind Source Separation

to Biomedical signals

Text books

T1. John G.Proakis, Dimitris G.Manobakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and

Applications, Third edition, (2000) PHI Monson H.Hayes – Statistical

T2. Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, Wiley, 2002

References

R1. L.R.Rabiner and R.W.Schaber, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Pearson Education

R2. K. P. Soman, K. I. Ramachandran, “Insight into Wavelets- From Theory to Practice”, second

Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2008

Documents

Name of the Subject - Welcome to SVECW · Name of the Subject : ... Varactor Diode, LED, Photo Diode, Schottky ... reduction of state tables and state assignment,