1. Project Title Spatial and Inter-Sectoral divergence in the use of Information and Communication Technology in Poverty Alleviation,

2. Summary of the Project

Information and communication technologies (ICT) continue to percolate to all spheres of our society. The role of ICT is catalytic in the complex task of poverty reduction by leveraging the effects on earnings opportunities, on educational and health services, on good governance and on promoting democracy. Since information exchange is part of nearly every element of the economy, the impact of improvements in the capacity for information exchange will depend critically on how the rest of the economy functions. This suggests the centrality of a holistic approach in evaluating the impact of ICT. The aim of this research programme is to bring wider and sustainable impact of emerging technologies into local development. Also the study intends to find the best way of utilizing emerging technologies in poverty reduction initiatives. Study will use Longitudinal Research Design to capture data from ICT surveys between years 2005-2010. These data include income, ICT trends and use in Tanzania and poverty trends. The study will compare ICT use levels in both regional and district levels (inter and intra regional differences). The study area will be conducted in Tanga, Dodoma and Ruvuma regions. The outcome is reduced income poverty among rural communities through enhanced access to information and quality of service delivery. The expected output is a report that assesses the links and niche ICT have to all major goals of MKUKUTA. On the other hand, the report will consider ICT as a sector and provide recommendations on strategic interventions to boost its contribution in economic growth strategy.

3. Proposed Project Duration

The project will be implemented for 18 months

4. Background Information

Poverty means different things to different people. It is a hydra-headed concept, hence conceptualized in different ways in the literature. On a wide dimension, there is poverty when a household or an individual is unable to meet what is considered as a minimum requirement to sustain livelihood in a given society (Ogwumike, 2001). Poverty is painful. The Poor suffer physical, emotional and moral pains (Deepa et al, 2000), live without fundamental freedoms of action and choice that the better off take for granted (Sen, 1999). They often lack adequate food and shelter, education and health deprivations that keep then from leading the kind of life that every one values. They also face extreme vulnerability to ill health, economic dislocation, and natural disasters. And they are often exposed to ill treatment by institutions of the state and society and are powerless to influence key decisions affecting their lives. These are all dimensions of poverty (World Bank, 2001). A hungry man that is fed at a particular time has not been delivered out of poverty. A person that is alleviated from poverty must be empowered/ helped to permanently overcome poverty rather than just for sometime. This could be done by helping him or her to: secure a sustainable job, acquire skills that would be enough to provide regular source of earning and actively contribute towards the national productivity level.

ICTs are often viewed as near-magic solutions to problems related to poverty. They are extremely powerful tools that have proven useful in many areas of world. ICTs are also found as tools that open new opportunities and new threats (often by virtue of each other). They have a far more enabling role in building the capacity of the intermediary institutions that work for poverty, rather than directly affecting poor themselves. ICTs have the greatest potential to act as a facilitator for specific development initiatives. Access to ICTs

provides information on prices, markets, technology, and weather to the poor people especially in rural areas.

In recent years the world’s policy makers have recognized that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides key inputs for economic development, contributes to global integration, and enhances public sector effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency. A good communication and information infrastructure is an essential part of overall business success; it can improve the connectivity between firms, suppliers, and clients as well as provide business opportunities, especially for companies that are physically distant from urban centers.

5. Problem and justification

This research/study manifest from stakeholder’s demands of the knowledge on extent and causes of spatial and inter-sectoral diversity on use of ICT. The paper by ESCAP (2009) shows that there is considerable demand for spatial information, but the constraining factor has been the absence of an enabling spatial-information policy, structures, systems, guidelines for metadata management and coordination of spatial and inter-sectoral data to support decision making at all sector and geographical points. Due to this ICT use has remained effectively used in urbanized areas and rarely in rural areas but again extensively used in the urbanized productive sectors such as manufacturing and commercial and very little use in agriculture and natural resources sectors of the developing countries. However such level of geographical and inter-sectoral diversity in ICT use and their respective factors are yet to receive scientific evidence. Conversely, the study intends to fill the knowledge gap that to what extent spatial and inter-sectoral diversity use of ICT cause poverty differential as it is proved by Tambo (2009), that still there is very little solid evidence to convince a skeptic that ICTs are reducing poverty in more than a handful of the (often quoted) examples.

