N Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish E G N I Beata … · 2005. 12. 28. · E B ER H A R D K A R L S U N I V E R S I T ˜ T T Ü B I N G E N Plural Comitative Constructions

EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish

Beata Trawinski

SFB 441

Universität Tü[email protected]

12th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar,

University of Lisbon, Portugal, 23–24 August 2005

Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.1

EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Comitative Construction

Comitative constructions are expressions that

involve a PP headed by the preposition with and

denote a relation between two (sets of) individuals /objects such that either

the one accompanies the other in an action / event /situation denoted by the predicate or

they are members of a set of equal participantsinvolved in an action / event / situation denoted bythe predicate.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Typology of Polish Comitative Constructions

(1) JanJan.SG

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR.SG

wyjechał.left.SG

‘Jan left with Maria.’

(2) JanJan.SG

wyjechałleft..INSTR.SG

zwith

Maria.Maria.INSTR.SG

‘Jan left with Maria.’

(3) JanJan.SG

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR.SG

wyjechali.left.PL

‘Jan and Maria left.’

(4) Mywe

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR.SG

wyjechalismy.left.PL

T1: ‘We left with Maria.’T2: ‘Maria and I left.’T3: ‘Maria and the rest of us left.’

(5) propro

Zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR.SG

wyjechalismy.left.PL

T1: ‘We left with Maria.’T2: ‘Maria and I left.’T3: ‘Maria and the rest of us left.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Plural Comitative Constructions

(6) JanJan.SG

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR.SG

wyjechali.left.PL



EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Overview

Crucial properties of PCCs

Previous analyses of PCCsCoordination-based approachesComplementation-based approachesAdjunction-based approaches

Our proposal

Summary and Outlook


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Number Resolution in PCCs

(7) a. JanJan.SG

zwith

MariaMaria.SG

wyjechali.left.PL


b. PiotrPiotr

zobaczyłsaw

JanaJan.SG

zwith

Maria,Maria.SG

którzywho.PL

własniejust

przyszli.arrived

‘Piotr saw Jan and Maria, who just arrived.’

c. JanJan.SG

zwith

Maria,Maria.SG

zaproszeniinvited.PL

przezby

Piotra,Piotr

przyszliarrived

puktualnie.on time

‘Jan and Maria, invited by Piotr, arrived on time.’

� � The value of the number category of PCCs must be plural.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Gender System of Polish

GENDER EXAMPLE

masculine-human / virile (m1) chłopiec ‘boy’

masculine-animal (m2) pies ‘dog’

masculine-inanimate (m3) stół ‘table’

feminine (fem) dziewczyna ‘girl’

neuter (neut) okno ‘window’

(Saloni and Swidzinski 1998), (Manczak 1956)


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Gender Resolution in PCCs I

(8) ��

Ojciecfather.M1

zwith

synemson.M1

‘The father and the son’

Ojciecfather.M1

zwith

psemdog.M2

‘The father and the dog’

Ojciecfather.M1

zwith

laptopemlaptop.M3

‘The father and the laptop’

Ojciecfather.M1

zwith

matkamother.FEM

‘The father and the mother’

Ojciecfather.M1

zwith

dzieckiemchild.NEUT

‘The father and the child’

��

��

Synson.M1

zwith

ojcemfather.M1

‘The son and the father’

Piesdog.M2

zwith

ojcemfather.M1

‘The dog and the father’

Laptoplaptop.M3

zwith

ojcemfather.M1

‘The laptop and the father’

Matkamother.FEM

zwith

ojcemfather.M1

‘The mother and the father’

Dzieckochild.NEUT

zwith

ojcemfather.M1

‘The child and the father’

��

lezelilay.M1

naon

kanapie.couch

‘lay on the couch.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Gender Resolution in PCCs II

(9) ��

Notesnote-book.M2

zwith

psemdog.M2

‘The note-book and the dog’

Notesnote-book.M2

zwith

długopisemballpen.M3

‘The note-book and the ballpen’

