NAM NGUM 5 HYDROPOWER PROJECT€¦ · The Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project is one of the six of the hydroelectricity projects in the Nam Ngum river networks. It will be located on the

i

NAM NGUM 5 HYDROPOWER PROJECT

SINOHYDRO CORPORATION LTD.

DONGSAY COMPANY LTD. September, 2007

NAM NGUM 5 Hydropower Project Social Action Plan ============================================================

DSC November 2007 i

TABLE OF Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

ABBRIVIATION

I. INTRODUCTION................................................... 6

II. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................... 6

III. COMPENSATION FOR THE LOST PADDY FIELD AT MEUANG CHIM VILLAGE 7

3.1. Results of Compensation Survey ........................................................................ 7

3.2. Actions ............................................................................................................ 9

IV. RESTORATION OF AFFECTED PEOPLE AND VILLAGE ................. 11

4.1. Affected Person Restoration .............................................................................11

4.1.1. Actions ......................................................................................................12

4.2. Village Restoration...........................................................................................13

4.2.1. Exiting Infrastructure and Facilities...............................................................13

4.2.2. Actions ......................................................................................................14

V. MITIGATION AND COMPENSATION FOR POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION FROM

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION ACTIVITIES ON THE NAM TING......... 15

VI. MISCELLANEOUS DAMAGE/NUISANCE CAUSED BY ANY PROJECT WORK

THROUGHOUT THE AREA........................................... 16

6.1. Immediate Actions...........................................................................................16

6.2. Long term Actions ...........................................................................................16

VII. DOWNSTREAM DIVERSION ISSUES.................................. 16

7.1. Actions ...........................................................................................................17

VIII. AN INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (IRDP).............. 18

8.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................18

8.2. Elements to be Included in an IRDP ..................................................................19

8.3. Integration with Other Development Plan ..........................................................19

8.4. Next Steps towards a IRDP...............................................................................19

8.5. IRDP Cost .......................................................................................................19

IX. MANAGEMENT OF THE SOCIAL ACTION PLAN ....................... 20

9.1. Organization and Administrative Issues .............................................................20

9.1.1. Current General Situation ............................................................................20


DSC November 2007 ii

X. COMPLAINT AND GRIEVANCE PROCEDURES............................. 38

XI. COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAM.................. 39

XII. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE...................................... 40

XIII. SUMMARY AND COST OF ACTION PLAN ............................ 42

XIV. MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN............................... 43

ANNEX 1: CONCEPT OF EXTENSION WORK............................... 45

1.1. General...........................................................................................................45

1.2. Institutional Settings and Responsibilities ..........................................................45

1.3. Fields and Means of Extension ..........................................................................46

1.4. The Model Farmer Approach.............................................................................47

1.5. Financial Support Strategy................................................................................50

1.6. Village Organization .........................................................................................51

1.7. Activities .........................................................................................................52

1.7.1. General Aspects..........................................................................................52

1.7.2. Participatory Land Use Planning ...................................................................52

1.7.3. Land Use Management Extension.................................................................53

1.7.4 Strengthening of Village Organization............................................................54

1.8. Manpower and Budget .....................................................................................54

1.9. Fields of Research ...........................................................................................55

ANNEX 2: CONCEPT OF FOREST REHABILITATION FOR WATERSHED PROTECTION

AND MANAGEMENT................................................ 56

2.1. Management Concept and Strategies ................................................................56

2.2. Activities .........................................................................................................56

2.3. Manpower and Budget Requirements ................................................................57

2.4. Fields of Research ...........................................................................................59

REFERENCES........................................................ 59


DSC November 2007 iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Summary of the Options for Compensation Measures preferred by Affected People (Ban Chim)……………………………………………………………………2

Table 3.2: Estimation of Compensation Cost for each Affected Person ……………………5

Table 4.1: Strength and Priority of the Affected People ………………………………………7

Table 4.1.1: Economic Rehabilitation and Restoration of the Affected People……………….7

Table 4.2.1: Village and Household Services…………………………………………………….9

Table 10: Summary of Social Action Plan Measure…………………………………………16

Annex Tables: Table 1.3-1: Summary on extension fields……………………………………………………19

Table 1.4-1: Support schemes for the establishment of on-farm demonstration areas …22

Table 1.4-2: Support schemes for village forestry demonstration areas…………………..23

Table 1.7.2-1: Eight Stage Process of LUP and LA (MAF, 1996/1; MAF, 1997/3 & 4)…….25

Table 1.7.3-1: Sequence of Extension Activities concerning Agro-forestry, Farmers Woodlots and Communal Reforestation…………………………….26

Table 1.7.3-2: Sequence of Activities concerning Communal Management of Natural Forests……………………………………………………………………27

Table 1.8-1: Extension related budget for Ban Chim Village……………………………….28

Table 2.2-1: Annual Activity Schedule………………………………………………………...31

Table 2.3-1: Management schedule and annual manpower requirements ………………31

Table 2.3-2: Unit costs for plantation operations…………………………………………….32

Table 2.3-3: Schedule of plantation establishment and tending (for 10 years)…………..32

Table 2.3-4: Total Labour and Budget Requirements for Tree Plantation ……………….33

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Nam Ngum 5 Environmental Management Committee Organisation Chart .24 Figure 2: Overall Organisation of Environmental and Social Management Division

(ESMD) ………………………………………………………………………. 31 Figure 3: Organisation of the resettlement and Compensation Unit ………………. 32 Figure 4: Organisation of the Social Development Unit ………………………………. 34 Figure 5: Organisation of Downsteam, Headpond and Catchment Unit ………………. 36 Figure 1.2-1: Actors and responsibilities for extension services within the

Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project………………………………………………..19

Figure 1.3-1: Means of extension………………………………………………………………..20

Figure 1.4-1: Illustration of the Model Farmer Approach……………………………………….21

Figure 1.4-2: Process of Technology Development ……………………………………………21

Figure 1.5-1: Long-term financial support strategy……………………………………………..24


DSC November 2007 iv

ABBREVIATION

ASCR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced ADB Asian Development Bank AMF Average Monthly Flow APB Agricultural Promotion Bank AP (APs) Affected Person(s) ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BOT Build, Operation, and Transfer BOOT Build, Own, Operation, and Transfer CCEM Central Committee for Ethnic Minorities CPC Coorperation and Planning Committee DIP Department of Investment Promotion DOE Department of Electricity DOF Department of Forestry DPA District Protected Area DPRA Development Project Responsible Agency DSC Dongsay Company. Ltd EDL Electricite′ du Laos EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMO Energy Management Office EMP Environmental Management Plan EMU/EMMU Environmental Management (and Monitoring) Unit FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FRCD Forest Resource Conservation Division GMS Greater Mekong Sub-region GOL Government of Laos GPS Geographic Positioning System HV High Voltage HDP Hydropower Development Project ICB International Competitive Bidding IEE Initial Environmental Examination IPP Independent Power Producer IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency Lao PDR Lao People Democratic Republic LECS Laos Expenditure and Consumption Survey LRMC Long Run Marginal Cost LUP and LA Land Use Planning and Land Allocation MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MCTPC Ministry of Communications, Transport, Post and Construction MIH Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts N/A Not Available NAFRI National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute NBCAs National Biodiversity and Conservation Areas NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGPES National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy NNg3/NNg5 Nam Ngum 3/Nam Ngum 5 NSC National Statistical Centre


DSC November 2007 v

NTFPs Non-Timber Forestry Products PAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office PAPs Project Affected Persons PDR People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) PEA Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand PEMC Project Environmental Management Committee PPAg Power Purchase Agreement PPAs Provincial Protected Areas PRP Preliminary Resettlement Plan PSPD Power Systems Planning Division RAP Resettlement Action Plan RED Rural Electrification Division ROW Right of Way (of the project area) RP Resettlement Plan SEATEC A consulting firm in Bangkok SIA Social Impact Assessment STEA Science, Technology and Environment Agency STEO Provincial Science, Technology and Environment Office Swidden A term used for “slash-and-burn for Cultivation” as practiced in Laos. TL Transmission Line UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UXO Unexploded Ordinance VFA Village Forest Association VTE Vientiane Capital City WB World Bank WCMC World Conservation Monitoring Center WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WWF World Wildlife Fund Bath Currency Unit of Thailand GWh Gigawatt-hour km kilometer Kip Currency Unit of Lao PDR kV Kilovolt masl Metres above sea-level m2 Square-meters MVA Mega Volt-Amperes MW Megawatt US$ U.S Dollar


DSC November 2007 6

Social Action Plan (SAP) (Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project)

I. Introduction The Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project is one of the six of the hydroelectricity projects in the Nam Ngum river networks. It will be located on the upper middle reach of Nam Ting of some 35 Km from Phou Khoune District. The area straddles over southern Louangpabang and southwestern part of XiengKhouang province and part of former Xaysomboun Special zone.

The project involves the construction 104.5m high dam, with 258m long crest, gross reservoir storage of 314 Mm3 and reservoir surface area of 15 Km2, an 8.9km headrace tunnel, an 2.4km penstock and power house. The works include the construction of temporary and permanent residential and other amenity complex in order to accommodate personnel as well as construction workforces during and after the construction of the project.

The closing of a river, inundation of a reservoir and transfer of water to another basin will certainly have environmental and social impacts. These potential impacts have been studied and detail in the Nam Ngum 5 Environmental Impact Assessment by Dongsay Consultant Company (DSC). Monitoring of these impacts and mitigation measures has been outlined in Nam Ngum 5 Environment Management Plan (EPM).

The main purpose of The Social Action Plan (SAP) focus on the potential social impacts described in the EIA and EMP and makes practical recommendations for the resolution of any which at present do, or in the future can affect the communities as a result of the project. This SAP is based on the finding of survey and documents namely:

Materials gathered by the DSC team during previous studies and surveys in the concerned villages.

Various studies, observations and surveys carried out by DSC team. The SAP has been basically designed to achieve the following outcomes: Minimize social disruption and conflicts during and after project construction. Protect and preserve at best the natural environment of the project surrounding areas. Maintain (at least) and preferably to enhance the economic and social condition of the

villages surrounding. Establish an opportunity for training and capacity improvement for district staffs and

local communities.

II. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures Social impacts can be summarized as follows:

a. Site related problems. These are mostly in the village of Ban Chim where a cultivated terrace (49.52 ha) of 49 families will be affected by project development.

b. The issue to consider socio-economic development opportunities of Ban Chim based on strength, priority, weakness and challenges


DSC November 2007 7

c. General relation between EdL, the contractors and Ban Chim Village

III. Compensation for the Lost Paddy Field at Meuang Chim Village

3.1. Results of Compensation Survey Based on survey of land use type within and around the project area, most of land use types within the project area are grassland (1,636 ha) and permanent agricultural lands, mainly rice paddy fields will be affected by project (approximately 50 ha) which belongs to 49 households of Ban Chim village.

Interview’s results of the affected people show that of the total 49 affected people, there are 46 households (93.9%) were agreed to compensate by cow/buffalo and wire fence which equivalent to the amount of paddy field. However, 3 of them asked for a new paddy field in other areas where suitable for their business and future quality of life of their children. One of the three will move to Luangprabang town and the rest two will move to live with relative in Kasi District. They asked for help in terms of transport for moving their house and rice providing during the first 10 years (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1: Summary of the Options for Compensation Measures preferred by Affected People (Ban Chim)

Type of Compensated

No.

Affected People

Unit

Quantity Cash Paddy field

Cow/buffalo & wire

Remark

1 Mr. Bouaseng Tho ha 1.72 -

2 Mr. Xay Por Rong ha 0.7 -

3 Mr. Somphet ha 0.5 -

4 Mr. Khammy ha 2.1 All inundated

5 Mr. Khamsay ha 0.8 All inundated

6 Mr. Vanhxay ha 1.0 -

7 Mr. Khamsane ha 1.0 -

8 Mr. Bounma ha 1.2 -

9 Mr. Bounthieng ha 1.4 -

10 Mr. Boun Nheun ha 0.8 -

11 Mr. Somphone Tho ha 1.8 -

12 Mr. Thongvanh ha 1.2 -

13 Mr. Kham-one ha 2.0

Need to move to town for better live of the children

14 Mr. Khamkeo ha 0.8 -

15 Mr. Keo ha 0.4 All inundated

16 Mr. Thongsamay ha 0.9 -

17 Mr. Xouane ha 0.6 All inundated


DSC November 2007 8

Type of Compensated No.