The rationale of this study base on its relevance as it focuses on addressing causes of spatial poverty differences basing on the use of ICT. The study results will identify spatial and inter-sectoral differences on the use of ICT will be reduced and the marginalized communities will be able to exploit opportunities related to ICT hence to integrate into their productive activities. Through identification of factors which cause spatial and inter-sectoral disparities in use of ICT, the study will be able to provide policy recommendations on the appropriate ways of mainstreaming ICT use into rural sectors and ensure a harmonized inter-sectoral connectivity of ICT systems and devices for an integrated ICT system between sectors and various spatial units. Again the study results are expected to show an empirically proved linkage between ICT and human growth and later poverty reduction initiatives. As a result study findings will be useful to provide practical solutions in reducing of spatial differences hence to reduce political, economic and social rival ness between Tanzania regions and districts and respective sectors

6. Objectives THE main goal of this study is to reduces poverty among rural communities in Tanzania through improved service delivery in LGA. The main objective of this research proposal is assessing spatial and inter-sectoral divergences in use of ICT in reducing income poverty in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intends to ;

1. assess the magnitude spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of ICT use2. identify factors that influence spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of

ICT use3. assess effects of spatial and inter-sectoral divergence of ICT use in

poverty reduction initiatives

4. recommends on approaches and policy measures towards best use and adaptation of ICT in Tanzania.

7. Research questions A number research questions and indicators will be developed to assess the

extent of ICT use by spatial and sectors distribution, factors which hinder spatial and sectoral balance in the use of ICT and effects of ICT use in human growth and poverty reduction. Such indicators and respective questions are as follows;

• Network Access – What are the availability, cost and quality of ICT networks, services and equipments by an area and sector?• Networked Learning – Does the educational system integrate ICTs into its processes to improve learning? Are there technical training programmes in the community that can train and prepare an ICT workforce?• Networked Society – To what extent are individuals using information and communication technologies at work and in their personal lives? Are thereSignificant opportunities available for those with ICT skills?• Networked Economy – How are areas and sectors use information and communication technologies to interact with the market and suppliers and with each other?• Network Policy – To what extent does the ICT environment promote or hinder the growth of ICT adoption and use?.Institutional and Structural – How the sectoral relationships and geographical positions affects trend and magnitude ICT use?. Financial/Budget – What is the sectoral and area budget on ICT and what livelihood effects it impose in the local communities?. Economic Implications- Does spatial and sectoral diversity on ICT use pose social and economic (income, food security) divergences?

8. Literature review By definition, ICTs include electronic networks – embodying complex hardware and software - linked by a vast array of technical protocols (Mansell and Silverstone, 1996). ICTs are embedded in networks and services that affect the local and global accumulation and flows of public and private knowledge. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, ICTs cover Internet service provision, telecommunications equipment and services, information technology equipment and services, media and broadcasting, libraries and documentation centres, commercial information providers, network-based information services, and other related information and communication activities. This is quite an expansive definition (ECA, 1999). It is not uncommon to find definitions of ICTs that are synonymous with those of information technology (IT). For example, Foster defines IT as 'the group of technologies that is revolutionizing the handling of information' and embodies a convergence of interest between electronics, computing and communication (Drew and Foster, 1994).

ICTs offer the potential to share information across traditional barriers, to give a voice to traditionally unheard peoples, to provide valuable information that enhances economic, health and educational activities. But ICTs are only a tool: pro-poor development must consider ICTs a means in the fight against poverty, not an end. Many of the genuinely “pro-poor” aspects of ICT-enabled growth may arise only indirectly.

The growth in infrastructure and the resulting connectedness (especially because of roads, but also thanks to electricity) has been shown to be an

immensely important factor governing the growth in household income. Studies show that pro-poor growth can be found where infrastructure services help to enhance the productivity of the poor:

Market expansion and improvement (reduction of transaction costs). Reduction of important dimensions of the risks that are inhibiting

private investment in manufacturing and agriculture. Reduction of the community and household risks from natural and

man-made disasters, and health emergencies. Contribution to empowerment (to a degree in the short term and

especially for the long term), by providing inputs – of communication facilities and mobility, energy and water supply – that are essential for the spread of education and health services to strengthen the human capital of the poor.

ICT infrastructure also demonstrates these characteristics, for instance: Access to market data can assist market expansion and reduce

transaction costs. Traders can reduce risk of overstocking by using ICTs to confirm

supply and demand. Emergency warnings by various media can substantially reduce risks. The combination of rural roads and ICTs can lead to more effective

responses to health.

Dymond & Oestmann (2002) offer a basic conceptual and practical foundation for discussing the role of ICTs in uplifting poor communities. They say the problem is between rich and poor, and urban and rural/remote areas. In addition, not all ICTs are easily delivered or assimilated in poor or remote areas, for both technical and operational reasons. Yet, the poor must have access to information to develop, as access is no longer a luxury for a few. They argue that even the poor are willing to send money to use information-related services (further evidence from Kayani and Dymond, 1997). Consequently, the problem to be addressed by policymakers is not that of affordability but that of supply strategy and policy. Given this contention, they suggest a structural way of addressing digital-divide issues and the expected response from policymakers. They report on rural telecommunications developments in Uganda as a potential model for other countries in Africa to consider. They believe that the only way to address the needs of poorer communities for ICT development is to enact complementary polices and the measures in this context include: good regulation and favourable ‘interconnection rules’; universal service and universal access funds; special licenses for companies; and incentives and rewards for technology companies and service providers to contribute resources to projects that benefit poorer areas and communities similar to what Dymond had written in the year 2000.