Notesnote-book.M2

zwith

gumkaeraser.FEM

‘The note-book and the eraser’

Notesnote-book.M2

zwith

radiemradio.NEUT

‘The note-book and the radio’

Piesdog.M3

zwith

kotemcat.M3

‘The dog and the cat’

Piesdog.M3

zwith

miskadish.FEM

‘The dog and the dish’

Piesdog.M3

zwith

dzieckiemchild.NEUT

‘The dog and the child’

Matkamother.FEM

zwith

córkadaughter.FEM

‘The mother and the doughter’

Matkamother.FEM

zwith

dzieckiemchild.NEUT

‘The mother and the child’

Dzieckochild.NEUT

zwith

jabłkiemapple.NEUT

‘The child and the apple’

� ��

Piesdog.M2

zwith

notesemnote-book.M2

‘The dog and the note-book’

Długopisballpen.M3

zwith

notesemnote-book.M2

‘The ballpen and the note-book’

Gumkaeraser.FEM

zwith

notesemnote-book.M2

‘The eraser and the note-book’

Radioradio.NEUT

zwith

notesemnote-book.M2

‘The radio with the note-book’

Kotcat.M3

zwith

psemdog.M3

‘The cat and the dog’

Miskadish.FEM

zwith

psemdog.M3

‘The dish and the dog’

Dzieckochild.NEUT

zwith

psemdog.M3

‘The child and the dog’

Córkadaughter.FEM

zwith

matkamother.FEM

‘The doughter and the mother’

Dzieckochild.NEUT

zwith

matkamother.FEM

‘The child and the mother’

Jabłkoapple.NEUT

zwith

dzieckiemchild.NEUT

‘The apple and the child’

� ��

lezałylay.NON-M1

naon

kanapie.couch

‘lay on the couch.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Gender Resolution in PCCs III

Further evidence for the involvement of each NPin a PCC in the gender resolution is provided by

relative pronoun constructions and

attributive modification.

� Both NPs participate in gender resolution.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Person Resolution

(10) a. JaI.1ST

zwith

tobayou.2ND

pracujemy.work.1ST

‘You and I work.’

b. JaI.1ST

zwith

nimhe.3RD

pracujemy.work.1ST

‘He and I work.’

c. Tyyou.2ND

zwith

nimhe.3RD

pracujecie.work.2ND

‘He and You work.’

� � Both NPs participate in person resolution.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Coreference

(11) a. [JaniJan

zwith

Mariaj]kMaria

odwiedzilivisited

swego*i/*j/kPOSS.RFL.PRN

przyjaciela.friend

‘Jan and Maria visited their friend.’

b. [JaniJan

zwith

Mariaj]kMaria

chcieliwanted

PRO*i/*j/kPRO

wyjechac.leave

‘Jan and Maria wanted to leave.’

c. PRO*i/*j/kPRO

odwiedziwszyhaving visited

przyjaciela,friend

[JaniJan

zwith

Mariaj]kMaria

wyjechali.left

‘Having visited the friend, Jan and Maria left.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Summary of Present Observations

The number of the NP z NP cluster is plural.

Both NPs participate in the gender resolution.

Both NPS participate in the person resolution.

The NP z NP cluster acts as a controller of possessivereflexive pronouns and PRO subjects.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Vassilieva and Larson (2001)

DP � P(z) DP �

DP

DP � CONJ(i ) DP �DP

The analysis of (Vassilieva and Larson 2001) causes the following problems:

It is not clear how the case assignment to DP � should work.

Inversion of DP � and DP � cannot be ruled out and thus ungrammatical sentences such as that in (12) cannotbe blocked:

(12) a. JanJan

zwith

MariaMaria

wyjechali.left

‘Jan and Maria left.’b. *Maria

Maria.INSTzwith

JanJan

wyjechali.left

The analysis cannot account for grammatical structures such as that in (13), where besides the preposition z,a conjuction i ‘and’ is present.

