N1_G3_U1_Apunts_Angles.pdf

NotesN1 · B3 · Unitat 1

“Hi ha alguna habitació lliure?”

N1-B3-Unitat 1 “Hi ha alguna habitació lliure?”

Index

Presentation 1 Making suggestions 2 Expressing a general opinion 3 Speculating about likely events 4 Indicating obligation 5 Giving advice 7 Making comparisons 9 Phonetic and orthographic content 12


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Presentation

Objectives Next you will find the notes for all topics learnt in this unit. Once learnt, you will be able to reach the following goals: · Making suggestions. · Expressing a general opinion. · Speculating about likely events. · Indicating obligation. · Giving advice. · Making comparisons.


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1. Making suggestions

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know:

· the structures to make suggestions. Structures to make suggestions

· Per què no anem a Valldemossa? · Podríem llogar un cotxe.

verb poder in conditional + verb in infinitive

per què + no + verb in present indicative?


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2. Expressing a general opinion

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know: · the structure to express a general opinion.

Structure to express a general opinion

· Diuen que Sicília és caríssima.

diuen + que + sentence


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3. Speculating about likely events

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know: · the structures to speculate about likely events.

Structures to speculate about likely events

· Deu ser car, aquest hotel. · En aquest alberg, deuen tenir habitacions lliures.

deu deuen

+ verb in infinitive


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4. Indicating obligation

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know: · the periphrasis haver de + infinitive, · the periphrasis caldre + infinitive, · vocabulary.

Periphrasis haver de + infinitive

This periphrasis has a personal form, with the verb conjugated in all the persons, and an impersonal form. To make the personal form, we need to know the present of the verb haver:

jo tu ell / ella / vostè nosaltres vosaltres ells / elles / vostès

he has ha hem heu han

· Hem d’agafar les ulleres de sol. · Si vas a l’Alguer no has de portar moneda estrangera. The impersonal form does not specify who is responsible for the action. In these cases, the verb is always expressed in the 3rd person (singular or plural, depending on the noun itrefers to), and it is preceded by the pronoun s’ (contracted form of the es).

s’ + ha / han + de + infinitive · On s’ha de demanar informació sobre els horaris dels museus? · Per visitar l’església de Sant Martí, s’han de demanar les claus.

verb haver + de + infinitive


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4. Indicar obligacions

Periphrasis caldre + infinitive

· Cal posar-se crema protectora solar. · Per viatjar a l’Alguer no cal agafar el passaport. In contrast to the periphrasis haver de + infinitive, the periphrasis caldre + infinitive can only take an impersonal form:

cal + infinitive · Cal dur roba d’abric. · Cal portar molts diners.

verb caldre + infinitive

Vocabulary Luggage:

el banyador, la càmera, la crema solar, la maleta, el paraigua, el passaport, la roba d’abric, la tenda de campanya, la tovallola de platja, les ulleres de sol.


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5. Giving advice

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know: · the conditional form of the periphrases haver de + infinitive and caldre + infinitve, · vocabulary.

Conditional form of the periphrases haver de + infinitive and caldre + infinitve

We can give orders with the conditional form of the periphrases haver de + infinitive and caldre + infinitive. · Hauríem de deixar els objectes de valor a la caixa de seguretat de l’hotel. · Per conèixer bé la ciutat, s’hauria de visitar caminant. · Caldria trucar a l’hotel i preguntar si hi ha habitacions lliures. In these cases, the intention of the instructions, rather than obliging, is that of giving advice or suggesting. Sometimes, we also resort to the conditional form of these periphrases in order to mitigate the feeling of imposition or command conveyed by the instructions. · Perdonin, haurien d’omplir la fitxa. · Durant la nit, s’hauria de fer silenci. · Caldria deixar l’habitació abans de les 12 del migdia.


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5. Giving advice

Conditional form of theperiphrases haver de +infinitive and caldre + infinitve

The conditional form of the verb haver is the following:

jo tu ell / ella / vostè nosaltres vosaltres ells / elles / vostès

hauria hauries hauria hauríem hauríeu haurien

The conditional form of the verb caldre followed by an infinitive is caldria. · Caldria dur roba d’abric.

Vocabulary Tourist accommodation:

l’alberg (m.); el bar; el càmping; la casa rural; la fonda; l’hotel (m.). Places of tourist interest: la catedral; el castell; el centre; el jardí; el museu; el palau; el passeig; la platja; el port; la rambla; les vistes.


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6. Making comparisons

Contents In order to achieve this objective you need to know: · comparative structures expressing sameness, · comparative structures expressing difference, · the expression en canvi, · the use of ser + semblant and assemblar-se, · vocabulary.

Comparative structures to express sameness

In order to express sameness, we say:

X + verb ser + tan + adjective + com + Y

X + verb ser + igual + que + Y · Palma és tan maca com Barcelona. · Pel que fa al turisme, Palma és igual que Barcelona.


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Comparative structures to express difference

Remember that we express superiority with the més and millor, and inferiority, with the forms menys and pitjor:

X + verb ser + més / menys + adjective + que + Y

X + verb ser + millor / pitjor + que + Y

X + no + verb ser + tan + adjective + com + Y · Barcelona és més gran que Palma. · Sicília és menys turística que Barcelona. · En alguns aspectes, Palma és millor que Barcelona. · El trànsit de Barcelona és pitjor que el de Palma. · Palma no és tan sorollosa com Barcelona.

Phrase en canvi We use en canvi to introduce two different pieces of information, contrasting them.

A Palma, la gent no té pressa, no crida. En canvi, a Barcelona, hi ha més estrès. En canvi always goes after a stop (.) or semicolon (;) and before a comma (,).


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Use of ser + semblant and assemblar-se

In order to compare two elements with common characteristics we can use the verb assemblar-se and the structure ser semblant:

verb assemblar-se X i Y +

verb ser + semblant

verb assemblar-se X +

verb ser + semblant + a + Y

· Barcelona i Palma s’assemblen. · La cuina mallorquina i la catalana són semblants. · La rambla de les Flors s’assembla a la rambla des Born. · La catedral de Palma és semblant a Santa Maria del Mar de Barcelona.

Vocabulary Weather:

la boira; el bon temps; la calor; el fred; el mal temps; la neu; la pluja; el sol; latemperatura; la tempesta; el vent. Climate: Adjectives: agradable; càlid, càlida; dur, dura; humit, humida; sec, seca; suau. Nouns: el clima mediterrani; el clima continental.


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7. Phonetic and orthographic content

Occlusive sounds

We say that a sound is oclusiu when an obstruction takes place as the air is released from the mouth: · bústia, dinar, guerra · petit, teatre, casa These six sounds can be classified into two big groups, according to their sonority: three of them are voiced ([b], [d], [g]) and the other three are unvoiced: ([p], [t], [k]).

sonor sord

[b] bar

[p] parada

[d] dormir

[t] tancar

[g] gràcies

[k] cantar

However, when these sounds appear at the end of a syllable, they become unvoiced: · verb, sap · tard, petit · llarg, parc

Documents

N1_G3_U1_Apunts_Angles.pdf