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International Connection Opportunities for VLBI
James WilliamsTransPAC Executive Investigator
Indiana [email protected]
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Presentation Outline
• Some general observations
• Status of national networks
• International connection points
• International network initiatives
• Non-infrastructure concerns
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Some General Observations
• National network bandwidth increasing rapidly
• Trans-Atlantic and Trans-Pacific networking costs are decreasing, but will reach a limit
• New cable construction unlikely for a time, but increased speeds possible
• Intra-region connectivity growing
• Application demand growing but current networks not stressed
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National Networks
• GEANT
• SURFnet
• SuperSINET
• GEMNET
• Abilene
• CA*net4
See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
GEANThttp://www.dante.org.uk
• Consortium of NRNs in Europe
• 10Gbps European backbone
• NRN access at 2.5Gbps
• 2x2.5Gbps across Atlantic
• Interconnecting in NYC
SURFnethttp://www.surfnet.nl/
• 2x622Mbps to StarLight(production)
• Lambda for research (2.5Gbps)
• StarLightcounterpart in Amsterdam
Source: Erik-Jan Bos
SuperSINET Sites
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Jan. 2002
Oct. 2002
Oct. 2003
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SuperSINET Sites
University / Institute:• Tohoku University• High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)• The University of Tokyo• The Institute of Medical Science
(IMS), The university of Tokyo• NII Hitotsubashi• NII Chiba• National Astronomical
Observatory (NAO)• The Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science (ISAS)• National Institute of Genetics
(NIG)
• Nagoya University• National Institute for Fusion
Science (NIFS)• Kyoto University• Institute for Chemical Research
(ICR), Kyoto University• Osaka University
Hubs:• Tokyo Hub• Nagoya Hub• Osaka Hub
SINET and SuperSINET(Oct. 2002, Planned)
Kagoshima
Kumamoto
Fukuoka
Nagasaki
Matsuyama
Hiroshima
Okinawa
Kobe Osaka Nagoya Tokyo Yokohama
Kyoto Tsukuba NII Chiba
Kitakyushu
Yamaguchi
Niigata
Kanazawa
Sapporo
Sendai
ISASOkayama
Tottori
Chiba
Tokushima Okazaki
Yamanashi
Kitami
HirosakiNagano
Maebashi
Saitama
Meguro
Koganei
Chofu
NII Hitotsubashi
SuperSINET
N.B. All of the SINET and Super SINET nodes are not shown here.
GEMNET
• NTT Labs-owned and operated network– Connects NTT Research
Labs in Japan– Plus several radio
telescope installations– Plus U. Kyoto and U.
Tokyo– 2.4Gbps circuits– 33Mbps connection to US,
of which 10Mb PVC to Abilene, also to STAR TAP National
Astronomical Observatory
Kashima Space Research Center (CRL)
KSP Miura Station (CRL)
NTT MusashinoR&D Center
KSP TateyamaStation (CRL)
Communications Research Laboratory
KSP KoganeiStation
KSP Kashima Station
Radio Frequency Signals from Space
2.4Gb/s ATM Network
UsudaDeep Space Center (ISAS)Nobeyama
Radio Observatory (NAO)
NTT’s R+E Network - GEMnet
STAR TAP33 Mbps
Japan
CA*net II
6.5 MAbilene*MREN
San Josefacilities 1.5 Mbps
Malaysia facilities(NTT MSC)
*
To the USA
To Malaysia
NTT MusashinoR&D Center*35 Mbps
*
Japan
*
*
6.5 M
NTT Keihan-naR&D Center
NTT YokosukaR&D Center
OtemachiFacilities*
GEMnetconnection point
NTT’s GEMnet- Activities of NTT R&D- R/E network for non-commercial
experiments- Member of UCAID for experiments
on Abilene
Connected with:- Abilene- MREN- CALREN2- CA*net II- JGN (Japan Gigabit- Network)- Also to South America- Via REUNA & AMPATH- To Chile
Sacramento
Los Angeles
Washington
STAR TAP/Star LightAPAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet, GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, RENATER, SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2 (ANSP, RNP2)