Affected People

Unit

Quantity Cash Paddy

field Cow/buffalo

& wire

Remark

18 Mr. Ma Tho ha 0.6 All inundated

19 Mr. Dee ha 1.0 -

20 Mr. Somphet Tho ha 1.2 -

21 Mr. Khamsouk ha 0.8 All inundated

22 Mr. Kham-ouane ha 1.2 All inundated

23 Mr. Bounthay ha 0.4 -

24 Mr. Bounpheng ha 1.2 All inundated

25 Mr. Sommai ha 1.0 All inundated

26 Mr. Mouan ha 1.2 All inundated

27 Mr. Thongsamay ha 0.4 -

28 Mr. Xay ha 0.2 All inundated

29 Mr. Khamsing ha 1.8 -

30 Mr. Lor ha 1.3 All inundated

31 Mr. Tay ha 2.4 All inundated

32 Mr. Vanthong ha 1.5 All inundated

33 Mr. Inh ha 0.8 All inundated

34 Mr. Vone ha 0.6 All inundated

35 Mr. Koua Neng Heu ha 0.5

-

36 Mr. Xieng Chan Thone ha 0.3

All inundated

37 Mr. Louane ha 0.2 All inundated

38 Mr. Nor Teng Yang ha 0.8 All inundated

39 Mr. Pheuang ha 0.8 All inundated

40 Mr. Lyphongtho ha 0.8 All inundated

41 Mr. Chanda ha 0.5 -

42 Mr. Khamnga ha 0.7 -

43 Mr. Khamsy ha 2.3

Need to move to town for better live of their children

44 Mr. Chear Por ha 1.5 All inundated

45 Mrs. Duangchanh ha 0.5 All inundated

46 Mr. Sengtho 0.6

Need to move to the town for better live of their children

47 Mr. Phak 1 All inundated

48 Mr. Cheukauhor 1.5 All inundated

49 Mr. Bounmy 1 All inundated


DSC November 2007 9

Type of Compensated No.

Affected People

Unit

Quantity Cash Paddy

field Cow/buffalo

& wire

Remark

Total ha 49.52 3 (6.1%) 46 (93.9%) 29 (59.2%)

3.2. Actions Before provision of compensation, project owners shall establish a joint committee,

with representatives from all stakeholders including EdL, Provincial and District Authorities, Chief of Affected Villages to assess the loss to APs.

Compensation will be in the form of a payment for the value of the lost property, the formula below was used for the calculation of permanent loss of land in other similar previous EdL power projects. It was specifically used in the compensation of the rice paddy field and permanent farmland or garden and has been satisfactory for both sides (project owner and affected villagers).

Paddy Land = Yields of the field (ton/ha/year) x Land (Area taken by project) x Unit of husk rice x Compensation period (10 years)

Using the formula above calculated for each affected people (see Table 3.2 detail) then change into cow/buffalo or wire fence. The total cost of compensation will be 1,733,200,000 Kip (or approximately US$173,320 with US$1 = 9600 kip exchange rate).


DSC November 2007 10

Table 3.2: Estimation of Compensation Cost for each Affected Person (49 Affected People)

No. Affected People Unit Quantity (ha)

Unit Price (Kip/ha)

Compensated Time (Year)

Total Comp. Cost (Kip)

Remarks

1 Mr. Bouaseng Tho ha 1.72 3,500,000 10 60,200,000

2 Mr. Xay Por Rong ha 0.7 3,500,000 10 24,500,000

3 Mr. Somphet ha 0.5 3,500,000 10 17,500,000

4 Mr. Khammy ha 2.1 3,500,000 10 73,500,000 5 Mr. Khamsay ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000

6 Mr. Vanhxay ha 1.0 3,500,000 10 35,000,000

7 Mr. Khamsane ha 1.0 3,500,000 10 35,000,000 8 Mr. Bounma ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000

9 Mr. Bounthieng ha 1.4 3,500,000 10 49,000,000

10 Mr. Boun Nheun ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000 11 Mr. Somphone Tho ha 1.8 3,500,000 10 63,000,000

12 Mr. Thongvanh ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000

13 Mr. Kham-one ha 2.0 3,500,000 10 70,000,000 Move to another place

14 Mr. Khamkeo ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000 15 Mr. Keo ha 0.4 3,500,000 10 14,000,000

16 Mr. Thongsamay ha 0.9 3,500,000 10 31,500,000

17 Mr. Xouane ha 0.6 3,500,000 10 21,000,000 18 Mr. Ma Tho ha 0.6 3,500,000 10 21,000,000

19 Mr. Dee ha 1.0 3,500,000 10 35,000,000

20 Mr. Somphet Tho ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000 21 Mr. Khamsouk ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000

22 Mr. Kham-ouane ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000

23 Mr. Bounthay ha 0.4 3,500,000 10 14,000,000

24 Mr. Bounpheng ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000 25 Mr. Sommai ha 1.0 3,500,000 10 35,000,000

26 Mr. Mouan ha 1.2 3,500,000 10 42,000,000

27 Mr. Thongsamay ha 0.4 3,500,000 10 14,000,000 28 Mr. Xay ha 0.2 3,500,000 10 7,000,000

29 Mr. Khamsing ha 1.8 3,500,000 10 63,000,000

30 Mr. Lor ha 1.3 3,500,000 10 45,500,000 31 Mr. Tay ha 2.4 3,500,000 10 84,000,000

32 Mr. Vanthong ha 1.5 3,500,000 10 52,500,000

33 Mr. Inh ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000

34 Mr. Vone ha 0.6 3,500,000 10 21,000,000 35 Mr. Koua Neng Heu ha 0.5 3,500,000 10 17,500,000



No. Affected People Unit Quantity (ha)

Unit Price (Kip/ha)

Compensated Time (Year)

Total Comp. Cost (Kip)

Remarks

36 Mr. Xiengchanthone ha 0.3 3,500,000 10 10,500,000

37 Mr. Louane ha 0.2 3,500,000 10 7,000,000

38 Mr. Nor Teng Yang ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000

39 Mr. Pheuang ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000 40 Mr. Lyphongtho ha 0.8 3,500,000 10 28,000,000

41 Mr. Chanda ha 0.5 3,500,000 10 17,500,000

42 Mr. Khamnga ha 0.7 3,500,000 10 24,500,000 43 Mr. Khamsy ha 2.3 3,500,000 10 80,500,000 Move to another place

44 Mr. Chear Por ha 1.5 3,500,000 10 52,500,000

45 Mrs. Duangchanh ha 0.5 3,500,000 10 17,500,000 46 Mr. Sengtho ha 0.6 3,500,000 10 21,000,000 Move to another place

47 Mr. Phak ha 1 3,500,000 10 35,000,000

48 Mr. Cheukauhor ha 1.5 3,500,000 10 52,500,000

49 Mr. Bounmy ha 1 3,500,000 10 35,000,000 Total ha 49.52 3,500,000 10 1,733,200,000

In the case of 3 APs whose need new paddy fields in other areas where suitable for their business and future quality of life of their children, the project need to help them in terms of transport for moving their houses, support rice during the first 5 years and revolving fund for livestock. The cost for this case will not exceed 50,000,000 Kip.

In reality affected people are not only 49 household, it will be increased due to the

construction of transmission line and access road that are not including on this SAP (separate study). The project proponent and the Nam Ngum 5 Environmental Management Committee therefore need to consider before the project starting implemented.

IV. Restoration of Affected people and Village

4.1. Affected Person Restoration Based on additional survey by the DSC team focusing on options for compensations and restoration of the affected people, it was shown that livestock is the strength of the affected people which the total of 98% (48 people), followed by cash crop plantation (75.5%) which can be the second options for improving the livelihood of the local people due to the round year access to the village is the good potential for selling agricultural product. In addition, 53% of the APs are relied on non-timber forest products which are available within and around the project area and have also high potential for generate family income include: rattan, wild mushrooms, bamboo shoot, wild fruits, wild vegetables, Nhot-Nhe (Calumus sp.), Nhot-Boun (Daemonorops schmidtii), honey and others. Table 3 shows the strength and priority of the APs.



Table 4.1: Strength and Priority of the Affected People (N=49)

No. Description Frequency Percentage 1 Livestock 48 98.0 2 Cash crop plantation 37 75.5 3 Non-timber forest product 26 53.0 4 Paddy field 5 10.2 5 Hill rice cultivation 4 8.2 6 Business 3 6.1 7 Officer 3 6.1 8 Agro-forestry 1 2.0

Note: N - Total Respondents

4.1.1. Actions APs shall be provided with the following assistance until their income levels and living conditions can be stabilized:

(a) During the transition period (the first 3 years), rice need to support for the APs , especially those who lost all paddy fields

(b) Committee need to cooperate with provincial/district agriculture sector to support the technical assistant to the APs related to agriculture and livestock activities.

(c) Support high yield production species for cash crop and rice variety to improve the production of the APs as well local communities.

(d) One important aspect that raised by the APs is market promoting need the involvement of the government authority in order to control the market price avoiding middle man buyers. Project proponent should hire the Technical Assistant to help village in analyzing the market segment, demand and supply analyzed and develop a mid-term marketing plan for the village.

(e) Other option that Committee needs to be considered is an abandon paddy field in Nam Phat where people left during the war since 1971 which can expanse up to 20 ha. Since now there have been occupied by 5 households of Ban Chim already, among them 3 were affected people (reported by village headman). District Authority has to declare these areas as priority and reserve areas for compensation to the affected people.

(f) In addition, based on survey, there are some flat areas where will be flooded by the project can be one possibility for the affected people can expanse into their new paddy field. However, these areas are few cases of affected people.

Table 4.1.1: Economic Rehabilitation and Restoration of the Affected People (N=49)

No. Description Frequency Percentage1 Provide revolving fun for agriculture and livestock purposes 38 77.6 2 Support high yield production specie for cash crop and rice variety 35 71.4 3 Provide rice during the first 5 years 31 63.3 4 Marketing Promoted and price control 30 61.2 5 Support technical assistant for agriculture and livestock 22 44.9 6 Provide transport for moving house to other areas 3 6.1

Note: N -:Total Respondents



These are the suitable restoration assistance during the transition period until they are able to restore their incomes or improve their living standards.

4.2. Village Restoration

4.2.1. Exiting Infrastructure and Facilities Education

A completed primary school located in Ban Chim. There are only three teachers for this year. Children need to further study have to go to Ban Samnhek which located in District. Almost children drop out because their parents cannot afford to send them (books, uniforms, accommodation etc.), especially women who help family or are married in early age.

It is very difficult for the teachers who are willing to work in a remote areas, he/she in charge 2 or 3 classes, then informal teaching for adult in the evening.

Health

One health centre which is belong to army supported by government. Outbreaks of epidemic diseases, generally related to bad sanitation condition. Besides, malaria, dysentery/diarrhea, and lung disease due to smoke too much which is the traditional behavior of this ethnic group are the common outbreak of diseases.

Access to Water

Most obtain water from the mountain using the spring water pine support by Red Cross Organization with the total of 8 units for whole village.

Energy

Using the small diesel generator for running electricity are the common methods for the village. One unit can share with 4 to 6 houses. Cooking is carried out with fuel woods that are going to far away from village and lesser.

Table 4.2.1: Village and Household Services

Village Facilities Quantity Primary School 5 classes Health centre 1 Rice mill 9 Iron Buffalo (hand tractor) 27 Car (Hyundai) 7 Motorbike 43 Generator 6 units hydro generator 1 unit Spring Water pine 8



Transport

No public transports exist in this area. However, the most important access to District (Ban Samnhek) where the market place for local people is using their own means transport which have quite a number compared to other villages.

Land for housing Construction

Since the area is almost mountainous areas which are the limitation of the villages for future housing expanded of the village.

4.2.2. Actions Project proponent will provide an electricity to the village which is the priority issue

concerned by village community (which should be negotiated with EDL).

EdL should engage in consultation with the Ministry of Education to identify the most effective way for the implementation of the school project and the level of financial participation of the Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project. According to recent discussion with local authority, it seem that the villagers strongly favor to have the secondary school to avoid dropping out of the children when finishing the primary school.

Promote and support local teacher to further study and come back to teach in their hometown.

Improve health services both facilities and human resources

Develop a small scheme irrigation for promoting cash crop plantation

Expanse more land for future housing construction

Village revolving fund helping local people to improve their livelihood in the form of extension works.

