Nam Hoa Kinh

7/24/2019 Nam Hoa Kinh

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NAM HOA KINH

Cc sch ch gii Trang T:Trang hc rt thnh vi Ngy Tn (220- 316) , cho nn sch vch gii Trang tca thiy cng rt nhiu.

Hng- T tl T- k(221- 300) , ngi i Ngy Tn c ch gii Trang t, tuy trc ngcng c cchc nh ch gii, nhng u l thin bc khng nm c yu ch, khng xinminh ni ci hc ca Trang Chu. Tn Th cho rng chc Hng- T l ngi u tinthng c chhuyn- chca Trang hc.

Nhng ng chch gii n thin Thu- Thy v Ch- Lc th cht. Vsau, n i Hu- thc Quch- Tng (1) cn cvo ch gii ca Hng- T m din gii rng thm ra. Bi vyvsau ngi ta thy hai bn Hng- t v Quch- Tng ngha- k tng ng nh ca mtngi vit ra vy.Cn bn c- nht ca T- M- Bu (khong gia nh Tn (221) (trc G. S) , lun cbn chgii ca Thi- Tuyn th hin thi mt c. Qua thi Nam Bc- Triu cc nh ch gii Trangcng ng, nhng chcn li bn ca Quch- Tng l cnht thi. Ngy nay sd ngi ta

c thy c mt vi du vt ca cc nh ch gii trn y, l nhsch ca Lc- c- Minhi ng. Trong bi T- Lc ca Thch- Vn, Lc- c- Minh cho bit rng T- M- Buc ch gii 21 quyn, 52 thin, cn Thi- Tuyn th ch 10 quyn, 27 thin, Hng- t ch 20quyn, 26 thin, Quch- tng th ch 33 quyn, 33 thin.Cc nh ch gii vsau rt nhiu, nhng mt sng thin vph bnh vn chng hn l ttng. i khi nh i nh Minh c Chu- c- Chi trong Nam- Hoa Thng-Ngha; iThanh c Ng- th- thng trong Trang tgii; Tn- Gia- Cm trong Nam- Hoa- Thng;Lm- ty- Trng trong Trang tNhn; Lc- Th- Chi trong Trang tTuyt u l nhngtay snh vvn chng c. V vy, rt tic l cc li ph bnh ca cc nh y, yu trng ni sthng thc cc cu vn, nhng vphn t tng li khng pht minh c iu g mi lc,cho nn phn t tng ca hrt l lon- chc, rm- r, mti khng pht huy c ci

yu- chi huyn- diu vphn t tng ca Trang Chu.Hoc hl cc hc githin vThn- tin phi, hghp Trang tvo ci hc Trng- sinhcu th. Nh ChB- T, trong bNam- Hoa Chn- Kinh Ngha- Hi- Son- Vi, tn Trang tl Nam- Hoa Lo tin.i Tng, c Bch- H- T, i Minh c La- Min- o u ly theo in cca Thn- tin

phi m gii Trang t.V ly Thn- tin hc m gii Trang tl phn rt ng. Chnh ngi vit vTrang tycng gp nhiu vn hu hoc hc githeo phi Thn- tin ci nho v cho l cha thuo c ngha huyn diu ca Trang tv khng bit ththeo Thn- tin o- th (caTrng- o- Lng v nht l Bo- Phc- t) ging gii Trang t.Cng c nhiu nh ch gii thin vNho hoc Pht, ly t tng ca Nho- hc hoc Pht- hcm ging Trang tna. Nh i Tng c Lm- Hi- Dt, i Thanh c Lc- Th- Chi, Lu-Hng- in cho Trang tl mn ca Khng.i ng- Hn, c Ch- n, Tu- Lm, Tu- Vin cng rt snh Lo Trang, nn dng cihc y m lm sng thm cho Pht- hc. Qua i ng c Thnh- Huyn- Anh; i Minh cLc- Ty- Tinh, Thch- c thaNgha; i Thanh c Trng- Th- Lc v gn y cChng- Thi- Vim u ly Pht- in m gii Trang t.Trang tl ngi vn hc hon ton. Kim- Thnh- Thn sp ng vo hng" nht ti t"tng cng khng phi l qu ng.Lun vng, T- M- Thin c ni:" Sch Trang tc hn mi vn ch, i u l ngngn Vn ng kho vit, li lthlp, chvic, ttnh bi bc Nho Mc. Tuy ngthi, nhng bc tc- hc uyn thm cng khng sao ci gly mnh cho ni. Li vn cang th phngtng mnh mng, chcu ly thch ch m thi. Cho nn tcc bc vngcng u khng ai bit c ni ng l hng ngi thno" (S- K) .


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Ti ng, Tng vsau, cc bc i vn ho nh Hn- D, Liu- Tn- Nguyn, T-Thc u sng bi ca tng khng ngt. Sch Trang t, vphng din vn hc, l mt ngvn kit tc.Trang tl ngi bit hm dng chn- thn rt l y , cho nn kh phch ngang tng

phng- dt. Vn ng rt hn nhin nh hi my trong ni bay ra, nh nc trong ngun

chy Bn vmt lcao siu tuyt- ch, c thcm m khng thni ra c bng nhngli ni thng thng nhnguyn, cho nn ng phi dng n" ngngn" ri mn" trng-ngn" m lm cho sng tthm. Trong stch tuy c tht m cu chuyn githc llng. l cch dng cthm gii thch tru tng. Khi li dng n" chi- ngn", tc l butming ni ra, bt kl ng hay khng vi lch s. Cho nn vn chng ca ng huyn thcm h nh lo mun mu. Tht l rt khc xa vi vn- tca" bch- gia ch- t".

NAM HOA KINH - C SUNG PH :

C SUNG PHA. Lhu ngt giVng i, tng chi du gi, dTrng Ni tng nhc.Thng qu vn Trng Ni vit: "Vng i ngt d, tng chi du gidphu ttrung

phn L. Lp bt gio, ta bt ngh, h nhi vng, thc nhi quy; chu bt ngn chi gio, vhnh nhi tm thnh gida? Thh nhn d?"Trng Ni vit: "Phu t, thnh nhn d. Khu d trc hu nhi vvng nh! Khu tng d vis, nhi hung bt nhc Khu gih! HgiLquc, Khu tng dn thin hnhi dtngchi."Thng qu vit: "Bngt gid, nhi Vng tin sinh, kddung dic vin h! Nhc nhingi, kdng tm d, c nhc chi h?"Trng Ni vit: "tsinh dic i h, nhi bt c dchi bin, tuy thin a phc try, dic tng

bt dchi di. Thm hv gi, nhi bt dvt thin, mng vt chi hoa, nhi thktng d."Thng Qu vit: "H vd?"

Trng Ni vit: "Tkdgithchim can m SVit d; tkng githchi, vn vt giainht d. Ph nhc nhin gi, thbt tri nh mc chi snghi[ii], nhi du tm hc[iii] chiha. Vt thksnht nhi bt kin kstng, thtng ktc, do di thd."Thng Qu vit: "Bvk, d ktri[iv] c ktm, d ktm, c kthng tm[v], vt hvi ti[vi] chi tai?"Trng Ni vit: "Nhn mc gim lu thy, nhi gim chthy, duy nng ch, nng chchngch[vii]. Thmng a, duy tng b c d ti. ng hthanh thanh, thmng thin, duyThun lc d chnh. Hnh nng chnh sinh[viii], d chnh chng sinh. Ph bo thy chi trng,

bt cchi thc; dng s nht nhn, hng nhp cu qun, tng cu danh nhi nng tyu gi,nhi do nhc th; nhi hung quan thin a, phvn vt, trc nglc hi, tng nh mc, nhttri chi stri, nhi tm vthng tgih? Bthtrch nht nhi ng gi, nhn tc tng thd;

bthh khng d vt vi sh[ix]?"DCH NGHA:C SUNG PHA. Nc L, c ngi ct chn, tn l Vng i. Sngi theo hc ngang vi Trng Ni.Thng Qu hi Trng Ni: "Vng i l kct chn, li cng Thy chia hai hc tr ncL. Ngi y, ng th khng dy iu chi; ngi th khng nghlun vic g. Thm, ngihc n th khng c g c, m khi ra vthy mnh y . Vy th, c li dy m khng cnn li, mc nhin m cm ha c lng ngi hay sao? Ngi y l ngi g vy?NhnTrng Ni p: "Phu tl bc Thnh nhn y! Khu ny i sau, cha ththeo kp . Khucn mun tn lm Thy, hung hl nhng kkhng bng Khu! Ni chi l mt nc L.Khu ny cn mun dn cthin hm cng theo ."

Thng Qu ni: " l kct chn, vy m c Phu tgi l bc Thy hVng, ttnhin ngi y phi c ci g khc xa vi ktm thng! Nh vy th, ring ng ta s


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dng ci tm nh thno?Trng Ni p: "Cht sng l vic ln cn khng lm cho bin i; Tri t d sp ,cng khng lm cho sao ng. Xt r Tnh Mng, m khng cho vt ngoi di i.Khin vt ha sinh, m gily phn chca vt ha.Thng Qu ni: "Nh thngha l g?"

Trng Ni p: "C hai cch nhn thc svt, nu ng chkhc bit nhau m xem,th d nhgan vi mt cngthy cch nhau xa nh Svi Vit; nhng, nu ng chng nhau mxem, th sthy vn vt u l Mt c. V nu c nh vy (tc l bit ng chng nhaum xem vn vt) th u cn g n snhn thc ca tai mt na m cho lng mnh rongchi ni ch"ha" ca c. V vy m coi smt mt chn ca mnh nh mt hn t bnh ri thi!"Thng Qu ni: "Ngi ta, khng ai li soi mnh ln nc chy, m soi mnh ln ncng. Chc ci "lng ng" mi dng li c ci lng mong lng ng ca ngi ngi.Cng thMng ni t m ring chc cy tng cy bch l lun lun tn ti: mt mu xanhxanh, bt cma no, ma hhay ma ng. Cng thMng ni Tri m ring chc ngThun l gic ci Chnh ca mnh. Cm u thin hm chnh c ci Tnh ca mnh,

th chnh c mi ngi. Hng ngi m gic Bn Tnh, th bn ngoi rt im tnh,chng bit sg c, nh ngi dng s mt mnh xng vo chn vng qun. V hiu danh mhcn dm lm vic y, hung hhng ngi chc Tri t, cha c vn vt th ivi ci thn ny chng qua l gi vo su hi, nng vo tai mt, cn shiu bit ca hth

bao la m ci tm ca hcha tng c cht? Con ngi y chn ngy trt bci gi.Ngi ta tchy theo y thi, chtngi y u c chu em mnh m phng scho thinh?"***B. Thn Gia ngt gid, nhi dTrnh TSn[x] ng s B Hn V Nhn. TSn vThn Gia vit: "Ng tin xut, tc tch, ttin xut tc ng ch."Minh nht hu dhp ng ng tch nhi ta. Tsn vThn Gia vit: "Ng tin xut,tc tch, ttin xut, tc ng ch. Kim ng tng xut, tkhd chh? Kvda? Thtkin chp chnh nhi bt vi, ttchp chnh h?"Thn Gia vit: "Tin sinh chi mn chu chp chnh yn nh thtai? Tnhi duyt tchichp chnh nhi hu nhn gid!Vn chi vit: "Gim minh tc trn cu bt ch, chtc bt minh d. Cu dhin nhn xtcv qu. Tkim chi sthi gi, tin sinh d, nhi do xut ngn nhc thbt dic qu h?"TSn vit: "Tk nhc thh, do dNghiu tranh thin, ktchi c, bt tc d tphnda?"Thn Gia vit: "Ttrng kqu d bt ng vong gichng ; bt trng kqu d btng tn giqu. Tri bt khni h nhi an chi nhc mng, duy hu c ginng chi. Du

Ngh[xi] chi cc trung, trung ng gi, trung a d, nhin nhi bt trng gi, Mng d. Nhnd kton tc tiu ng bt ton tc gi, chng h. Ng pht nhin nhi n, nhi thch tin sinhchi s, tc phnhin nhi phn bt tri tin sinh chi ty ng d thin da? Ng dphu tdu thpcu thin h, nhi vthng tri ng ngt gid. Kim tng du hnh hi chi ni, nhi tschng hnh hi chi ngoi, bt dic qu h?"TSn thc nhin ci dung canh mo, vit: "Tv ni xng."DCH NGHA:B. Thn Gia l ngi ct chn, cng vi TSn nc Trnh ng hc vi B Hn V

Nhn. TSn bo vi Thn Gia: "Ta ra trc th ngi li. Ngi ra trc th ta li."Ngy hm sau, li cng mt chhc, cng ngi mt chiu. TSn bo vi Thn Gia: "Tara trc th ngi li. Ngi ra trc th ta li. Nay ta sp i ra, vy ngi c thli

chng, hay l cha c thc? Vngi thy kcm chnh quyn sao khng bit trnh quamt bn? Ngi ngang hng vi kcm chnh quyn ?


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Thn Gia ni: "ca Thy y sao li c kgi l cm chnh quyn? Ngi thch th vici vic cm chnh quyn ca ngi m xem mi ngi u ng sau ngi c! Ta nghe thyni rng: Gng sng l v bi bm khng vng, bi bm m vng ln th mt gng slum! lu vi bc hin gith t khng li lm. Nay ngi trong ca Thy cu hc cii thc, thsao li cn tht ra c nhng li nh vy, h chng cng lm li hay sao?

TSn ni: "Ngi l ngi (tn tt) nh th, sao li cn mong cng vi Nghiu m tranhthn hay sao? Kvc ca ngi, khng m xt li mnh ?Thn Gia ni: "Tche y li ca mnh, cho l khng ng bhnh cht chn, th nhiu!Khng che y li ca mnh, cho l khng ng cn chn,th t. Bit l khng thlm thnokhc c m yn lng chu n v cho l smng, th chc ngi c c mi c thlmni. ngay trung tm ln tn ca Nghm li thot khi btn, l Mng vy. Nhng kcy mnh c hai chn chnho ngi khng hai chn nh ta, th nhiu lm! Ta nghcng tc gin, nhng khi n hc vi thy th li bng khung m trv, khng r thy em ci hay g m ra ry c lng ta? Ta cng thy mi chn nm thm thy chathng thy ta l a ct chn! Nay ngi chi vi ta chbn trong ca hnh hi, m ngili cn kht khe vi ci hnh hi bn ngoi ca ta, chng cng lm li hay sao?"

TSn y ny, i sc mt m ni: "Thi, ng ni n chuyn y na!"***C. Lhu ngt giThc Sn V Ch, chng kin Trng Ni. Trng Ni vit:"Tbt cn tin, k phm han nhc thh, tuy kim lai h cp h!"V Chvit: "Ng duy bt tri vnhi khinh dng ng thn, ng thd vong tc. Kim ng lai d,do hu tn tc gitn. Ng thd vton chi d. Ph thin v bt ph, a v bt ti, ng d

phu tvi thin a; an tri phu tchi do nhc thd!"Khng- tvit: "Khu tc lu h! Phu thbt nhp h? Thnh ging d svn."V Chxut. Khng- tvit:"tmin chi! Ph V Chngt gid, do vhc d phc btin hnh chi c, nhi hungton c chi nhn h?"V ChngLo am vit: "Khng- Khu chi ch nhn, kvda? Bh tn tn d hc tvi!Bthkd xc qu[xii] huyn qui chi danh vn, bt tri ch nhn chi d thvi kcht ccda?"Lo am vit:"Hbt trc sbd tsinh vi nht iu, d khbt khvi nht qun gi, gii kcht cc, kkhh?"V Chvit:"Thin hnh chi, an khgii."DCH NGHA:C. Nc L, c ngi ct chn, tn l Thc Sn V Ch, khp khnh n ra mt Trng Ni.