(13) EwaEwa

zwith

MariaMaria

iand

zwith

JankiemJanek

pojechaliwent

doto

Reno.Reno

‘Ewa, Maria and Janek went to Reno.’ [(Dyła 1988)]


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Dyła (1988)

NP

P(z) NP.INSTR

NP.INSTR

H H

NP

This conjunctionless multi-headed analysis is problematic for the following reason:

It cannot explain the differences in the distribution of possessive pronouns in ordinary binarycoordinate structures and in PCCs (cf. (McNally 1993)):

(14) a. Zarównoboth

JanJan

jakas

iand

jegohis

//*swojaPOSS.RFL.PRN

zonawife

wyjechali.left

‘Both Jan and his wife left.’b. Jan

Janz(e)with

?jegohis

//?swojaPOSS.RFL.PRN

zonawife

wyjechali.left

‘Jan left with his wife.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Dyła and Feldman (to appear)

NP

PP(z) NP.INSTR

H C

PP

H H

NP


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Grammatical Category I

(15) a. JanJan

iand

MariaMaria

przyszli.came

NP + NP

‘Jan and Maria came.’b. Jan

Janprzyszedł,came

alebut

juzalready

wyszedł.left

VP + VP

‘Jan came but he already left.’

c. Kupiłbought.3RD.SG

duzybig

iand

wygodnycomfortable

rower.bike

AP + AP

‘He bought a big and comfortable bike.’

(16) a. Kupiłbought.3RD.SG

ksiazkibooks

iand

poPREP

zeszycie.exercise book

NP + PP

‘He bought books and one exercise book of every kind.’

b. Doradziładvised.3RD.SG

muhim

wyjazddeparture

iand

zebyCOMP

nienot

wracał.came back.3RD.SG

NP + COMPP

‘He advised him to leave and never come back.’c. Wie

knowsoabout

wypadkuaccident

iand

zeCOMP

wszystkoevertything

sieRM

dobrzewell

skonczyło.ended

PP + COMPP

‘He knows about the accident and that everything ended up well.’

d. Odpowiadałanswered.3RD.SG

szybkoquickly

iand

bezwithout

zastanowienia.thinking

AdvP + PP

‘He was answering quickly and without thinking.’

e. Przyjedziewill come.3RD.SG

jesieniaautumn

lubor

naon

wiosne.spring

NP + PP

‘He’ll come in autumn or in spring.’

[(Kupsc et al. 2000)], [(Przepiórkowski et al. 2002)]Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.17

EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Grammatical Category II

(17) a. JanJan

iand

MariaMaria

przyszli.came

NP + NP

‘Jan and Maria came.’

b. *JanJan

przyszedłcame

zwith

juzalready

wyszedł.left

VP + VP

c. *Kupiłbought.3RD.SG

duzybig

zz

wygodnycomfortable

rower.bike

AP + AP

d. *Kupiłbought3RD.SG

ksiazkibooks

zz

poPREP

zeszycie.exercise book

NP + PP


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Case I

(18) a. JanJan.NOM

iand

MariaMaria.NOM

przyszli.came


b. Nienot

zaprosilismyinvited.1ST.PL

JanaJan.GEN

iiMarii.Maria.GEN

‘We did not invite Jan and Maria.’

c. JanowiJan.DAT

iand

MariiMaria.DAT

jestis

zimno.cold

‘Jan and Maria are cold.’

d. Nienot

przejmujcare.2ND, SING

sieRM

wcaleat all

JanemJan.INSTR

iand

Maria!Maria.INSTR.