The development of model fishpond/fish farm systems to show how fish and other aquatic foods can be produced independently of the river fishery.

The project proponent should provide the technical assistant (TA) for helping local people in extension work and market promoting for local people, set up the handicraft association to improve the skill handicraft work of local people.

Extension work including agro-forestry, farm woodlot, livestock and village forest management (see Annex 1).

Development an ecotourism plan after project operation in order to improve the livelihood of the local people in the project areas and vicinity.

Forest rehabilitation for watershed protection (Annex 2)

These actions will be included in the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) (see section 8).



V. Mitigation and Compensation for Pollution and Contamination from Construction and Operation Activities on the Nam Ting

There is a potential for the terrace lands to become affected by waterborne or atmospheric pollution and contamination and solid waste related problems, with impacts on human and animal health, crop production and environment during construction and operation of the project. It is recommended that the Environmental Management and Monitoring Unit (EMMU) monitors the flows of water (surface flow and channel flows) from the permanently and temporarily acquired land by monthly inspection of the boundary, particularly where water flows out of the acquired land areas, using recording equipment as necessary, to ensure water flowing onto the terrace from acquired land is clean and safe. The case of pollution or contamination is detected, EdL will be responsible for bringing the matter to the attention of the contractor, and ensuring it is rectified. The EMMU will regularly inspect the contractor facilities and procedures on the acquired land dealing with solid waste disposal, sanitation, toxic and hazardous materials storage and disposal, vector control, dust plumes, sediment production and excessive noise. Advising the contractors if these facilities and procedures are adequate to prevent damage or nuisance to the terrace population and environment, if they are not, EMMU will ensure they are rectified. The case of farmers suffer damage to their crops, health of livestock during monitoring process, which seems to come from construction or operation activities on acquired lands, they shall be entitled to claim damages from the project proponent through EMMU. The village headmen should asked to arrange for all concerned farmers to make training inspections of the acquired land boundary with the EMMU, during which the EMMU will explain the main signs of potential problems, such as: Oil and petrol, or oil and petrol contaminated water, flowing out of the acquired land

area.

Construction debris tipped or thrown over the fence.

Incineration smoke blowing across the terrace.

Human faces on the surface near the fence.

Standing and stagnant water near the fence.

Plastic bags (potential lethal to buffalo and cow) blowing out of the acquired land area.

Plumes of dust and/or chemical particles laying down thick deposits on vegetation beyond the acquired land boundary.

Foul smelling water seeping from latrine areas into channels or joining flood run-off water.

Solid waste pits close to the fence with build up of pest population (especially rats).

Farmers should be asked to report to the EMMU through the village chief any potential problems observed before the result in a case of pollution damage.



VI. Miscellaneous Damage/Nuisance Caused by any Project Work throughout the Area

Conflicts between workers and villagers might be occurred at the beginning of the construction like behavior of workers which offended the villagers etc. The villages on the roads used by contractors will suffer from dust and excessive traffic or accidents. This nuisance will probably be exacerbated during the construction period. Although these are minor problems, it is important to make sure that villagers have a functional channel to make complaints and claims for recompense. Project need to establish a Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC) as proposed in the EIA in order to discuss the compensation procedure and other matters for Ban Chim. To effectively deal with ad hoc complaints the PEMC need to establish a formal grievance procedure. It is recommended that a budget of $5,000 annually is proposed to cover their working cost both their work on family condition and welfare monitoring and reporting.

6.1. Immediate Actions Farmer complaints will be referred by complainants through the Village Chief to

PEMC using the damage forms provided by EdL

This grievance procedure will be publicized through village Chiefs and the EdL’s EMU through out the local population.

Project proponent will pay or compensate for any losses which are genuine and will reclaim from contractors, but will not allow direct compensation from contractors to the villagers.

EdL will take measures to reduce or prevent further damage or nuisance as appropriate, consulting with the contractors, the Consulting Engineer, village’s authorities, if necessary.

6.2. Long term Actions EdL will monitor the complaints being received and if necessary: Ask contractors to modify working practices etc. which seems to give rise to

complaints Explain to the villagers through the PEMC and village chief, the need for all

involved in the project to take a reasonable position in respect of individual inconvenience or nuisance. Some individual inconvenience or nuisance in inevitable. The project is committed however to compensate quickly and fairly for any material loss or damage to any individual.

VII. Downstream Diversion Issues Although the impacts of the Nam Ngum 5 project on fishery are expected to be slight, it is clear that changes in water flow and water quality could have a significant affect on the southern village subsistence fishery. Fishery activities monitoring survey therefore need to carry out.



7.1. Actions Since precise forecasts of such impacts are notoriously difficult to make, it is

essential to keep operational for 5 years (at least). The Fisheries Department will be responsible for carrying out the monitoring 4 times per year, with the financial support of the project. A long term contract, defining objectives and clear commitments should be established between parties. There may be a need to have periodic independent expert reviews of the monitoring results to determine seasonal and long-term variations in fish production prior to the impoundment. Such reviews could indicate if a modification in methods or monitoring frequency is needed. They also serve to validate and certify base lines which could become highly contentious as the project develops.

If during dam construction or operations, an impact event occurs which appears to affect the fishery downstream, or which could expected to do so, additional and more extensive fishery surveys to assess the extent of impact and to establish the level of compensation will be organized.

The fishery department and EdL will present every year, report on the monitoring work carried out and the resulting statistics and records on the on-going or proposed fishery developments, to the PEMC.

A procedure to report of any pollution, contamination and any other fishery impact events will be established by EdL and implemented in the villages. The PEMC will advertise the existence of the procedure to all villagers and will asl for reports to be made to its representatives as soon as they occur. It will include oral reporting and systematic collection of fish or water samples for further tests if required. If any reports indicate there has been a serious impact event affecting the fishery, the Committee will immediately report this to EdL as a case for investigation.

It is recommended that EdL expand its water testing work to include the flows from Nam Ting. Water should be monitored at two locations every week, the location need to identify at suitable places. It is estimated that this expanded water quality monitoring will cost about $10,000 per year. The testing should cover, in addition to flows and sampling depth, the following parameters:

o Every Week • Temperature • pH • Conductivity • Dissolved oxygen (percentage of saturation solution) • Dissolved oxygen (milligram per litter) • Redox (mV) • TSS (Total Suspended Solid) (mailgram per liter).

o Every 2 months, expanded to include: • Calcium • Magnesium • Sodium • Potassium • Ammonia • Total Iron



• Chlorine • Sulphates • Nitrates • Phosphates • Total phosphorous • Sum of all Anions • Ratio of Anions/Cations • Silica • COD Mn

VIII. An Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP)

8.1. Introduction One of the most critical issues concerned the need to bring the rather disparate mitigation and compensation measures, addressed in the SAP and EMP, together into an Integrated Rural Development Programs (IRDP). The reason behind this intention is sound. It is felt that large hydropower projects which focus on macro-economic benefits run the risk of widening the gap between urban and rural social and economic levels. One way to prevent this consequence is to expand on the compensation/mitigation programs which are designed to ensure the communities living around the project maintain their status quo (i.e are not disadvantage by the project), so that instead of a number of isolated measures, an integrated rural development program is produced and executed. If this strategy is adopted, a simple hydropower project will become a multi-purpose river basin development project, with the mitigatory measures embedded in an Integrated Rural Development Program. The project owner has the responsibility to restore the village communities as mentioned in the Degree on the Compensation and Resettlement of the Development Project. However, to assist project proponent, the following facts may be useful:

The additional cost of a rural development program embracing the mitigation and compensation measures is generally small (much less than 5% of the complete project costs).

The social and environmental mitigations and compensations are obligatory and so the project will have to spend a substantial part of what an IRDP would cost anyway.

Many individual mitigation and compensation measures overlap. Some are mutually exclusive, others offer mutual support. The question of how to optimize combinations of separate mitigation/compensations is most effectively resolved through an IRDP.

An IRDP may, in certain cases, suggest ways that the basic infrastructure arrangements of the project can be replanned at no cost, or negligible coat, to the project, but with the large benefit for the region.



8.2. Elements to be Included in an IRDP It is beyond the scope of the SAP to define the terms of reference for an IRDP. However, some concepts had been recommended in Appendices such as concept of extension work and forest rehabilitation for watershed protection in Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project.

Issues to be included in an IRDP include:

Transmission line for rural electrification

Build secondary school

Improve health services both facilities and human resources

Develop a small scheme irrigation for promoting cash crop plantation

Expanse more land for future housing construction

The operation and unitization of the social development fund (revolving fund) for helping local people to improve their livelihood

The development of model fishpond/fish farm systems to show how fish and other aquatic foods can be produced independently of the river fishery

The development of model adapted production systems as demonstration farms to show how land can be used more intensively and profitably.

Economic development of the project area through eco-tourism

Forest rehabilitation for watershed protection in Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project

8.3. Integration with Other Development Plan One of the first tasks of the IRDP will be to establish seamless integration with the existing development Intervention of Khet Mouang Chim, which are under developing by CPC in Vientiane Capital.

8.4. Next Steps towards a IRDP Firstly the terms of reference for the IRDP have to be prepared. It is recommended that EdL take the following steps:

Commission consultants to prepare full and explicit terms of reference (ToR) to be used as a tender request; this could cost around $15,000.

Using these ToR invites applications and selects a qualified individual to become EdL’s Rural and Community Development advisor (RCD), with the task of managing the IRDP.

8.5. IRDP Cost It is premature to think in terms of exact costs. A very rough figure to cover an RCD advisor, his/her staffs, his/her budget for experiments, demonstration farms, equipments etc. would be $ 1 million to cover the period of 5 years. However, the forest rehabilitation



for watershed protection needs to extend up to 10 years (project owner must hire consultant to develop a 10 years management plan).

IX. Management of the Social Action Plan

9.1. Organization and Administrative Issues

9.1.1. Current General Situation The diversify of actions required to achieve the objectives set out in the introduction of the report is clearly great and there are considerable complexities in the budgeting (some items are contingencies, some cannot be accurately known at this time, some are spent over three years and other’s are single expenditures). Moreover, some aspects of the plan may require consultants to be appointed, some depend upon EdL or other Government Agencies activities, and some will need payments for rice or other properties like cow/buffalo and some concern per diems or cost reimbursement for Government Officers and Chiefs.

In addition, the implementation of the SAP is closely linked to other activities that need to be started under the EMP, as for example: o Fishery monitoring activities o Water quality monitoring o Detail land ownership survey and Land allocation o Establish several committees to assist project proponent and EdL in liaising

with other groups, agencies, and individuals. These include: NN5 Environmental Management Committee (NN5EMC) Resettlement and Compensation Committee (RCC) Forest Clearing Committee (FCC) Grievance Committee (GC) District Working Group (DWG) Village Development Committees (VDCs) / or Villages Level working

Committee

NN 5 Environmental Management Committee (NN5EMC)

The NN5EMC is the national body that oversees all GoL activities and commitments that needs to be established for the NN 5 Hydropower Development Project in order to provide a formal link between the Project and residents. The committee will be implemented at least 1 month before the start of the Project and will operate for 8 years, 1 year for pre-construction, 4 years to cover the construction stage and 3 years to monitor post impoundment impacts and take action where necessary. The suggested composition of the NN5EMC is as follows:

– Provincial Vice Governor/Cabinet Officer – Provincial Water Resource and Environmental Office (WREO), – Provincial Energy and Mines – District Energy and Mines Officer – District Forestry Officer



– District Land Officer – Lao Woman’s Union representative – District Education Officer – District Health Officer – Village chief from affected villages

The operational costs of the NN5EMC will be supported by the project proponent. Specifically, the roles of the NN5EMC are:

• Review and approval of the Social Action Plan for the NN 5 HEP.

• Provide organisational support and direction for the RCC.

• Liaise with GoL organisations on the national, provincial and district levels, including the allocation of roles and responsibilities of the different GoL agencies.

• Ensure compliance with GoL laws, regulations and policy.

• Liaise with the Sinohydro regarding GoL concerns and priorities.

• In collaboration with the Sinohydro carry out national level consultations.

• Appoint a Panel of Experts as external monitors – to be decided.