Trng Ni ni:Ngi trc y khng cn thn nn phi btai ha nh th, nay d c n y cng khngsao kp na!V Chni: "Ti v khng bit vic nn khinh dng tm thn ny m phi bmt ht mtchn. Nay ti n y, cn li c mt chn qu ny, thi ti mong gicho n vn ton. Tri,khng g l khng che; tm khng g l khng ch, ti mong xem phu tnh Tri t. Nongphu tli i xvi ti nh th!"Khng- tni: "Khu ny quhp hi! Sao ng khng vo trong chi, ti xin em nhng g nghe c m ging cho ng nghe!"V Chra i. Khng- tni:Cc thy cgng ln! Ka nh V Chl kct chn m cn mong hc b li ci vic

lm sai lm bui trc, hung chi km c vn cn vn tan!V Chni chuyn vi Lo am:


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Khng- Khu hnh nh cha phi l bc ch nhn! ng ta dy lm g m ng hc tr th?ng li cn mong c tm ting vnhng ci hc kdhuyn hoc, vy chng khng bitrng i vi bc ch nhn, tan l nhng gng cm cho mnh ?Lo am ni:Sao ng khng bo thng cho ng ta bit rng Sng v Cht u l cng mt l, nn v chng

nn u cng l mt vic, hu mgng cm cho ng ta c c khng?V Chni:Tri hnh ti ng ta, gra sao c!***D. LAi Cng vn Trng Ni vit: "Vhu c nhn yn, vit Ai i , trng phu dchixgi, t nhi bt nng khd, phnhn kin chi, thnh phmu, vit: "dnhn vi th, ninhvi phu tthip gi, sthp nhi vchd. vthng hu vn kxng gid, thng ha nhnnhi d h. V qun tchi v, d thnhn chi t, v tlc d vng nhn chi phc, hu d chi thin h, ha nhi bt xng, tri bt xut h, tvc, thnhi th hng hp htin, thtthu dhnhn gid. Qunhn triu nhi quan chi, qud c hi thin h, dQunhn x,

bt ch d ngot s, nhi Qunhn hu hkvi nhn ; bt ch hc nin, nhi Qunhn tn

chi. Quc v t, nhi Qunhn truyn quc yn. Mun nhin nhi hu ng. Tnhc nhi t,qunhn x htt thchi quc, v kh d, khQunhn nhi hnh. Qunhn tut yn,nhc hu vong d, nhc v dlc thquc d. Thh nhn gid?"Trng Ni vit:Khu d thng s Sh, thch kin n tthc ktmu gi; thiu yn, tun nhc giaikh chi nhi tu; bt kin kyn nh, bt c lon yn nh! Si kmu gi, phi i khnh d,i skhnh gid. Chin nhi tgi, knhn chi tng d, bt d sp t, tc gichi l, v vi ichi, giai v kbn h. Kim Ai i vngn nhi tn, v cng nhi thn, snhn thkquc,duy khng kbt thd, thtt ti ton nhi c bt hnh gid.Ai Cng vit: H vti ton?Trng Ni vit: Tsinh, tn vong, cng t, bn ph, hin dbt tiu, hy d, c kht hn th:thschi bin, mng chi hnh d. Nht dtng i htin, nhi tri bt nng quy hkthygid; cbt tc d hot ha, bt khnhp linh phschi ha d, thng nhi bt tht duyt; snht dv khc nhi dvt giai xun thtip nhi sinh thi tm gid, thchi vti tan.H vc bt hnh?Vit: "Bnh githy nh chi thnh d kkhd vi php d, ni bo chi nhi ngoi bt ng d.c githnh ha chi tu d, c bt hnh gi, vt bt nng ly d."Ai Cng dnht d co Mn tvit:"Thy d ng d nam din nhi qun thin h, chp dn chi k, nhi u kt, ng td vi chthng h. Kim ng vn ch nhn chi ngn khng ng v kthc, khinh dng ng thn, nhi

vong ng quc. Ng dKhng- Khu, phi qun thn d, c hu nhi d h."CH:Linh ph: chca tinh thn, m chci Tm ca mnh. ni nhng vn thuc vvicSng Cht, Cng Thng, Hin Ngu, Phi Quy chl nhng sbt thng, khng nn cho n lm in o syn tnh ca tm hn.Linh phng mt ngha vi linh i m Trang tthng dng Canh Tang Strong cu"Bt khni linh i". y Quch Tng gii chlinh i l m chci Tm.DCH NGHA:D. LAi Cng hi Trng Ni:

Nc Vc mt ngi xu x, tn l Ai i . n ng no vi n, nhkhng thbng. n b no thy n, vxin cha mrng: th lm vb ca n hn lm vln kkhc.

Sngi y c n mi my ri, thm cng cha ht. Cha thng nghe n xng ln g, chc ha theo ngi m thi. Khng c a vquyn thg cu ngi khi cht;


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khng c tin bc ca ci g nui ai no bng, li cn hnh th xu x thin hphi s.chc ha m khng c xng. Tr n khng ra ngoi bn vch ro lng. Thm ging cging ci li xm xt trc mt, y l ktt phi c ci g khc lhn ngi. Qunhn triun n xem, th qul hnh th xu x lm cho thin hu phi s. vi Qunhn khngy mt thng, m Qunhn n cch n ca n. Khng y mt nm, Qunhn tin

n. Nc khng c kcm quyn chnh, Qunhn giao vic nc cho n. N bun bun, th ra vchi tlm cho Qunhn hthn. Sau cng n nhn, nhng ri, khng bao lu li bQunhn m i. Qunhn bun bc nh mt mt vt g, nh khng cn c ngi cng vuinh trong nc na! Vy ngi y l ngi thno?"TrngNi ni: "Khu ny, tng sang sbn nc S. Thy n heo con ang b m, m mchng cht ri. Mt lc, chng ng ngc chy ttn cv chng thy mkhng nhn nchng na. Chng sd yu m, khng phi l yu ci xc kia, m yu ci sai khin xc kiaca mchng! Ra trn m cht, u cn phi yn nga bc thy. Cho kct chn giy dp,hu c a thch! Hu khng c gc! () Nay Ai i cha ni g m ngi li tin;khng cng g m ngi li thn, khin c ngi mun trao cho quc chnh m li khng chunhn, nh vy t phi l kton c ci Ti, v khng lra ci c."

Ai Cng ni: Sao gi l "tan c ci Ti"?Trng Ni ni: "Sng Cht, Cn Mt, Cng t, Giu Ngho, Hin v Bt Tiu, Khen Ch,

Nng Lnh l nhng ci bin ca svt, ci chuyn ca Mng (cng nh) ngy m thayphin tip ni nhau trc mt ta m tr thng minh ca con ngi cng khng sao nhn thyc chkhi u. Nh vy, u c ng g cho n lt vo "linh ph", lm lon lngmnh. Ngay cshn hoan vui mng cng ng cho lng mnh dy ng. i vi tt cmi vic, ha nh vui ti nh tip n bn ma gi l "ton c ci TiThin.Thno l c khng lra?L bnh thn nh mt nc ng im lm, c thly lm khun php: bn trong gictht trong sng m bn ngoi nh bt ng khng bli cun theo ngoi vt. c l thnhc vic mnh m vn gic sha vi mi ngi. c khng lra nn mi vt khngthri bc mnh[xiii].***Ai Cng ngy khc ni chuyn vi Mn t:Trc kia ti cho vic day mt vpha Nam lm vua thin h, cm quyn trdn, lo chochng c an ninh, ti tcho c nh thl thng t lm ri. Nhng tkhi nghe bc chnhn ni[xiv], ti skhng c thc ti, khinh dng thn mnh m lm mt cnc. Ty,ti v Khng- Khu skhng cn phi l o vua ti na, m l bn vi nhau vo c mthi vy.***E. Nhn kChi Ly V Thn thuyt VLinh Cng. Linh Cng duyt chi nhi thton nhn, k

u kin kin.ng nh i Anh thuyt THon Cng. Hon Cng duyt chi, nhi thton nhn, ku kinkin.Cc hu strng nhi hnh hu svong; nhn bt vong ksvong, nhi vong ksbtvong thvthnh vong[xv]. Cthnh nhn hu sdu[xvi] nhi tr vi nghit[xvii], c vi giaoc vi n, cng vi thng. Thnh nhn bt mu, dng tr? Bt trc dng giao? V tng, dng c? Bt ha, dng thng? Tgi, Thin Dc[xviii] d, Thin Dc d gi, thin thcd. K ththc thin, hu dng nhn? Hu nhn chi hnh, v nhn chi tnh. Hu nhn chihnh, cqun nhn; v nhn chi tnh, cthphi bt c thn. Diu htiu tai, sd thuc nhn d, ngao hi tai, c thnh kthin.DCH NGHA:

E. Chi Ly V Thn vo thuyt VLinh Cng. Linh Cng a thch n i nhn li nhng kthn hnh ton vn u c ci cb nhkhng khiu!


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ng nh i Anh vo thuyt THon Cng. Hon Cng a thch n i nhn li nhng kthn hnh ton vn u c ci cb nhkhng khiu![xix]Cho nn c m hn ngi c thlm cho qun hn c hnh hi. Ngi ta (tri li) khng

bit qun ci nn qun (hnh hi) m li hay qun ci khng nn qun (c), mi l thtqun. Bi vy, Thnh nhn c chm tli[xx]; hiu rng Tr l mm ca ti c[xxi] th

c l keo sn, c[xxii] l ni tip, cng l bun bn. Thnh nhn khng mu tnh, th dngchi n Tr? Khng o gt th dng chi n keo? Khng mt tnh th dng chi n c?Khng bn chc th dng chi n bun? Bn ci l "Tri nui". Tri nui, tc l tri chohp th(ci mn n ca tri). c Tri nui, cn g dng n nhn to na! Thnh nhnc ci hnh ca ngi m khng c ci tnh ca ngi. C ci hnh ca ngi nn mi cungmt n vi ngi. Khng c tnh ca ngi, nn thphi mi khng ng c lng. Cngmt nvi ngi l vic nh, m ring cng lm mt vi Tri l vic ln vy!G. HutvTrang tvit:"Nhn cv tnh h?"Trang tvit: Nhin!Hutvit: Nhn nhi v tnh, h d vchi nhn?

Trang tvit: o dchi mo, thin dchi hnh, c bt vchi nhn?Hu- tvit: K vchi nhn c v tnh?Trang tvit: thphi ng svtnh d, ng svv tnh gi, ngn nhn chi bt d ho c nithng kthn, thng nhn tnhin nhi bt ch sinh d.Hu- tvit: Bt ch sinh[xxiii], h d hu kthn?Trang tvit: o dchi mo thin dchi hnh, v d ho c ni thng kthn. Kim tngoi htchi thn, lao htchi tinh, thnhi ngm, cco ng nhi minh, thin tuyn tchi hnh, td kin bch[xxiv] minh.DCH NGHA:G. Hu- tgi Trang t, bo:

Ngi ta khng c tnh hay sao?Trang tni:Phi!Hu- tni:

Ngi m khng c tnh, th ly g gi l ngi c?Trang tni:o ban cho n dung mo, Tri ban cho n hnh hi, sao khng gi l ngi?Hu- tni: gi l ngi, m khng c tnh, c khng?Trang tni: khng phi l ci m ti gi l Tnh u? Chm ti gi l khng tnh, chnh l chti

mun ni rng con ngi, bn trong, ng cho ci tnh cm yu ght lm hi n thn,thng nn theo ltnhin m ng thm g cho thin tnh.Hu- tni:Khng thm cho thin tnh, sao c c thn?Trang tni:o cho n dung mo, tri cho n hnh hi bn trong, khng cho sa ght lm hi thn.

Nay ng vci bn ngoi ca thn minh ca ng, hao tn tinh lc ca ng, ngi da ctm ngm vang, bm vo gc ng cn, nhm mt lm thinh! Tri chon cho ng mt cihnh hi ny, em chi thuyt "kin bch" m nhc thn.TNG BNH:Thin c Sung Ph l m gii ci ngha ca thuyt "bt ngn chi gio" ca Lo t.

Thuyt ny gc chng thII ca sch o c Kinh: "Thd Thnh nhn, xv vi chi s,hnh bt ngn chi gio" (Thnh nhn dng "v vi" m xs, dng "bt ngn" m dy d).


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Sd Trang t, cng nh Lo t, chtrng thuyt "bt ngn" l cn cvo ba im ny:o m ni ra c, khng cn phi l o thng na. Ngha l o l mt lsiu hnh,khng thdng li ni m truyn dy c.c m y ni trong th ngi ha ni ngoi, tnhin cm ha c chung quanh, khngi dng n li mi dy dc.

Nhn theo tnhin m khng cn phi ni mi l dy.***1. Bc thnh nhn khng dng li ni m dy ngi, l v bn vlo, tc l "ci iu chc thcm m khng thni" khng sao c thc, nht l phi dng n li ni ca giitng i nhnguyn.Cho nn Lo tmi ni: "Tri gibt ngn, ngn gibt tri" (bit, th khng ni; ni, l khng

bit), l v "o kho, phi thng o". Kno tcho l hiu o v em ci o ym dy ta, l kdi ta, nu khng phi htdi vi lng.Thin Tr Bc Du gii an ny c ni: "Tr i chi phng Bc, ti Huyn- Thy, ln ni -Phn, gp V- Vi- V.Tr gi V- Vi- V, bo:" Ti mun hi ng t iu. Ngh lm sao, lo lm sao m bit c

o? Da vo u, lm cch no m hiu c o? Theo u v i ng no m tm co?"Hi ba li, V- Vi- Vkhng p. Chng phi khng p, m l khng bit phi p lm sao.Hi khng c, Tr trli Bch- Thy, phng Nam, ln ni H- Quyt, gp Cung-Khut. Tr cng em ba cu hi trc, hi Cung- Khut.Cung- Khut ni:" ! Ti bit, ti ni cho." Nhng, va mun ni, th li qun mt chmnh mun ni.Tr khng hi ai c, bn trli - cung ra mt Hong- hi:Hong- ni: "khng ngh, khng lo mi bit o. Khng da vo u, khng lm g mi ro. Khng theo u, khng i ng no cmi c o."Tr hi Hong- :" Ti cng ng bit o chng? Cn hai ngi kia khng bit o chng?Ai phi?"Hong- ni:" V- Vi- Vmi tht l phi. Cung- Khut cng ging nh V- Vi- V. Rtli, chc ta v ngi l khng gn o m thi. V, kbit th khng ni, kni l khng

bit. Nn chi, bc Thnh- nhn mi thc hnh ci thuyt "bt ngn"!"y, o chng thni ra ng; ni ra ng chng phi cn l ci o "thng" na. Cho nnTrang tmi ni: "Khi o cng nh ngi p li u l nhng kkhng hiu o!"***2. Thnh nhn bit rng mi vt trong i u c ci "c" ca n, v phn sduy nht cami vt l phi bit gn gici "c" y ni mnh cho y , ngha l lo sng ci sng ymt cch trit v nui dng n c lun lun y ni trong. c m y bn trong

th tnhin ng hin ra ngoi, thin hnh m tha, u cn phi dng li ni m haai. Nn mi gi l "c sung ph", ngha l "c m y ni trong, th ngi ngoi nh m tha; tnhin cm ha, khng phi cn dng n li m dy."***"Ti nc L, c ngi ct chn, tn l Vng i. Sngi theo hc ngang vi Trng Ni."Thng Qu hi Trng Ni: Vng i l kct chn li cng vi thy chia hai hc tr ncL. Ngi y, ng th khng dy iu chi, ngi th khng nghlun vic g. Thm ngihc, n th khng c g c, m khi ra v, thy mnh y . Vy th, c li dy m khng cnn li, mc nhin m cm ha c lng ngi ?""Nc Vc mt ngi xu x, tn l Ai i . n ng no vi n, nhkhng thbng. n b no thy n, vxin cha mrng: th lm vb ca n hn lm vln kkhc

() Cha thng nghe n xng ln g, chc ha theo ngi thi". Thm LAi Cngphong cho n chc Tng Quc, n nhn ri tbm i, Ai Cng bun b n tthy khng


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lm sao an i c khi mt n.***Chi Ly V Thn, cng nh ng nh i Anh, ngi th qu chn, st mi, ngi th cbudhnh thm khin cho VLinh Cng v THon Cng a thch n ni nhn thy kthn hnh tan vn u xu x c.