9. Methodology Study will use Longitudinal Research Design to capture data from ICT surveys between years 2005-2010. These data include income, ICT trends and use in Tanzania and poverty trends. The study will compare ICT use levels in both regional and district levels (inter and intra regional differences). The study area will include Tanga City and Korogwe District of Tanga region and Songea Municipal and and Tunduru District of Ruvuma region. The selection of Tanga region is based on the fact that Mbeya is one of urbanized regions in Tanzania that’s will represents urbanized regions while Ruvuma region represents rural based regions of Tanzania. Under inter-sectoral analysis, the study will compare agriculture and Business sectors as lower and higher user of ICT

respectively.

The study will use both primary and secondary data so as to achieve objectives of this study were. Incase of primary data interviews checklist and questionnaires will be designed to supplement and confirm the desk research in obtaining data related to the extent of ICT use by spatial and sectors criteria. The multistage sampling technique will be applied at different stages while region, districts, streets/villages and household will be unit of analysis. The first stage will involve stratified sampling to select two regions (i) Tanga and (ii) Ruvuma to represent urbanized and rural regions respectively. The second stage will use stratified sampling to select four districts (Tanga City, Korogwe District from Tanga region and Songea Municipal and Tunduru from Ruvuma region). The third stage will involve purposive sampling to selection of eight streets/villages which varies in income levels hence their inequality trends and regional integration measures will be observed. The forth stage will involve random selection of 40 households from each street/villages hence to make a total of 320 respondents from entire study.

Data collected will be verified, coded and analyzed using Statistical Software to explain relationships between study variables. Under descriptive statistics the study will use percentages, means and frequency distribution will be calculated so as to analyze respondent’s socio-economic characteristics. Relationships between variables will be analyzed with correlation. A chi-square will be used to compare means of various unit s of analysis in the study area for objective one. The inferential analysis will employ various models to analyze data. As Kolm (1977) suggested that greater the number of attributes considered, the better is the assumption of 'anonymity' and 'impartiality' in welfare analysis. In general, the Compiled/Group household income (average income) will be used to compute Group Gini Coefficient as measure of income diversity for areas and sectors differences in relation to use of ICT, HFIAS as measure of food security and wealth index for wealth inequalities in both poor and urbanized regions and rural based. Probit regression model will be used to determine relationship between causes of districts and regional group ICT use and their income diversity. Lastly, gravity analysis will measure of spatial concentration of ICT facilities as indicator of levels of region integration by measuring economic and geographic weight of a region (regions or sub-region/district).

10. Results The Project will be able to deliver the following outputs (i) Publications, (ii) a research report and (iii) 2- Stakeholders seminars and final report.Basing from above outputs it is expected that the project will achieve number of outcomes such as Policy Makers: ICT related policies will be assessed to identify their

deficiencies on poverty reduction initiatives and to try the best ways that will ensure that ICT policies reduce spatial and sectoral gaps in use of ICT. Change in attitudes and working culture to include a spatial and sectoral integration in poverty reduction initiatives by the policy makers.

Implementers: Better data and information around spatial and sectoral poverty, poverty and improved systems for spreading innovation and learning about poverty and the link between ICT and poverty reduction. Greater spatial and sectoral integration and coherence in ICT policy implementation.

Beneficiaries/Stakeholders: The study anticipates to realizes more efforts towards use of ICT for people/stakeholders in the marginalized areas and sectors. In addition there will be greater participation and dialogue for social partners and people experiencing poverty. More

resources within existing policies/ programmes directed towards marginalized sectors, regions and districts so as to achieve a balanced use of ICT.

11. Research Team organisation

1. Dr Omari B. Mzirai (PhD, Dept of Environmental Planning, Senior lecturer – Team Leader)

2. Mr. Andrew Komba (MSc, Dept of Development Finance and Management Studies, Assistant Lecturer, Researcher)

3. Baltazar M.L. Namwata (MSc. Agric. Education and Extension, Researcher)

12. Schedule

13. Budget Summary of the Study Budget

Particulars Units x Days Price Amount

(Tshs)

Per diems for Data Collection for researchers

3 X 60 80,000 14,400,000

Per diems for Data Collection for District Staff and Local Animators

12 X 10 80,000 9,600,000

Stakeholders Forum during report presentation

100 x 2 days 65,000 13,000,000

Stakeholders Forum during papers presentation

100 x 2 days 65,000 13,000,000

Report Production Lump sum 8,000.000 8,000,000

Transport Cost Lump sum 7,000,000 7,000,000

Stakeholders workshop Lump sum 10,000,000 10,000,000

Total 75,000,000

Annexes: A) Research Team - List of all Research Team members,

including contact information and organizational/Departmental affiliation.

B) Team Profiles - CVs of each team member (maximum of 2 pages each).

