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HowtointegrateNagiosandCCMStomonitorSAPsystemlandscapes
StefanSchindewolf
Copyright2004byStefanSchindewolf
2004-07-28ver1.0
Abstract
SAPAGsComputingCenterMonitoringSystemisaunifiedplatformformonitoringandadministratingallsystemsinaSAPSystemLandscape.NearlyeverythingcanbecheckedbyCCMS,fromthelowesthardwareleveloveroperatingsystemdataanddatabasesuptowholebusinessprocessesinanERPsystem.
Nagiosisanopensourcetoolforsystemmonitoringandoffersalsoawiderangeoftoolstocheckandmanageasystemlandscape.Itdisplaysitsdatainanicebrowserinterfaceandiscabableofautomaticreactiontofailures,es-calationroutesandnotifyingadminsviamail,smsorpager.
ThisdocumentaimstoexplainhowtoconfigureNagiossothatitcollectsdatafromSAPsystems.StrongNagiosknowhowisrecommended.
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TableofContents1.Administrata1.1.AuthorshipandCopyright1.2.Acknowldedgements1.3.CommentsandCorrections1.4.LatestVersionsandTranslations
2.HowNagiosworks
2.1.TheArchitecture2.2.ThePlugins
3.HowCCMSworks3.1.TheArchitecture3.2.ImportantTechnicalTerms3.3.HowCCMSDatacanberetrievedbyNagios
4.HowtoconfigureNagios4.1.InstallingthePlugins4.1.1.RPMinstallation4.1.2.Sourcetarballinstallation4.1.3.Furthersteps
4.2.FeaturesandChoosingConfiguration4.3.PreparationsinyourSAPSystem4.4.TheFilesin/etc/sapmon4.4.1.Theagent.cfg4.4.2.Thelogin.cfg4.4.3.Themoni_tr.cfg4.5.NagiosConfiguration4.5.1.Nagios`hosts.cfg4.5.2.Nagios`commands.cfg4.5.3.Nagios`services.cfg
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4.6.Testing
5.Errata5.1.Resources
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1.Administrata
1.1.AuthorshipandCopyright
Thisdocumentiscopyright(c)2004StefanSchindewolf,Permissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheOpenSoftwareLicens(OSL),version1.1,exceptfortheprovisionsIlistinthenextparagraph.TheOSLlicensetermscanbefoundathttp://opensource.org/licences/osl-1.1.txt.
IfyouwanttocreateaderivativeworkorpublishthisHOWTOforcommercialpurposes,Ireallywouldappreciateitifyoucontactmefirst.Youwillthenbegiventhemostrecentversionofthisdocument.Additionallyitwouldbeveryniceifyouwouldprovidemewithacopyofyourwork,sothatthebenefitisalsoonmysideofthetable.Ifsomeonerecognizesfactualerrors,pleasedo
nothesitatetoprovidemewithacorrectedversionofthisdocument.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2.AcknowledgementsThankstotheSAPLinuxLabforalltheirgreatworktheydoandallthesupporttheygiveeventotheslightestofproblems.OntheirbehalfItookoverthemaintenanceofthisproject.Ifanyonewantstojoinandhelpme-Iwouldmorethanappreciateit!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3.CommentsandCorrectionsTherearenoCommentsorCorrectionsinversion1.0atthistime.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.4.LatestVersionsandTranslationsYouarenowreadingthelatestversion.Notranslationsintowhatsoeverlanguageareplanned.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.HowNagiosworks
2.1.TheArchitecture
Nagiosisaplugin-basedsystemmonitoringsolution.Thepluginscanbe
writteninanylanguage.WhatNagiositselfdoesisstartingtheplugininashellandreadingtheoutputofthecommandandthereturncode.Thereforethepluginshouldalwaysreturnanexitcodeandsometext.ThistextwilllaterbedisplayedintheField"StatusInformation"inNagioswhiletheexitcodeisthebasisforthe"Status"fieldofNagios(Unknown,Warning,Critical,OK)NagiosisfreesoftwarebytermsoftheGPLandcanbeobtainedviahttp://www.nagios.org-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.2.ThePlugins
Nagios'pluginsprovidetheactualdatagatheringfortheNagioscore.Theyconnecttohostsanddatabases,collectvariousdataofsystemresourcesanddeliverthedatabacktoNagios.Thepluginsfornagioscanbeobtainedviahttp://nagiosplug.sourceforge.net-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.HowCCMSworks3.1.TheArchitecture
WithSAPBasisRelease4.0theCCMSMonitoringArchitecturewasintroduced.Itisasystemtonoticeproblems(calledalerts)inatreestructure,assig-ningdifferentwarninglevelstothem(green,yellow,red).CCMSconsistsofseverallayersanddifferentelementsmakingitveryflexibleandcapable.ThebasisofCCMSaretheDataSuppliers.Theyprovidemonitoringdataforex-ternalmonitoringsystems,thesocalledDataConsumer.SAPAlertmonitorissuchaDataConsumers.Itprovidesthenecessaryinfra-structuretocontrolmonitoringobjectsandtheirthresholdsandinitiatingalertstoadministrators.