NYCMBELNET,
CA*net3,HEANET, JANET,
NORDUnet, GEANT*
Pacific WaveAARNET, APAN/TransPAC, CA*net3, TANET2
SNVAGEMNET, SINET, SingAREN, WIDE
LOSAUNINET
AMPATHREUNA, RNP2
RETINA (ANSP)
OC3-OC12
El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso)CUDI
San Diego (CALREN2)CUDI
16 November 2001
Abilene International Peering
Possible CA*net 4 TopologyJanuary 1, 2002
Halifax
Edmonton
Seattle
VancouverWinnipeg
Quebec City
MontrealOttawa
Chicago
Halifax
New York
Regina
Fredericton
CharlottetownVictoria
Windsor
London
Sudbury
Thunder Bay
Saskatoon
Kamloops
Buffalo
Spokane
Minneapolis
Albany
St. John's
Calgary
Toronto
Prince George
Hamilton
Kingston
CA*net 4 Node Mini-IX
Possible Future Breakout
Possible Future link or Option
CA*net 4 OC192
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International Connection Points
• Pacific Wave
• Hawaii
• StarLight
See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
Hawaii Observatories and Science Centers
PMRF
Mauna Kea Observatories
Maui Supercomputer,Haleakala Observatories
University of HawaiiIntl Pacific Research Center
Current Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links
Southern Cross Cable Network
Japan-U.S. Cable Network
• OC-3 Peering with AARNet• OC-3 Peering with Abilene (Seattle)• OC-3 Link to DREN (Seattle)
Planned Hawaii Trans-Pacific Links
Southern Cross Cable NetworkJapan-U.S. Cable Network
• (2x) OC-3 Peering with APAN • (2x) OC-3 to California • Pacific Wave?
ESNet (OC-3c soon OC-12c)Abilene (OC-12c)vBNS (OC-12c)FASTNet (OC-3c)Fermilab (OC-3c)Argonne (OC-12c)CANARIE (OC-3c)MREN (layer2)6TAP
Abilene (2xGE)SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)Argonne (2xGE)Northwestern University (GE)AMPATH (GE)vBNS+ (OC12c soon)
WKN 20011202
TRANSPAC (OC-12c)NORDUNET (OC3c)6TAPMREN (layer2 and 3) NREN (GE soon)ESnet (GE soon)
ATM PVC Exchange Service
ATM PVC Exchange Service
AS 10764IPv4 and IPv6Transit Service
AS 10764IPv4 and IPv6Transit Service
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet
Exchange Service
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet
Exchange Service
Carrier-NeutralCo-Location
Facility
Carrier-NeutralCo-Location
Facility
ResearchCircuit/Lambda
Switching
ResearchCircuit/Lambda
Switching
AADS NAP225 West Randolph
710 North Lake Shore Drive
2*OC12c
NPA/NXX 312/503
I-WIRE (dark fiber)
StarLight
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet
Exchange Service
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet
Exchange Service
Carrier-NeutralCo-Location
Facility
Carrier-NeutralCo-Location
Facility
ResearchCircuit/Lambda
Switching
ResearchCircuit/Lambda
Switching
710 North Lake Shore Drive
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet TransportService
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet TransportService
QwestCo-Location
Facility
QwestCo-Location
Facility
455 N CityFrontPlaza
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet TransportService
1&10 Gigabit Ethernet TransportService
NPA/NXX312/503
Abilene (2xGE)SURFNet (2xOC-12c, OC-48c)Argonne (2xGE)Northwestern University (GE)AMPATH (GE)vBNS+ (OC12c soon)
I-WIRE (dark fiber)TRANSPAC (OC-12c)NORDUNET (OC3c)6TAPMREN (layer2 and 3)NREN (GE soon)ESnet (GE soon)
TeraGrid DTFnetESNetNREN
Services via Qwest
I-WIRE dark fiber
StarLight Connectivity to Qwest
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International Connection Initiatives
• Cable Networks• APAN• TransPAC - NA to Asia• GTRN - EU to NA (extension to Asia)
See www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
23
Southern Cross Network
APAN Network –today & near future
Hawaii
250㎞
KoreaSeoul
GbE Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan
