mzesumziras warmoebis agroteqnologia

kulturis zogadi daxasiaTeba

laTinuri dasaxeleba Helianthus annus L botanikuri ojaxi rTulyvavilovani sicocxlis xangrZlivoba erTwliani ganviTarebis optimaluri temperatura 20-25°С

haeris optimaluri tenianoba 60-65% niadagis optimaluri tenianoba 70-75% niadagis ares optimaluri reaqcia pH 6,0-7,0 kritikuli temperaturuli minimumi -8°С-dan -10°С-mde

kritikuli temperaturuli maqsimumi 40°С

sasurveli winamorbedi kulturebi saSemodgomo TavTaviani da samarcvle parkosani kulturebi, simindi.

arasasurveli winamorbedi kulturebi mravalwliani balaxebi, Saqris Warxali.

kulturis botanikuri da agrobiologiuri daxasiaTeba

mzesumzira rTulyvavilovanTa botanikuri ojaxis warmomadgeneli erTwliani kulturaa. misi mTavarRerZiani fesvi uxvad aris datotvili da Rrmad Cadis niadagSi, 2-2,5 metramde. Rero swormdgomia, Signidan amovsebulia rbili qsoviliT. ar itoteba, simaRliT aRwevs 2,5-4 metramde. aseve, arsebobs mzesumzuras juja formebic, romelTa Reros simaRle 50-70 sm-mdea. mzesumziras foToli grZelyunwiania, didi, ovalur-gulisebri moyvanilobis, wawvetebuli boloTi da dakbiluli kideebiT, foTlis firfitis orive mxare da Reroc Sebusvilia. qveda foTlebi Reroze gawyobilia mopirdapired, Sua da zeda foTlebi ki morigeobiT. foTolTa raodenoba mcenareze jiSebis mixedviT, icvleba 14-dan 50-mde. yvavili kalaTaa, romelic moTavsebulia Reros daboloebaze, kalaTa garSemokrulia ramdenime wyeba foTlebiT. misi diametri, jiSebis da gamoyenebuli agroteqnikis mixedviT 8-dan 40 sm-mde SeiZleba iyos. yvavilebi orgvaria, enisebri da milisebri. enisebri yvavili unayofoa - calsqesiani da ganlgebulia kalaTis kideebze. milisebri yvavili ki orsqesiania, aqvT 5 mtvriana da 1 butko,romelic ufro adre mwifdeba vidre mtvrianebi da amis gamo mzesumzira jvaredinad gamanayofierebeli mcenarea, raSic did monawileobas iReben mwerebi. karg Sedegs iZleva kalaTebis xelovnuri damtverva - futkris gayvana naTesebSi da maTi daxmarebiT damtverianeba. mzesumziras nayofi Tesluraa, gaxevebuli TananayofiT, anu qerqiT, romelic TeslTan aris Sezrdili. Teslura garegnulad SeiZleba iyos Savi, monacrisfro, TeTri, zolebiani, sxvadasxva elferiT. 1000 cali Tesluras masa 40-dan 170 gramamdea.

mzesumziras gavrcelebuli jiSebi

donis 60

daxasiaTeba. sagviano jiSia. mosavali saSualod Seadgens 2-3,5 tonas 1 ha-ze. vegetaciis xangrZlivoba 120-125 dRes Seadgens.

jiSi AS 34102

daxasiaTeba:

sazeTe mimarTulebis sagviano jiSi.

vegetacia grZeldeba 125-130 dRe.

jiSi 34111

daxasiaTeba:

sazeTe mimarTulebis sagviano jiSi.

vegetaciis xangrZlivoba: 125-130 dRe.

adgili TeslbrunvaSi

mzesumzira, rogorc saToxni mcenare, TeslbrunvaSi Tavsdeba TavTavian pureulebs Soris. kargi winamorbedia misTvis saSemodgomo xorbali da sagazafxulo qeri, romlebic mindors adre aTavisufleben da SesaZlebeli xdeba mzesumzirasaTvis niadagis naadrevad momzadeba. kidev ufro karg mosavals iZleva mzesumzira samarcvle parkosani kulturebisagan ganTavisuflebul mindorze. mzesumziras warmoeba ar aris rekomendebuli lobios Semdeg, radgan maT erTi daavadeba - sklerocinia azianebT. garda amisa mzesumziras warmoeba ar aris rekomendebuli im nakveTebze, sadac wina wlebSi iwarmoeboda mravalwliani balaxebi, Saqris Warxali.