‘Don’t care about Jan and Maria!’

e. Rozmawiamytald.1ST.SG

oabout

JanieJan.LOC

iand

Marii.Maria.LOC

‘We are talking about Jan and Maria.’

f. Zobaczylismysaw.1ST.SG

JanaJan.ACC

iand

Marie.Maria.ACC

‘We saw Jan and Mary.’Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.19

EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Case II

(19) a. JanJan.NOM

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR

przyszli.came


b. Nienot

zaprosilismyinvited.1ST.PL

JanaJan.GEN

zwith

Maria.Maria.INSTR

‘We did not invite Jan and Maria.’

c. JanowiJan.DAT

zwith

MariaMaria.INSTR

dalismygave.1ST.PL

ksiazke.book

‘We gave Jan and Maria a book.’

d. Nienot

przejmujcare.2ND.SG

sieRM

wcaleat all

JanemJan.INSTR

zwith

Maria!Maria.INSTR.

‘Don’t care about Jan and Maria!’

e. Rozmawiamytald.1ST.SG

oabout

JanieJan.LOC

zwith

Maria.Maria.INSTR

‘We are talking about Jan and Maria.’

f. Zobaczylismysaw.1ST.SG

JanaJan.ACC

zwith

Maria.Maria.INSTR

‘We saw Jan and Mary.’Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish – p.20

EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Pro-Drop

(20) COO

a. Onhe

iand

MariaMaria

poszliwent

doto

kina.cinema

‘He and Maria went to the cinema.’

b. *propro

Iand

MariaMaria

poszliwent

doto

kina.cinema

(21) PCC

a. OnHe

zwith

bratembrother

poszliwent

doto

kina.cinema

‘He and his brother went to the cinema.’

b. propro

Zwith

bratembrother

poszliwent

doto

kina.cinema

‘He and his brother went to the cinema.’


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Feldman (2002) I

�� !�� !��!� ��!��"

word

PHON

#

s

$

SYNS

��!� ��!� "

LOC

��!� ��!� "

CAT

��!�!��"

HEAD noun

VAL

�"SUBJ

#

NPnpro$

COMPS#

NPnpro

%

instr

& $'

('

)!)!)�(

CONT | INDEX | NUM plur

')�)!) )�)!) (

')�)!) )�)!) (

')�) )!)�) )!)�)!) )�)!)�(


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Feldman (2002) II

*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10

SYNS 3

*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10

LOC

*,+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+10

CAT

*,+-+.+-+10

HEAD 4

VAL

*20SUBJ

34

COMPS

34 5265,7-7.7-716

CONT

*8+-+.+10

npro

INDEX i

RESTR 1

587-7.7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7165,7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-716

*8+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+/0PHON

3s

4SYNS

*8+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+10LOC

*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+/0CAT

*9+.+-+.+.+/0HEAD 4 noun

VAL

*,+.0SUBJ

:

3

;

COMPS

:

6

; 5,7.6597.7-7.7.7/6

CONT 5

597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7/6587.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-716

587.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7/6

*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10

SYNS 6

*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10

LOC

*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+10

CAT

*9+/+-+-+/+-+10

HEAD noun

CASE instr

VAL

*20SUBJ

34

COMPS

34 526597/7-7-7/7-716

CONT

*20INDEX j

RESTR 2

526587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716587-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-716

H C

*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0SYNS*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0LOC

*9+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+/0CAT

*8+-+.+.+10HEAD 4

VAL

*20SUBJ

:

3

;

COMPS

34 526587-7.7.716

CONT 5

597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6597/7-7-7.7.7-7.7/6

C H

*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10

SYNS

*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10

LOC

*9+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+10

CAT

*8+-+-+/+.0

HEAD 4

VAL

*20SUBJ

34

COMPS

34 526587-7-7/7.6

CONT 5

*20INDEX i + j

RESTR 1 < 2

526597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716597/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-716


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

McNally (1993) I

NP<e>

P(z) NPinstr <e>

H C

PP<e>

H A

NP


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

McNally (1993) II

(22) *Kazdyeach

chłopakboy.SG

zwith

kazdaeach

dziewczynagirl.INSTR.SG

odtanczylidanced.PL

polkepolka

nain

srodkumiddle

pokoju..room

(23)

=?> @A BC @ > D E dance’@ > D DGF =C @IH JLK M @ C D E dance’