FormoreinformationonCCMSpleaseseehttp://service.sap.com/monitoring-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2.ImportantTechnicalTerms
Alert-ProblemnotificationwithintheCCMSAlertmonitor.Thevaluesofadatasupplierarecomparedtothegiventhreholds.TheAdministratorsattentionisthenguidedtotheproblemsbydifferentcolors.
Monitor-CollectionofMTE(MonitorTreeElements),assembledinahierarchy
MTE-MonitorTreeElementsareknotsinthemonitortree.Therearethree
differentkinds:monitorattributes,monitorobjectsandmonitorcol-lections.
Monitorobjects-Representobjectswhichyoucanmonitor.Theycanbedatabasetable-spaces,harddisksorSAPSystemcomponents.
Monitorattributes-Thesearethebasicelementsinthemonitortree.Theydescribethestatusofthemonitorobjects.Fourdifferentkindsexist:Performanceattr.,Statusattr.,Protocolattr.andTextattr.ExceptforTextattr.allattributescanraisealerts(andarethereforevaluabletoNagios).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3.HowCCMSDatacanberetrievedbyNagios-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.HowtoconfigureNagios
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4.1.InstallingtheCCMSPlugins
TheeasiestwayofinstallationatthemomentshouldbetheRPMway.PleasedownloadtheRPMsfromoneofthevariousFTPServersoftheSuSEcompany.IwillprovideSourceRPMsandselfcompiledRMPsasap.Additionallytherewillbeatarballsoon.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1.1.RPMinstallation
PleaserefertothemostrecentversionofSuSELinuxProfessionalandtakethepackagesfromitsFTPserver.YoushouldalwaysinstallthewholeNagiossuitefromRPM.BetterdonotcompileNagiosyourselfandthentrytoinstalltheRPMsbecausethesourcecodeversionofNagioslackscertainfeatureswewillneedfortheCCMSPlugins.
Example:-Gotoftp.gwdg.deandenterthedirectory/pub/suse/i386/9.1/suse/i586-Downloadallpackagesbymgettingnagios*-InstalltheRPMsonyourLinuxbox
YounowonlywouldhavetoedittheconfigurationfilesandstartNagios.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1.2.RPMinstallation
ThissectionwillfollowwhenIfinishedthesourcetarballs.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1.3.Furthersteps
PleaseconfigurenowyournagiossystemforallthemonitoringyouwanttodoexcepttheSAPpart.IwillnotcoverthewholeconfigurationprocedureofNagiosinthisdocument.Thisisverywellanddetaileddocumentedon
http://www.nagios.org/docs/-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.2.FeaturesandChoosingConfiguration
-Starting/StoppingofSAPSystems-StartSAPGUIandconnecttoSAPSystem-OpenSecureShelltoSAPHostGiventhatyouconfiguredyourNagios"alias"valuesaccordingtoSAPstandardyouwillbeabletostart/stopyourSAPSystembyclickingonthehostnameinNagiosandchoosingtheoptioninthenextwindow.ThesamecountsforSSHandSAPGUIconnection.
-ChangethresholdsofCCMSMonitorsClickingontheNagioscommandresultontherightoftheNagiosstatusscreenyouwillbeabletochangethethresholdsofthequeriedmonitors.
-CommandList:ThesecommandsprovideHTML/CGIoutputfornagios,enablingthefeaturesabovementioned.NotethatforfullfeatureuseyouwillhavetoinstalltheSuSEnagiosversionwhichprovidesthecorrectinterfaceforallfeatures
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check_sap
Showsasinglevaluefromthegivenmonitortemplatecheck_sap_multiple
Showsasetofvaluesatatimecheck_sap_instance
ProvidesSAPstandarddataforanappserver-CCMS
PinghastobeinstalledontheHostcheck_sap_system
Checksawholesystemlandscapeincludingapplication
serversandtheirdata
Thecommandsprovidethesamedataastheaboveones,buttheiroutputisplaintext,makingthemcompatiblewitheverynagiosversion.
check_sap_conscheck_sap_system_conscheck_sap_instance_conscheck_sap_mult_no_thr
Consoleversionofcheck_sap_multiple-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.3.PreparationsinyourSAPSystems
Given,youhavechosenascenarioforNagios(seesection3.3fordeatils)youcancontinuewiththeconfigurationoftheSolutionManageroryourSAPSystems.IneachSAPInstanceyouwanttomonitorwithNagiosyouwillhavetocreateaRFCuserwithminimumcredentials.Or,asalreadymentioned,youcreatethe
useronceintheSolutionManager.Mostlyyouwillonlywanttocheckyourproductivesystemsandleavetherestunattendedsothatprocedureshouldbeofminimumimpact.IwilldescribetheprocedureforanR34.6Csystem,itmightdifferforotherSAPproducts.