mzesumzirasaTvis gansazRvruli nakveTis SerCeva

mzesumziras warmoeba SesaZlebelia TiTqmis yvelanair niadagebze. misTvis ukeTesia mdidari Savmiwa niadagebi, agreTve aluviuri da yavisferi niadagebi. mcire mosavals iZleva mZime Tixa niadagebze. misTvis uvargisia Zlier silnari da kiriT mdidari miwebi ver egueba Zlier mJave reaqciisa da mlaSob niadagebs. warmoebisaTvis saWiro mJavianobis are pH 6,0-dan 7,0-mdea. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mzesumziras warmoebisaTvis SerCeul farTobze niadagis ares reaqcia aRniSnul parametrebze meti an naklebia, anu niadagis mzesumziras warmoebisaTvis SeuTavseblad mJave, an piriqiT tute reaqciisaa, am dros kulturis dargvamde saWiro iqneba niadagis mJavianobis ares xelovnuri regulireba Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebiT. fiziologiurad mJave niadagebze pH-is regulirebis mizniT gamoiyeneba niadagis mokirianeba, xolo tute reaqciis ares mqone niadagebze ki pH regulirdeba moTabaSirebis saSualebiT.

mokirianebis an moTabaSirebis aucileblobis dadgena da zusti dozebis identificireba

saWiroa ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi laboratoriuli analizis Sedegad, SerCeuli meliorantis saxeobis, fomis da agreTve, misi qimiuri da meqanikuri Semadgenlobis

gaTvaliswinebiT

niadagis ZiriTadi damuSaveba

mzesumzirasaTvis niadagis damuSavebis sistema damokidebulia adgilobriv pirobebze da winamorbed kulturebze. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu nakveTi dasarevlianebulia unda Catardes aCeCva. niadagi gafxvierdes 10-12-sm, xolo Semdeg moixnas Rrmad 30-32 sm siRrmeze, mzralad. tenis SenarCunebis mizniT adre gazafxulze xnuli daifarcxeba, xolo daTesvis win Catardeba kultivacia Tanmiyolebuli dafarcxviT.

Tesva da Semdomi movla

Tesvis vada. gaRivebisa da aRmocenebisaTvis mzesumzira didi raodenobiT tens moiTxovs da radgan mzesumzira saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad urwyavebSi iTeseba, amitom igi rac SeiZleba adreul vadebSi unda daiTesos. kaxeTis pirobebSi, Tu amindi amis saSualebas iZleva, Tesvas iwyeben Tebervlis meore naxevridan da amTavreben martSi. Teslis xarisxi. dasaTesad saukeTesoa msxvili, Tanabari da maRali aRmocenebis unaris mqone Tesli. msxvili Teslis daTesva (msxvilad iTvleba Tesli, rodesac misi 1000 calis masa aris 80-85 gr.) 300 kg-iT zrdis mosavlianobas. kvebis are da Tesvis norma. mzesumziras Tesva warmoebs saTesi manqanebiT. iTeseba mwkrivad, an kvadratul budobrivad. mwkrivad Tesvisas mwkrivebs da budnebs Soris manZili 70 sm-ia, xolo mcenareebs Soris manZili ki 30 sm. am wesiT Tesvisas erT ha-ze saWiro iqneba 10-12 kg Tesli. kvadratul-budobrivad daTesvisas budnaSi 2-3 mcenare darCeba. xolo budnebs Soris optimaluri manZili 70 sm-s Seadgens. am dros erT haze saWiroa 16-20 kg Tesli. CaTesvis siRrme. sarwyav pirobebSi mzesumzura 6-7 sm-is siRrmeze unda daiTesos. xolo urwyav pirobebSi ki mzesumzira iTeseba 8-10 sm. siRrmeze. naTesis movla. mzesumziras aRmocenebamde Tu niadagma qerqi gaikeTa, saWiroa naTesi daifarcxos msubuqi farcxiT. aRmocenebis Semdeg, rodesac mcenare ganiviTarebs 1- wyvil namdvil foTols, am dros mwkrivebs gardigardmo farcxaven. amis Semdeg saWiroa perioduli kultivaciebis Catareba. saSualod, kultivacia tardeba 3-jer. pirveli kultivacia unda Catardes 6-8 sm-is siRrmeze, meore kultivacia tardeba 8-10 sm-is siRrmeze, xolo mesame kultivacia ki unda Catardes saSualod 5-sm-is siRrmeze. vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi saWiro iqneba naTesebis gameCxereba, raTa daculi iqnas mcenareebs Soris optimaluri manZilebi.