Activities Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Proposal DevelopmentDevelopment of data collection toolsPre testing of toolsData collectionData Analysis and report writingStakeholder workshopFinal Report

C) Additional Info - Any other relevant information the Research Team wishes to include. Please identify these documents in the cover letter.

AnnexesAnnex A: Research Team

Name Institution Department Contact AddressMr. Andrew M. Komba Institute of Rural

Development PlanningDevelopment Finance & Management Studies

P.O.Box 138, Dodoma,

Dr.Omari Mzirai Institute of Rural Development Planning

Environmental Planning Planning & Management

P.O.Box 138, Dodoma,

Mr.Baltazar Namwata Institute of Rural Development Planning

Development Finance & Management Studies

P.O.Box 138, Dodoma

Annex B: ReferencesMansell, R. and R. Silverstone (1996) Communication by Design: The Politics of Information and Communication Technologies. Oxford: OUP

Drew, E., and F. G. Foster (eds.) (1994) Information Technology in Selected Countries. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu19ie/uu19ie00.htm

Dymond, A. & S. Oestmann (2002) ‘Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): Poverty Alleviation and Universal Access Policies’. ATPS Special Paper No. 9, Nairobi, March 2002

Kayani, R. and A. Dymond (1997) ‘Options for Rural Telecommunications Development.’ World Bank Technical Paper No. 359. http://www.inteleconresearch.com/pages/wbank.htmlEconomic Commission for Africa (ECA) (1999) 'An Overview of ICT Trends and Policy in Africa.' May 1999, UNECA, Addis Ababa http://www.un.org/Depts/eca/adf/Annex C: Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers

Name of Staff : Mr. Andrew M. KombaName of Firm : IRDPProfession : Policy Development SpecialistDate of Birth : 24 September 1975Nationality : Tanzanian

Membership in Professional Societies:

Member of International Planners Association, Member of NUFFIC Alumni Association Member of MIPANGO Academician Staff Association

Contacts:Email: andrewkomba@yahoo.co.uk andrew.komba75@gmail.com

info@wemaconsult.comTel: +255 22 2630539Mob: +255 784 656804

Key Qualifications

Mr Andrew Komba is a Lecturer at IRDP under Department of Development Finance and Management. As a Lecturer he teaches number of subjects including; Policy Analysis, Poverty Analysis, Disaster Management and Prevention, Population Dynamics, Natural Resource Management, Planning & Budgeting, Budget Analysis, Governance, Physical Planning, Policy Analysis, Poverty Analysis Project Planning and Management, Investment Appraisal, Regional Analysis, Development Economics, Strategic Management, General Management and Development Studies .As an academician, he has undertaken a number of roles as a researcher, consultant and facilitator for various clients and organizations including the Central Government and Local Government Authorities, Non Governmental Organizations and the Private Sector in Tanzania. As an expert in policy formulation and analysis, project write-up skills, baseline survey, research, need assessment, employment issues, strategic planning, project planning, regional planning policy and poverty analysis community/development needs assessment and health surveys. Mr Komba has extensive experience in participatory researches and it’s application as well as experience in training both government and non-government staff at various levels. He has participated in various missions concerned with policy review and formulation, evaluation, need and impact assessment, planning, and lobbying and advocacy. Recently Mr. Komba is pursuing a PhD (Forth Year) in Poverty Analysis at Development Studies Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture.Education: MSc in Development Policy with emphasis in (Policy Analysis, Programme Evaluation, Public Sector

Budgeting, Budget Analysis Strategic Planning and Management, Poverty Analysis, Natural Resource Management and Gender Analysis),2006

Post Graduate in Project Appraisal and Management, Maastricht School of Management, The Netherlands 2005-2006

Post Graduate Diploma in Regional Planning: (Institute of Rural Development Planning) 2000- 2001 Advanced Diploma in Regional Planning: (Institute of Rural Development Planning) 1997- 2000.

Other Training:

Participatory Research Methods and Data Analysis Techniques, REPOA, 2009 Certificate in Project Management and Evaluation, MDF ESA, Arusha 2006 Certificate in Participatory Planning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment , IRDP , Dodoma,

2004 Training in Development Policy Analysis, MU,2005 Certificate in Design of Terms of Reference, MDF, Dodoma, Tanzania, 2005 Certificate in Marketing, University of Dar es salaam, 2003

Country of work Experience:

Netherlands and Germany

Work Experience:

(a) Regional and Development Planning, Development Policy

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Team Leader: Household Economic Survey

Description of Duties:

Responsible for: Design of Household Economic Survey Supervise Data Collection Process Data Analysis Reporting

Client: USAID, DAI, IMARISHA PROGRAMMEYear: 2011 Countries: Tanzania

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Team Leader: Training on good governance and democracy; Poverty Analysis; The Councilors responsibility Responsible for: Preparation of Training Manual for Governance Provide Training of Governance and Poverty Analysis to LGAs staff and