@ C D D

(24)

=?> =C @A BC @ > DF H JLK M @ C D E dance’

@ > N C D D


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

McNally (1993) III

Further problems:

the modifiability of the z-PP by collectivizingadverbs, such as razem ‘together’, wraz‘together’, łacznie ‘jointly’, wespół ‘jointly’,wspólnie ‘together / jointly’, włacznie‘inclusive’, etc.,

gender and person resolution.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: LE of z ‘with’

*8+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+10

wordPHON

3

z

4

ARG-ST

O *9+.+-+-+/+/0LOC

*8+-+.+.+10

CAT

P

HEAD | MORSYN

P

nounARG | CASE instr

Q Q

CONT

*,0INDEX 1 | NUMBER sg

RESTR

RS

NUCL | INSTANCE 1

TU < 2

5,6587-7.7.716597.7-7-7/7/6V

SYNS | LOC

*8+-+.+.+-+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+/0

CAT

*9+.+.+-+.+-+.+.+-+10HEAD | MORSYN

*8+-+/+-+-+/+-+-+10

prepPFORM z

MOD

*,+-+.+-+.+10LOC

*8+-+-+/+.0

CAT

P

HEAD | MORSYN | nounVAL | COMPS

34 QCONT

*,0INDEX 3 | NUMBER sg

RESTR

RS

NUCL | INSTANCE 3

TU < 4

5,6587-7-7/7.65,7-7.7-7.716

587-7/7-7-7/7-7-716597.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-716

CONT

*9+.+.+-+.+/0

INDEX e

RESTR

WYXZXZ[\X]XZ^*9+/+.0NUCL

*9+/+.0conjoin-rel

INST e

CONJUNCTS

R1 , 3

U597/7.6597/7.6_ XZXZ`\X]XZa

597.7.7-7.7/6

587-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7/6587-7/7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-7-7/7-7-7.7.7-7-7.7.7-7.7-7.7.7-7-7/7-716

b

( 4 neset

c 2 neset )

b

( 4 esetc 2 eset )


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: Number Resolution

THE PRINCIPLE FOR NUMBER RESOLUTION

defehg

head-adjunct-structure

ADJUNCT-DTR | SYNS

i

LOC

dgCAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFROM z

CONT | RESTR

jk

NUCL conjoin-rel

l

, m m m no

po

qfqhp � �

kSYNS | LOC | CONT | INDEX | NUMBER plural

l


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: Gender Resolution

THE PRINCIPLE FOR GENDER RESOLUTION

r

1

r

3*8+-+-+/+-+-+/+.0


ADJUNCT-DTR

*8+-+/+-+10SYNS

s

LOC

*8+-+/+-+10

CAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFORM z

CONT | RESTR

R S

NUCL CONJUNCTS 1

T

, ...

U

CONX | BACKGROUND 3

587-7/7-716587-7/7-716

587-7-7/7-7-7/7.6 t cu9v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v.v-v.v/wu8v.wS SYNS

s

LOC | CONT

xINDEX | GENDER m1

y T

b z 2

{member

{2

xGENDER m1

y, 1

| | }8~.� �

u8v.v/wS

SYNS

sLOC

SCONT

xINDEX | GENDER m1

�

non-m1

y T T

b � z 2

{member

{2

x

GENDER m1

�

m2

y

, 1

| | � � � z 4

{

member

{

4 male, 3

| | �}8~.~/�

}9~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~.~-~.~/�


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: Person Resolution

THE PRINCIPLE FOR PERSON RESOLUTION

r

1*,+-+.+/0


ADJUNCT-DTR

*,0SYNS

s

LOC

*,0CAT | HEAD | MORSYN | PFORM z

CONT | RESTR

R S

NUCL CONJUNCTS 1

T

, ...