Resettlement and Compensation Committee (RCC) The central task of the Resettlement and Compensation Committee Management Unit (RCC) is to provide leadership and coordination for GoL organisations involved in a myriad of implementation activities from project start-up. The responsibilities of RCC the will be as follows:

o Coordination of all GoL organisations and ensuring RC priorities are addressed.

o Ensuring that GoL policies, procedures and regulations are being followed in the day-to-day management of GoL involvement in implementation.

o Facilitating involvement in carrying out resettlement/compensation activities, such as consultations and livelihood restoration programs.

o Monitoring and auditing funds that are earmarked by the Company for GoL activities.

o Ensuring that all GoL staff involved in the Project are aware of relevant regulations and have undergone proper orientation and training in gender, ethnic, poverty alleviation and participatory planning and implementation concerns.

o Ensuring prompt evaluation of land and assets (crops, production, market values, etc.) for compensation for project-affected persons and resettlers.

o Organisation of Provincial and District level meetings and consultations. o Participation in and follow through of claims lodged via established

Grievance Procedure.



Since the RCC is primarily a coordination body with a few specific tasks, and the District organisations are partners in implementation, it is recommended that the RCC be composed of the following members:

o RCC Manager – a senior, qualified manager with proven effective experience with resettlement, compensation and rural development issues.

o Deputy Managers from Khoun and Puokout Districts to oversee coordination of GoL agencies involved in resettlement, Headpond, Catchment, Downstream and Project Construction Land areas.

o Support staff to be located at the District Project Offices where project reports and documents are kept for public viewing.

o A representative of the Land Asset Registration and Titling Unit for Khoun and Phoukout Districts with sufficient delegation to facilitate evaluations of assets and deal with claims and complaints about compensation.



Figure 1 : Nam Ngum 5 Environmental Management Committee Organization Chart

Project Environmental Management Committees (PEMCs)

Ministry of Energy and Mines (Cabinet) Luang Prabang and Xieng Khuang Provinces

(Vice Cabinet, STEO, Land office, Industry and Commerce, Forestry, and Security)

District Governors (Phoukoun and Phoukout Districts)

District Financial offices Chim Village headman Project proponent and EdL representatives

Forest Clearing Sub-Committee Above Authorities and Xieng Khuang and Luang Prabang

Provinces Forestry Officers

Grievance Sub-Committee Above Authorities and Local Village Head.

Compensation Sub-Committee Above Authorities and Xiengkuang Province Land Officer Luang Prabang Land Officer

Compensation Payment

Project Consulting Meeting with participation of: Luang Prabang

Province, Xieng Khuang Province, EdL MEM, WREA, Contractor, Districts, Village and Affected

villagers etc.

Contractor

Khoun and Phokout Districts Cabinets

(Luang Prabang and Xieng Khuang

Provinces)

Compensation Guideline: Agreed upon the rate for compensation of what will be affected

Chim Village Authority

Affected Persons

Way leave Schedule

Project Proponent, EdL

and MEM



Table 9.1: Institutional Set-Up and Responsibilities for Environmental and Social Tasks

Institution/Organisation Participants Tasks

NN5 Environmental Management Committee (NN5EMC)

• Ministry of Energy and Mines • Luang Prabang and Xieng Khuang Provinces (Vice

Cabinet, STEO, Land office, Industry and Commerce, Forestry, and Security),

• Project proponent (Manager), • District Governor (Phou Koun and Phoukout) • Chim Villages head man

• Project consultation meetings • Monitoring, evaluate review environmental plan and

implementation work • Negotiating compensation unit costs, supervision and

authorization of compensation payment

Forest Clearing Committee (Sub NN5EMC)

• ESMD • Luang Prabang/Xieng Khuang/District Cabinets • Luang Prabang/Xieng Khuang Energy and Mines

Dept. • Luang Prabang/Xieng Khuang STEO • Luang Prabang/Xieng Khuang /District Forestry

Officer

• Determination of timber value • Monitoring of clearing process • Provide guidance and authorization of timber sale and or

relocation, appoint contractor in timber handling activities

Compensation Committee (Sub NN5EMC)


Dept. • Luang Prabang/Xieng Khuang Land Officer

• Determination, negotiation of value of land • preparation of compensation guidelines • monitoring of disbursement of compensation payments • Participation in Compensation Committee • Certification of transfer of land ownership • Payment of compensation

Grievance Committee (Sub NN5EMC)


Dept. • Village Authority

• Settlement of complaints about compensation payments, as well others arise from the project implementation discrepancies and conflicts

Phoukoun District Working Group (Sub DWG)

• District Agriculture and Forestry • District Energy and Mines • District Transport Post and Communication

• Provide technical input to the resettlement and livelihood restoration and improvement process.

• Participate in capacity building for village facilitators • Provide human resource and informational input to infrastructure

and livelihood activities, as required. • Assist with training activities.

Village Development Committee or Villages Level working Committee

• Village head man • Elder committed • Village Woman Union and Youth Organisation • Village Security

• Act as the formal contact point • Responsibility for selecting and supervising the village facilitators,

and represent the village in inter-village meetings to discuss, monitor and evaluate progress.


25

District Working Groups (DWGs) District Working Groups (DWGs) will be established in Khoun and Phoukout Districts and will serve as counterparts to the Environment and Social Management Division (ESMD) within Sinohydro Company. The actual type and number of staff will be determined upon a detailed needs assessment prior to implementation. District staff involvement in ESMD implementation will be primarily task-based. In some cases provincial staff will be involved in implementation arrangements when district staff is not available or adequately qualified. In some programs, such as consultations, both provincial and district staff have been members of Sinohydro Company teams. The tasks of the DWGs will be to:

- In collaboration with the ESMD team, provide technical input to the resettlement and livelihood restoration and improvement process.

- Participate in capacity building for village facilitators – at times as trainers and at other times as trainees.

- Provide human resource and informational input to infrastructure and livelihood activities, as required.

- Assist with training activities.

• District Communications, Post, Transport and Construction Office (DCPTC) will be intermittently involved in the planning stages, it is envisaged that full-time members will be integrated with the ESMD infrastructure teams in order that effective implementation of roads, buildings, rural electrification, bridges, water supply and other infrastructure projects related to resettlement occurs.

• District Agriculture and Forestry Office will be required to provide assistance in the form of agricultural extension workers and other inputs to resettlement and livelihood improvement programmes.

• District Health Office (DHO) will work closely with NN 5 health specialists in order to ensure carry out resettler health programs, and ensure preventative health measures, monitoring and training of local health workers to fulfil the need of affected communities. In addition, GoL will provide adequate staffing for new and refurbished health centres to ensure improved services.

• District Education Office (DEO) The DEO’s role will be similar to that of the DHO’s, in that there will be a series of key inputs relating to the establishment of new services and training of staff (teachers). DEO will be responsible for supplying additional teachers if and when required, and to upgrade the existing teaching staff when required.

• Lao Front for National Construction (LFNC) The LFNC will have a number of roles in the project in relation to mobilisation of communities for collective work projects, and, in particular, to ensure that all ethnic groups, are involved in activities. In particular, the LFNC will be involved in training of village leaders, monitoring and consultation work as required.


26

• Youth Organisation will have intermittent input in the consultation process, youth mobilisation, income generation programmes and preventative health campaigns. Members of the village Youth Organisation might become Village Facilitators.

• District Information and Culture Office will be responsible for cultural issues, and for working with ethnic groups in the project area in cooperation with the consultation teams and the proposed Ethnic Specialist. During the relocation, cultural considerations, such as rituals for moving houses, relocating spirits and cemeteries and physical cultural resources, will need to be taken into account. At the local level this office will be the GoL organisation responsible for ‘chance finds’ and archaeological studies. It will liaise with the National Department of Archaeology and Museums, MIC in Vientiane, regarding important cultural issues and items of importance discovered before or during construction.

• District Land and Taxation Office will be represented in the RCC by full-time members for each District for some of the project preparation and implementation periods. This organisation to carry out a number of key tasks:

- Assessment of Asset Survey and calculations of production losses in project-affected areas.

- Payments of interim and full compensation to affected households.

- Administering Grievance Procedures, including reassessments of claims and dialogue with affected households as required.

• District Labour and Social Welfare Office will be responsible for overseeing labour recruitment and labour conditions for local workers. It will work closely with Sinihydro staff members and contractors to ensure that the maximum number of local workers is recruited from affected households, and the wages and conditions are fair, and in accordance with Lao laws.

• Police, Militia and Army Security forces will be organised to augment local militia and village authorities in patrolling camp areas and areas where population influx occurs (notably near camps and construction activities in Headpond area). They will be responsible for enforcing laws and regulations and reporting any improper incident to District Authorities and Sinohydro staffs.

Several Government Agencies will be sub-contracted within the framework of the EMP to carry out specific technical investigations:

• Ministry of agriculture and forestry (MAF) cooperate with DAFO will be in charge of land allocation program for new resettlement and monitor the livelihood restoration of a new resettlement, evaluate clearly the present production of the affected paddy field and monitor production after rehabilitation.


27

• Department of Land (DOL) working with District Land Office will elaborate a land-titling program for new resettlement.

• Division of Fisheries (DiF), assisted by a consultant will be in charge, to monitor fish in the villages of downstream and prepare a preliminary management plan of fisheries in the reservoir area.

• Ministry of Health (MOH) will have the responsibility to monitor the efficient implementation of the public health components of the Environment management Plan, particularly the worker’s pre-employment of screening and implementation of a health centre in a new resettlement area.

• The Institute of Malaria, Parasitology and Entomology will carry out the implementation of all activities related to malaria control. It will carry out the additional malacological surveys.

• Water Resources and Environment Agency (WREA) will participate in the plan as an observer from the central Government, to ensure that Lao PDR environmental policies are satisfied within the context of the NN5 HEP.

• The Lao Women’s Union (LWU) will be the main organization for grassroots activities with the affected people. Its involvement, in close relation with the NN5EMC, will cover all aspects regarding compensation for permanent losses of paddy land fields, monitoring of compensation process, public information to residents and women’s involvement in hygiene and child care. The LWU will have a number of roles in project implementation, including working with the Consultation Teams, women’s health (maternal and child health, sanitation and birth control) and development projects, like savings and credit groups and literacy programs.

Village-Level Organisations In each relocated and host village it will be necessary to delegate to an existing organisation the responsibility for formulating village policy on resettlement, overseeing the resettlement process, recruiting village facilitators (see below), leading the community participation process and other identified tasks. Where they do not exist, a Village Development Committee (VDC) will be created.

The members of the VDC will receive a regular honorarium for this work and will have funds to engage a full- or part-time secretary to ensure that all delegated issues are tracked and addressed. The VDC, or its appointees, should act as the formal contact point and have responsibility for selecting and supervising the village facilitators, and represent the village in inter-village meetings to discuss, monitor and evaluate progress.


28

Sinohydro Company and Environmental/EdL and Social Management Division (ESMD) Sinohydro Company (Project Proponent) and EdL The Project Proponent and EdL must ensure that the Project conforms to the environmental criteria set out in the EIA and in this Plan. To achieve successfully this objective, Sinohydro will appoint an Environmental and Social Manager (ESM) on a full time basis. The ESM will report directly to the Sinohydro General Project Manager. His ultimate objective is to ensure that the mitigation and monitoring measures are effectively and adequately implemented, in accordance with performance standards and anticipated schedule. The ESM will act on behalf of the project proponent in dealing with Government Agencies or other parties concerned. He will represent project proponent in the NN 5 Environmental Management Committee (NN5 EMC) and will be responsible for maintaining good relations and communication with the local communities. The ESM will have to carry out basic activities namely: Coordination, supervision, monitoring and reporting. These activities cover the following aspects:

o Providing the liaison between the Project Manager with the Consultants, the Government Agencies, the contractors and the NGOs concerned.

o Supervising and monitoring filed activities of sub-contracting parties, more especially of those under direct responsibility of the project proponent.

o Discussing contact obligations with sub-contracting parties and ensuring respect of contractual time schedules.

o Carrying out specific technical tasks (hydrology monitoring, water quality monitoring).

o Reporting (see detail in section 5.2)

To implement these tasks, the ESM will be assisted by a full time assistant and international/or national experts to be provided on a part time basis. This technical assistance will include the services of an environmental planner mainly at the beginning of the implementation of the EMP, and by specialists who will provide professional guidance at critical steps of the program (or on ad hoc basis according to problems encountered).

The Environmental and Social Management Division (ESMD) The actual implementation of the project will be managed by Sinohydro (Project Proponent) and EdL. The Environmental and Social Management Division (ESMD) will be established for project monitoring and coordinating purposes. At least one official will be assigned for the ESMD that will be responsible for environmental and social aspects on the project in coordination with project proponent. The ESMD will prepare all required


29

documentation concerning the environmental and social aspects following the Lao regulations, to monitor and supervise resettlement/compensation implemented by the NN5 EMC in order to ensure that the work is complied with this Resettlement Policy Frameworks.