Cho nn "c m hn ngi c thlm cho ta qun hn chnh hi xu x".Trn y, mt Vng i tn tt, khng ni g cm thin htha; mt Ai i hnh thxu xa, khng ni g cm thin hu qun ci xu x ca hnh th, thy rng c m ni trong th ngi shp vi mi ngi, u i cn phi nhiu li mi cm ha.***3. im thba ca thuyt "bt ngn chi gio" l cn cvo l tnhin.Thin Bin Mu gii rt r viu ny: "Thin hc vt thng tnhin nh vy! C vt tnhin cong, u cn phi dng n cu mc! C vt tnhin ngay, u cn phi dng n dymc! C vt tnhin trn, u cn phi dng n ci khuynh! C vt tnhin vung, u cn

phi dng n thc nch! Vn vt tnhin chng cht dnh lu nhau, u cn phi dng nkeo sn. Vn vt sng, u cn g phi bit v cg m sng; ng, cng khng cn bit v sao

m ng. Nguyn l ca ci sng v ci ng kia l vic chu, xa nay khng hai. N l cilut bt di bt dch. Vy th, v cg li i em nhng th"nhn, ngha, l, nhc" nhng sidy nhn to m tri buc thin h, khin cho thin hlm lc!" gi l lthng nhin, tc l ltnhin. Tnhin l ci lphi nh vy, v n phi nhvy, khng vy khng ng. [xxv] nhn theo ltnhin, th hy cho vn vt tnhinsng theo ci sng ca n, cn g phi dng n li ni m lm chi?---------------------------------------------------Vi nhn quang Nhnguyn, th ngay trong thn thca ta sthy cc tng phnh lnghch vi nhau c(nh nc Snc Vit cch bit nhau vy).[ii] Tc l qun mt cthanh sc thphi, mc[iii] (c chi ha), tc l "ha" ca o v c, tc l chm Lo Tgi "thng c btc" ci c siu vit ca o gm nm cthphi, thin c[iv] Ci "bit" y, l m ch"chn tr" (ci bit tht).[v] Tm thng: tc l ci tm thng- tr, bt bin ng vi o thng ni mnh. Ch"tm" trc, l m chci tm bt thng, cn vng ng ca mnh.[vi] Ch"ti" y c ngha l "t": hp li, tu li. ni, ti sao chng nhn li tu vtheong ta (Vng i).[vii] Khng ai li i cu hc ni mt km lng cn vng ng (no lon v ngoi vt). chc sim m h v l c tnh ca bc thnh nhn sng gia sno ng khng dng cathin h, cng nh mi thcy ci u thmng ni t, thm chring c cy tng cybch th cnh l bn ma vn xanh ti khng thay i v n cn gic c tnh trng

xun ca n.[viii] Chchnh y, l chnh k.Chsinh y, nguyn l chTnh, hay l Bn Tnh (theo Quch Tng).[ix] Chng li vi t cch "khuyn d" ngi theo o ca phn ng cc tn gio.[x] TSn ang l Tng quc nc Trnh.[xi] Tn ca mt ngi xa c ti bn cung khng ai b kp.[xii] Xc qu: l kd[xiii] i l ni vc im m, khng cho ngoi vt ng c Tm mnh.[xiv] Tc l Khng- t(thay li Trang- tm ging vlo cho Ai Cng).[xv] Hnh th nn qun; m c, th khng nn qun.[xvi] Du: l rong chi trong ci h khng.

[xvii] Hoc vit l "yu nghit".[xviii] Ch"chc" y pht m ldc, tc l "nui dng".


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[xix] Chi Ly V Thn, l ngi c hnh thchia la nh qu chn v st mi (xu x, kd).ng nh i Anh, tc l ngi cbu dhnh. Nhn y m gi tn.Thch ci p bn trong, n qun csxu x ca hnh hi bn ngoi: l ci thch n tt.Trong Tnh sTrung Hoa c chp cu chuyn mt chng trai si tnh mt ngi n b mt

mt, by gitrong thin hanh ta nhn li tt cmi ngi n b khc trong nc u ctha mt mt c.[xx] Ngha en l "rong chi", m ngha bng, l tiu diu tc, cho ci tm ung dunglinh hot trong ci H V, tc l n ci "ton c" ri vy.[xxi] Nghit, tc l yu nghit, l ti c. T M bn rng: "Tr tusinh yu nghit"[xxii] c y, l m chlngha. So snh vi cu "i o ph, hu Nhn Ngha" (Lot..K)[xxiii] Sinh: y cng ngha vi chtinh.[xxiv] Kin bch: l thuyt bin lun ca Cng tn Long, tc l thuyt "bch m kin thch".Trang- tch Hu- thi khng bit thin dng thin chn, sut i bin lun tiu hao sinhlc trong nhng ci hc tranh bin v ch cho con ng gii thot.

[xxv] Bt c bt nhin.NAM HOA KINH - HC THUYT CA TRANG T:

IV. HC THUYT CA TRANG T:A. o v c:Trit hc ca Trang tcng vi Lo tc nhiu im khng ng, nhng rt ng vquannim o v c.Bn vo, sch Trang tthin Tr- Bc- Du c gii rt r rng:" ng- Quch- Thi Trang t:Ci gi l o u?Khng c chno l khng c N.Xin chra mi c!Trong con kin.Thp hn na!Trong cng c.Thp hn na!Trong ming snh v.Thp hn na!Trong cc phn.ng- Quch- Tkhng hi na.Trang tni:" Li hi ca ng, khng i n u c. N ging cch ngi gim thdng

trdng trgi heo: mi ln p trn lng heo l mi ln n mnh cng xung thm. ngng c chhn vo mt vt no c N, v khng c vt no l khng c N. o l th, mli ni cao ccng th. Nh ba ting ny:" u", " cng", " cthy" tuy danh tgi c khc,m tu trung u hm cng mt ."***o l Nguyn- L tuyt i sinh ra Tri t Vn- vt. Cho nn hc Vt, tc l c o,ngha l" khng c chno l khng c o".***Thin i- Tng- S ni:" Ka o th c tnh, c tin, khng lm, khng hin, c thnhnc m khng ththy c. o th tbn tcn, khi cha c Tri t vn tn ti txa. N lm ra cc ng thing ling qy thn, cng Thng ; N sinh ra Tri, t; N

trc Thi Cc m khng xem l cao, di lc- cc m chng thy l su; N sinh trcTri t m chng gi l lu, di hn Thng Cm chng gi l gi". (Ph o hu tnh,


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hu tn, v vi v hnh; khtruyn nhi bt khth, khc nhi bt khkin; tbn tcn, vhu thin a, tcd ctn; thn quthn , sinh thin sinh a, ti thi cc chi tin nhi btvi cao, ti lc cc nhi hchi bt vi thm, tin thin a sinh nhi bt vi cu, trng thng cnhi bt vi lo)o l Nguyn- l sinh ra Tri t Vn- Vt nn gi l" tbn tcn", ngha l tmnh l

gc, l rca mnh, chkhng phi do mt gc hay mt rno khc ngoi mnh to ra. ocng l" v thy v chung", " thng tn bt bin" v vn vt da vo m sinh sinh khngdng vy.***o, nh ta thy, biu- hin ni vn svn vt, bi vy, khng svt no l khng c citnh" tsinh", " ttrng", " thy", " tdit" ca n. Nh th, ta c thni rng s" tsinh, ttrng, thy, tdit" ca vn- svn vt chnh l nhng hnh ng" tvi, tha"ca mi svt trong i, m ta cng c thgi l" chtc- vi ca o" m khng sai, v"khng c vt no l khng c o" trong c. Hai ch" t- ha" ca Trang, chnh l thuyt"v- vi nhi v bt vi" ca Lo t.***

Cn quan nim vchc ca Trang tnh thno?Thin Thin- a c ni:" Thuthi- s ca Tri t th c ci V. Ci V y khng ctn, v l ni pht sinh ra ci Mt, nhng ci Mt y cng cha c hnh. Khi m vn vt"c ci Mt y (2) ci gi l c". " Thi s hu V, V hu V danh. Nht chi skhi,hu Nht nhi vhnh. Vt c d sinh, vchi c."Trong cu" thi s hu V", chV y l chvo. Cu" nht chi skhi" ca Trang t"V l chpht sinh ra ci Mt" th ng vi cu" o sinh Nht" ca Lo ttrong o- c-Kinh. Cn c tc l chm "vt c d sinh" (vt nhn c m sng) . Cho nn mi ni"c l ch" tc ca con ngi". " Tc" l tmnh c ca To Ha, ca T- nhin,ca o (3) . Hay ni mt cch khc: c l ci o biu hin ni mi ngi mi vt, lnhng nng khiu tnhin, khng vy khng c, ca mi svt trn i.o v c, tuy danh tdng gi c khc, nhng vn l mt. C k v o nh nc.

Nc l sng, bin, ao, h cng nh bu trn, ng thng, d c hnh thc ng tnh khcnhau, nhng u u cng l nc c.***B. Thuyt Thin- Qun:Trang t, trong thin T- Vt- Lun, dng hai chThin- Qun chci tc dng ca o,l c chcho ta thy n l mt thtrit hc bin ng ngha l" vn hnh bt tc"" Qun" l ci bnh xe quay trn m ngi thnung dng chto nhng vt c hnhtrn. Ch" Thin- Qun" li c chvit l c ni vsqun-bnh, ty ci bnh xe luchuyn, vng bn knh ca bnh xe bao gicng bng nhau, tnhin lun lun vn qun

bnh. thin Ng- Ngn c ni:" Vn vt u l mt ging c, khng cng hnh m thaynhau, trc sau nh nhng ci vng trn, khng thphn bit lun loi. Nn gi l Thin-qun. Thin- qun, l Thin- Ngh". " Vn vt giai chng d, d bt ng hnh tng thinthy tt nhc hon, mc c klun. ThvThin- qun. Thin- qun gi, Thin- Ngh d".Thin Thin a li ni:" Tri t tuy ln, m sbin ha u qun bnh c" (Thin a tuyi, kha qun d.)

Nh thth, Thin- qun ca Trang tl ni vsp i nhau ca cc ging vt m binha, " ng hnh" bin lm" bt ng hnh". Nhng u m li, ri si n u, thi saucng cng khng bit u l manh mi. Sbin ha ging nh ci bnh xe quay trn, nn gil Thin- qun.***

C. Thuyt Vn- Ha:Ctheo php y th sbin thin ca cc ging vt u khng c mc ch, khng c phng


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hng con ng ca vn svn vt l mt ci vng trn:" chu nhi phc thy", chkhng phi l mt con ng thng i n mt mc tiu no. Trang tkhng chtrngTin- ha, m chtrng Vn ha, hay l T-ha.Thin Thu- Thy ni:" Vn- vt sinh ra, nh ui nh chy; hng l c bin, khng lc nom khng x dch. Sao li nh th, m sao li chng nh th? y l v ci l" tha" vy! (Vt

chi sinh gi, nhc su nhc tri, v ng nhi bt bin, v thi nhi bt di, h vi h, h bt vih. Ph ctng tha) .Thin Ti- Hu ni:" Anh hy chcngi y, khng cn lm g cm vn vt tha vnvt phn thnh, ging no cng trli ngun gc ca mnh. Vt no cng trli gc ca mnhm khng bit". Trong cu vn ny, quan trng nht l ch" Phc".thin Thin- Thy trong sch Lit- tcng c cu ni:" Tsinh, tha, tc hnh, tcsc, tc tri, tc lc, tgim, ttng". Thl u" tnhin nhi nhin", " bt knhirn nhinhin", khng c snht nh phi bo tn nhng hnh thc c bit no c ch, tiu ditnhng hnh thc c bit no c hi nh cch tc dng ca lut Thin- trch (4) c mc ch,c phng hng ca thuyt Tin- ha Ty phng (5) .Sd Trang tkhng chtrng Tin- ha, m li chtrng Vn- Ha l v theo snhn

xt ca ng, ng cho rng khng thno xt bit c lchung thy ca o, ngha l khngthno bit c rng o bt u nh thno, v scng tn ca n nh thno. Nh vy,th lm thno m nhn thy c ci phng hng ca n theo chiu no m chtrngTin- ha c? Tin- ha chl mt c thuyt ca To- Ha, trong khi stht Tri tkhng thbit u l khi im, u l cng tn, m chl mt ci" vng trn" (Thin- Qun).Thin Tc- Dng ni:" Vn vt c sng m khng thy u l ci gc ca n, c chxut ram khng thy u l ci ca ca n". Li ni:" Ngi xt o, khng theo cho n ch

ph, cng khng suy cho n chcha khi: hbn n n l phi thi i. Ta xt ci gc can, ta thy n i n v cng, ta cu n ci ngn ca n, ta li thy n khng bao git.Khng cng, khng dt, th cn bn ni vo u c na. Vt, th cng mt l".thin Sn- Mc cng ni:" Ha mun vt m khng bit n thay i nh thno, thi bitn bt u ra lm sao, m cng tn ra lm sao?"***i vi nhn- scng th: phi bin thnh quy, quy bin thnh phi khng bit u lkhi im, khng bit u l cng tn nh trn mt ci" vng trn"; Ln; Nh; Sanh; T;Di; Ngn; C; Khng; Cao; Thp; Thnh Hoi u khng sao phn bit c (6) , khng sao

bit c u l chkhi u ca n.Thin Thu- Thy ni:" Ly o m xem th vt khng c chi gi l qu, l tin, l t, l nhiuc. Chc Mt m thi. Ly chsai bit m xt, nhn thy ln m cho l ln, th vn vtkhng vt no l khng ln, nhn thy nhm cho l nh, th vn vt khng vt no l khng

nh Ly xu hng m xt, nhn cho phi l phi, th vn vt khng vt g l khng phi,nhn cho quy l quy, th vn vt khng vt g l khng quy."Thin c- Sung- Ph ni:" Ly chkhc nhau m xt, th gan v mt cch nhau nh ncSnc Vit, nhng m ly chtng m xt, th vn vt u l Mt c.Cxem ci thuyt Tng i ngy nay m xem, ta sthy cng khng xa g nhng iu nhnxt trn y ca Trang t. Theo Tng- i- lun th quyt khng c g l cao, l thp tuyti; khng c g l di, l ngn tuyt i; khng c g l ln, l nhtuyt i: nhng tingnh" thnh"," hy", " qu", " tin", " th", " phi", " hu"," v" ton l nhng danh- ttngi, khng phi l tuyt i. Cho nn cho rng Trang tl t- tca thuyt" tng i" khng

phi l qu ng.Ci lut Thin- Qun ca Trang tli bao hm ccon ngi trong :" Cho nn Thnh- nhn

ha lTh- phi, v rt cuc trong Thin- Qun".Thin i- Tng- S ni:" Nh ci hnh ca ngi ta, tht l bin ha mun ln, m cha thy


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u l cng tn vy". Li cng ni:" Gi nh cnh tay tri ti ha lm con g, th ti snhn m gy canh. Gi nh li ha cnh tay phi ti lm hn n, ti snhn m kim chimquay; gi nh li ha ci xng cn ca ti lm bnh xe, ly ci thn hn ti lm con nga,th ti snhn m ci ln, h cn phi i xe nga no na!..." Ln lao thay! To hamun anh lm vt g by gi? Mun i n u by gi? Hay l bin anh lm gan con chut?