Genkai/Hyunhae
•KJCN (Korea-Japan Cable Network)
–Starting in 2002.3–12 fiber pairs with no relays–Starting from 50Gbps 2.88Terabit
(current traffic volume between KR and JP : about 500Mbps)
Busan
By Koji Okamura
Lambda Backbone in 2004
TransPAC Network
PHnet
Seoul XP
TransPAC
StarLIGHT ChicagoGigabit Ethernet
Switch
NREN ESnet GenuityvBNS+
CA*Net
Abilene
NORDUnet
SURFnet
AARNet
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
StarTAP
AADSATM
OC12 ATM“Southern Route”
Pacific GigaPOP
OC12 POP“Northern Route”
ATM Switch
Tokyo XPdPacificWave
CERNET
IMnet WIDE
Policy Router
Osaka U
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Towards a Global Terabit Research Network
Global cyber infrastructure requires a network that:• provides a single global backbone
interconnecting global network access points (GNAPs) that provide peering within a country or region
• provides global backbone speeds comparable to those at NRRENS, i.e. OC192 in 2002
• allows coordinated global advanced service deployment (e.g. QoS, IPv6, multicast)
• is based on stable carrier infrastructure or leased or owned fiber or wavelengths
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• is persistent, i.e. based on long-term (5-10 year) agreements with carriers, router vendors, and optical transmission equipment vendors
• is scalable, e.g. OC768 by 2004, multiple wavelengths running striped OC768 by 2005, terabit/sec transmission by 2006
• allow GNAPs to connect at OC48 and above; to scale up as backbone speeds scale up
• provides a production service with 24x7x365 management through a series of global NOCs
Towards a Global Terabit Research Network
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Recent Positive Progress
• NSF is assessing the need for post-HPIIS programs• DANTE is expected to provide consolidated Trans-
Atlantic connectivity for all of Europe - makes a North America/Europe solution easier
• TransPAC upgrade complete: 1.244 Gbps to AP• Optical Wavelength networking and switching
developing (StarLight)• Abilene upgrade in progress• CA*net4 funding in place• Prices for Trans-oceanic connections dropping
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GTRN Step 1
• Initially connecting Europe and North America• 2 x OC-48 unprotected POS circuits• Run as a single AS (AS21230)
Step 1 is complete.
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Initial GTRN configuration
Slide courtesy of David West - Dante
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GTRN Step 2
• Incorporate the TransPAC router in Seattle into the GTRN AS
• Incorporate the StarLight router in Chicago into the GTRN AS
• Begin policy and administrative development• Begin cooperative NOC discussions
Step 2 planned to be complete by mid-May
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GTRN Further Steps
• Extend the GTRN AS to Asia
• Formalize the GTRN policy and administrative structure
• Formalize the GTRN NOC structure
In process now.
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Non-infrastructure concerns
• End-to-end (E2E) problems– Site connectivity– Instrument connectivity– Performance measurement
• Global experimental coordination
• Real-time data collection issues (latency)
• QOS issues
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Informative Web Links
http://www.indiana.edu/~gtrn/
http://www.dante.net/
http://www.canarie.ca/
http://www.internet2.edu/
http://pacificwave.net/
http://www.startap.net/starlight/
http://www.transpac.org/
http://www.apan.net/
http://www.nii.jp/
http://www.transpac.org/meeting/agenda.html
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Questions and Comments
James WilliamsTransPAC Executive Investigator
Indiana [email protected]