The ESMD is responsible for all social and environmental activities and will work in close cooperation with GoL organisations and agencies. Social development activities under the guidance of ESMD will entail:

• Providing skilled and experienced international and national staff to carry out all prescribed mitigation measures and achieve income restoration targets.

• Allocating sufficient funding for implementation of resettlement and social development activities.

• Providing prompt and fair compensations for all Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in accordance with established policy and entitlements, including viable resettlement sites, adequate housing and sustainable livelihood systems.

• Providing for any other unforeseen costs and mitigation and compensation measures that may arise and be of consequence for the PAPs during resettlement and compensation periods, as a result of project construction and operation.

• Conducting effective consultations with PAPs that allow for participation in planning, implementation and monitoring by all affected groups, valuing and incorporating local knowledge, and ensuring the full participation of women, ethnic minorities and vulnerable groups1.

• Assisting GoL representatives to acquire necessary knowledge and skills during implementation through provision of on-the-job training and other forms of learning assistance.

The ESMD will have four units (see Figure 2, below): 1) Resettlement and Compensation Unit; 2) Social Development Unit; 3) Environment Unit, and 4) Downstream, Headpond and Catchment Unit

1 Vulnerable groups include ethnic groups and female headed households and households with insufficient

labour or handicapped members.


30

Figure 2: Overall Organisation of Environmental and Social Management Division (ESMD)

General Project Manager(Sinohydro)

ESMD Manager

Resettlement and Compensation Unit

Environmental Unit

Social Development Unit

Downstream, Headpond, & Catchment Unit

Infrastructure Section

Livelihood Section

Construction Section

Health Section

Infrastructure Section

Livelihood Section

Education Section

Community Development Section


31

Resettlement and Compensation Unit

The Resettlement and Compensation will be responsible for all infrastructure and livelihood planning as well as implementation and monitoring of the relocation process for households in the new resettlement area. It will carry primary responsibility for livelihood restoration and improvement for the new and host villages. In addition, it will be responsible for compensation and relocation issues related to Project Construction Lands. The Unit will be headed by a Manager with proven resettlement implementation experience, who will report directly to the ESMD Manager, and work closely with the Liaison Officer and GoL support staff (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: Organisation of the Resettlement and Compensation Unit.

Resettlement & Compensation Manager

Livelihood Team Infrastructure Team Project Land and Compensation Team

Field supervisor

Admin. Assistant

Engineers: - Road and bridge - Electricity - Water supply - Irrigation - Building

Field supervisors

Extension Officers: - Forestry/NTFP - Crop farming - Aquatic and fisheries - Cash crop - Small scale business - Marketing

Field supervisors

Provincial/district support (sector relevant and other

organisations

Provincial/district input from PAFO/DAFO, LWU

and other organisations

Provincial/district input from Land Assets Legislation, Taxation and other relevant Offices

The main tasks of the three sections will consist of the following:

Infrastructure Section • Ensure access to new sites through the construction of new

bridges and roads; and rehabilitation or upgrading of existing transportation facilities.


32

• Ensure effective water supply is provided to the village, through the installation of wells and piping systems.

• Ensure expansion land for housing construction for Ban Chim Villaage

• Ensure that all new sites have reliable electricity supplies and linked to the Lao grid where feasible, and in accordance with GoL planning.

Livelihood Section • Develop suitable agricultural cropping systems, and carry out

extension and technical support work to ensure food security and income targets for villagers.

• Ensure sustainable livestock and agriculture development for all households.

• Establish project nursery(s) for the development of tree crops and domesticated NTFPs and support their proliferation with extension work.

• Facilitate management of the village forest resources through zonation, regulations and awareness raising.

• Investigate markets and marketing-chains for agricultural produce and forge links with middlemen and cash crop companies.

• Develop handicraft and small-scale business opportunities and identify market channels.

• Together with the Monitoring Unit, monitor livelihood development until income targets are reached and sustained.

Project Lands Section • Liaise with Infrastructure Section to ensure all infrastructures are

in place for villagers who have to relocate from Project Construction Lands areas.

• Liaise with Livelihood Section to ensure PAP benefit from livelihood activities, where required.

• Valuate the assets lost due to construction activities in Project Construction Lands.

• Undertake cash compensation to entitled PAPs. Social Development Unit (SDU)

The Social Development (SD) Unit will have primary responsibility for all consultations in the project area as well as community and human services aspects of the villagers and livelihood improvement process (see Figure 4). It will initiate and monitor consultations, health programs, education programs and a range of community development initiatives.

The Unit will be headed by an experienced Manager with proven social mitigation and development project experience, who will report directly to


33

the ESMD Manager, work closely with the Liaison Officer and GoL support staff. The SD Unit will seek intermittent input from an Ethnic Specialist and a Gender Specialist, both during detailed planning, and the commencement of implementation, in order to ensure that ethnic and gender aspects are mainstreamed. The SD Unit will also ensure that the needs of vulnerable groups are addressed.

Figure 4: Organisation of the Social Development Unit

Social Development Manager

Consultation Team

Education Team

Health Team

Community Development Team

Village Facilitator

Provincial/District Input


Ethnic and Gender Specialists Admin. Assistant


The main tasks of the four sections will consist of the following:

Consultation Section • Participatory planning support for villagers, ensuring that local

concerns and beliefs are incorporated.

• Participatory planning for Downstream, Headpond, Catchment and Project Construction Lands areas.

• Establish consultation feedback loops between affected households and project implementing organisations.

• Ensure that gender and ethnic issues are incorporated into planning procedures and implementation.

• Ensure that all affected households are familiar with content and mechanisms of the Grievance Procedure.

Community Development Section • Prepare a comprehensive community development strategy for

affected people and other project-affected groups.

• Facilitate the implementation of savings and credit schemes.

• Assist villagers in developing off-farm livelihood alternatives and cottage industries.


34

• Pay special attention to vulnerable groups in the resettlement and livelihood development processes.

• Link up with NGOs for community development initiatives. Health Section

• Facilitate preparation of a comprehensive long-term health strategy and annual implementation plan for villagers and others.

• Oversee construction of new and upgrading of existing health facilities and the transfer to and orientation/training of MoH staff for these facilities.

• Establish baseline data on the health status and of the population in project-affected villages; facilitate annual surveys to measure changes in health status against the baseline; report to Sinohydro, MoH and any other relevant GoL line ministry on changes in health status.

• Liaise with MoH at national, provincial and district level to link project supported activities with GoL health initiatives.

• Provide direct mentoring and support to provincial Health Office (PHO) and District Health Office (DHO) staffs to conduct regular monitoring and supervision of health facilities and service delivery standards.

• Liaise with health and safety officers appointed by dam-site construction companies on issues related to effects on the population of adjacent villages of risks to health such as water pollution, dusts, and vehicular accidents.

• Liaise with multilateral, bilateral and NGO agencies active in health sector programs, to maximize cooperation and minimize duplication; participate in MoH activities to facilitate sector-wide coordination.

Education Section • Facilitate development of a comprehensive education and training

strategy and plan, for villagers and other project-affected groups.

• Oversee the reestablishment and upgrading of school facilities, carry out adult literacy programs and skills training.

• Assist District and Provincial education authorities in recruiting and training teachers and link up with GoL education initiatives.

• Monitor education programs and school attendance.

Downstream, Headpond and Catchment Unit (DHCU)

The DHCU will be responsible for all infrastructure and livelihood planning, implementation and monitoring for the Downstream and Headpond villages. Hence, many activities will parallel those of the Resettlement Unit in terms


35

of livelihood development (see Figure 5). The unit will also carry out monitoring in all these areas, including the Catchment area. The Unit will be headed by an experienced Manager with proven livelihood implementation experience and will report directly to the ESMD Manager and work closely with the Liaison Officer and GoL support staff.

Figure 5: Organisation of Downstream, Headpond and Catchment Unit.

Downstream, Headpond & Catchment Manager

Admin. Assistant

Livelihood Team

Infrastructure Team

Engineers: - Road and bridge - Electricity - Water supply - Irrigation - Building

Provincial/district support (sector relevant and other organisations

Provincial/district input from PAFO/DAFO, LWU and other organisations

Extension Officers: - Forestry/NTFP - Crop farming - Aquatic and

fisheries - Cash crop - Handicraft/Small

scale business - Marketing

The main tasks of the two sections will consist of the following: Infrastructure Section

• Facilitate physical relocation of villages along the Recipient Rivers.

• Establish erosion protection measures.

• Improve water supplies to affected villages through the installation of wells, boreholes and other systems.

• Establish roads and bridges.

• Improve and/or introduce irrigation to affected villages where appropriate and feasible.

• Install electricity in villages.


36

Livelihood Section • Development of reliable agricultural cropping systems and carry

out extension work to improve food and income security for affected villages.

• Engage PAPs in livestock and aquaculture development to suit needs and ambitions.

• Promote orchard and domesticated NTFP planting for income generation and consumption.

• Identify and develop handicraft and cottage industry operations in affected villages.

• Investigate markets for agricultural and other products and develop links with middlemen and commodities trading companies.

• Ensure fair and prompt cash compensation for loss of land and production in areas where livelihood improvement activities and land replacement are not possible.

• Monitor livelihood improvement until income targets are reached and sustained.

Reporting

The reporting program must satisfy 3 objectives: − To provide a regular distribution of information through the several

parties involved in the project.

− To set up a formal framework for performance achievement evaluation

− To assist a fast decision making procedure in order to implement within the shortest time any decision taken by concerned parties

The system is based on 7 types of reports:

a) Day to day report: filled by the Environmental and Social Manager (ESM) in order to take formal notes of daily events, decisions, actions. These reports are only registered for further consultation when necessary.

b) Weekly report: prepared by the ESM and submitted to the Project Manager (PM).

c) Monthly report: prepared by the ESM for submission to PM, the reports will summarize:

• Activities carried out during the month, task completed, personnel involvement, schedule of activities,

• Problems encountered, decisions taken,

• Major issues under debate, proposed solutions,

• Proposed activities for the coming months,

• Budget situation: expenses, invoices, fund reallocation…etc.


37

• List of major meeting held during the month, d) Meeting reports: minute of monthly (or ad-hoc) coordination meetings held

with NN5 EMC and others). To be prepared by Secretary of the NN5 EMC, signed by the Chairman and counter signed by the EM. For submission to ESMD, Project Manager and NN5 EMC members.

e) Review reports: to be submitted to ESMD and lender (if any), every four months the first 2 years and every 6 months after (see proposed review program in section 4). These report will summarize major issues addressed, major achievements, major pending problems, budget situation, recommended strategy and work plan until the next review. They will be prepared by the review team.

f) Annual review report: to be submitted by ESMD to Sinohydro, EdL, DoE (MEM), WREA and lender (if any), summarizing the progress of environmental mitigation and monitoring activities during the last 12 months of activity and presenting strategy and work program for coming 12 months.

g) Technical report: prepared by sub-contracted Agencies or consultants. Submitted to ESM according to schedule.

Table 9.2: Summary reporting program

Report Types By: To: Purpose Daily Report ESM Project files Registration of daily

events. For consultation only

Weekly Report ESM PM Follow-up of social and environmental activities

Meeting Reports (monthly and ad-hoc)

NN5 EMC ESM Signed by concerned parties & summarized in monthly report

Technical Reports GOL Agencies, consultants

ESM, Cons. Engineer

According to technical

Monthly Report (Project)

ESM PM, ESMD, EdL DoE/MEM, WREA

Monitoring of EMP implementation

Monthly Report (Contractor)

ESM PM, ESMD, EdL DoE/MEM, WREA

Follow-up of contract obligations

Interim Review Reports (4 to 6 monthly)

Review mission member

ESMD, DoE/MEM, EdL WREA, Lenders (if any)

Progress in EMP implementation, issues & achievement

Annual Review Report Review mission member

ESMD, DoE/MEM, EdL, WREA, Lenders (if any)

Annual status of EMP achievement


38

X. Complaint and Grievance Procedures There will be three instances for sorting out complaints and grievances. Every affected person has the right to lodge a complaint when dissatisfied with compensation or resettlement process. The first instance will be at the village level, with the Village Committee listening to complaints from the PAPs and trying to resolve these. Should the first instance fail then the second instance, situated at the District level will be the next adjudicator. The district working committee and the ESMU will listen to the complaints. Should the plaintiff still wish to lodge a grievance, having failed to be satisfied at the second instance, the Legal Court at the provincial level will be the last and final instance. The PAP lodging the complaint should not be made to pay for the case. The outcome ruling on the complaint will be respected. In most cases of disputes, it is expected that the plaintiff will not reach the second instance, which in this case would be the ESMU with Consultant observer/witness to ensure that the PAP is justly heard and the right decision given. Normally disputes are solved at the village level, with moderators ensuring that disputes stay within the village. A body known as Village Front for Construction (Neo Home Ban) is responsible for resolving disputes at village level. Grievance Processing Mechanism The “Project Social and Environmental Management Division” will provide “Village Mitigation Committee” with standard Complaints Forms to be issued to all households. Household, or groups of households wishing to complain about the effects of construction works on their property, production systems, economic well-being, spiritual life, quality of water or air, health, safety, welfare or any other facet of their lives shall make their complaint using these Complaints Forms.

