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VEGETATION STUDY OF THE EVERGREEN
COLLEGE SHOREFRONT PROPERTY
VERT
ICAL
FI
LE
STUD
ENT
RESE
ARCH
PAP
ER
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PURPOSE
The Eckbo report, the initial study of the campus waterfrorl.by
specialists, contained recommendations for further studies to be under-
taken bofore determining how to develop the school's shoreline^ Contained
within the "Plant Ecology" section by A.1 vJiedemenn were suggestions for
necessary terrestrial studies, beginning with "(1) Description of the
vegetation to include a fleristic listing, and the delineation and compo-
sition of the vegetatlor.al types or groupings." The data thus obtained
would be utilized in further investigations, some of which V'iederuann
described in the Eckbo report as: "(,4) The identification of areas of
major botannical and ecological interest (such as the occurence of parti-
cular species or the presence of unique habitats); (£) Propose the loca-
tion of walking trails for both recreational and instructional use;
(7) Indicate areas which may be of importance fron a research point of
view; (G) Assess the possible consequences to the present vegetatit-n
of such activities as trail construction activity, limited undergrowth
removal, extensive undergrowth removal, the effect of use by large num-
bers of people, especially where the undergrowth has been removed*n
The gathering of the information included within our report is the
first step of this continuing study of the vegetation of the Evergreen
waterfront* It is a general catalog and characterisation of the plant
life growing in that area in the spring of 1*572. Primarily a classification
of the forest types, it also includes a plot-by-plot listing of the under-
story vegetation. The plot, sheets (raw data) are not contained within
but are available fron Al Wiederaann.
Because the campus waterfront has been well surveyedf it was
used as the baseline from which to run the transects; surveyor's
hubs are placed in one hundred foot intervals along the approximate
hiqh tide line. One transect runs inland from each hub G through
oFF, inclusive, at an angle of 126 magnetic. The uplands boundary
was determined by a distinct vegetational transition - the alder-
break - on the southeasts and on both sides by stream courses.
Plots were spaced one hundred fifty feet apart. As the measurements
- between plots follow the contours -- up and down gulleys, over rails,
etc. — the one hundred fifty foot measurement is not necessarily
linear but reflects the topography of the land.. It is impossible
at this time to accurately map the transect -^nd plot locations as
no well defined topographic map exists. All measurements were taken
in feet: and inches.
The sampling technique used was the Point Quarter method,
area around each point defined every one hundred firry feet was
divided into four parts or quadrants by setting up lines running
north-south and east-west (magnetic) using a compass, stakes and
cord. The tree nearest the point in each quadrant v/as located.
(To be considered a tree and not a seedling, the .plant had to be
at least, three inches in diaineier«. } The species, diaaeter at chest
height (4.5 feet) and point-to-plant distance was recorded for each
—4—™e northeast quadrant „.
used to deter^in "SUrin9 " *** ** feat« *"rmine under
individual Diant " °"d the «"erage--- "t types was estimated a,d
•«««'«' 0" a scale
seen from each!
amete^ne approximate nn^>.
tnat Could b
In all, twenty-sivtransects were run for a totaJ -
twenty-six plots tfiv one
ltlve Hundred four trees)were "
swere not used " Cf these Plot
^ COmpUt1^ «,et^en inside of the alder bre
.uantative data- th;r£ the
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POINT QUARTER SAMPLING PROCEDURE
tree Q
\ feet
6 feet.
VI7i\e
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random''point
measured distance
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AREA
0 ai number of plots = 119
il number of trees - 475
Total feet of point-to-plant = 6593 feei
, distance (d) - 6593ft. = 13.3 feet<4 l U
V
Hean area occupiod by an individual Cd") = V.2
Ku-iber of individuals per acre =
feet
NUMB
Plots taken in alder break
G 2
H 2
I. 3
J 3
K 3
L 3
K 4'
II 1
0 7
P 3
Q 6
R 6
S b
T 5
U 4
V 4
W 4
X 5
y 4Z 5
A A 5
BB 6
CC 5
DD 5
ES 4
FF 4
£0* 1*91
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X 100if of individuals of all species
RELATIVE FREQUENCY - v t h = ! r t - c
RCLATIVS DOHIfCANCS =
total ;.i of lots
total ;f of lots
IKPORTAKCE VALUE s relative frequency -t- relative dominance 4-relative censitv
mean distance (ci) = to"-] of r-oin t-to-nlantotal number of ~rees-
moan area occupied ,by an individual
^ of inuivicuals ner acr
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d
?f- of olots in w/iich iiidividual occurs
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FOREST TYPE: ALKU3_RUBRANUKBER OF PLOTS: 24TOTAL DISTANCE: 1054.4 feetKEAF DISTANCE; 11 feetDENSITY ?ER ACRE: 359.1
C 1. E S
r; u «
ma.
pi.
he, .
me.
br.
gr.