Hay lm cnh trng?" () " Nay c ngi thc vng, vng nhy ln i: ti mun clm thanh gm mc- da, ngi thc tt cho n l vng qui g. Nay c kngu nhinmun c hnh ngi, nhy ln ni: Ti mun lm ngi to ha tt cho ngi y lngi qui g. Nay ly Tri t lm l ln, To- ha lm ngi thc ln, thi tha hmun bin ha ra sao th bin ha, u m chng c."Loi ngi bin ha v cng, nhng khng c phng hng no nht nh c: Phm vt, h"cng tc phn" " chung tc thy" loay quay mi theo" vng trn" v tn.Tuy Trang tchtrng" tha" v" vn ha", khng chtrng sbin ha c phnghng nh thuyt" lun hi" ca Pht gio tiu- tham hay thuyt" thin trch" ca Darwin,nhng li ni n sbin ha theo mt ci" C". Thin Ch- Lc ni:" Cc ging u c C"v kt lun rng:" Vn vt u ra ni C, v vo ni C. Theo Trang tth" C" l ci ngun

gc ca sbin i, v rt li, quy kt vo hai ch" c tnh".Ly theo thuyt Thin- Qun m xt vic i th thy cc svt u chng cht dnh lu vinhau, nhn ri qu, quri nhn tip tc nhau khng bit u l khi im, u l cng tn,nh trn mt ci" vng trn".chsphc tp trong cc mi quan h, thin Sn- Mc ni:" Trang Chu i chi rngiu- Lng, thy mt con chim tc lphng Nam li, cnh rng by thc, mt trn mttc, ng trn Chu m u bi cy lt. Trang Chu ni: chim ny l chim g vy? Cnh tom khng bay, mt ln m khng nhn. bn dng dng dng bc, ly n ra nhm bn. Bngthy mt con ve, va c bng mt m qun cthn. Mt con bnga, ly l che thn,chm n mun bt ly m qun cthn. Cn pha sau, con tc ang vbt n m qun cthn mnhTrang Chu git mnh: i! Ging vt vn lm ly nhau hai loi nh gi ln nhau.Ri bvin n m chy trv"Xem , tuy l mt cu chuyn ngngn, nhng m vsu sc miu tc nhng miquan htrong v trphc tp l chng no, tht l iu kh tht- nghc.Trang tni:" Bt, thm; y, vi; mt ti, mt sng" l mun bo lut Thin- Qun bao-qut chai ci ti, sng y. Cu ni ny ca Lit- t:" mt vt th, khi y, khi vi, khi thm,khi bt, khi sng, khi ti u c cm thng vi Tri, t, ng vi vt loi" c thbao- qut vcai qun cci lut Thin- Qun.Theo lut Tin- ha, hay t- trch th cc ging vt cng bin, cng khng bnh ng. Cntheo lut Thin- qun th cc ging vt cng bin li cng theo vbnh ng, d cho hnh cht

khng bnh ng, a vkhng bnh ng m Tnh v Phn vn bnh ng. (Xem Tiu- Diu-Du v T- Vt- Lun) . l sphn bit quan trng nht trong hai thuyt Tin- ha v Vn- ha.***Tm li, ta c thly cu ny ca Trang tLo chlut Thin- Qun " trc sau nh civng ".***Vi hai ch" tha", Trang tkhng tha nhn c mt" ng to ha " ng ngoi v lmcha tV TrVn Vt, m li cho rng ngay mi vt, tcc nhti cc ln, u c cisc " tsinh", "tha" c thc xem nh mt ng" tiu to ha" hay" tiu ha cng".Cho nn trong thin T- Vt- Lun mi ni:" Tri t cng ta ng sinh, vn vt cng ta

ng nht". Vn vt ng nht th, l danh ttng qut chV- tr- quan ca Trang t.Thuyt Vn- ha Thin- qun ca Trang t, nh trn y ni c thtng trng bng mt


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ci" vng c" khng thln ln vi thuyt Lun- Hi ca Nh Pht (tiutha) .Thuyt Lun- Hi ca Pht- gio tiu tha, tu trung l mt hnh thc ca thuyt Tin Ha,cho nn ngi ta quan trng vvn qutrcao thp: mt o vng ca Bn Ng. V vy,ng vphng din Gii thot, th thuyt Lun- Hi phi thua xa thuyt Vn- Ha Bnh-ng ca Trang tNhn

Tht vy, con ngi sd n l, l v cn bci Schi phi tinh thn. Sth, nhng cing snht ca con ngi l scht, v ci cnh sau khi cht. Thuyt Lun- Hi ca tiutha Pht gio an i c lng thc mc bn khon y, v bo m c rng loi ngi stin mi: ht loi th, n loi ngi, ri n loi tin, loi pht Con ngi cng" tin"chng no, th lng khao kht ln" cao" li cng tng v lng" n l", ngi vng cp scng nng chng y, ngha l lng gii thot ci Sskhng bao gigim bt v dt c.Tri li, vi thuyt Bnh- ng ca Trang t, cn cvo thuyt Vn- ha Thin- Qun chorng ngi l o, ngi m thc hin c ci o ni mnh ri, th n s" tsinh", " THa" nh Tri t, nn" ton mn" m khng cn ci bng o bng tham mun nhng gkhc ngoi ci Tnh- Phn ca mnh na:" Vn vt dng ng nht". Min gign cThin- chn, ngoi ra cuc i hy nn xnh Trang Chu ha bm". Trang Chu chim

bao thy mnh l Bm. Trong khi lm bm, qun lng mnh l ngi, v vi thch vi phnbm. Nu ng theo Trang Chu m lun, v thhi Trang Chu c chu i ci kip ngica mnh lm phn con bm, th Trang Chu t khng chu. Nhng, nu ng theo con

bm m xem, v xin em i ci kip con bm lm phn con ngi nh Trang Chu, tcon bm cng khng mun. Lm ngi cha t l vui hn lm Vt, v nh thVt v Ta l

bnh ng vy." Gi cnh tay tri ta la con g, th ta nhn m gy canh" Mnh l o, tho ni ta ha ra ci g th ha, sao m phi lo s? Ta c thtni vi mnh:" Ln lao thay!To ha ni ta. Ngi mun ta i n u by gi? Hay l ngi mun bin ta lm gan conchut, hay lm cnh trng?" Vi mt nhn- sinh- quan nh th, th lm g cn n lly nhngci sho huyn m tranh ginh Cao Thp, Ln Nh, Vinh Nhc? Cho nn gii thottinh thn con ngi khi ci" s" thin nin giam hm i mnh trong dc vng v bng ti,quthuyt Lun- hi ca Pht gio tiu tha phi km xa thuyt Thin- Qun Vn- Ha ctTrang tnu khng ni rng bt- lc.***D. Hnh- Phc C- Nhn v X- Hi:Trang tcho rng" ht thy vn vt u do o m ra, v mi vt u c ci c ca n,ngha l, ht thy vn vt, mi vt u c ci tnh tnhin ca n. Nu bit thn theo tnh tnhin m sng, th hnh phc c ngay trong lc , khng phi cu cnh u khc ngoi."c pht trin tdo bn tnh l iu kin u tin a ta n hnh phc, mt thhnh phctng i d nhin. Mun t n Hnh phc tuyt i phi cn n mt thtri thc siunhin huyn diu hn, tc l ci m Lo tgi" tri bt tri, thng".

Thng thm sd bn tnh con ngi khng c tdo pht trin l do srng buc, unnn ca ch, gio dc, lun l gito ca x hi bn ngoi. Bi vy Trang hc, cng nhLo hc ht sc phn i nhn to m cao ci sng cn vi thin nhin.thin Thu- Thy Trang tni:" Thin ti ni, nhn ti ngoi () Ngu m ttc thvThin; lc m th, xuyn ngu tthi vNhn" (Tri bn trong, ngi bn ngoi () Bnga bn chn, l Tri, khp u nga, xmi b, l Ngi) ng li ni:" Chlyngi m git Tri! Chly nhn to m git Thin Mng! Chly c m cht theo danh!Gicn thn, ng lm mt Thin chn! l trvci Chn ca mnh!"***" Trvci Chn ca mnh!" (" phn kchn") hay l" phc kbn" tc l o" Gii thot:trvBn tnh nh Nh Pht khuyn ta" minh tm, kin tnh" vy. Cho nn, khng thhiu

mt cch qu gin lc v sai ngoa rng thuyt" thun Thin, an Mng" ca ng l thi tiu cc, nhy nhc, ph mc cho sphn m x hi an bi cho ta, ra sao hay vy. " trv


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ci Chn ca mnh" phi l mt cuc i- cch- mng mi thot khi gng km x hi cngngy cng phlp v mai mt Thin- Chn. Cho nn Trang tmi khuyn ta:" Chc ly ciTa x hi, ci Ta nhn to do lun l, gio dc, chcu thnh m git cht Thin- tnh!"(V d nhn dit Thin)***

Vn vt, vt no cng c ci tnh tnhin ca n, v ni vnng khiu tnhin th khng vtno l ging vt no c. C iu l, nu mi vt, vt no cng c pht trin tdo nngkhiu tnhin ca mnh th vt y c ngay hnh phc.Trong thin Tiu- Diu- Du, Trang tmn cto ra mt vt cc i (l c Cn, chim Bng)v vt cc tiu (con ve v con cu) chng minh rng nng khiu tnhin ca mi vt honton khc nhau. Vt cc i nh chim Bng, mi khi mun n bin Nam phi" p trn mtnc ba nghn dm di, ln theo gi trt chn mun dm cao, v bay trn su thng khngngh" () " Con chim cu v con ve, thy vy, ci ni: Ta thch bay vt ln cy du, cy

phng nu c lc bay khng ti m c rt xung t th cng khng sao. Sao li phi lnchi ti chn mun dm cao, bay qua bin Nam m lm g?"

Nu mi vt u bit vi Tnh Tri ca mnh, th tuy i Bng, khng xem mnh l cao

qu hn chim nhm tcao, m chim nhnh chim cu cng khng xem mnh l thp hnm o bng ham mun n Ao Tri lm g nh chim Bng! Ln, nhtuy khc nhau, nhngmi vt nu bit thun theo ci tnh tnhin ca mnh, bit an theo ci phn ca mnh, th uc tiu diu (tdo) khng sai c.Svt trn i khng ging nhau, nhng cng khng nn cu cho ht thy u ging vinhau. L v khng thno cu cho c. Sbnh ng tnhin khng c v khng bao gictrn i ny. Thin Bin Mu c ni:" Cng vt th ngn, cm ni di, n kh. D hc thdi, cm lm cho ngn, n au. Cho nn Tnh m di, khng phi ci nn cht bt; tnh mngn, khng phi ci nn ko di, th sao c au kh!"***. Quan nim vX- hi v Chnh- tr:" ng mong ko cng vt cho di, thu d hc ngn li" nhng li l cng vic lm ca ccnh x hi chnh tr" hu vi" tngn xa vy.Mc tiu chnh ca cc nh lm lut php, cc lun l gia, cc chchnh tr phi chngu c tham vng san bng mi c tnh c bit, bnh ng ha tt cmi bt bnh ng tnhin trong thin h bin mi c nhn thnh mt con ngi sng theo x hi, theo ch,"thch theo ci thch ca mi ngi m khng bit thch theo ci thch ca mnh" (7)Theo Trang t, Tnh (tnhin) ca vn vt, th khng ng nhau: mi vt u c chnhncho l p, l hay, l phi, ring ca vt y. Cho nn khng cn phi cng p cho tt cung nhau, m cng khng sao cng p cho ng c. Chkhng ng ca vn vt, ta phi

bit nhn lnh n, bit" chu" n, tc l dng ch" khng ng" m lm cho" ng" vy.

Tri li tt cmi chchnh tr, x hi theo hu vi nh ra" mt ci tt" lm tiu-chun chung cho mi t tng hnh vi, khin ngi ngi u phi theo n m hnh ng. l p nhng chkhng ng phi ng nhau. Yu, m yu theo chthch ring ca mnh, llm au khcho vt mnh yu vy. Cho nn cc bc thnh nhn lp ra " quy cchun thng"cng cc thquy tc chnh chchnh trx hi, khin cho ngi ngi trong thinhu phi phc tng theo, chdng tm, tuy cha phi l khng c l do chnh ng v ttp, v chdng tuy khng phi l khng thc yu ngi nhng, kt quth li nh L-Hu nui chim" Xa kia, c con chim bin u ca thnh nc L Lhu ngra ra nghinh tip, rc vchuc ru n Thi- miu, cho tu nhc Cu thiu cho n vui, git tru b mi n nChim y ng dn dc, bsu bi khng dm n, dm ung. Cch ba hm th cht. l dng

cch nui ngi m nui chim. Nu nh mun dng cch nui chim m nui chim, th phi cho n u rng su, do ngoi g t, tri ni sng h, kim n ln c, theo hng lit,


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ung dung tc, thch u . Cnghe ngi ni l n khng a ri, la l cn em tingnhc m lm cho n kinh tm. Nu em nhc Hm tr, Cu thiu m nh ln ng- nh,th chim nghe phi bay, th nghe phi chy, c nghe phi ln nhng ngi ta th li konhau n m nghe. C di nc th sng, ngi di nc th cht. v y khc nhau, th sa ght cng khc nhau. Bi vy, bc thnh ngy xa khng ging nhau v

snng, nn khng ging nhau vsnghip". (Ch- Lc)Nh vy, ta thy rng khng phi LHu khng c thin , nhng kt quth li khc hnvi mun ca mnh: hi m khng c li. cng l hu quca nhng kmun dng lut

php, lun l m in cht tng hnh vi ca thin h.Bi th, Trang hc cc lc phn i ci cch " ly trm trthin h" (d tr, trthin h) .Mun khin cho thin hc tr, khng chi bng" ly skhng tr, m trthin h" (d bttr, trthin h) . Thin Ti- Hu ni:" Ta nghe phng v githin h, chkhng nghechuyn trthin h. Phng, l sthin hm ui m mt tnh; gil sthin hdi i mmt c. Thin hm khng m ui n mt TnThin, khng di i n mt c, th saoli c chuyn trthin h?" D sao i na, bt c d m phi dng n lut php, lun l,chnh tr, ch th lut php, lun- l, chnh tr, chcng phi c mc ch duy nht

ny l phng scho c nhn, chkhng c em" Ngi m git Tri, em nhn to mgit thin nhin"Lo tv Trang tu chtrng" V vi nhi tr", mt chkhng c ch, mt chnh thkhng c chnh th, nhng mi ngi theo nhng l do ring.Lo tth nhn mnh vo, v vn phn- phc:" Phn gio chi ng". Cn Trang tth nhn mnh vsphn bit gia thin nhin v nhn to:" ngi khng c git Tri,nhn to khng c ln thin nhin", v lm thl lm cho nhn dn thng kh: khng phttrin c tdo Bn tnh ca mnh.***E. Vn Hnh- Phc tng i v tuyt i:Ci hnh phc ni trn y, chl mt thhnh phc tng i, v n cn phi c iu kin,ngha l cn phi ty thuc vo ci g. Tht vy, ngi ta sd c c hnh phc l khi noc tdo sng theo bn tnh ca mnh.

Nh vy, x hi, ch nh ni trn, chl mt trong nhng iu kin khng thun tincho spht trin tdo bn tnh con ngi trn con ng hnh phc.Cng c nhiu trngi khc khng km quan trng khin cho ta kh thc hin c hnh

phc, l vn " lo", "bnh", v "t". Nh vy, ta thy rng Pht gio khng phi l khng ck, khi hxng thuyt" sanh, lo, bnh, t: kh" ngi tdo khng nhng khng brng

buc vphp lut, lun l, ch, x hi bn ngoi, m cng l ngi khng cn sgi, sbnh, scht na.Gi khng ng s. ng sl nn sci gi m y bnh tt. V vy, ngi ta mun c

hnh phc, cng phi bit lo n php dng sinh. Ngi mnh khe khng sgi, cngkhng scht na. Trong mi tai ha, tai ha ng snht ca con ngi l tt- bnh. Ngihay au yu, bnh tt l ngi dsa vo ch k: thng sn sc sm soi n thn thnn dem lng quyn luyn v yu thng. Lo tcng c ni:" Ng sd hu i hon gi, ving hu thn. Cp ng v thn, ng hu h hon!" (Chng 13 o- c- Kinh) . Cho nn,dng sinh l thut lm cho mnh lun lun mnh khe, m khng c c hi thit tha nghn thn thca mnh.

Ngi xa c ni:" Mt thn thkhng au, mt tinh thn khng lon, l chn hnh phcca con ngi. C c mt thn thkhng au, th tinh thn mi khng lon; nhng thngkhi, nhc mt tinh thn khng lon, mi c c mt thn thkhng au. l hai iukhng thri nhau: nh hng ca vt cht i vi tinh thn va nh hng ca tinh thi

vi vt cht. Nhng bn vphn cao nht ca php dng sinh th ngi ng phng coitrng phn nh hng ca tinh thn hn.


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"im m h v,Chn kh tng chi,Tinh thn ni th,Bnh an tng lai."(Hong- Ni- Kinh)

(Chng o- Sinh)Thng- CThin- chn lun***thin Dng- sinh- Ch, Trang tni:" Ng sinh hu nhai, nhi tri v nhai. D hunhai ty v nhai, i d!" (Sinh lc ca ta th c hn, m ni lo ngh u lth v hn, l nguyvy!) . V vy m php dng sinh chim a vkh quan trng trong hc thuyt Trang tvvsau phi o gia li khai thc n lp ra thnh mt hc phi c bit l phi" trng sinhcu th".***

Nhng, mi bn khon lo snht lm cho con ngi thng- sinh (8) v bin con ngithnh con vt au khnht i l lng ham sng scht (tham sinh y t) .