U 5,6 5,65,7-7.7/6 t c

u9v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v.v-v.v.v-v-v/v-v-v-v/v-v-v/v-v-v.v.v-v/wu8v/wS SYNS

s

LOC | CONT

x

INDEX | PERSON 1st

y T

b z 2

{

member

{

2

x

PERSON 1st

y, 1

| | }8~/� �

u,v-v/wS

SYNS

s

LOC | CONT

x

INDEX | PERSON 2nd

y T

b � z 2

{

member

{2

xPERSON 2nd

y, 1

| | b�� z

3

{

member

{

3

x

PERSON 1st

y

, 1

| | �},~-~/� �

u9v/v-v-v/v-w*20SYNS

sLOC | CONT

*20INDEX | PERSON 3rd

RESTR

R S

NUCL | CONJUNCTS 1

T

, ...

U 526 526

b �� z2

�2

xPERSON 2nd

y b

member

{

2 , 1

| � b�� z

3

�

3

x

PERSON 1st

y b

member

{

3 , 1

| � �}9~/~-~-~/~-�

}9~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~.~-~.~.~-~-~/~-~-~-~/~-~-~/~-~-~.~.~-~/�


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: Semantic Principles

(1) SEMANTIC COMPOSITIONALITY PRINCIPLE

In any well-formed phrase structure, the mother’sRESTR value is the sum of the RESTR values of thedaughters.

(25) SEMANTIC INHERITANCE PRINCIPLE

In any headed phrase except for the head-adjunctphrase in which the adjunct daughter is headed bythe comitative preposition z, the mother’s INDEX

values are identical to those of the head daughter.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Our Proposal: The Structure of PCCs

�Y�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��Z�

PHON

3

Jan

4

SYNS9

��]�Z�Z��LOC

��]�Z�Z��CAT | HEAD7 | MORSYN | AGR sg

CONT | INDEX8

| GENDER m1

��]�Z�Z�� ]�Z�Z��Y�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��Z�

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z��

PHON

3z

4SYNS

�Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��LOC

�Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��CAT

�Y��]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��HEAD10

| MORSYN

�Y��Z� prep

MOD9

�Y��Z�

VAL | COMPS

312

4�Y��]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��

CONT11

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z��INDEX

14

RESTR3

��Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�

conjoin-rel

INST14

CONJUNCTS

�

8,

13

��Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z��

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z��Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��Y�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z��Y�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��Z�

PHON

3

Maria

4

SYNS12

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z��LOC

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z��CAT

��HEAD noun

CASE instr

��

CONT | INDEX13

| GENDER fem

�Y��Z�]�Z�Z��Y��Z�]�Z�Z��

�Y�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��Z�

H C�Y�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z��

PHON

3

z, Maria

4SYNS

�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�LOC

�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�CAT

�Y�Z�]�Z��HEAD10

| MOD9

VAL | COMPS

3 4 �Y�Z�]�Z��CONT

11

�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z��Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�

�Y�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z��H A

��]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�

PHON

3

Jan, z, Maria

4

SYNS6

| LOC

�Y�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z��

CAT | HEAD7 | MORSYN | AGR sg

CONT

��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��]��INDEX5

�Y�Z�]�Z��NUMBER pl

GENDER m1

PERSON 3rd

�Y�Z�]�Z��

REST3

��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��]��Y�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z��

��]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�

�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��PHON

3wyjechali

4

SYNS | LOC

��]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]��

CAT

��]�Z�Z�]��HEAD1

x

MORSYN verb | AGR5

y

VAL | SUBJ

3

6

4 ��]�Z�Z�]��

CONT

�Y�Z�Z�]�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z��

INDEX2

RESTR4

��Y�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�Z�NUCL |

�Y�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�Z�

leave-rel

INST2

LEAVER5

�Y�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�Z��Y�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�Z��

�Y�Z�Z�]�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z��]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]��

�Y�Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��

S H

��]�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��

PHON

3

Jan, z, Maria, wyjechali

4

SYNS | LOC

�Y�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]��

CAT

�Y�Z�Z�]��HEAD1

VAL | SUBJ

3 4 �Y�Z�Z�]��

CONT

�Y��]�Z�Z�INDEX2

RESTR3

<

4

�Y��]�Z�Z��Y�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]��

��]�Z�]�Z��]�Z�Z�]�Z�Z�]��Z�]�Z�Z�]�Z��]��


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

Summary and Outlook

Crucial properties of Polish PCCs have been discussed.