51TU
1U.
IMPORTANCEV A L U E D
174,7
55
50.5
50
35 . 5
30
27.7
5.3
5,3
RELATIVE
u
54
12
8
8
4
4
4
1
1
DEuSITY
D/
57.4
12,5
8.3
8.3
4.2
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4.2
1.1
1.1
_jiE^LII!
21
8
7
6
4
4
4
1
1
) FRE"U r FCY
&t
87.5
33.3
29.2
25
16.7
16,7
16. 7
4.2
4 ,2
RELATIVEPY".r : TT •' *,;•',"*"
S -^ u a. X r}
inches
I859e8
582.4
814.5
1042.4
918.7
569.4
428.6
23,8
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ALK'US RUDRA FORZSTUNDBR3TORY
NUMBER' CF FLGTS AVERAGEIN WHICH OCCURS COVE?
P o.mu, 21rnoss 19Ru ,v l . 18.'Ac. ins.« 14Ga.sh. 10Be.ne. 10Ru.sp. 9Ru.pa* 8Tr.1 a. 6Ga.sp. 5crass 5fs.he. 4Th.pl. • 4Ro.gy. '4Li.bo. 4Tr.ov. 43 a» r a» 3Adibi. 3Ps.no. 3Srn.se,, 3Vcuov. 2At . f j .~fe» 2Ab.gr. 2Ho.di. 2Pt.aq. 2U,?l 2Co,co« 2jvi p ,~., 2
Mo,si. 2Ri.sa. 2
TG.br. 1Va.pa. 1U/rl7 1
UfilS 1Al.ru. 1' i s , ^ a *U^lo 1
-r> • r1 — f c-' N' j f \o 1 •-' ;
31.81312. 3520,29.615.214.31.351.441962.52.51132.31.720199988332226237153111
FREQUENCY ( >
87.579.57558.341.541,537.533.325ori .q
20.816.716 . 716. 716,715*712.512.512,512,58.38,3Q "''.j « .)
8.38.3l~; "\ & ^'
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region. The tendency for Thuja plicata to be part of the mixedstands,
successionally intermediate between the pioneer Pseudotsuga mensiesii
forests and the Tsuga heterochylla forest, has perhaps misled some Geo-
logists in inte.cpret.inc its succession:-.! role," (page 65} The moderately
heavy rainfall of the Olympic area, the size/age of the Thuja plicata trees,
lings, the infrequent occurrence of Tsuga heterophylla, and the longevity-'
of the species (1000+ years) -:-re all factors helping to designate a— Thru j a
pliceta forest mixed with Tsuga beferoohylls as the serai climax for this
area. This sere is a potentially long one due to the longevity of Tnu'ja1
plicata and its ability to reproduce in ifcs own shade.
The Alnus rubra, can also be considered a serai forest type. It is
a short-lived species (100 years) and is quick to take over disturbed
forest land v/here there is a lot of available light. Franklin/Qyrness
describe the replacement of Alnus rubra stands by other trees as a slow
Alnus rubra is a hydrophyll$ on the study land, it is often found in the
valleys, which are moist and are taking over what appear by their narrow
ness, length and orientation to be old cuts (logging access).
The great importance value of Acer iaacrophyllura regains puzzling.
Although iu has a lower relative density and frequency than the other
high iraport::nce species, it does have a higher relative dominance. This
large basal are-: is not Accounted for by the Franklin/Dyrness figures
Typical . ages, corresponding diarr.euers ana references to shade toleranceare taken fro,.: Franklin/Dyrness , page -f, table 3.
-21-
.,24-
which *\tve the typical diameter and age of Acer rr.acrophyllum as 20 inches,
300-i- years, -Three diameter size groups, can^defined from the data collected
on Acer nacrophyllurfi: 3.5» to 5,8" 6,1" to 19" and 20" to 50.7':, all
containing twenty-five'individuals. These groupings indicate that there
is a v/ide age variance among the Acer niacrophyllurn on the study land, and
cently disturbed sites or specialized habitats (eg, riparian) / are aleost
always subordinate.^-^Xrhey then refer to Alnus rubra, Acer macrophyllura and*' " ' V -
a species of Chinquapin as the most widespreaa of the hardwoods in the
Tsuga heterophylla zone. The Acer macrophyllum is shade tplera-rrti On the
survey land, it is found crowing in groxios or appears to border small open
areas, often around the land being taken over by Alnus rubra. The larger
ones are also found in combination with -or as another tree in that grouping.
The smaller ones are more often found in combination with Alnus rubra.
CAcmOThe tree's -are not a forest type because it is the size of the individuals
which gives the Acer macrophvllurn the high importance value. Tiiis high
importance value therefore scenes to be a function of the relative longe-
vity of a few individuals and the fact that it is not a commercially desirable
species.
otner
including it vith Alnus rubra. Putting it with the Thuja plicata grouping