Ta hy nhn kchung quanh, xem sbnh trng mnh mca tn gio th r vn sinhtl quan trng n bc no! Ngi hon ton tdo l ngi thot khi ci tm trng" thamsinh y t", ngi bit nhn thy sinh tl Mt. Sbn khon lo sssng cht sgimc hoc dt i nu ta hiu r c ci l ca sng cht. l ci php" ly L m haTnh" ca Trang t.***Thin Dng- sinh- chni:" Lo am cht. Tn Tht n iu, khc ba ting, ri i ra. thi:" ng khng phi l bn ca phu thay sao?Phi.Vy th, iu nh thl phi hay sao?Phi. Trc kia ta xem Lo am l bn ta. Nay xem li , th khng phi na. Lc ta voiu, thy c gi khc nh cha khc con; trkhc nh con khc m. l trn thintnh, gi thm tnh v qun chmnh tlnh ca to ha. Cnhn gi l hnh- khca strn thin tnh. Phtvui m n, l thi; vui m i, l thun. An thi xthun th bun vuilm sao vo ng ci lng. Cnhn gi l" huyn gii".Trong Tri t, chc mt ci" Sng", ci" Sng" khng sinh khng t. Sng Cht chl cihnh thc ca mt cuc bin ha ca c i Ha ca Tri t. Ci" Sng" y chnh l ci mLo tgi"tnhi bt vong gith" (cht m khng mt) .Hnh thc ny m c mt i, th ci" Sng" y li i vmt chkhc. Cng nh trong mtthn cy, l ny rng, th ci sng trong l cy" trv" trong thn cy m sanh ra l khc,cng hoa tri khcci m ta gi l sng cht y, chl mt s" thnh, hy" ca mt trng

thi trong vn ha ca Tri t Vn vt m thi. Trang t v ssng cht nh mt b ci"ct li" v " mra". Sinh l Huyn, tl Gii. Huyn l ct li, Gii l tho ra.Sng cht chng qua l" mt i mt li" ni tip nhau, cn ci Sng, tc l Chn- thca ta,th lun lun nh thmi, khng thay .Ci Sng ca Chn th, i vi hnh thca ta, v nh" la" m i vi" ci": thnh thnytruyn qua hnh thkia nh" la" truyn tb ci ny sang b ci kia:" khng khc no hactruyn mi m khng tt, ci sng truyn mi m khng bao gituyt".Cht, l tmt cnh ny, i qua mt cnh khc Tcnh ny i qua cnh khc m lo s,th l mt vic lo sho nh cnh nng LC" Nng LC, con mt vquan trn th

phong cng xNgi, gvcho Vua nc Tn. Lc xut gi, ri ly dm bu. Khi ti hongcung, cng Vua ng sng, nm mi s- hon, ri nng li hi hn git lngy xa" (T- Vt-

Lun) .Cht m lo sth c khc no ta strc ci cnh m mnh cha bit. bit u rng, sau ny


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ta li ging nh nng LC, sau khi n hong cung by gili hi hn git lngy xa mkhng chu trvqu c. Nu ta cho hnh thc hin c y l ng vui, th sau khi cht, chta ng hnh thc mi khc, sao li bit l khng c chng vui nh by gi? ngh li lc mta cha l ngi nh ngy nay, c llc la cnh sang qua cnh y, bit u ta cng" ri ly m bu", quyn luyn dng dng, v cho sthay i hon cnh l mt tai ha. V

hin nay, ngh li ci" git lngy trc" ta cng sly lm hi hn." Trong mun vn hnhthc ca vn vt, hnh thc ca ngi l mt. Gp c hnh thc y, cha ring vui vin, bi trong v cc, ch" gp mi" ca vn vt th v cng Mt ch" gp mi" nh ym cn bit vui, h chc mt chny m thi sao?" Li ch y ca Quch Tng tht rrng ht sc.Hnh thc con ngi l mt trong mun vn hnh thc ca vn vt. Nh vy, gp hnh thcno cng ng vui mng c, h chc hnh thc con ngi ng vui mng m thi sao? " Ginh cnh tay tri ta bin thnh con g th ta nhn m gy canh. Gi nh cnh tay mt taha lm hn n th ta nhn m kim chim quay. Gi nh ha ci xng cng ca ta lm

bnh xe, ha thn hn ta lm con nga th ta nhn m ci, h cn i xe nga no na?V" c" l thi," tht" l thun. An thi xthun th bun vui lm sao vo ng ci lng!"

V vy, bc chn- nhn xa" khng ham sng, khng ght cht, ra khng vui, vo khng s,thn nhin m n, thn nhin m i. (i- Tng- S) ."Xa, Trang Chu chim bao, thy mnh l bm, vui phn lm bm: tnhin thch chkhng cn bit Chu. Cht tnh gic, thy mnh l Chu. Khng bit Chu lc chim bao l

bm, hay bm lc chim bao l Chu? Chu cng bm t c phn nh" (T- Vt- Lun) .Bn vvn sinh tm li dng n Thc v Mng nh chuyn Trang Chu mng h- ipm ni, th thm trm su sc khng bit chng no! Tht l vn chng huyn- tng lthng.***Theo Trang t, mun trn tnh lng cm xc ca con ngi trc vn sinh t, cng nh ivi tt cmi xc cm khc dlm cho ta thng sinh, th phi dng n php" ly L mha Tnh". Ngi tr thc, bit r c chn tng ca V Tr, bit c chpht sinh ca svt l vic tt nhin th khi gp vic skhng ng cm m gic vthn nhin trmtnh bn ngoi cng nh bn trong. Khng ng cm, l khng btri buc, ngha l c tdo v hnh phc vy. Tnh gi thi ngi bay, rt nhm mt a trhoc mt kln. a trnng gin, nguyn ra v quy ti cho ming ngi v tnh; cn kln, tri li, bit l khng lini u c, cho nn khng ng cm, khng bc tc v nh m chau cng bt au. Lv, tri thc ca ngi ln bit r ci l do ca ming ngi rt, nn" ly L m ha Tnh","

bun vui v m khng vo ng ci lng!"Trln l bn n hnh phc tng i.***

Cn mun bn n hnh- phc tuyt i, th phi bn n T- Do tuyt i.Mun i n hnh phc tuyt i, tc l TDo tuyt i, th cn phi dng n mt thtrithc siu ng m t n chHuyn- ng cng vn vt.Thin Tiu- Diu- Du, sau khi bn vhnh phc tiu diu ca chim Bng, cng nh ca chimcu, c ni n Lit- tci gi m i" Lit- tci gi m i, i mt cch m i nhnhng,i trn mi lm hm mi v. sng trong chch phc v ngi nh ng dthng thyc. Tuy khi phi i, nhng cn phi ch" Chci g? Gi.

Nh vy, th ci hnh phc ca Lit- tcng cha c gi l tuyt i, l v cn phi tymt iu kin khc ngoi.Chc nhng ai" thun theo ci chnh ca Tri t, nng theo ci bin ca lc- kh m rongchi trong ci v cng; th u cn phi i ci g na. Cho nn ni rng: bc ch nhn

khng thy c mnh, bc thn nhn khng nhn cng trng ca mnh, bc thnh nhnkhng ngh n tn tui ca mnh." (Tiu- Diu- Du)


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Trang t, trn y, thng ngi hon ton gii thot, tc l ngi t n hnh phc tuyti, bc ch nhn huyn- ng cng to vt, nn khng cn thy mnh na. Hl ngi vt ln trn nhng cp mu thun m thnhn thng nhn thy: phi quy, vinh nhc,trc sau, cao tht, ln nh, sanh t Hl ngi gii quyt c smu thun to ttnht ni h: tnh v l, tm v tr, ni v ngoi, nh ng. Khng cn thy c" nh", tc l

khng cn thy c" ng", hl ngi t n trng thi" v- ng". " V ng", nn cng"v- cng" v " v danh". l" v- k", " v cng"," v danh" nn h l Mt vi o." o th khng lm mkhng c g l khng lm". V nhn m hnh ng ca hkhng cn gi l hnh ng cat tm t dc na, m l hnh ng ca o, ca Chn- th, ca V-Ng. Hnh ng y lhnh ng" V- vi" ca o ni ta vy.***i n sHuyn- ng, bc Chn- nhn phi" bit qun thphi" (tri vong thphi) .Theo ngha thng thng ca thnhn th" bit" l " bit" bng sphn bit. Phi dt blinhn thc y i n mt thnhn thc siu- ng khc m cc nh o- hc gi l" tri bttri, thng" (9) .

Phng hu Lan gi l" kinh nghim thun ty" tc l kinh nghim ca V Tri Thc, vcng l chm nh Pht gi l Hin- lng, Thin- nh, Thin- ta, v vsau phi Thn-tin ca o- gio gi l Tnh- ta. Thun ty kinh nghim, l sthc nghim o bnthn, trong khng cn cn n suy ln, i i m nhn thc trc tip Thc ti khngchkhch, khng ni ngoi v nhng cp i i y ng nht, v bin mt trong tmmnh ri.***Thin i- Tng- S c on vn ny:" Nhan Hi ni: Hi c thm!Trng- Ni hi: L ngha g?

Nhan Hi ni: Ti qun Nhn Ngha.Trng Ni ni: c, nhng m cha trn.Mt hm khc, li ra mt v ni:Hi c thm.L ngha g th?Hi qun LNhc.c, nhng cha trn.Mt hm khc na, li ra mt m rng:Hi c thm.L ngha g?Hi" ngi m qun" ri.

Trng Ni ngc nhin hi:Ngi m qun, l thlm sao?Nhan Hi ni: Gii th, bthng minh, la hnh, btr, ng vi o ln. gi l" ngi mqun" (ta vong) .Trng Ni ni:" ng, th khng cn tham mun na; ha, th khng thng na. QuHi lngi hin. Khu ny nguyn theo sau ."***Chng u thin T- Vt- Lun cng c ni:" Quch T- Kngi da gh, nga mt h hi, b phnh ngi mt bn.

Nhan- Thnh T- Du ng hu trc mt, thy vy, hi:" Sao m hnh hi c thkhin cnh cy kh, cn lng th c thkhin c nh tro lnh. Nay ngi ngi trn ghc phi l

ngi ngi trn ghtrc y na khng?T- Kni:" Yn, cu hi ca ngi u phi l khng ng! Ta nay mt bn ng ri,


20/68

ngi c bit khng?..."y cng l php" ta vong" m thc hin shuyn ng vi bn thca o v cngl cu cnh ca Trang hc: h" ng" vi ci Sng chung ca V Trvn vt th skhngcn thng ght ring t, skhng cn tham mun o bng nhng Tnh Phn ngoi mnhna. Cho nn mi ni rng" ng tc v hiu d" (10)

o hc, theo Trang t, khng phi chl mt li trit l sung ca l tr, m l mt cuc thchin hay thc nghim bn thn vChn- L. Li ni ca Nhan- Hi trong cu chuyn" tavong" trn y c ngha l Hi c ci o bn trong bng php" trut- phthng minh"v" bl tr". Nn phn bit iu ny: bshiu bit khng phi l khuyn ta ng hiu

bit. C hai trnh hiu bit: bit ci bit thng thng, ci bit ca gii nhnguyn, ci bittrong vng tng i ca thphi, thin c v bit vci l" bt khtri", bit vbn th, tc lci bit vTuyt i. Ci bit thng thng ca l tr, ca gii nhnguyn vthphi, thin cu phi l khng cn, trong khi ta vn cn hot ng trong vng" sc tng", nhng, khimun nm c o, ta cn phi vt ln khi n. Trang tgi ci php" vt ln" y bngmt ch" Vong", ngha l " Qun". ng ni:" Tr vong thphi, tm chi thch d". Ngi co, khng phi l ngi khng bit thphi, m l ngi vt ln trn cthphi. Khng

bit thphi, vi vt ln thphi l hai iu khc nhau xa. Ci" khng bit" (bt tri) ca ahi nhi, vi ci" khng bit" ca bc t o cng khc nhau rt xa vy. Ci" khng bit" y,m Lo tgi l" Xch tchi tm" ng c hiu lm l tm trng hn n ca a trssinh. Cho nn khng nn hiu cho l ci hc" ngu dn".Bi khng nhn thy r rng sphn bit m phn ng hc gichuyn vTrang hc mixng thuyt" phc c" nh Thin o Chch trong sch Trang t(Xem Trang ttinh-hoa) .Ci tri thc thng thng vsc gii khng lm sao hiu c chn l tuyt i, v vy Trangtxng s" khtri" v" phbthng minh".thin Thin a c on:" Hong i chi n pha Bc Xch Thy, ln g Cn- ln,trng vhng Nam tm ng trv, th bri ngc Huyn- chu. Sai Tr i tm, nhngkhng tm ra. Sai Ly- Chu (rt tinh con mt) i tm, nhng cng khng tm ra. Sai Khit-Cu (ngi c ti hng bin) i tm, nhng cng tm khng ra. Bn sai Tng- Vng. Tng-Vng tm ra. Hong ni: Lthay, chc Tng Vng mi tm ra c ngc Huyn- chusao!"Tng- Vng l ci "c hnh m thc ra khng c hnh" tc l m chci" Tm h khng"tru tng siu hnh.Cng khng thdng n sch vkinh in m tm c o, v theo Trang t, cng chl nhng" cn b ca c nhn" (11) m thi.L lun, bin thuyt u v ch c, n chlm cho lng ta thm tm ti, cho thn minh mm.

" Nhim Cu hi Trng Ni:C thno bit c ci c trc Tri t khng?Trng Ni ni: c! Xa cng nh by gi(12)

Nhim Cu rt lui, khng hi na.Qua ngy hm sau, li ra mt m rng:Hm trc ti hi: c thno bit c ci c trc Tri t chng? Th thy dy rng:c. Xa cng nh nay. Trc kia, ti tng l ti hiu, nhng hm nay th li cm thym mt. Dm xin hi Thy ni nh thno?Trng Ni ni: Hm trc ngi hiu r l v dng n ci thn minh m nghe. Nay li cmthy mt m l v dng n ci khng phi thn minh m cu hiu. (Tr Bc Du)Ci m Trang tgi" Thn" l m chci khiu bit tnhin (mt thtrc gic pht tci

tm" h") , cho nn mi hiu r lin. Vsau, v dng ci l lun gito chp ni ca l tr,nn lng thng cm tnhin ca trc gic mi. " Hc gi, hc ksbt nng hc () ;


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bin gi, bin ksbt nng bin" (13) . Ci hc m Trang tkhuyn ta l" ci hc m khngsao hc c"; cn c bin lun th" hy bin lun ci khng sao bin lun c". l cihc vthun ty siu hnh, mt thTm- hc hon ton.Cho nn chc thc hin c ci i sng tm linh ca ta, l mc ch ti cao ca i sngcon ngi. Trong sch Trang tdy y nhng cu chuyn" thn- ha" y.