The Process of Grievance Investigation and Resolution will follow these steps: 1) Complaint Forms will be sent by households or groups of households to the

“Village Mitigation Committee” 2) Within 30 days the “Village Mitigation Committee” will investigate the

complaint. If it is judged by them to be valid the Complaint Form will be forwarded to the “Project Environmental Management Unit”

3) Within 30 days the “Project Environmental Management Unit” “Village

Mitigation Committee” and the complainant will decide how to resolve the matter.

4) The “Project Environmental Management Unit” shall take such measures as

are agreed in step 3 above to resolve the complaint within 30 days, or some other period acceptable to the parties referred to in step 3.

5) When the complaint has been resolved the Complaint Form, signed and

annotated at each stage of the process, will be filed by the “Project Environmental and Social Management Unit”, with copies to be sent to WREA.


39

6) The “Project Environmental Management Unit” will keep voucher accounts

of any expenditures made in resolving complaints.

XI. Community Consultation and Awareness Program The GoL policy on sustainable hydropower calls for "comprehensive social and environmental education and awareness activities" as part of the community consultation process. Social and Environmental education needs to reach men and women, particularly younger people. The knowledge imparted will complement livelihood restoration and improvement activities which have been designed to not degrade the surrounding environment (hunting, swiddens, over-harvesting of NTFPs, fishing etc.). Environmental education will complement new livelihoods while raising communities' awareness of the need to protect their natural resources for the future. Training will be conducted through the Village Facilitator system, with the technical assistance from NGOs or other agencies that have conducted similar education programs elsewhere in the Lao PDR. Existing curriculum can be reviewed, adapted to the Khoun district context and Training of Trainer provided to enable Village Facilitators to share the curriculum with their community. A Community Consultation and Awareness Program will be developed to provide a basis for ongoing community consultation. An important focus of the liaison program will be raising awareness amongst the community of hazards introduced into the area as a result of the project (e.g. dangers associated with diversion canal access, increased traffic hazard) and potential, project-related disruptions to the community (such as reduced flows downstream of the head ponds). The programme will also communicate to the local community about possible opportunities such as employment and recruitment procedures, business opportunities, and Community Trust Fund programme initiatives. The program will provide a forum for the community and (and government where relevant) to raise, discuss and resolve issues associated with the project. Consultation will occur both formally (e.g. meetings, presentations and workshops) and informally (e.g. visits to the local villages). ESMU staff will consult the community before making any significant decisions relating to: changes to landform or drainage. Records will be kept of all consultation. Agreements will be written up and signed by relevant parties. For a comprehensive overview of all community consultation to date and proposed ongoing consultation mechanisms, please see the separate report, Public Disclosure and Consultation Plan WOMEN'S NEEDS Most programmes outlined in the SAP are designed to benefit women equally (or more than) men, directly and indirectly. By ensuring equitable participation in all training programmes, women in affected communities will gain greater access to knowledge and skills. Improved schools and Education Centre will mean a reduction in women's childcare burden. Literacy classes will be considered women as first priority. Savings and credit groups are often considered a feminine activity


40

in rural Lao. Training and salary for education centre for caregivers will also accrue to women of the community. Regardless, of the benefits women will enjoy from equitable participation in all SAP programmes, however, gender bias in local leadership and decision making will remain a significant barrier to women's advancement. Supported Self-Management) will be a significant step for improving women's participation in community leadership. In order to ensure lasting gains in women's local representation, the SAP also includes a women's leadership programme. Women from affected communities active in community development and/or administration (WU representative, interest group members, heads of savings and

XII. Implementation Schedule A detailed household survey and a first step on the consultations with affected villagers should be the first activities before implementation of SAP takes off. District administrations have been informed in the initial stage. Information on the Project was given to the villages prior to the household and village surveys. Affected households must be given as much notice as early as possible regarding compensation payment and therefore all planning activities will be initiated as soon as possible. All the necessary arrangement in respect of facilities and compensation for displacement and relocation must have been adequately taken care of before the actual construction of the dam can be implemented.


41

Implementation Schedule

Pre- Construction Operation Item/Year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Community Safety

Educational Program Compensation for paddy field and restoration

Emergency Respond

Agricultural Promotion Program

Fisheries study/outreach program (provisional)

Health centre (project employees & locals)

Monitoring and livelihood safeguard program

Post construction and resettlement environmental audits

Community Education (nominal amount)

Integrated Rural development Program


42

XIII. Summary and Cost of Action Plan The following table details the content of the recommended measures with information on responsibility distribution for the implementation and cost estimate. Table 13: Summary of Social Action Plan Measure

No. Actions Responsibility Costs and Funding (USD)

A. Site Related Problems Monitoring and control of

pollution/contamination from project works and operation of the terrace lands

EdL 50,000

Monitoring of the river fishery (1,000/year x 5 years)

Fishery Department, EdL

50,000

Sub-total 100,000 B. Compensation for lost of Paddy Field 1 Compensation for Lost of Paddy Field of 49

families# EdL, Compensation Committee

180,541

Sub-total 180,541C. Compensation property lost 2 Road and bright flooding around 1 KM

(Need to negotiate with Provincial/District Transport Post and Communication)

District TPC, Project proponent

Sub-total D. Restoration of Affected people 3 Rice compensation during the first 5 years (49

x 500 x 5) EdL, Compensation Committee

122,500

4 Transport for house moving of 3 families EdL, Compensation Committee

2,000

5 Support high yield production specie for cash crop and rice variety

DAFO, EdL 3,000

6 Marketing Promoted and price control DAFO, EdL 25,0007 Support technical assistant for agriculture and

livestock DAFO, Consultant, EdL 15,000

Sub-total 167,500E. Village Restoration 8 Rural electrification extensions, provision of

substations and distribution lines EdL, Contractors Negotiate with

EdL9 Build a new secondary school Contractor 30,00010 Improve health services both facilities and

human resources Health Department, Contractor, EdL

20,000

11 Develop a small scheme irrigation for promoting cash crop plantation

DAFO, Contractor, EdL 50,000

12 Expanse more land for future housing construction

EdL, Contractor 20,000

13 Village revolving fund helping local people to improve their livelihood

EdL, Compensation Committee

50,000

Sub-Total 170,000F. Estimation for Field work of Project Environmental Management Committee (PEMC)

Field Allowance PEMC/Project owner 8,500 Accommodation PEMC/Project owner 3,000 Transportation PEMC/Project owner 2,000 Petrol and Oil PEMC/Project owner 1,500 Sub-Total 15,000


43

No. Actions Responsibility Costs and Funding (USD)

G. Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Monthly, 3 months, 6 months and independent EDL’s EMO, WREA,

DOE 34,941

Sub-total 34,941H. Miscellaneous Damage/Nuisance Caused by any Project Work

throughout the Area (2,000/year x 5) 10,000

J. The Integrated Rural Development Program (A five years integrated Rural Development Program) 14 Commission consultants to prepare full and

explicit terms of reference for a consultant/contractor to bid for the integrated Rural development Programs

Consultants 15,000

15 Extension program (20,000/year x 10 years) Consultants/contractors 200,00016 Forest rehabilitation for watershed protection

(20,000/year x 10 years) Consultants/contractors 200,000

17 “Seed funding” for “self-help” village social development fund organization

Consultants/contractors 25,000

18 Development of village operated eco-tourism lodges and facilities and activities

Consultants/contractors 100,000

Sub-total 540,000Contingency 10% 119,559Grant Total: 1,338,041Note: # Money will change into cow/buffalo and wire fence (not directly money). -The total budget is not include the road construction and village electrification

XIV. Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Good practice in resettlement requires continuously incorporating the learning that takes place in programs using a variety of implementation strategies and institutional models, allowing the SAP to evolve as needed. Monitoring provides the mechanism by which to do this. Monitoring and evaluation of the SAP will occur as part of the overall Monitoring and Evaluation Plan. Participatory self-monitoring by affected people will be essential to accurate monitoring of the SAP as individuals own personal assessment of their community's health is the issue to be assessed. Qualitative monitoring should help to capture the following questions at minimum:

• Have any PAPs used the grievance redress procedures and What were the outcome • Have any intra-community conflicts been reported? How were they resolved? • Were special measures for ethnic minority peoples implemented? • What changes have taken place in key social and cultural parameters relating to

living standards? • What changes have occurred for vulnerable groups? • Are PAPs able to access schools, health services, cultural sites and activities? • What is the extent and quality of participation in community groups?

Monitoring Indicators The planning and implementation activities for EMP and SAP will be monitored to ensure that the process is carried out fairly and in accordance with the provisions of the plan. Two separate kinds of monitoring are envisioned:


44

• Monitoring of physical progress including reaching key benchmarks (acquisition of land, payment of compensation, construction measures

• Monitoring of non-physical performance - goal/outcome attainment on food security, incomes, health, education, social issues and capacity building.

Monitoring of physical progress will be carried out by the Project's staff under the direction of the Community Development Facilitator, as well as by the PDWC. Regular feedback on the social development process and progress will be provided to the affected residents through formal or informal meetings and discussions. The reporting schedule will be monthly, however, more or less frequent progress updates may be warranted depending on the level of activity and as the relocation date nears.

An independent third party monitoring shall be appointed by the project, will monitor non-physical performance. The third party will perform periodic reviews of the socioeconomic status of the affected households and watershed management plan, and will solicit feedback and comments from these households regarding the implementing process. A matrix of socio-economic indicators, mainly based on village wide statistics, will be collected as part of the monitoring; however, monitoring of individual households and comparison of their conditions to pre-project status will also be carried out. The consultants will provide a report to the Project management presenting their findings including any identified problems, community views and any recommended measures or improvements that could be made. The monitoring schedule will initially be set as twice a year and will continue for a minimum five years following the project construction and operation. The monitoring period will be extended if necessary until the adverse physical and environmental impacts are minimised or satisfactory mitigated. Specific measurement tools for determining equivalency will be set as part of the monitoring indicators. The methodology used to evaluate equivalency must incorporate a degree of flexibility or be able to adapt to unforeseen or unanticipated events, which are beyond the control of the Developer and which have negative impacts on the populations affected by resettlement. Such events could include drought, floods (or other acts of nature), or sickness. The monitoring agency must be able to recognise such circumstances, evaluate their effect on resettlement recovery process and develop alternative indicators for determining equivalency if necessary. Indicators based on the relation between the local circumstances and regional or national trends, such as farm plot sizes, production levels, Gross Domestic Product, household and personal incomes, purchasing power, should be considered by the monitoring consultants.


45

ANNEX 1: Concept of extension work

1.1. General General objectives of the extension work concerning the village land within the Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project are to enhance the capability of the local communities towards building up and sustainable management of the resources leading to more stable land use practices, intensification of present land use systems, improved living conditions and reduction of pressure towards the District as well as provincial levels. Extension in this sense can be understood as the process of sharing with and assisting rural people involved with natural resources to change their state of knowledge, skills, attitude and values so as to improve their quality of life and help them to become more self-reliant (HUNT, 1993). The extension concept takes the biophysical and socio-economical conditions of the project area into consideration and is based on joint decisions made by all involved stakeholders as a part of the participatory planning procedure. The concept reflects the national policy especially by referring to the Forestry Law (NA, 1996), the Afforestation and Sustainable Forest Management Program (MAF, 1997/2), the National Village Forestry Strategy (MAF, 1997/1), and the Instruction on Land and Forest Allocation for Management and Use (MAF, 1996/1). The provision of extension services is demand driven and promotes bottom-up approaches leading to self-help oriented management of the resources.