Leaders Produce Training Report,

Client: Iringa District Councils Year: 2011 Countries: Tanzania

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Preparation of Disaster Management Policy , 2011. Responsibilities: Review of Disaster Management Policy of 2003 Review of National Operational Guideline for Implementation of Disaster

Management Policy of 2003 Develop the Management Policy of 2011 Develop Disaster Implementation Strategy of 2011

Client: PMO Year: 2011Countries: Tanzania

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Public Expenditure Tracking System (PETs) in Bahi District.Responsibilities: Design PETs system for Bahi District Council Design PETs Training for Bahi District Council Conduct PETs training to communities of Bahi District Council Set-up PETs committee for Bahi District Council

Client: SARHINGONYear: 2010 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of

Consultant: Formulation of District Strategic Plan 2010/11-2012/13 Responsibilities:

Duties: Review the Strategic Plan of Kilombero District Council of 2007/08 Develop the Strategic Plan of Kilombero District Council for years 2010/11-

2012/13 Set-p Monitoring and Evaluation System for Kilombero District Council

Client: Kilombero DCYear: 2010 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Study on Integration of Employment Issues in Development Frameworks Responsibilities: Develop the Inception Report for the Study Conduct research and analysis of the study findings Present the Research Report to the Stakeholders Incorporatecomments and produce the Interim Report Present the findingsto the MKUKUTA steering committee Produce the final report

Client: MoFEA Year: 2010Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK (DESUNE) Position Held and Description of Duties:

Team Leader/Project Evaluator: Conducting Baseline Survey and Report WritingResponsibilities: Design the Baseline Survey Conduct the Survey Produce the Baseline Report Set-up M&E framework for SMECAO

Client: SMECAOYear: 2009 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: DESUNE Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Conducting Baseline Survey and Report Writing & Lobbying and Advocacy Training. Responsibilities: Design the Baseline Survey Conduct the Survey Produce the Baseline Report Set-up M&E framework for BIDII-Project

Client: BIDII-Project Year: 2008Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Formulation on Five Year Project on Water Resources ManagementResponsibilities: Design the five years plan for the TAWASANET Conduct stakeholders forum to discuss and approve the Plan Produce the final report Prepare reports

Client: TAWASNETYear: 2008 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: DESUNEPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Formulation of PELUM-Tz Strategic and Operational PlanResponsibilities: Review the Strategic Plan of PELUM-Tz Develop the Strategic Plan of PELUM-Tz Set-p Monitoring and Evaluation System for PELUM-Tz

Client: PELUM-Tz Year: 2008 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Paper on Governance, Policy Processes and Poverty Reduction in Tanzania, 2008.

Key responsibility included: Prepare a paper Present a paper on Policy Dialogue Symposium Finalize the Paper and submitt to the

Client: Foundation for Civil Society Year: 2008 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Trainer: Project Management and Strategic Management TechniquesResponsibilities: Prepare Training Manual of Project Management and Strategic Management

Techniques Conduct training on Project Management and Strategic Management

Techniques Preparation of Technical Report,

Client: Iringa Municipality Date: 2008Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Formulation of Regional Integrated Strategic Plan, Sustainable Capacity. Responsible for: Capacity Building Plan for Kigoma Region and District Staff, Public-Private Partnership Development Plan,

Consolidation Plan for Human Security for Refugees Repatriate Areas Client: UNDPYear: 2008Country: (Tanzania)

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK (DESUNE)Position Held and Description Of Duties

Consultant: Training of Lobbying and Advocacy Skills and Community Empowerment Programme Setting a Action Plan for Lobbying and advocacy projects Arusha Municipal Conducting End Evaluation for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Arusha

MunicipalClient: Action for Children in ConflictDate: 2007Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK (DESUNE)Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant, Public Expenditure Tracking for Bunda and Bukoba Councils Education Budgets & Lobbying and Advocacy Training Responsibilities: Setting up M&E framework for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Bunda and

Bukoba Councils Conducting End Evaluation for Lobbying and advocacy projects in Bunda and

Bukoba Councils

Client: Tanzania Coalition for Debt and DevelopmentDate: 2007Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORKPosition Held and Description Of Duties:

Consultant: Program Evaluation

Responsibilities: Evaluation of Programme Products Produce the Evaluation Report Produce list of recommendation for next programme interventions

Client: Tanzania Coalition for Debt and DevelopmentDate: 2007Countries: ( TANZANIA)

Employer: Institute of Rural development PlannngPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant; Programme Evaluation; LUMP and Indigenous Knowledge Projects.Responsibilities: Design a research plan Conduct a research Provide a research report includes:

Client: INADES FORMATIONDate: 2006

Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORK Position Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Review of Agriculture Policies in TanzaniaResponsibilities: Prepare a paper on the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania Present a paper on the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania Submit final paper of the review of Agriculture policies in Tanzania

Client: UNCDDDate: 2006Countries: (Tanzania,)