" Nhan Thnh T- Du ni vi Nam- Quch T- K:Tngy ti nghe li dy ca Thy c mt nm, th ti thy lng ti trvmc mc nthun; c hai nm, th chy theo o; c ba nm, th thng lo; c bn nm, ththy ti nh mt vt ngoi; c nm nm, th tin n mc; c su nm, th thy dngnh c thn minh nhp th; c by nm, th c thn ha (thin thnh) ; c tm nm,th khng bit mnh cn sng hay cht; c chn nm, th n chi Huyn- diu" (Ng

Ngn) . l nhng giai on phi tri qua i n mt cuc "thn ha" hon ton.Mt on khc thin i- Tng- S li ni r rng hn:" Ba ngy, th bc vic thin hra ngoi; () by ngy, th bc sthy c ngoi vt

bn ngoi; () chn ngy, th bc ci sng ca mnh ra ngoi (14) . Bc ci sng ca

mnh ra ngoi th mi c" triu trit" (15) . " Triu trit" ri, mi nhn thy c ci Mt.Thy c ci Mt ri, mi khng cn thy c Xa c Nay. Khng cn thy c Xa c Nayri, mi vo c ci khng cht khng sng."Ci trng thi" ht nhin, c ng" y, c khi chnhmt li ni m c:" nht ngi nhinng ng" (16) . Cng phu dbth lu di trong V thc, nhng lc" c ng" th tht lmau lnh chp nhng v lm bin i hn tm thn tr no con ngi." Nhan Hi ni: Khi cha thn ha, th r l c Hi tht. Nhng khi c thn ha ri, ththy cha hc Hi. C thgi l" h" cha? (Nhn- Gian- Th) .Ci thi k" c ng" th mau lnh th, nhng cn phi c mt thi kchun b, tc l tuluyn. Thi ky, Trang tgi l" tm trai", tc l schay tnh ca lng.thin Nhn- Gian- Th, Trang tmiu trt r ly:Hi ni: Dm xin hi thno l" chay tnh ca lng?"Trng Ni p: Hy chuyn tm nht ch. ng nghe bng tai, m nghe bng lng. ng nghe

bng lng, m nghe bng kh. iu g mnh nghe, th hy n ngoi tai, cn lng th hpnht n li. Thn kh phi h, h mi nhn c o; h tc l" chay lng" y!" l cmt chng trnh" chay tnh": tbtt cngoi vt, sng gin d, lm cho tm trng nht vi mi smi vt, " chuyn tm bo nht" cho lng c trng khng h tnh,khng cn bnh hng g ca vt ngoi na c. Nh vy mi mong t n trng thi huyn-ng vi chn thtuyt i ca mnh. Ct yu l cho lng t n" chn khng" mi mongthn ha c (17) .V, nhn thm phn ng nhng ktheo vvi o- hc, bao gicng khi u bng cch

lnh xa cuc sng phn hoa x hi, thch nhng ni tch- mch thin nhin:" Khng- tbn tbit b bn, tbhc tr, trn vo chm ln, mc o cu, o vi, n htgm, ht d. Chen vo m mung m khng lm lan n, chen vo m chim m khnglm lan hng (tc l ha ng vi vn vt) . Chim mung cn khng ght b, hung chi lacon ngi (Sn- Mc) .Tuy nhin, lnh i c khi cng cha gi l thot c khi nh hng ca i. trongi m khng cho thn tm ly v i, mi tht l ngi lm chc hon cnh, mi thtl ngi tdo. Sthn nhin dt bi vi thskhi ni lng gic ngca mnh trcnht: u cn phi xa lnh cuc i mi dt c lng n lquyn luyn.thin ng- - Vng, Trang tc ni:" () Lit- tba nm khng ra ngoi. nh nucm cho v, nui heo cung knh nh nui ngi, v khng thit n vic g na c(m

tiu dit ci lng tkiu ti ca mnh i) . Ph btt cmi trang sc gito cho tmlng trvci thun phc tnhin. Thnh nh cc t, gia cnh no nhit m lng vn


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khng no ng. Nh thn trn i mnh"Trong con ng" huyn hc", giai on" tm trai" ny l kh khn gay go nht v mnh phichu ng mt cuc tranh chp khng lni tm gia ci" ta x hi" v ci" Chn th" cata, ngha l gia ci m Trang tgi l Thin v Nhn (Tri v ngi) .Ct ngha chThin v Nhn, Trang tc ni:" B nga bn chn, l Tri (Thin) (18) .

Khp u nga, xmi tru, l ngi (Nhn) (19) () ng ly ngi m git tri ()Gicn thn, ng mt thin chn, thgi l trvci Chn ca mnh." (Thu- Thy)Nhn, tc l nhn- to, l m chnhng c lgito ca x hi rng buc con ngi vomt khun kh, tc l nhng ci m Khng- hc gi l Nhn, Ngha, L, Tr, Tn lun- l,o c, php , d rc li cho con ngi trong giai on" tri thphi, tri thin c", n trli thnh mt chng ngi vt cho giai an gii that", tc l giai on" vong thphi, vongthin c", giai on m " Chn th" n lc trng thnh, sc" tsinh, tha. V thTrang tmi c ni:" Tri vong thphi, tm chi thch d". bit qun sphi quy, l ci tmca mnh thng sut ri vy. Bo rng: bit qun, tc l phi c bit, ri sau mi vt ln shiu bit m qun i. Mun gii thot, con ngi trc ht phi tri qua giai on nhn thcr rng ci Bn ng ca mnh: khng bao gii n gii thot m cha tng nhn thc v

sng trong Bn Ng mt cch su xa. Bn ng l ngun gc ca au kh, v n cgng sngring ngoi ci Sng- mt cutm hn. Nhng bn tnh ca n l "huthc", v c " huthc" mi c thchia phn. Hu thc phi n trnh cng cc ca n, mi c thi vo ciSng ca V thc. Bn ng l m, hm cc mi Dng sinh. Dng l m chci Chnthca mnh. Nh trn ni: Bn ng l ngun gc ca au kh. Mun i n trng thi V-thc, phi lm cho tan vci vbao ngoi, l Bn ng. Lm tan vn, sphi au khmthot xc, " phi cht, ri mi c Phc sinh:, l ngha ca cu chuyn ng Cu- Th(Jsus) phi chu cht ng inh trn cy Thp- gi, ri c phc sinh v ln tri. V vymi c cu khu hiu ny ca cc nh huyn hc Thin cha gio:" cht trn cy thp gi camnh". Trit hc ng phng bo" vt cng tc bin, vt cc tc phn", " cht m sngli", l iu m chn vic lm cho" cht" bn ng i, phc hi chn tnh.

Nh o hc n hin i l J. Krisnamutri cngc ni r rng hin trng y:" Ting nica ti l ting ni ca sHiu bit thm su, do mt sau khtuyt vng m c"Bn ng cha chn mi, cha c thrng. au khcha n chtuyt vi, kh m gic ng(20) .Bn- ng (cci bn ng x hi un c n) c thv nh ci vtrng g, i vi con g conang thi kcha n. Ci vbao ngoi l cn thit cho ci sng ca con g trong khi n chathnh hnh y , nhng khi con g con n trng thnh, c thsng tip xc ngayvi nh sng v khng kh bn ngoi, th ci vbao ngoi kia li trthnh mt chng ngivt m n phi ph vra, v l tt cvn sanh tca n lc by gi.Ht la chlm xong smng ca n khi no n trthnh cy la, ngha l c thtr

thnh cy la, n phi" cht" ci i sng ht ging ca n i, th n mi hon thnh c smng ca n.Bi vy, trc y Trang tmi c bo:" Ph btt cmi trang sc gito bn ngoi chotm lng trvci thun phc tnhin" (ng- - Vng) . V" ng ly ngi m gitTri" (Thu- Thy) . Ngi y l ci" ta x hi" to thnh, cn Tri tc l chn th.

Nhn r c nh th, ta skhng ly g lm lm thy rng sut bNam- Hoa- Kinh, Trangtbao gicng cc lc phn i ci hc ca Khng, Mc, v cao thin nhin m kch"nhn vi hay nhn to". Ci hc ca Trang t, cng nh ca Lo t, l ci hc gii that, tiudit Bn ng thc hin con ngi " v k, v cng, v v danh", tc l ci hc thuyt vgiai on thhai trong cuc thin din ca i ngi hon thnh smng con ngi camnh trong Tri t:" Ta nay mt Bn ng ri, ngi c bit chng?" (T- Vt- Lun) .

Tm li, schng i, kch ca Trang tchng qua l vic lm ca" con g con" nthi kn: ph vci vbc ngoi ca qutrng gii thot. chc ththi.


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***i ra, ri trli, l con ng ca o m Lo t ni:" Phn gi, o chi ng". i ra,l con ng trong giai on u i n sto thnh mt Bn- ng y ; i v, l conng" phc kbn", " phn kchn", tiu dit bn ng.Con ng trc l con ng sng chia phn ca ni tm: Tm Tr, Nhi Ng, ThPhi, Thin

cCon ng thhai, l con ng" trv" ngun Sng Mt, con ng hp nht li nhng g bchia ch l con ng gii thot. Hai con ng trn y trong i sng ca conngi l cat hai thgii ring bit v nghch hn nhau. Con ng trc ngi ta gi l conng" tin" th con ng sau phi gi l con ng" thi". Lo tc ni:" Vi hc nht ch,vi o nht tn" Tbn thgii ny sang qua thgii bn kia, nh Pht gi l" o bngn" (n bbn kia) .Hai thgii khc nhau, th shot ng tri thc trn nhng vng tinh thn y cng phikhc nhau: gii nhnguyn th phi dng l tr, nhng khi bc chn vo ngng ca cagii nht nguyn th khng cn dng n dng ctri thc kia, l l tr c na, m phidng n mt nng khiu c bit khc l trc gic (21) . Trang tgi l" i tri" v nh Pht

gi l Tr" Bt nh", hay l Tr- hubt nh.Nh vy, nhn quang ca ngi bc qua giai on gii thot l nhn quang nghch hn vinhn quang ca ngi cn sng trong giai on chp c mt ci ta ring bit (nhnguyn) .Giai on ny (giai on nhnguyn) c hai thi k: thi kphi thai ca bn ng v thi ktrng thnh ca bn ng.Trong thi kthnht, con ngi cn sng theo qun on, sng theo tp qun, theo nhhng ca ngi chung quanh, cha c c tnh c bit. Hchbit bt chc v khng dmsuy nghkhc hn nhng gio l, tn gio hay chgio dc ng thi: hhon ton lsn phm ca x hi chung quanh.Thi kthhai l thi ktrng thnh ca bn ng. Bt u c nhn c nhng t cch chngi x hi, khng chu m qung thun theo mt cch n lbt cmt mng- lnh no, mt lli cu c no ca chlun- l, tn gio, x hi qua hoc ng thi chi phi. Hcnhng t tng cch mng v c on. Vch thnh ca truyn thng, ca tp tc bt u rnnt. Hdm suy ngh theo mnh, bt u hoi nghi, v can m em tt cmi vn m tli. Hkhng thng na, tri li cao n tt chngha c nhn mi phng din.Htm mi cch cao i sng c lp tinh thn, khng chu tn thmt quyn thvt cht tinh thn no cngoi mnh. c lp, tn- k, sng to, tdo, l bn c im cacon ngi tinh thn ca h.

Nhng, mt ngy kia, bn ng ca hpht trin n mc cng tt, hli cm thy hbrngbuc trong nhng cng trnh sng to ca h, ngha l hcm thy hbn lly nhng gitrgito m chnh h by ra. Tt cnhng gi trca x hi vn minh ngy nay, nh

nhng gi trvlun- l, o c, vn ha, x hi m h by ra, phi chng u c cngdng l tri buc hvo nhng khun khqu cht hp ca mt o vng u tin v cngquan trng: Bn ng. By gi, hbt u i qua giai on thba, l vt ln trn ci Bn ngo tng y, tc l hbc qua con ng Gii thot.Giai on ny khng phi l giai on i n sthc hin siu nhn, m thc hin trngthi tnhin ca mt con ngi " vin mn", mt con ngi " v ng", hay ni theo Trang t,con ngi" chn- nhn". Giai on ny " phn" li giai on trn: Cch nhn thc, suy lunu nghch hn vi nhng cch nhn thc, suy lun nhnguyn nh trong giai on trc.Cch lp ngn v thcng khc hn. Cng nh bn Thin- tng Pht gio, ngi ta dng n

php lp ngn v cng c bit ny l hay ni ngc li tt cnhng li suy ngh thngthng m ph tan ci" tp nim nhnguyn". Phi c tri qua mt cuc i cch mng t

tng, xo trn v lt ngc tt cmi vn thng thc trong i, mi mong" ph tan"c ci c- tp suy ngh theo nhnguyn, mi nhn r c ci Chn- tng ca svt.


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Nh vy, phn ng ngi ta, nu sd cn trch ci ging vn" khinh thngo vt" canhm Trang hc, cho rng li vn nhiu khi trch thng v qu bo, khng c vdu dngha nh v khim tn i vi t tng ca Nho Mc, i din t tng nhnguyn, l vngi ta cha thc c php lp ngn ca cc nh o hc ng phng, ca Lo Trangv nht l ca Thin- tng, thng vly chlm cho thc tnh, chkhng cn phi vly s

ru- ngci bn ng ca con ngi na. Sva chm nng ni vi thnh kin l mt trongnhng phng php gip cho ngi dtnh ng.***Tm li, ba mi ba thin ca sch Trang t, tuy ngha l su rng, nhng chc su thinu, l Tiu- Diu- Du, T- Vt- Lun, Dng- Sinh- Ch, c- Sung- Ph, i- Tng- S vng- - Vng ca Ni thin l bao qut c tt cyu chca ton thbsch. Cc thinchng trong Ngoi v Tp- thin rt c thc mt st do tay Trang tvit ra, kd u docc bc hu hc ca phi Lo Trang thut li din t thm ci i ngha ca su thin u.Tiu- Diu- Du th bn vtdo tuyt i; cn T- Vt- Lun th ni vbnh ng tuyt i.Tht ra th chc hai thin ny l nn tng ca chc thuyt Trang tm thi. Cc thin khctrong Ni thin cng u l nhng tng phthuc dng din t ci i ca hai thin

ny m thi.Ch thch:(1) Tl T- Huyn (mt vo khong 312 TL K- nguyn) .(2) c Nht(3) Chkhng phi ca mnh thlnh ni x hi, lun l, ch, ni vn minh gito cacon ngi by ra.(4) Thin- trch l chn lc thin nhin, thuyt ca Darwin trong b" Vt chng Nguynthy"(5) Tin- Ho l mt sBin, mt sng- v thm vo mt thc trng y l mt kin chquan l i theo mt khuynh hng no.(6) c Sung Ph c cu:" Sanh t, tn vong, cng t, bn ph, hin dbt tiu, hy dckht, hn th: th svi bin, mng chi hnh d. Nht dtng i htin, nhi tri bt nng giaihkthy gid ". (Cht sng, cn ht, cng t, ngho giu, hin v bt tiu, ch khen, ikht, nng lnh: l ci bin ca vt, ci chuyn ca Mng. Ngy m thay phin tip nitrc mt ta m tr thng minh ca ta khng sao nhn thy c u l chkhi u. "(7) thch nhn chi thch, nhi bt tthch kthch d: chy theo co thch ca ngi m khngtmnh chy theo ci thch ca mnh.(8) Thng sinh: lm tn hi n sinh mng.(9) Tri bt tri, thng: bit ci khng thbit c (" bt khtr") , tc l o. (o- c-Kinh) .(10) ng vi o, nn khng cn tham mun na.