FirstcreatetheusercredentialsinyourSAPsystem.Pleasecheckwithyouruseradministrationforaminimumsetofcredentialsandanexplicitrole.
Forexample:-LogontoyourSAPSystem-Gototransaction"PFCG"-Choose"0000:B:NAG"asrolenameand"CredentialsforNagiosuser"asdes-
cription-SelectCreatefromtheButtonsbelow-Selectthecredentialsforyourrole.AsIdidthispointnotmyself,Istronglyrecommendyoutoletanexperiencedroleadmnistratordothis.-Applythesettings,generatetheroleandexit
Nextstepistocreatetheuserandassigntheroletohim.
Example:-LogontoyourSAPSystem-Gototransaction"SU01"-Choose"nagios"astheuserid-SelectCreatefromthebuttonsabove
-Maintainminimumpersonaldataforthisuser-Selectthetab"LogonData"-Choose"Usergroupforauthorizationcheck"->SUPPORT-Choose"Usertype"->SERVICE-Choose"InitialPassword"->"monitor"-Selecttab"roles"-Choose"0000:B:NAG"-Selecttab"Profiles"-Choose"0000:B:NAG"-Saveyourdataandexit
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YouhavenowcreatedyourRFCuserfornagios.AftereditingtheconfigfilesfortheCCMSPluginsyoushouldbeabletoretrievedatafromyoursystem.------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.TheFilesin/etc/sapmon
Inastandardinstallationalltheconfigurationdataofthepluginsisstoredin/etc/sapmon.Adetaileddescriptionofeachfilefollows.------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.1.Theagent.cfg
ThisfileprovidesinformationabouttheCCMSAgentsyouwanttoquerywithNagios.TheseAgentsarerepresentedinthisfileasTEMPLATES.Therearetwokindoftemplates,simpleonesandextendedones.------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.1.1.Commandstructureandnamesofthetemplates
Asdescribedindetailinsection4.4.2.thecommandstructureoftheNagiospluginsisasfollows.
4.4.1.2.SimpleTemplates
SimpleTemplates:[TEMPLATE_]ChooseanameforthetemplateDESCRIPTION=ArbitrarydescriptionfieldSYSTEM=WildcardsmaybeusedAPPL-SERVER=WildcardsmaybeusedVALUE=Whatdoyouwanttomonitor?
Exampleforasimpletemplate:[TEMPLATE_MYFIRSTTEMPLATE]SYSTEM=P03
APPL-SERVER=*VALUE=DIALOG_RESPONSE_TIME
ThistemplatewillshowthedialogresponsetimeofallapplicationserversofthesystemP03.Note:TheVALUEparameterisastringwhichhastobetakencharacterforcharacterfromthemonitornamesintransactionRZ20inyourSAPsystem.Important:ThenameofthetemplateinTEMPLATE_mustbeinuppercase!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.1.3.ExtendedTemplates
ExtendedTemplatesprovidemuchmoreinformationastheycanbeusedtoquery
wholeCCMSmonitorsets.Wildcardsarealsoallowed.
Thetemplatesarestructuredasfollows:
[TEMPLATE_]DESCRIPTION= ArbitrarydescriptionfieldMONI_SET_NAME=
MonitorcollectioninRZ20MONI_NAME=
NameofthespecificmonitorMAX_TREE_DEPTH=
MonitorloadingdepthPATTERN_0=\\\
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MONI_SET_NAMEistthenameofthemonitorcollectionintheentryscreenoftransactionRZ20,e.g."SAPAdminWorkplace"oranyselfconfiguredmonitorset.MONI_NAMEisthenameofthemonitorwithinthegivenmonitorset,forexample"OperatingSystem".MAX_TREE_DEPTHcontrolshowmuchlevelsofthemonitorareloaded.InRZ20youcanexpandthemonitortreetoseethemonitorobjectsandattributes.Eachexpandinglevelisastepinthemonitortree.Thedefaultvalueis0,loadingthewholemonitor.PATTERN_0isapatternwhichyoucouldusetoselectthedataprovidedtoNagiosmoregranular.Examples:
PATTERN_0="P03\sapserv01_P03_00\CPU\5minLoadAverage"selectsthemonitorattribut"5minLoadAverage"fromthemonitorobject"CPU".Theserver(context)willbe"sapserv01_P03_00".