Employer: DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT NETWORKPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture PoliciesMajor responsibility includes: Prepare a paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in Tanzania Present a paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in Tanzania Submit final paper on Lobbying and Advocacy for Agriculture policies in

TanzaniaClient: UNCDDDate: 2006Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development PlanningPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Un employment , Disaster and Vulnerability Assessment Research project –Conduct Vulnerability Assessment in Kibondo and Kasulu DistrictsClient: UNICEFDate: 2006Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development PlaniingPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Researcher: An Assessment of the determinants of Corporate Socio Responsibility Adoption in poverty reduction process, A case study of Dodoma Municipal Conduct research Produce research report

Client:IRDP, Year: 2006Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural development Planning Position Held and Description of Duties:

Senior Consultant: Training: Project Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Responsibilities: Preparation of training Manual Conducting Training Develop a training report

Client: Dodoma Municipality

Year: July 2006Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning Position Held and Description of Duties:

Senior Consultant: Training on Management and Leadership Skills, Strategic Management and Project Formulation and AppraisalResponsibilities: Preparation of training Manual Conducting Training Develop a training report

Client: Maswa DC, Year: 2006 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: CAN AssociatesPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Developing Strategic Plans of 24 Non Governmental Organizations. Responsibilities: Review the Strategic Plan of KINGONET & KIKANGONET Develop the Strategic Plan of KINGONET & KIKANGONET Set-up Monitoring and Evaluation System for KINGONET & KIKANGONET

Client: CONCERNYear: 2005 Country: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural development PlaninningPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Consultant: Evaluation of MVUMI Project Responsible for: Setting up Evaluation Plan Conducting Evaluation Produce Evaluation Report

Client: DCTYear: July 2005 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development PlanningPosition Held and Description of Duties:

Hydrologist: Combination of O&OD and LFA Approaches in Poverty Reduction. Responsibilities: Preparation of Training Manual of O&OD and LFA Approaches Conducting ToT on the combined Approaches Produce Report of ToT training

Client:PMO/RFSP/IFADYear: June 2008 – Sept 2008 Countries: (Tanzania)

Employer: Institute of Rural Development Planning

Position Held and Description of Duties:

Team Leader: Training of Development Planners on Participatory Monitoring and Impact Assessment Responsibilities: Preparation of training Manual Conducting Training Develop a training report

Client: Dodoma District Planners Year: 2003 Countries: (Tanzania)

Languages: Speaking Reading Writing

English excellent excellent excellent Swahili excellent excellent excellent

I, the undersigned, certify that to the best knowledge and belief, these data correctly describe my qualifications, and experience.

Andrew Marcelin Komba Date: 13 January 2012Signature of Staff member and authorized representative of the firm Day/Month/Year

Selected Publications

1. Komba, AM and Mzirai, O.B (2010), Economic Analysis of Employment Sector in Tanzania, RPJ, Special Issues, 2011

2. Komba, AM, Dimoso, P.D, Mdendemi, TRK, and Masanyiwa, Z.S (2010) Kigoma Regional Strategic and Socio-economic Profile, RPJ

3. Promotion of Employment in Tanzania: Achievements and Challlenges, RPJ Special VolumeI4. Komba, AM and Namwata, B.L, (2008), Project Planning and Management Manual for Graduate

Students, IRDP, Dodoma5. Komba A.M and Lifuliro C.S (2006), Aids Knowledge and Sexual Behaviour in Tanzania, Research

Report, IRPJ vol12676. Komba A, M (2003), Effects of Agriculture Training on Local Farmer’s Productivity, 2003,Research

Reoprt submitted to IRDP(Unpublished)

Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Omari MziraiCURRICULUM VITAE (CV)

Name of Staff : Dr. Omari B. Mzirai

Name of Firm : Institute of Rural Development Planning - Dodoma

Profession : Soil and Water Resources Eng/Agro-Hydrology and Water Resource Modelling Specialist

Date of Birth : 26 June 1966

Nationality : TanzanianTelephone: 2557544885550/255087166515Email: imzirai@yahoo.com, imzirai@gmail.com

Membership in Professional Societies:

Professional Agricultural Engineer – Tanzania Member of Society of Southern and Eastern Africa Society of Agricultural Engineer (SEASAE) Member of Mipango Academic Staff Association Member of International Rainwater Harvesting Association Member of Tanzania Rainwater Harvesting Association Member of Dodoma One Association Member of Tanzania Natural Resources Forum

Contacts:

Email: imzirai@yahoo.commziray@irdp.ac.tz

Tel: +255 26 2303190Fax: +255 26 2301341Mob: +255 754 485 550; +255 655 685550 or +255 787 166 515

Education:

PhD in Soil and Water Management with emphasis in modelling agro-hydrological systems in semi arid areas (Development of PT model for macro catchment RWH systems ), Centre for land Use and Water Resources Management (University of Newcastle Upon Tyne) and Soil Water Management Research Programme (Sokoine University of Agriculture) 2007.