(11) Trang- t: Thin Thin o (cnhn chi tao phch)(12) Cdu kim d: ci xa, th cng nh ci by gi(m cho vnh vin, bt bin c tvthy v hin nay cng khng thay i) , ngi Php gi l" Prsent Eternel Immuble".(13) Canh Tang S.(14) Ngha l khng cn bit c mnh na.(15) Triu- trit: mt sthng hiu thu trit svt nh nh sng bui ban mai, tc l mtth" trc quan kin c", nhn thy c ci Chn Th(Sng Mt) .(16) Lit- t, thin Lc- Mng.(17) Xem ci Dngca thnh nhn (cng mt tc gi) php tnh ta ca Cng- in (Ph-Lc) .(18) Thin: thin nhin

(19) Nhn: nhn to, l ca ngi by ra.(20) Dch- kinh:" vt cng tc bin, vt cc tc phn" v Lit tthin Trng Ni cng ni:"


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vt bt cai gi, tc bt phn". Vt m khng n mc cng ca n th khng bin trli. Haicu cng ng mt ngha. Mun" trv" (phn) phi cho bn ng pht trin n cc ca n, th n mi" phn bin" m mt i (m cc Dng sinh quPhc) .(21) Trc gic: l dng theo danh tngy nay, n khng phi l mt thgic quan nh ngita thng gi l " gic quan thsu", hay thtrc gic theo Bergson. Thtrc gic theo

Bergson cng chhat ng trong" dng" sc tng (ni theo danh tnh Pht) cha tht lci trc gic ca i- tri, ca Bt- Nh.NAM- HOA- KINHNI- THINTIU- DIU- DU

NAM HOA KINH - HC THUYT CA TRANG T2 :

A. Bc minh(1) hu ng, kdanh vi Cn(2). Cn chi i, bt tri kkthin l d. Ha nhi viiu, kdanh vi Bng(3). Bng chi bi, bt tri kkthin l d. Nnhi phi, kdc nhcthy thin chi vn. Thiu d, hi vn tc tng t Nam minh. Nam minh gi, thin tr d.THi(4) gi, ch qui gid. Hi chi ngn vit: Bng chi t Nam Minh d, thy kch tamthin l, on ph diu(5) nhi thng gicu vn l, khd lc nguyt tc gid.D m(6) d, trn ai d, sinh vt chi d tc tng xuy d. Thin chi thng thng, kchnhsc da, kvin nhi v sch cc da? Kthhd, dic nhc thtc d h.Thph thuchi tch d bt hu, tc phi chu d v lc. Phc bi thy ao ng chithng, tc gii vi chi chu, tr bi yn tc giao, thy thin nhi chu i d. Phong chi tch d

bt hu, tc kphi dc d v lc, ccu vn l, tc phong t ti hh, nhi hu ni kimbi(7) phong, bi phthanh thin, nhi mc chi yu (8) gi, nhi hu ni kim tng Nam.iu (9) dhc cu(10) tiu chi vit: Ng quyt khi nhi phi thng du phng, thi tc btch, nhkhng a nhi d h. Hd chi cu vn l nhi nam vi. thch mng thng(11) gi,tam xan nhi phn, phc du qunhin. Thch bch l gi, tc thung lng. Thch thin l gi,

tam nguyt tlng.Chi nhtrng, hu h tri?Tiu tr bt cp i tr.Tiu nin bt cp i nin.Hd tri knhin d?Triu khun(12) bt tri hi sc(13) huc(14) bt tri xun thu. Thtiu nin d. Schi namhu minh linh(15) gi, d ng bch tuvi xun, ng bch tuv thu. Thng chu ixun(16) gi, d bt thin tuvi xun, bt thin tuvi thu. (Thi nin d). Nhi Bnh t(17)ni kim d cu c vn, chng nhn tht chi, bt dic bi h!***

Ch thch:(1) Bc minh, cng vit l bc hi: bin Bc.(2) Cn: gc l tn mt thc nh, nhng Trang- tli dng chmt thc ht sc ln.(3) Bng: gc l tn loi chim phng, Trang- tli dng chmt thchim rt ln.(4) T- Hi: Tn ca mt quyn sch, chp nhng vic kqui.(5) D m: l mt thhi t ngoi ng rung. Theo Thch Vn: ma xun, hi nc trnmt ao m. Trn cao nhn xung, thy nh by nga rng, nn gi l d- m. Trn ai: Trn,l bi t; Ai, l bi nh.(6) Ph dao(diu): mt thgi rt mnh tdi ht ln trn khng trung(gi trt).(7) Bi: cng c l bng. Bng, tc l ci ln. Chim Bng trn lp gi ln kia, nn gi lci gi(bng phong).

(8) Yu : yu l gy; l dng li, ngn li. Yu tc l trngi.(9) iu l con ve(thin) hay l ve ni.


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(10) Hc cu: Theo T- M- Bu l mt thchim nh, nhhn con chim cu(11) Mng thng: cnh ng kcn.(12) Triu khun: mt thnm sm nchiu tn.(13) Hi sc: sc, l ngy u thng; hi, l ngy cui thng. y hi l bui ti, sc l buimai.

(14) Huc: l con ve trn ni ma xun sanh ra, ma hcht, ma hsinh ra, ma thu cht.(15) Minh linh: tn mt thcy mc Giang Nam(T- Nguyn). Bn ca Nhng Tng lidch l" ging ra Minh- linh" l sai.(16) i- Xun: tn mt thcy mc Giang- Nam.(17) Tng truyn Bnh t, tn l Khanh, ti ca vua Nghiu, sng ti Ngu- H, n iThng, v th700 nm.

NAM HOA KINH - NI THIN : Tiu dnTrang Chu, thng gi l Trang t(sng trong khong 369- 298 trc Ty lch knguyn) ,c ll mt nh Lo hc cao nht trong cc nh Lo hc cnht Trung- Hoa. T- M-Thin trong S- K, chng Trang tlit- truyn ni: "Trang t, ngi xMng, tn l Chu; nhng khng thy ni l ngi nc no.

Phi Nhn trong Tp- gidn a- l- Ch ra m ni: Huyn Mng, thuc vnc Lng. CnT- M- Trinh trong Sch- n dn li ca Lu- Hng trong Bit- Lc li ni: "ngi xMng, nc Tng".

Nh vy, Trang tl ngi nc no? Lng hay Tng?M- t- Lun trong Trang tTng nhn kho nghin cu hai thuyt trn y rt k, ququytrng Trang tl ngi nc Tng.Theo hM th Trang tsng vo khong Lng Hu- Vng nguyn- nin v Triu- Hu-Vn nguyn- nin. Lng- Hu- Vn nguyn- nin th thuc vkhong nm th6 i Chu-Lit- Vng, cn Triu- Hu- Vn nguyn- nin th nm vo khong Chu- Vn- Vng nmth17. Nh vy, chiu theo ty lch k- nguyn, Trang tsng vo khong 370 v 298 trcTy- lch k- nguyn, ngha l ng thi vi Mnh- t, Hu- tbn , v Aristole, Znon,Epicure bn u.***Stch truyn li vi sng Trang ttht l m- h, khng c chi c thtin l ch xcc. Nhng, cn cvo sch Trang t, nhng cu chuyn thut li, c mt gi- trc bitvphng- din hc- thut, tng cng khng nn khng lu .***i ng rt ngho, gn nh c hn." Trang tngho tng sang Gim- h- Hu vay la. Gim- h- Hu ni:" Ti c ci p spnp tin la. Ti sgip ng trm lng. C c khng?"Trang tgin:" Hm qua, khi Chu n y, gia ng nghe c ting ku. Ngonh li trng,

th thy mt con c ang vng vy trong ci vt bnh xe. Chu ti hi:" C n y lmg?" C ni:" Ti l Thy- thn bng, ng c thgip ti mt chn nc m cu tikhng?" Chu ti ni:" ti qua chi bn pha Nam nc Ng nc Vit, ri khi v, ti sly nc Ty- giang vn ngi. C c khng?" C gin ni:" Ti ang cn nc, ngchcho ti c mt t l sng. Nay ni nh ng, i n lc ng vth n hng c kh,sthy ti ni y!"(Ngoi- Vt)***thin Sn- Mc cng c ni:" Trang tbn o vi m v, giy ct bng dy gaiGp Ngy- vng. Ngy vng ni:

" Tin- sinh khno th?Trang tni:" Ngho, chkhng khno. Ks c o- c, Lo bao gikh. o rch, giy


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h l ngho, khng phi kh. chng qua l v khng gp thi m thi. Phm con khconvn nhy nht ng thong thl nhgp c rng cy to cnh di, trn tru dai do. D cho

bc thin xnh Phng- Mng cng khng sao hn c. Nu n ri gp phi cy kh, gaigc, th shot ng t kh- khn chm chp. Cng thi mt con th, m scng dkhkhc nhau, chn qua v gp phi hon- cnh khng thun lm cho n khng t- do dng tn

s- nng ca n. Nay, sanh khng nhm thi, trn th hn- m, di th lon- tc li munkhng cc nhc vt v, c c khng?"***Tuy l ngho, m lng vn lun-lun thanh- cao, khng bao gichu b thn trong cnh vinhhoa ph qu. Ti Tr y, nu mun li danh, t hn c li danh lp- tc. Nhng, ng mtmc chi tSUy- Vng tng nghe danh ti ca ng, tng vi ng ra lm khanh- tng." Trang tcu trn sng Bc. S- Vng sai hai quan i phu em lvt mi ng ra lmquan. Trang tcm cn cu khng nhc nhch cng khng thm nhn li, ni:" Ti nghe vuaSc con thn quy, cht ba nghn nm. Vua Squ n v ct trn miu ng. Con quyy, chu cht lu li ci xng ca mnh cho ngi sau qu trng hay li chu th sng m

ko l ci ui ca mnh trong bn?" Hai vi- phu ni:" Th sng m ko l ci ui trongbn cn hn!"Trang tni:" Thi, vi. Ta y cng chu ko l ci ui ca mnh trong bn" (Thu-Thy)***mc Lo Trang Thn Hn Lit Nguyn trong SK, T M Thin on bn vnhn cchca ng:" Uy- vng nc Snghe ni Trang Chu l ngi hin trong thin h, sai semhu ln, mun mi ra lm Tng. Trang Chu ci, bo vi sgi:" Ci li ca nghnvng qutrng tht, ci a vkhanh tng qucng qu tht. Nhng ring ng chthy con

b thay sao? c ngi ta sn sc, c mc trang sc vn- va vo Thi- miu.Lc y d c mun c lm con ln ci h cn c na hay khng? ng hy i i, chcn lm nhc ta. Th ta dong chi chn bn ly nh bn cn thy sung sng hn l choklm chmt nc kia tri buc c ta"***" Nc Tng, c To- Thng, c vua sai i snc Tn. Khi ra i, sxe va i. i snc Tn, p lng vua Tn, c ban thm trm cxe.Khi vTng, gp Trang t, ni:" Phm sng trong chn cng l, ng hp, o giy xc xch,thiu ht, khn n cng khnh ng, Thng ny khng thchu c. Lm cho bc chmun xe va , hu thng trm xe, l chstrng ca Thng ny vy".Trang tni:" Ti nghe ni Tn- vng c bnh, triu thy thuc vo cha. Nu mc mtung ca ng ta, th c thng mt xe. Cn ai lim mt ung, th c thng nm xe. Cch

trcng htin bao nhiu, th sxe ban thng cng c tng thm by nhiu. ng trbnh Tn- vng cch no m c nhiu xe n th?" (Lit- ng- khu)***" Hu- tlm quan nc Lng, Trang ttnh qua nc Lng thm. nhng, c kni viHu- t:" Trang tm qua y, l cng ng tranh ngi tng quc." Hu- ts, cho kcanh chng sut ba ngy ba m, i Trang tn th bt.Trang thay chuyn, khng i.Sau ri li n. Gp Hu- t, Trang tbo:" Phng Nam c con chim tn l Uyn- S, ngc bit khng? Uyn- stbin Nam bay qua bin Bc, nu khng gp cy ng ng thkhng chu u; nu khng gp ht luyn th khng n; nu khng gp nc sui trong thkhng ung. C con chim t ang ra xc chut cht gia cnh ng thy Uyn- sbay

ngang, sn ginh ming n nn ku to ln da Uyn- sng p xung. Nay, v scingi tng quc ca ng nc Lng nn ng ku to ln da ti sao?"


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(Thu- Thy)***Theo truyn thuyt th Trang tgiao du rt thn mt vi Hu- t, tn l Thi, cng l ngiTng, v thng hay bin- nn vi nhau lun. Trong sch Trang tc rt nhiu stch vstranh lun ca hai nh, cho ta thy nhn- sinh- quan, cng nh lp- trng t- tng ca i

bn, khc nhau xa, mc d hai bn cng chu nh hng ln nhau." Hu- tni vi Trang t: Ngy- Vng thng ti mt ging da to. Ti trng n c trinng n nm thch. Dng n ng nc, n nng, khng ct nhc c. Bn ra lm bu,th li khng cn dng c chno. u phi n khng to ln, nhng v cho n l v dngnn ti p bn i.Trang tni: Thl ng vng vchi dng n. Nc Tng c ngi kho chc mnthuc cha rn nt da tay, i i chuyn lm nghm t. C ngi hay bit, n xin mua

phng thuc mt trm lng vng. Anh ta bn nhm thn tc bn rng: Nh ta i ilm nghm t, li khng hn svng y, vy xin cho bn.

Ngi khch c phng thuc, em thuyt vua Ng. Nc Vit c nn, vua Ng sai anhlm tng. Nhm ma ng, thy chin vi ngi nc Vit, ngi Vit i bi. Vua Ng

bn ct t m phong thng cho anh ta. Cng thi mt phng thuc trrn nt da tay, mmt ngi c phong, mt ngi khng ra khi ci nghm t; l ti chbit dng haykhng bit dng m khc nhau vy.

Nay ng c tri da nng n nm thch, sao khng bit dng n lm tri ni m thqua sngqua h, m lo chi hvbu tan, khng c chc dng? Th ra v ci lng ca ng hp hicha trc- t ".(Tiu- Diu- Du)***" Mt khi khc, Hu- tni vi Trang t:" Ti c ct cy to, ngi ta gi n l cy Vu. Gcn li lm khng ng dy mc. Nhnh gc n th cong queo khng ng quy c. em trngn ng ci, ngi thmc cng khng thm nhn. Nayli ni ca ng to ln m v-dng, nn ngi ngi u khng thm nghe."Trang tni:" ng ring chng thy con mo rng sao? Co mnh ng np, nhn vt irong, nhy ty nhy ng, khng him cao thp, kt trong d by, cht ni li rp. n nhcon thai ngu, ln nh vng my che mt phng tri, kra cng l to tht, nhng khng th

bt c chut. Nay ng c cy to, li sn v dng. Sao khng em n trng ni tch mch,gia cnh ng rng bao la. Khch ngao du khng lm g, ngi nghdi gc n, khch tiudiu nm nghdi bng n. N skhng cht yu v ba ru, cng khng svt no lm hi.Khng c chno c thdng c, th khn khtu m n c?"(Tiu- Diu- Du)***

" Hu- tgi Trang tm ni:" Li ca ng v- dng". Trang tni:" bit ci chi l v dgn,th cng bit n sao l hu dng. Nh t rng, ngi ta cho n l hu dng, v nhn mi c. Nhng, nu trt chn t chm tn sui vng, ngi ta cn gi n l hu dng nakhng?Hu- tni: V- dng.Trang tni: Vy th r v- dng l hu- dng ."(Ngoi- vt)***thin Thu- Thy, thut rng:" Trang tcng Hu- tng chi trn cu ho thnh. Trang tni:" C xanh, bi li thungdung. C vui ." Hu- tni:" ng khng phi l c, sao bit c vui?"

Trang tni:" ng khng phi ti, sao bit ti khng bit!"Hu- tni:" ti khng phi ng, nn khng thbit c ng, cn ng khng phi c, ng


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cng khng sao bit c ci vui ca c."Trang tni:" Xin xt li cu hi u. ng hi ti lm sao bit c c vui? bit l ti

bit, ng mi c hi" lm sao m bit" Th y, lm thny: ti ng trn ho thnh mbit c".(Thu- Thy)

***Vsau, Hu- tmt. Mt khi Trang ti qua mng, t thng tic:" Tkhi phu- tmt,ti cn cng ai cht vn, bn bc c na!"Gia- nh ng nh thno, skhng thy ni. Chbit ng c v, v vng cht." VTrang tcht, Hu- tn iu. Thy Trang tngi, dui xoc hai chn, va vbn,va ca.Hu- tni: Cng ngi ti gi, c con ln m ngi cht li khng khc, cng l quri, cn vbn ca, khng phi thi qu sao?Trang tni: Khng. Lc nng mi cht, ti sao chng ng lng. Nhng ngh li hi trc, vn l khng sinh. Chng nhng l khng sinh, m vn l khng hnh, m vn lkhng kh. chng qua l tp- cht trong h khng m bin ra m c kh, kh bin ra m

c hnh, hnh bin ra m c sinh, ri li bin ra na m c t. Sinh, hnh, kh, tc khc noxun, h, thu, ng, bn ma hnh- vn. Vli, ngi ta nay yn nghni Nh- Ln m ticthan khc chng l tni khng thng Mng ? Nn ti khng khc."(Ch- Lc)***Trang tmt vo nm no, th khng thy c sch no ghi chp. Chbit rng lc" Trang tgn cht, cc tmun hu tng, nhng Trang tkhng cho. Trang tni:" Ta c tri tlm quan quch, nht nguyt lm ngc bch, tinh- t lm ngc chu, vnvt lm ltng.m tng ca ta nh vy, khng sao? M cn thm chi cho lm vic!"ttha:" Chng con sdiu qun xc Thy!"Trang tni:" Trn th diu qun, di th gii kin n. Cp y m cho ring , sao lic thin lch th!"(Lit- Ng- Khu)

NAM HOA KINH - NI THIN 2 :II. UYN- NGUYN CA HC- THUYT TRANG T:Ci hc ca Trang t, tuy do Lo tm ra, nhng bit lp ra mt phi ring: phi Trang hc.S- K cho rng" ci hc ca ng khng u l bn khng n, nhng gc li dy ca Lot" (1)Ph- bnh hc- thuyt Trang t, thin Thin- Htrong sch Trang tc ni:" o vn thmmt, v hnh m bin ha v thng. Cht, Sng cng Tri t ngang nhau, cng thn minhqua li v lui ti m thy khng thit- thc. Vn- vt bao la m lc trv, khng thm cho

o. l chnghin cu ca ngi xa. Ch Trang Chu nghe qua, p . Mun truyn-b n ra, Trang Chu mn cu chuyn mung, ting ni hoang- ng, li vn khng bn,thng phngtng mung- lung m khng cao d Trang Chu thy i chm m trong -trc, khng hiu c li mnh nn dng" chi ngn" m gieo khp, dng" trng ngn" lmthc s, dng" ngu ngn" cho rng hiu. Ri ring mt mnh li qua cng tri t tinh- thnm khng ngo- nghvn- vt khng hi ti thphi, li sng chung cng thtc. Sch caTrang Chu th khi- v m du dng, khng hi. Li tuy sm- si, m thy ng rn lng khitr. Chsung- thc ca khng dng ng. Trn th do cng to vt, di bn cng" ngoitsanh, v chung- thy". Bn nguyn ca th hong- i m sng sa, su rng v phngtng. Tng chca c ththch- hp vi bc thng- tr. Tuy nhin, tng- chv bn- cn u ng theo to ha m t n vnvt. L ca th khng cng."