1.2. Institutional Settings and Responsibilities

The EdL and District Agriculture and Faculty Extension will focus its extension service on forest resources to improve the resource quality and long-term productivity and act as forestry agency by indirect intervention on village forest land through provision of extension and advisory services. Extension services concerning other land use systems will be carried out mainly by the District Agriculture and Forestry Extension Office (DAFEO) and cooperate with other institutions (e.g. NUOL, IRRI, NAFRI,) (see figure 2-1). This is deemed necessary; as extension has to be seen as an holistic approach involving all land uses to ensure success with the development of forest resources. Providing training for representatives of DAFEO and involving them into joint extension services improves their capacity and will increase their responsibility in providing extension services in the future.


46

F

O

R

E

S

T

R

A G R I C U L T U R E

Figure 1.2-1: Actors and responsibilities for extension services within the Nam Ngum

5 Hydropower Project

1.3. Fields and Means of Extension Participatory land use planning, agroforestry, on-farm and communal reforestation, communal natural forest management, livestock and capacity building of village organisation have been identified as key area for extension work (see Table 1.3-1). Table 1.3-1: Summary on extension fields

FIELDS OF EXTENSION DESCRIPTION

Land Use Planning Participatory planning approach leading to land use decisions and precondition for follow-up land use management extension

Agro-forestry Permanent agricultural land use system on degraded land, which is accessible, promises fast economical return, comprises agrisilvicultural, silvopastoral and agrosilvo-fishery systems

Farm forestry

Establishment of small scale plantations on degraded land for subsistence (e.g. fuelwood) and commercial purposes, promotion of multi-purpose systems, medium-term economic returns

Communal Reforestation

Establishment of plantations on village land by the village for village needs (incl. fuelwood) and commercial purposes, medium to long-term economical returns

Communal Natural Forest Management

Sustainable management of well stocked natural forest for household consumption and village needs in village production forest (NA,1996)

Capacity Building of Village Organizations

Strengthening the administrative capacity of the village concerning establishment and management of village funds (e.g. Village Revolving Fund, Village Development Fund)

Extension Service

DAFEO

NNg 5 Project NUOL, IRRI,

NAFRI, NAFES

RESEARCH


47

Means of extension comprise Training, Excursion, Hands-on Practice, and financial support for the establishment of demonstration areas, workshops and meetings as illustrated in Figure 1.3-1:

Figure 1.3-1: Means of extension

These means facilitate the dissemination of information and the knowledge transfer to the target group. Training will focus on key villagers and representatives of DAFEO and will be based on training needs. The emphasis is placed on on-the-job training and will provide the farmers with adequate practice-oriented knowledge and skills. Beside the transfer of knowledge, financial support for the establishment of demonstration areas for the different land use management options will be provided by the project owner. Workshops, cross-village visits and inter-village meetings will facilitate the exchange of experiences between the farmers.

1.4. The Model Farmer Approach The basic idea of this approach is to focus the extension on a few model farmers in the initial phase to establish demonstration areas, which provide practical examples for different land use technologies. Knowledge and skills will be initially acquired by key persons, which are able to transfer this knowledge to other farmers later (see Figure 1.4-1).

Farmers Meeting And Workshop

Hands on Practice

TrainingExcursion

Financial Support


48

Figure 1.4-1: Illustration of the Model Farmer Approach

A Technologies designed for the demonstration areas (e.g. use of tree and crop species) will be based on experiences available on national level and experiences for DAFEO. The development of technologies for further extension is based on iterative process comprising the initial establishment of demonstration areas; monitoring, research and evaluation (see Figure 1.4-2). Figure 1.4-2: Process of Technology Development The establishment of demonstration areas concerning different land use management systems are summarized in support schemes (see Tables 1.4-1 and 1.4-2).

M odelFarm er

Affected Village

Villages around Project

Villages outside Project

New Technique Application

Previous Experiences*

Demonstration Plots Monitoring Research

Evaluation


49

Table 1.4-1: Support schemes for the establishment of on-farm demonstration areas

AGRO-FORESTRY WOODLOTS LIVESTOCK Max. area size supported 15 ha 15 ha 15 families

Max. area size per family

2 ha 2 ha 1,500 USD

Legal precondition

Land Certificate/ Land Use Agreement



Financial support

Interest free loan, 70% of the investment costs for seedlings/ Insecticide/ Fertilizer/ Fencing/ Transport/ Fishery

Interest free loan, 100% of the investment costs for seedlings (or seeds and polybags)/ Insecticide/ Fertilizer/ Fencing/ Transport

Interest free loan, 100% of the investment costs for cow/buffalo and wire fence

Technical support

Advice/ training concerning design of agroforestry system, quality seedling procurement , establishment and maintenance of plantation, marketing

Advice/ training concerning species selection/ seed collection/ seedling production/ establishment and maintenance/ marketing

Advice/ training concerning prevention of health, disease of cattle. How to maintain pasture land, promotion of new grass species

Farmers contribution

30% of the initial investment, labour for establishment/ maintenance/ harvesting

Labour for establishment/ maintenance/ harvesting

Labour for taking care/

Modalities of refunding

After 5 years 70% of the investment costs will be paid into the Village Development Fund

100% of the investment costs have to be paid into the Village Development Fund - 50% after 5 years - 50% after 10 years

After 3 years 100% of the investment costs will be paid into the Village Development Fund

Enforcement of refunding

Village Coordination Board




50

Table 1.4-2: Support schemes for village forestry demonstration areas

REFORESTATION NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENTMax. area size financially supported 50 ha Approximately 100 ha

Legal precondition Land Certificate/ Land Use Agreement

Long-term lease/ Forest Management Agreement

Financial support

Interest free loan, 100% of the investment costs for seedlings (or seeds and polybags)/ Insecticide/ Fertilizer/ Fencing/ Transport

Incentives in form of free polybags, seeds, border demarcation signboards, Materials & equipment for planning

Technical support

Advice concerning species selection/ seed collection/ seedling production/ establishment and maintenance of plantation/ marketing

Allocation and demarcation of forests, Forest Management Agreement, Inventories, Forest Management Planning, Forest Management

Village contribution Labour for establishment/ maintenance of plantation/ harvesting

Labour for above mentioned activities

Modalities of refunding

100% of the investment costs to Village Coordination Board

No refunding

Enforcement of refunding

Joint committee -

1.5. Financial Support Strategy The project proponent will be supported an investment capital for the establishment of demonstration areas. Interest free loans are provided for on-farm reforestation and agroforestry areas and for communal reforestations. Incentives are provided for the promotion of the sustainable management of communal forests. Based on these schemes the loans for the investment concerning the on-farm demonstration areas have to be paid back by the farmers into the village development fund after fixed periods. In this way money will be accumulated within the villages in the village development funds. The money can be used partly for general village development activities according to a valid village development plan and for the creation of a village revolving fund used exclusively to prefinance further small scale agroforestry, reforestations and other activities related to forest resources development and protection. The use of this village revolving fund, in form of loans requested by farmers, has to be based on village-internal rules and regulations and appropriate loan repayment conditions. The support schemes for the establishment of demonstration areas will make the farmers familiar with loan schemes and accumulate money in the village. In a medium and long run farmers will have access to village-internal funds (see Figure 1.5-1)


51

Figure 1.5-1: Long-term financial support strategy

1.6. Village Organization The successful implementation and application of extension services require an adequate organizational set-up at the village level. Village Coordination Boards need to be set-up as a part of the existing Village Development Committees. The Village Coordination Boards are executive organs and are answerable to and elected by the Village Assembly, as highest decision-making legislative organ in the villages. It is the authorised link between the villages and the NG 5 project and comprises the village head, its two deputies and the village forest volunteer. The main duties concerning the village land are to organise and coordinate villagers concerning forestry related activities, support extension services and to administer the Village Revolving Fund. For the communal management of village production forests and communal rehabilitation of degraded land the Village Development Committee has to be adopted and extended by appointing additional forest volunteers or the formation of a village forestry core group (MAF, 1998/1). In a long-term perspective farmer groups can be created, after the increasing number of farmers involved in on-farm agroforestry and reforestation. Such farmer groups can be represented by a farmer group leader, who can be integrated into the Village Development Committee. The farmer group is a forum, which can be used for experience exchange and the organization of extension services.

Initial Loans for the Establishment ofDemonstration Areas

Refunding into Village Development Fund

Village Revolving Fund

Village Internal Loan for Farmers

Refunding into Village Development Fund


52

1.7. Activities

1.7.1. General Aspects The main extension activities should be covered the following tasks:

1) Land use planning on the village land. 2) Start with land use management extension/establishment of demonstration

areas. 3) Capacity building measures for villages’ organizations/mass organizations. 4) Continue with land use management extension.

1.7.2. Participatory Land Use Planning Participatory natural resource planning between the DAFEO, the villagers and governmental organizations are given high priority by the stakeholders and are fixed as one of the management strategies concerning the project. Land use planning and the following land use management extension services are a part of the eight stage process for LUP and Land Allocation (MAF, 1996/1; MAF, 1997/4) (see Table 1.7.2-1), with the objectives to reduce unsustainable use of natural resources (e.g. shifting cultivation), to promote permanent and sustainable management of forests and the rehabilitation of degraded forest land. Table 1.7.2-1: The Eight Stage Process of LUP and LA (MAF, 1996/1; MAF, 1997/3 & 4)

Stages Main Activities

Stage 1 Preparation for the implementation of LUP and LA activities: - training of staff/ preparation of materials - villager consultation

Stage 2 Village Boundary Survey, Land Use Zoning, Forest Surveys and Land Use Mapping

Stage 3 Data collection and analysis concerning land tenure, socio-economic conditions, needs

Stage 4 Village Land Use Planning and Land Allocation Meeting Stage 5 Agricultural Field Measurements

Stage 6 Preparation of Forest and Agricultural Agreements and transferring rights to villagers

Stage 7 Land Use Management Extension Stage 8 Monitoring and Evaluation

The planning and implementation of the land use planning procedure will be based on governmental regulations (MAF, 1996/1) and available experiences based on the Lao-Swedish Forestry Program (MAF, 1997/ 3 & 4).


53

1.7.3. Land Use Management Extension Land Use Management Extension is a follow-up extension activity, which is based on the land use decisions derived from the LUP procedure. It is integral part of the 8-stage approach for LUP and Land Allocation as stage 7. For each of the land use management extension options - Agroforestry, Farmers Woodlots, Communal Reforestation, and Communal Natural Forest Management and livestock - a sequence of activities is given in table 7.3.1 and 7.3.2, including training, excursions, establishment of demonstration areas and follow-up activities. Table 1.7.3-1: Sequence of Extension Activities concerning Agro-forestry, Farmers

Woodlots and Communal Reforestation

Extension Activities Means - Provide information on potential of agroforestry systems/ design/ marketing/ analyze farmer and community demands Meetings

- Assist in the allocation of suitable land for the establishment of demonstration areas* PRA

- Assist in securing the legal precondition for the establishment of demonstration areas – land certificates/ land use management agreement

Facilitate link to DAFEO

- Provide information and/ or training concerning establishment of agroforestry/ woodlots and communal reforestation demonstration areas

Meetings/ On-the job training

- Facilitate joint monitoring and evaluation of the establishment of the demonstration areas

Workshops/ excursion

- Provide information and/ or training concerning management and maintenance of agroforestry systems/ plantations and marketing of its products

Meetings, training, excursion

- Facilitate joint monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the demonstration areas

Workshops/ excursions

- Facilitate the dissemination of the results Meetings/ excursion

- Provide information concerning other sources for funding for the extension of the agroforestry systems and plantations Meetings

- Facilitate linkage between farmers and communities to other sources of funding Meetings

- Extension of agroforestry areas and plantation using own financial sources, village revolving funds or other external sources

Extension Research

* Carried out as a part of the Land Use Planning


54

Table 1.7.3-2: Sequence of Activities concerning Communal Management of Natural Forests

Extension Activities Means

- Provide information on possibilities of Natural Forest Management/ analyze village demands Meetings

- Assist in the allocation of natural forests for permanent management*

PRA

- Assist in forest resource inventory On-the job train. - Provide information/ training on demarcation of forests On-the job train. - Assist in the formation of an appropriate village organization Meetings - Assist in the establishment of growth plots Information - Assist in the drafting of management plan On-the job train. - Assist in securing the legal preconditions for the management of the concerned forest

Facilitate link to DAFO

- Provide training concerning annual planning and implementation (e.g. pre and post harvesting inventories, harvesting techniques)

Training/ On-the job training

* Carried out as a part of the Land Use Planning The comprehensive experiences concerning technical aspects with the communal management of natural forests in the Forest Management and Conservation Program (FOMACOP) (MAF, 1996/2; PHOUTHONE, 1997; MAF, 1998/ 1&2) can be used as a basis for extension services for the management of well stocked village production forests within the MIA.