M.Sc Agric. Eng. (Land Use Planning) – Development of pedotrasfer function for Itogolo soils in Sukuma land catena, Sokoine University of Agriculture (1997).

B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)- Tanzania (TZ), 1993. (Horns).

Other Training:

Three days training on Effective facilitation of Competence Based Learning (CBET), Provided by the National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) and Institute of Rural Development Planning, March 2010.

Three days training on Research Methods, provided by The Institute of Rural Development Planning, Dodoma, March, 2010.

One week training on electronic resources awareness. Provided by INASP and Institute of Rural Development Planning, February, 2010.

One month training course on management of change, Organised by PMORALG,, Morogoro, Tanzania (2006) Three months training on PC Arc info and Arc view GIS (Under Unix operating system) – Centre for Land Use

and Water Resources (CLUWR), UK 2003. Building highly effective teams, Organized by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission in the

United Kingdom, London (2003). Obtaining and Managing External Research Funding, Organized by the Commonwealth Scholarship

Commission in the United Kingdom, London.(2003) Three month training course in Statistics in Agricultural Climatology (SIAC-2001) at Institute for

Meteorological Training and Research (IMTR) , Nairobi Kenya ( 2001). One Month training on advanced technology course on developing application with office and VBA:

Hands –on, Tree Learning Institute, London, UK, 2001.

Country of work Experience:

Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Swaziland and South Africa, Thailand, England, Germany, Netherlands

COMPUTER LITERACY: Good. I have command of the following programs:

Word Processing e.g. (Word 97, WP) ( for Dos & Windows) Electronic Spreadsheet (Excel, lotus, Quattro Pro) Programming (Turbo Pascal, Fortran, Visual basic) Statistical analysis by MSTATC, SPSS and C+ Graphics (Draw perfect, Corel Draw etc) Publication (Ventura, Publisher etc) Remote Sensing (Erdas etc) GIS (arc view) Operating systems (DOS, Windows, Unix)

Languages: Speaking Reading Writing

English excellent excellent excellent Swahili excellent excellent excellent

I, the undersigned, certify that to the best knowledge and belief, these data correctly describe my

qualifications, and experience.

Mzirai Omari Date: Jan 2012

Curriculum Vitae of Baltazar Namwata1. PERSONAL DETAILSName of the firm: The Institute of Rural Development PlanningName of staff: Baltazar Mlagara Lyamongo NamwataDate of Birth: 23 June 1975Year with the firm Since February 2006Membership of Professional Society Mipango Academic Staff Association (MIASA)Mailing Address: Institute of Rural Development Planning,

P.O. Box 138, DodomaFax: +255-26-230 1341/+255-26-230 134

Tel: +255-26-230-2147/+255-26-230 3190Cell: 0784 588 258, 0715 588 258 and 0767 588 258E-mail: bnamwata@gmail.com and baltazarnamwata@yahoo.com

Nationality: Tanzanian

2. EDUCATION BACKGROUND 2008/09-2011/12: PhD Candidate, The University of Dodoma 2002/03 –2003/04: MSc. in Agricultural Education and Extension, SUA, Morogoro 1997/98 – 2000/01: BSc. in Agriculture General, SUA, Morogoro 1994/95 – 1995/96: A-level Certificate of Secondary Education, Tosamaganga High School 1990 - 1993: O-level Certificate of Secondary Education, Bunda Secondary School 1983 - 1989: Primary Education Certificate, Nansimo Primary School, Bunda District

3. RESEARCH AND FIELD EXPERIENCES Demographic Dimensions and their Implications on the Incidence of Street Begging in Urban Areas of

Central Tanzania: the Case of Dodoma and Singida Municipalities. Determinants of Beekeeping in Potential Forest Areas of Balang’dalalu Ward in Hanang’ District,

Tanzania. Urban Agricultural Practice as a Challenge to Urban Authorities in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania Dynamics of Street Beggars and Begging Life in Urban Areas of Central Zone Tanzania financed by

REPOA; Impacts of expansion of Ruaha National Park and changing livelihoods of displaced communities in

Usangu wetland in Mbarali district; Adoption of improved agricultural technologies for Irish potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among farmers in

Mbeya Rural district, Tanzania: A case of Ilungu ward; Negative Economic Importance of Malaria on Households in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Rural and Peri-

urban Areas in Morogoro; Integrating agriculture in urban planning for poverty eradication in semi-arid Tanzania; Promoting sunflower production in central zone of Tanzania through commodity value chain; Rural Household Characteristics and Incidence of Poverty in Bukombe District in Shinyanga Region,

Tanzania Analysis of the contributions of “bicycle taxis” to poverty reduction in Nyalikungu Ward in Maswa district Demographic Context of Rural Household and Its Implications for Poverty in Bukombe District in