Previous analyses of PCCs have been presented.

An HPSG approach has been proposed that accounts for

number, gender and person resolution,

coreference phenomena inside and outside of PCCs,

modifiability by collectivizing adverbs,

mixed agreement.

In future work, other types of comitative constructions will beinvestigated with a view to get a uniform treatment of allPolish comitatives.


EB

ER

HA

RD

KA

RL

SU

NIV

ER

SIT

ÄTT

ÜB

ING

EN

ReferencesCorbett, G. G. (1983). Hierarchies, Targets and Controllers: Agreement Patterns in Slavic. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Czuba, K. and A. Przepiórkowski (1995, aug). Agreement and Case Assignment in Polish: An Attempt at a Unified Account. Technical Report 783, Institute of Computer

Science, Polish Academy of Sciences.

Dalrymple, M., I. Hayrapetian, and T. King (1998). The Semantics of the Russian Comitative Construction. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 16, 597–631.

Davidson, D. (1967). The Logical Form of Action Sentences. In N. Rescher (Ed.), The Logic of Decision and Action. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Dyła, S. (1988). Quasi-Comitative Coordination in Polish. Linguistics 26, 383–414.

Dyła, S. and A. Feldman (to appear). On Comitative Constructions in Polish and Russian. In Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Formal Description of SlavicLanguages, Lepizig.

Feldman, A. (2002). On NP-Coordination. In M. S. Sergio Baauw, Mike Huiskes (Ed.), Yearbook 2002, pp. 39–67. Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS.

Kathol, A. (1999). Agreement and the Syntax-Morphology Interface in HPSG. In R. Levine and G. Green (Eds.), Studies in Contemporary Phrase Structure Grammar, pp.

209–260. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kupsc, A., M. Marciniak, and A. Mykowiecka (2000). Constituent Coordination in Polish: An Attempt at an HPSG Account. In P. Banski and A. Przepiórkowski (Eds.),

Proceedings of the First Generative Linguistics in Poland Conference, Warsaw, pp. 104–115. Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences.

Manczak, W. (1956). Ile jest rodzajów w polskim? [How Many Genders is There in Polish?]. Jezyk Polski XXXVI(2), 116–121.

McNally, L. (1993). Comitative Coordination: A Case Study in Group Formation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 11, 347–379.

Pollard, C. J. and I. A. Sag (1994). Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Przepiórkowski, A., A. Kupsc, M. Marciniak, and A. Mykowiecka (2002). Formalny opis jezyka polskiego: Teoria i implementacja [Formal Description of Polish Language:

Theory and Implementation]. Warszawa: Akademicka Oficyna Wydawnicza EXIT.

Sag, I. A., T. Wasow, and E. M. Bender (2003). Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction (2 ed.). Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Saloni, Z. and M. Swidzinski (1998). Składnia współczesnego jezyka polskiego [The Syntax of Contemporary Polish] (4 ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Vassilieva, M. B. and R. K. Larson (2001). The Semantics of the Plural Pronoun Construction. In R. Hastings, B. Jackson, and Z. Zvolenszky (Eds.), Proceedings of

Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT) XI, Ithaca. CLC Publications, Dept. of Linguistics, Cornell University.

Wechsler, S. and L. Zlatic (2001). A Theory of Agreement and its Application to Serbo-Croatian. Language 76.4, 799–832.


Documents

N Plural Comitative Constructions in Polish E G N I Beata … · 2005. 12. 28. · E B ER H A R D K A R L S U N I V E R S I T ˜ T T Ü B I N G E N Plural Comitative Constructions