(Thin- h)***


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Nh vy, ta thy rng hc thut ca Lo v Trang, c chkhng ng nhau.Lo tcho rng" cng rn th dbbnt, nhn bn th dbmn lt"; v" Kin cng gi,tchi " (chng 76) (cng v mnh hn l bn ca ci cht) , cho nn ng chcho conngi con ng m trnh khi snt mn gy" Tr nhi doanh chi, bt nhkd; suynhi chuyt chi, bt khtrng bo, kim ngc mn ng, mc chi nng th; ph qu nhi kiu,

tdi kcu; cng toi thn thi: thin chi o". (m gichu y, chng bng thi i. Dngdao sc bn, khng bn c lu; vng ngc y nh, kh m gilu; giu sang m kiu, tvi ha u; nn vic lui thn, l o Tri) . (o c Kinh chng 9) .Trang tth chtrng s" v chung- thy, ngoi tsinh", cho nn chm Lo tthc- mcchm- ch, th Trang tli nhn vi cp mt thn nhin, lnh- lng nh khng ng k.***Trong thi kTin Hn (2) , t- tng ca Lo hc c truyn b, cn t tng ca Tranghc th mi n thi Hu- Hn (3) mi c cp n v ph- bin.Bui u nh Hn, danh tHong- Lo c xng- tng v phthng, nhng n cui nhHn (4) mi i ra thnh danh- tLo Trang.Cc nh ch gii Lo t, sng vo khong u nh Hn, khng hni n tn Trang t, cn

cc nh chgii Trang tth thuc vkhong nh Tn (265- 420) sau Ty- lch k- nguyn,tc l triu- i ni lin vi nh Hn (Tam- Quc) . Cho nn, cc hc gii Hn, khi ni nLo hc l chngh n Lo tm thi, ngha l chquan tm n vn i ph vi thicuc. Cho nn trong Ngh- Vn- Chi sd cho rng Lo hc (tc l ci hc ca Lo t) l"

phng- php ca cc bc vng- o ti- v", l v th. Tht vy, Lo tson quyn o-c Kinh l cho cc nh cm quyn trnc thi by gi: ng - xng gii- php" v- vinhi tr".T- M- Thin ni vci hc ca Lo Trang c vit:" Trit- l ca Trang t, khc vi Lo t,li mun siu- thot khi vn- nhn- gian th- s. Khi ng ni n cc v vua u tin canh Hn, cho rng cc bc y ly" v vi nhi- tr" l c mun ni rng cc bc trnc y pdng trit l ca Lo t. Chn cui i nh Hn (220 sau T. L) th ngi ta mi bt u ch n Huyn- hc, by gisch ca Lo tcng c ngi ta dng ci hc ca Trang tmgii thch. Nh vy ta thy rng, tuy khi thy hnh lp trng trit- l ca hai nh ngring nhau m vn c slin hvi nhau lun."Chtng ng ca Lo tv Trang tl chai u cng mt quan nim vo v c, vchai u chng i t tng truyn thng v chng thi. V, v vy m T- M-Thin t tn hc- phi ny l o- c Gia, v ng cho rng hai quan nim o v c lnn tng chung ca Lo hc.***Trang tsng vo khong na thkthba trc Ty lch k- nguyn (369- 298 trc T. Lk- nguyn) tc l thuc vmt thi- khn- lon nht ca Trung- Hoa: thi Chin- quc.

Bi vy, c ngi cho rng" trc mt hon- cnh x hi nhiu nhng m phi tri ri bi,tht gikhng phn, chng ta hn khng ly chi lm lm thy Trang tchtrng t tngsiu nhin, em cp mt bnh thn m lnh lng m nhn xem x hi svt". Ni th, khnghn l khng c l do, v nu xt chung t tng ca Trang t, ta thy ng cc lc phn ihu ht mi hc thuyt, chca ng thithin T- Vt- Lun, ng ni:" Chu Nho, Mc chi thphi, d thksphi, nhi phi ksth". (bi vy mi c ci Phi Quy ca Nho Mc. Nho Mc th ly Phi lm Quy, ly Quylm Phi)i din cho Nho- hc thi by gith c Mnh- t; cn i din cho Mc- hc th c TngHinh, Hu- Thi v Cng- tn Long th i din cho nhm danh gia.thin T- Vt- Lun ng ni:" Vthnh htm nhi hu ThPhi, thkim nht thch Vit nhi

tch chi d Cd kin bch chi mui chung" (Lng mnh v cha thnh m c Phi Quy.Nn chi ngy hm nay i sang nc Vit m tba hm qua ti ri vy Cho nn,


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sut i cam chu ti tm v thuyt" Kin Bch") .Cu" kim nht thch Vit nhi tch ch d" l m chbin- thuyt ca HuThi; cn cu" dkin- bch chi mui chung" l ni vthuyt Lin bch ca Cng- tn Long. l nhng chm Trang tph bnh hc thuyt ca ngi ng thi, em ci thuyt" tth

phi, ng d, tiu i" ca ng ra m chm i cc nh thch dng bn lun. Theo ng th" i

din bt ngn", cn nhng bin gitrn u chl nhng bn ngi bin t. (tiu bin) .Thi y c T- Hoa- tchtrng s" ton sinh vi thng" v m- H chtrng" v- thn,bt vquc", u l nhng ktha hng ci hc ca Dng- Chu. Trang tem ci thuytT- Vt nh lng t- k, chia phn Nh- Ng ca ngi ng thi cn sng thin tronggii Nh- nguyn. L v, theo Trang t, hcn ni" v mnh" tc l cn thy chc mnh mkhng thy c ngi, trong khi stht th" Vt Ng vi Nht".thin i- Tng- S ng vit: Cchi chn- nhn, bt tri duyt sanh, bt tri - t Bt tri sd sanh, bt tri sd t, bt tri tu tin, bt tri tu hu" (Bc chn nhn i xa, khng thamsng, khng ght cht Khng bit chsd sng, khng bit chsd cht, khng bit chn trc, khng bit chn sau) Ngha l ngi t o phi l kng trn vn Sanh, T, khng vk, khng qu ch trng n bn thn m suy tnh li hi qu ng nh

cc chtrng ni trn.Phn i nhng t tng vk, tc l phn i lng tham lam ch k, ng li cng phn i cs" X- k thch- nhn", ngha l bci chn- tanh ca mnh m chy theo kkhc. thini- Tng- S ng ni:" Hnh danh tht k, phi s d. Vong thn bt chn, phi dch nhn d.(Lm theo danh, m bmt mnh, khng phi l ks. Lm mt thn mnh, khng r ci lchn tht ni mnh, cng chng phi l ksai c ngi vy) . ng cho rng" nh H- Bt-Giai, V- Quang, B- Di, Thc- T, C- T, T- D, K- Tha, Thn - ch, thdch nhnchi dch, thch nhn chi thch nhi bt tthch kthch gid. (i- Tng- S)V, nh Lo t, ng cng cc lc phn i Nhn, Ngha ca phi hu- vi thi y. Ci hc"trc- vt" v s" cu- tri" cng bng ph:" Ng sinh hu nhai, nhi tri v nhai. Dhu nhai, ty v nhai, i h!" (Dng-Sinh- Ch) .***Tm li, i vi thi i, ng phn i hu ht cc hc thuyt cng chthi : phn i

Nho, Mc, phn i nhm danh gia bin thuyt nh Hu- Thi, Cng- Tn- Long, phn ilng v- k, trng t- sinh, st li- hi, phn i cNhn, Ngha v ci thi" cu- tri", " trc-hc", " x- kthch nhn", nht l nhng hnh ng hu- vi ca nhm php- gia thi by gi.Tuy nhin sphn i y ca Trang tkhng phi l li phn i cng kch ca ngi phnth(ght i l v bt mn i vi i) m thc ra l li lp- ngn c bit ca ngi " vtqua bn bn kia" " o bngn", theo danh tnh Pht, con ngi gii thot" trvngunci" ca ci" Sng Mt" m ta sthy trnh by sau y.

NAM HOA KINH - NI THIN 3 :

III. SCH CA TRANG TSch Trang t, theo Hn- th Ngh- Vn- Ch, th c n nm mi hai (52) thin. Nay chthy cn c ba mi ba (33) thin. C phi v ngi sau (Quch- Tng) dn liv phn lithin chng, hay v ngi ta lm lc i 19 thin kia?Ba mi ba thin, li chia ra lm 3 phn (theo bn ca Quch- Tng l bn thng- hnh hinthi) : Ni- thin, Ngoi- thin v Tp- thin.

Ni- thin gm c 7 thin:Tiu- Diu- DuT- Vt- LunDng- Sinh- Ch

Nhn- Gian- Th

c- Sung- Phi- Tng- S


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ng- - VngNgoi- thin gm c 15 thin:Bin- MuM- Kh- C

Ti- HuThin- aThin- oThin- VnKhc- Thin- TnhThu- ThyCh- Lct- SinhSn- Mcin- T- Phng

Tr- Bc- DuTp- thin gm c 11 thin:Canh- Tang- ST- V- QuTc- Dng

Ngoi- VtNg- NgnNhng- Vngo- ChchDuyt- Kim

Ng- PhLit- Ng- KhuThin- HSphn bit chng thnh trn, phn ng cc hc giu cho rng khng phi do chnhtay Trang tsp t, m do ngi sau an bi.T- ng- Pha, trong Trang tTng Kcho rng" phn bit cc chng, t tn ccthin l do ni thtc, khng phi bn- ca Trang t".Cn ng- Lan, trong Lo am ch- Tnh- Danh Ha nin i kho v C- sbin th chorng" sphn- bit Ni, Ngoi v Tp thin u l do tay ca Lu- Hng c".Cn cvo vn- thi v vn- mch m xem, th thy chc Ni- thin l biu- thc chtrng- yu ca hc thuyt Trang tm thi. Cn Ngoi- thin v Tp- thin, th phn nhiu

ri rc v chbn ibn li nhng t tng ph- din Ni- thin m thi.Phm nghin cu vmt hc- thuyt no, stm ti- liu chnh- xc v ph- bnh ti- liu lvn quan trng nht. C c nh thth snghin cu ca ta mi c chnh- nh, khisxuyn tc v bt cng, mang ti vu oan cnhn.Phn bit c schn- ngy trong cc thin chng trong sch Trang tl vic rt gay go

phin phc. Trong quyn Trang ttinh hoa (5) , c dnh ring mt chng kh y chovn ny, nn khng lp li niy lm g na.

Nay chtm li i- khi nh sau: Ni- thin rt khc vi Ngoi v Tp- thin cvVn-Ngh, T- Tng v thn thi trong cu vn. Nu Ni- thin do Trang tvit ra, th Ngoi vTp thin chc chn do kkhc vit, khng thl cng mt ngi c. Tuy vy, trong Ngoiv Tp thin thnh thong cng c mt vi chng m thn- vn llng hng- v, chng

nhng vn hay m tcng thm, nu khng pha do nhng kc mt hc- lc uyn thm nhTrang t, chc cng kh lng m vit ra cho c.


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Cho nn, mt phn cng c thcho l chnh tay Trang tvit ra, cn phn nhiu chc chn ldo kkhc hc Trang tm vit ra.

Nh Ngai- thin, cc thin Bin- Mu, M- , Kh- C, Khc- , Thin- TnThin thvn kh bnh din, li ni rt tm thng, thin cn. Ton thin chc mt , nhng m cnii ni li m thi, dng nh l nhng bi sch lun ca hu hc.

Thin Thin- Vn ni vvic Khng- tving Lo thi Lth li ging vi cu chuynchp S- K ca T- M- Thin, ta li thy rng vn trong Thin- Vn rt tp nhp, kh-tng tm thng khng sao theo kp vn- ttrong S- k, c khi cn cao hn mt bc lkhc. Cho nn, chc chn thin Thin- Vn Ngoi- thin l ngy th, do khu hc thmvo.Cc thin o- Chch, Ng- Ph, Duyt- Kim, Nhng- Vng th vn tthin- bc, nhngchchtrch Khng- ty ngo ngh, tha mchni cho hh lng phn ut, khngging thn- thi ca Trang tNi- thin.Cn nh cc thin Thin- o, Thin- a, Ch- Lc, Sn- Mc, Ti- Hu th t tng tpnhp, ngi vit c khi cha tht hiu tinh thn t tng ca Trang tnn nhiu khi xuyntc, c khi dng li ni mm mp ca Nho- gia m ging vTrang t.

u l nhng bi do cc hc githeo phi Lo Trang vsau vit ra c.***i vi Ni- thin, hc giphn ng u nhn nhn rng rt c thu do chnh tay Trang tvit ra.

Nhng ng- Lan cho rng, ring chng T- Tang- Hthin i Tng- S khng gingvi my chng trc m gi ngay Khng- t. Ring ti, cng hoi nghi chng ny, l vtrong thin i- Tng- S, t tng ca Trang trt thun nht i vi vn- Sanh- T.Trang tcho rng Sanh- Tl mt thin vci ngha ca Sanh- t. TTang- Hcht, haingi bn nh n v ca bn xc Tang- H:" Than i! Tang- H! Than- i! Tang- H! trvci chn, cn chng ta cn l ngi! i!". Thl tting ca y, ta thy nhng nginy mng cho Tang- H, m ring bung cho mnh cn phi sng lm ngi. Nh vy, tathy ton chng biu thci " vui cht bun sng", rt tri vi tng ca Trang tT-Vt cng nhng chng khc thin ai- Tng- S na.Vy, ring mt chng ny, ti tin rng khng phi ca Trang tvit ra, v kphn thinchng v xem xt khng k nn chp lm vo y. Ta nn bhn chng ny v sp n qua

Ngoi hay Tp thin.Thin Nhn- Gian- Thcng ng hoi nghi l ngy- th na. L v th- ti chung ca Ni-thin khng ging vi thin ny. Trong cc thin khc Ni- thin th u c lun, c d.

Nh ng- - Vng th c trc d, sau lun, i- Tng- S th trc lun, sau d. c-Sung- Ph th trc d, sau lun; Dng- Sinh- Ch th trc lun, sau d. Chnh hai thinTiu- Diu- Du v T- Vt- Lun th dv lun giao ln nhau hn nhin nh mt th. Nh

vy ta thy rng Ni thin, vn php ti lui c quy- tc lm.Duy c Nhn- Gian- Thth khng phi vy na:Chng thnht: ni vchuyn Nhan- Hi mun du- thuyt V- Qun, hi ni Khng- t.Chng thhai: chuyn gia cng- tCao i xnc T.Chng thba: chuyn gia Nhan- Hp v C- B- Ngc.Chng tgt: chuyn ngi thmc tn Thch qua nc Tgp cy lch- x.Chng thnm: chuyn Nam- B T- Kthy cy i mc.Chng thsu: chuyn mt ngi qu nc T.Chng thby: chuyn Khng- tqua nc Sgp Cung- Tip- D.Ton thin thut rng l c- s, khng ging bt php ca su thin kia. Nh vy, khng phil do mt ngi vit ra.

Hn na, ngha trong thin Nhn- Gian- Thny cng khng lin qun: chng th4, th5, th6 u ly t- dnhng vt nhbt ti m c an ton, khng n chu g vi t tng


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ca nhng chng trn. Chng 4 v 5 cng u l nhng tng trng- phc

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