PATTERN_0="P03\*\CPU\5minLoadAverage"willselectthesamedataasabovebutforallserversofthesystemlandscapeofsystemP03.
PATTERN_0="*\*\/oracle\Percentage_Used"willselectthe"Percentage_Used"valueofthefilesystem"/oracle"inthesystemtowardsthecommandisrun.
Important:ThenameofthetemplateinTEMPLATE_mustbeinuppercase!!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.2.Thelogin.cfg
ThisfileprovidesthelogoninformationforeachSAPSystemyouwanttocheckwithNagios.Pleasecutitscredentialsforothersandthegroupsothatnoonecanspyoutyourlogondata.Again->thisfileisapotentialsecurityrisktoyoursystemlandscape!Makeitsafeanddonotassignanyadministra-tiverolesorprofilestoyournagiosRFCuser!
Theentriesinthisfilefollowthisscheme:
[LOGIN_]LOGIN=-d-u-p-c-h-s\
Forinstance:[LOGIN_sapser01]LOGIN=-dP03-unagios-pmonitor-c030-hsapser01-s02
Thiswilllogontheuser"nagios"withthepassword"monitor"intotheSAPSystem"P03"onhost"sapser01".Clientwillbe"030",systemnumber"02".-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.4.3.Themoni_tr.cfg
NothingtoedithereforNagiosAdmins.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5.NagiosConfiguration
DependingonwhichfeaturesoftheCCMSpluginsyouwouldliketouseseveralchangestoyourNagiosinstallationandconfigurationhavetobemade.
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Notethattheoutputofyourcommandsshouldnotexceed80charactersasthisisthemaximumNagioswillaccept.ThisisespeciallyimportantifyouusethecommandsprovidingHTMLoutput.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5.1.Nagios`hosts.cfg
DefineyourSAPHostlikeanyotherhostinyournagioslandscape.Afterthatedittheparameter"alias"like"__.Example:
definehost{host_name sapserv01alias sapserv01_P03_00address
10.17.72.234....
}-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5.2.Nagios`commands.cfg
TheCCMScommandshavetobedefinedasfollows:
definecommand{command_name check_sapcommand_line
$USER1$/check_sap$ARG1$$ARG2$
}
Repeatthesedefinitionforeachcommandyouwouldliketouse.Seesection4.2."FeaturesandChoosingConfiguration"forallcommandsyoucanconfigure.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5.3.Nagios`services.cfg
AserviceforCCMSisdefinedlikeanyotherserviceforNagios.Themostim-portantlineisthecheck_commandwhereyoudefinetheparametersforyourcheckcommands.
defineservice{use genericservicehost_name
sapserv01....check_command check_sap!!...
}-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.6.TestingandTroubleshooting
Usetheconsolecommandoutput(e.g.check_sap_cons)totestyourconfigu-ration.Inyourworkingdirectoryafilenamed"def_rfc.trc"willbegeneratedindicatingproblemswithyoulogondata.Ifyourcommanddoesnotreturnanydata,perhapsyoudidnotconfigureyouragent.cfgcorrectly.Lookoutformisspelling,especiallyupper/lowercasemiswritings.
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Testingextendedtemplates:Startconfiguringyourextendedtemplatelikethis:[TEMPLATE_01]DESCRIPTION=LoadaverageMONI_SET_NAME=SAPCCMSAdminWorkplaceMONI_NAME=OperatingsystemMAX_TREE_DEPTH=0PATTERN_0="*"
Thencheckitwith./check_sap_cons01.GivenyouhavespelledMONI_SET_NAMEandMONI_NAMEcorrectlyyoushouldreceivealistfromyourSAPsystemwithallmonitorcontextsyoucanquery.Onceyouhavethelist,editPATTERN_0torefineyoulist.Repeatthisuntilyouhaveconfiguredyourtemplatecorrectly.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Errata
FeelfreetousethisdocumentasabasisforyourNagiosandCCMSconfi-guration,butonlyatyourownrisk!Igivenoguaranteethateverythingworksfineorthatyoursystemlandscapeissafefromdamage.AlsoIcannottakeresponsibilityfortheresultstheuseofthisdocument
leadsto.IfyouareuncertainofsomepointspleasewritetomedirectlyortothemailinglistforgeneralSAP/Linuxissues:
[email protected]@listserv-sap.com-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