Shinyanga Region, Tanzania Household livelihood strategies for coping with urban poverty in Tanzania: The case of Isamilo ward in

Mwanza city

Child labour in tobacco and tea sub-sectors in Tanzania. Business Development Services (BDS) and the performance of micro-enterprises in Dodoma Municipality

(2007). Knowledge and Attitudes of Community Members and Health Officers on the Use of Mosquito Treated

Nets in Controlling Malaria for Under five Children in Kinondoni Municipality (2006). Assessment of the Farmer-to-Farmer Extension Approach: The Case of Njombe District, Iringa Region,

Tanzania (MSc. Dissertation Submitted to SUA in November 2004). Assessment of Farmers’ Adoption of SUA-Bean varieties in the districts of Lushoto, Hai and Magu

(September 2004). Gender Focus in Community Development Initiatives in a grassroots umbrella CBO in Njombe District

(Umoja wa Vikundi vya Maendeleo Tarafa ya Mdandu abbreviated as UVIMTA – Mdandu) (A Special Project Report Submitted to World Vision Tanzania and MS Tanzania in July 2002).

Formulation of the Gender Guideline and Constitution for UVIMTA-Mdandu. Dissemination and Adoption of Agricultural Innovations among Maize and Rice Farmers in Mvomero

Division, Morogoro Rural District (A BSc. Project Paper submitted to SUA in July 2001). Field Practical Training at Peramiho-Mruma Centre in 2002 (Organic Farming and Agroforestry

Innovations), horticultural unit of SUA in 2001 (Horticultural Practices), UMADEP Programmes in Mvomero Division in 2000 (Planning and Management of Development Interventions) and ARI-Uyole (Various Farming Practices) in 1998.

4. JOURNAL PAPERS Namwata, B.M.L and Masanyiwa, Z.S. (2008). Prospects and Challenges of Farmer-to- Farmer Extension

Approach in Adoption of Agricultural Innovations amongst farmers in Njombe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal. Vol. 10 (2): 72-85

Maselle, A.E., Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Namwata, B.M.L (2008). Demographic Context and Its Implications for Rural Household Poverty in Bukombe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal. Vol. 10

Namwata, B.M.L; Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Mwageni, T.O. (2010). Farmers’ Opinions on the Effectiveness of Extension Agents in Influencing Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: A   case of selected villages in Njombe District, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal 12(2): 120-147

Mujwahuzi, L.S; Namwata, B.M.L. and Masanyiwa, Z.S. (2010). Negative Economic Importance of Malaria on Households in Tanzania: A Case of Selected Rural and Peri-urban Areas in Morogoro, Tanzania. Rural Planning Journal 12(2):200-215

Maselle, A.E., Masanyiwa, Z.S. and Namwata, B.M.L (2010). Household Socio-economic Characteristics and Poverty in Tanzania: A case of Selected Villages in Bukombe District.  Institute of Social Work Journal. Vol. 1 (1): 59-76

Namwata B.M.L, Lwelamira, J and Mzirai, O.B (2010). Adoption of Improved Agricultural Technologies for Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) among Farmers in Mbeya Rural District, Tanzania: A case of Ilungu ward. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2010. Vol. 8, Issue 1: 927-935. http://www.biosciences.elewa.org/JAPS; ISSN 2071 – 7024

Namwata, B.M.L., Mgabo, M.R. and Dimoso, P. (2011). Demographic Dimensions and their Implications on the Incidence of Street Begging in Urban Areas of Central Tanzania: the Case of Dodoma and Singida Municipalities. Global Journal of Human Social Science Volume 11 Issue 4 Version 1.0 July 2011, Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA), Print ISSN: 0975-587X

Namwata, B.M.L.; Malila, M.N. and Mnguu, Y.O. (2011). Determinants of Beekeeping in Potential Forest Areas of Balang’dalalu Ward in Hanang’ District, Tanzania. Journal of Social Sciences (JSS), University of Dodoma. Vol. 2 (1) 2011.

Mwageni, T.O., Namwata, B.M.L. and Hauli, E. (2011) Urban Agricultural Practices as a Challenge to Urban Authorities in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania. Accepted paper for publication in RPJ 13 (1) June 2011

Kuboja, N.M; Bilaro, A.L.; Namwata, B.M.L.; and Lwezaura, D. (2011) Analysis of Maize Commodity Value Chain to Increase its Utilization and Commercialization in Kigoma Region. Accepted paper for publication in RPJ 13 (1) June 2011

5. COMPUTER SKILLSVery good working knowledge of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, SPSS (9.0 and 11.5) and Internet

6. LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

Language Speaking Reading WritingEnglish Excellent Excellent ExcellentSwahili Excellent Excellent Excellent

7. DECLARATIONI, Baltazar Mlagara Lyamongo Namwata, certify that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this curriculum vitae correctly describes my qualifications, my experience and myself. I understand that any wilful mis-statement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal.

Signature Date: January 2012