1.7.4 Strengthening of Village Organization The strengthening of village organizations is a long-term process. It comprises the adjustment of the current village organization, the development of rules and regulations for village funds and training to enhance the capacity to manage funds and to organize village based reforestation and natural forest management. The strengthening of the technical capacity of the village organization are achieved through the land use planning and land use management extension services. In line with this training will be provided simultaneously with the land use management extension activities concerning the establishment and administration of village funds, in order to strengthen their administrative capacity.

1.8. Manpower and Budget Table 1.8-1: Extension related budget for Ban Chim Village

YEAR Activity UNITS COSTS/ UNIT

TOTAL COSTS

1. LUP -3-D models 1 500 500 -Village land use display boards 1 400 400 -Training course LUP/ Village level 1 1,500 1,5002.Agroforestry

Year 1

-Training course 1 1.500 1,500


55

-Establishment of demo areas 5 ha 1,500/ha 7,500 -Display boards for demo areas 5 20 100 -Excursion 1 1,500 1,500 -Compile manual Agroforestry Extension 1 500 5003.Farmer Woodlots -Training course 1 1.500 1,500 -Establishment of demo areas 5 ha 800 4,000 -Excursion 1 1,500 1,5004. Communal NFM -Training course 1 1.500 1,500 -Demarcation of permanent Nat. Forest 1village 1.000 1,000 -Forest resources Inventory/ Establish permanent regeneration & growth plots 1 village 1.000 1,000

-Excursion 1 2.500 2,5005. Livestock -Training course 1 1.500 1,500 -Excursion 1 1.500 1,500 -Establishment model farmer 5 families 1,500 7,5006. Training course capacity building/

village revolving fund 1 1.500 1,500

7. Monitoring of demo areas/model farmers

1 500 500

8. Miscellaneous materials Lump Lump 1,000Annual Total budget 40,000

2-5 yrs Total Budget for 5 years 200,000

1.9. Fields of Research The following research topics are proposed: • Fire wood and timber demand at village level • Participatory LUP using PRA techniques • Application of resource inventories on village level • Importance of NTFP’s products and use/ possibilities for domestication • Market analysis concerning products from small scale plantations • Farmers attitudes towards forests • Traditional system and indigenous knowledge concerning the utilization of natural

forests • Performance of different agroforestry systems • Farmers perception towards small scale plantation Tree based land use systems and land tenure • Shifting cultivation practices and possibilities for fallow improvement • Possibilities of the integration of NTFP’s into Agroforestry Systems • Land use changes within the project areas • Impact of project activities concerning socio-economic conditions within the project

area


56

Annex 2: Concept of Forest Rehabilitation for Watershed Protection and management

2.1. Management Concept and Strategies The objectives of forest rehabilitation attempts to maintain and protect the water resources in upper area of Nam Ngum 5 hydropower project The annual planning target was set at 10 ha. The management concept is based on the following considerations: Planning activities prior to plantation establishment By the end of the preceding year site assessment and survey works for the area to be planted in the following year should be concluded and analyzed, the planting area marked and the protected parts be delineated. Site preparation Controlled burning (WEINGART, 1999) is applied for site preparation, taking wind, time of the day, air humidity, protection strips and fire guards into consideration. Species selection The forest plantation will be established using indigenous species. Establishment and tending regime The establishment will be carried out under the “Taungya” system, i.e. the planting rows are intercropped, mainly with upland rice, by the contracted farmers. For organizational and accounting reasons the well proven schematic lay-out applied in the Species Trials is maintained. One to two hectare plots are assigned and contracted to one family. The contracts include site preparation, controlled burning, raking, staking, planting and weeding in the first year. Weeding Weeding including climber cutting follows the schedule given in table 2.2.1. Pest and disease control Insecticides against termite attacks applied in each planting hole. The scattered occurrence of caterpillars and grasshoppers might be treated with spraying of the affected trees. Pest and disease control need to be regularly performed in plantations, enrichment planting areas and especially holding grounds.

2.2. Activities The activities in reforestation follow a yearly pattern, which is defined by the pronounced dry and rainy season. This leads to the following schedule in plantation establishment (see Table 2.2-1)


57

Table 2.2-1: Annual Activity Schedule

Month (1st year) Month (2nd year) Activity J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N DReforestation contracts x Seedling contracts (nursery) x x

Site preparation, controlled burning x x x x

Establishment of holding grounds x x

Seedling transport x x

Planting x x Weeding, new plantation x x x

Weeding, old plantation x x x

Pest and fire control x x x x x x x x x x

2.3. Manpower and Budget Requirements The calculation of manpower and budget requirements is based on the following parameters (see Table 2.3-1). Table 2.3-1: Management schedule and annual manpower requirements

SPECIES GROUP ACTIVITY FAST GROWING SLOW GROWING

Plantation establishment

113 md 113 md

Tending of young plantations

3 weeding, year 1 & 2 60 md

2 weddings, year 3 40 md



Tending of older plantations

1 weeding, year 4 to 10 10 md

1 round, year 5 to 10 10 md

Every year, the plantation area is enlarged by another 10 hectares, which in the following year are included in the tending program. Thus the total area under operation increases annually with a peak in the year nine, when 10 ha are newly established and 140 ha will need tending.


58

Table 2.3-2: Unit costs for plantation operations

OPERATION COSTS (US$/ha) REMARKS Establishment (incl. weeding of 1st year) 963 Contract price

Fast-growing mixture

Slow-growing mixture

Tending of young plantations year 1 & 2

240 year 3

160

year 1 & 2 240

year 3 & 4 160

Tending of older plantations year 4 to 10

40

year 5 to 10 40

Thinning (1 round) 40 40 Table 2.3-3: Schedule of plantation establishment and tending (for 10 years)

Area size per year (ha) and number of tending Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Establishment of the fast-growing mixture

10 10 10 10 10

Establishment of the slow-growing mixture

10 10 10 10 10

Tending of the fast-growing mixture

- 10 x 3 20 x 3 20 x 310 x 2

20 x 320 x 2

20 x 320 x 210 x 1

10 x 3 20 x 2 20 x 1

20 x 2 30 x 1

10 x 240 x 1

50 x 1Tending of the slow-growing mixture

- -- -- -- -- 10 x 3 20 x 3 20 x 310 x 2

20 x 320 x 1

Total area under operation 10 40 70 90 110 120 130 140 150 140

Table 2.3-4: Total Labour and Budget Requirements for Tree Plantation

YEAR LABOUR REQUIREMENT (md)

TOTAL ANNUAL BUDGET (US$)

1 1,130 15,120 2 1,730 17,920 3 2,330 18,320 4 2,730 19,920 5 3,130 20,520 6 3,230 20,920 7 3,330 21,320 8 3,430 21,720 9 3,530 22,120

10 3,030 22,120 TOTAL 27.600 200,000


59

2.4. Fields of Research Research on plantation development should focus on the special features of mixed species plantations, i.e.: Growth and yield patterns Susceptibility to pest and diseases Compatibility of species Tending regimes

REFERENCES ADB (1999): Special Evaluation Study on the Social and Environmental Impacts of Selected

Hydropower Project. ADB (1997): Bindu N. Lohani, J. Werren Evans, Robert R. Everitt, Harvey Ludwig, Richard A.

Carpenter, Shih Liang Tu. Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia. Volume 2 – Case Studies.

AusAID, DANCED, UNEP (1996): Henry Wood, Melissa McDaniel and Katherine Warner.

Community Development and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity Throuch Community Forestry. Proceedings of an International Seminar held in Bangkok, Thailand, 1994.

AusAID, DANCED, UNEP (1996): Michael Victor. Income Generation Through Community

Forest. Proceedings of an International Seminar held in Bangkok, Thailand, 1995. ADB (2000): Strengthening Social and Environmental Management in Laos. Final Report

Volume 2-2 – Attachment. Manual of general economic principles for environmental management.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. GTZ (2003):

National Atlas of Lao People’s Democratic Republic. CD-Rom produced by GTZ. Evon, Tom D et al. (2001): A Field Guide to the Rattans of Lao PDR. Royal Botanical Garden.

Kew, England

FAO (1996): A Policy and Programme Framework for Socio-Economic Development of the Central Region of Laos, Agricultural Component, Bangkok, Thailand. FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.

IUCN (1997): Environmental and Social Action Plan for Nakai-Nam Theun Catchment & Corridor Areas, Volume 1: Management Strategy.

IEA Technical Report (2000): Hydropower and the Environment: Survey of the

environmental and social impacts and the effectiveness of mitigation measures in hydropower development. Volume I.

National center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of health (2003); 2002 surveillance

Annual report of 18 diseases.


60

Center for Maternal and child health, Ministry of health (2003): 2002 statistic report on Family planning, ARI and diarrhea cases.

Center for malaria , parasitology and Entomology , Ministry of health (2003): 2002 Statistic

report 1999-2002 HUNT, J. (1993): Extension. In: PANCEL, L.: Tropical Forestry Handbook, Volume II. Springer. Berlin/ Heidelberg/ New York. Kongkalda Chayamarit (1999): Flora of Thailand. Diamond printing, Bangkok, Thailand. WRI (1998): World Resources: A guide to the Global Environment, World Resources Institute,

Oxford University Press, New York. MAF (1996/1): Land and Forest Allocation for Management and Use. Instruction No. 0822.

MAF. Vientiane. MAF (1997/2): Sustainable Forest Management and Conservation in Lao P.D.R. – Vision 2020.

Vientiane. MAF (1997/3): Manual on Participatory Land Use Planning and Land Allocation. Lao-

Swedish Forestry Program, Land Use Planning Sub-program. Vientiane. MAF (1997/4): The Processes and Procedures for Participatory Land Use Planning and

Allocation. Technical Booklet 1. Lao-Swedish Forestry Program, Land Use Planning Sub-program. Vientiane.

MAF (1998/1): Training Course on Procedures for Registering Village Forestry Associations,

Approving Village Forest Management Plans and Signing Village Forest Management Contracts. Forest Management and Conservation Program. Savannakhet.

MAF (1998/2): The Preparation of Participatory Village Forest and Agricultural

LandManagement Agreements. Technical Booklet 2. Lao-Swedish Forestry Program, Land Use Planning Sub-program. Vientiane.

MCT, IUCN (2000): Bolikhamxay Province Environmental Inventory. Prepared by Ministry of

Communication, Transport, Post and Construction –Laos.

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos (2000): Operational Plan for the Environmental and Social Management of the Nakai Nam Theun 2 Watershed and NBCA. May.

NA (1996): The Forestry Law. No. 01/96, 11/10/96. National Assembly. Vientiane. National committee for the control of AIDS Bureau, Ministry of health (2003) :statistic

reports on HIV case (as of June 2003)

PHOUTHONE, S.; BONITA, M. (1997): Participation of Villagers in Forest Land Allocation and Management through Village Forestry. Forest Management and Conservation Program. Savannakhet.


61

State planning committee and national statistical center, Ministry of health (2001) : Health status of the people in Lao PDR.

UNDP, 1997. Resettlement and Social Characteristics of New Villages – Basic Needs for Resettled Communities in the Lao PDR, Vientiane, (Volumes 1 and 2).

WCD, 2000. Certainty and Uncertainty in the Science of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydroelectric Reservoirs – Report on the state of art for the World Commission on Dams, Final Report.

World Bank (1989): Hans Gregersen, Sydney Draper, Dieter Elz “People and Trees”. The

Role of Social Forestry in Sustainable Development, Economic Development Institute of the World Bank.

World Bank (1989): Hans Gregersen, Sydney Draper, Dieter Elz “People and Trees”. The

Role of Social Forestry in Sustainable Development, Economic Development Institute of the World Bank.

Documents

NAM NGUM 5 HYDROPOWER PROJECT€¦ · The Nam Ngum 5 Hydropower Project is one of the six of the hydroelectricity projects in the Nam Ngum river networks. It will be located on the