niadagis ganoyiereba da mcenaris kveba

saorientaciod, 1ha-ze 2 tona mosavlis misaRebad saWiroa nakveTSi Setanili iqnas: azoti N – 144 kg. (sufTa nivTiereba). fosfori P – 104 kg.(sufTa nivTiereba). kaliumi K – 596 kg. (sufTa nivTiereba). mineraluri sasuqebis Setanis optimaluri periodebi: azoti N — vegetaciis periodSi ramdenimejer Setana, gamokvebis saxiT; fosfori P — 2/3 mzralad moxvnis win, danarCeni gamokvebis saxiT, vegetaciisas. kaliumi K — 2/3 mzralad moxvnis win, danarCeni gamokvebis saxiT, vegetaciisas. mzralad moxvnis win Tu 1 ha-ze 20 tona gadamwvari nakels SevitanT, mineraluri sasuqebidan saWiro iqneba: azoti 44kg, fosfori 54kg, kaliumi 476 kg. (sufTa nivTierebebi).

mzesumziras nakveTSi Sesatani mineraluri elementebis zusti dozebis dadgena saWiroa niadagis agroqimiuri analizis Sedegebis mixedviT.

mzesumziras mavnebel-daavadebebi da integrirebuli dacva

sklerotiniozi anu TeTri sidample

gamomwvevi soko. Sclerotinia libertiana daavadebis simptomebi. axalgazrda mcenares fesvis yelTan uviTardeba TeTri feris nadebi, romelic Reros zedapiriT maRla vrceldeba. TeTri nadebiT dafaruli Reros zedapiri nestiandeba, lorwoiandeba da Sedegad, mcenare iRupeba. kalaTebis daavadebis dros daavadebis gaCenis adgilas kalaTa mura Seferilobas iRebs da iwyeba lpoba, romelic gadadis marcvlebzec. brZolis RonisZiebebi:

saRi saTesle masalis gamoyeneba.

dazianebuli mcenreeebis mocileba nakveTebidan

propinebis, an mankocebis Semcveli fungicidebiT wamlobis Catarebas SesaZloa hqondes efeqti daavadebis winaaRmdeg.

mzesumziras Janga

gamomwvevi soko. Puccinea helianthii Schw. daavadebis simptomebi. Reroebze, foTlebsa da kalaTebze Cndeba Jangisferi meWeWebi. droTa ganmavlobaSi meWeWebis gaCenis adgilas mcenaris qsovilebi kvdeba, mosavlianoba klebulobs da daavadebis intensiuri gavrclebis SemTxvevaSi mosalodnelia mcenaris sruli daRupva. brZolis RonisZiebebi:

saRi saTesle masalis gamoyeneba.

dazianebuli mcenreeebis mocileba nakveTebidan

propinebis, an mankocebis Semcveli fungicidebiT wamlobis Catarebas SesaZloa hqondes efeqti daavadebis winaaRmdeg.

mzesumziras Wraqi

gamomwvevi soko. Plasmopara halstedii Schw. daavadebis simptomebi. daavadebis pirveli niSnebi mcenareta aRmonacenze 3-4 foTlis fazaSi Cndeba. foTlis firfitaze, umTavresad ZarRvebis gaswvriv da xan mTlianadac moyviTalo feris da sxvadasxva zomis laqebi viTardeba. laqis qveda mxare nestian pirobebSi faSari teTri fifqiT ifareba. daavadebis Zlieri gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi foToli ixrukeba da xmeba. rodesac daavadeba fesvebamde miaRwevs, am dros mcenarec iRupeba. daavadeba azianebs mozrdil mcenareebsac, sadac analogiuri simptomebi Cndeba da iwvevs mcenareTa mosavlianobis klebas an naTesis srul ganadgurebas. brZolis RonisZiebebi:

saRi saTesle masalis gamoyeneba.

dazianebuli mcenreeebis mocileba nakveTebidan.

propinebis, an mankocebis Semcveli fungicidebiT wamlobis Catarebas SesaZloa hqondes efeqti daavadebis winaaRmdeg.

mzesumziras mavnebeli mwerebi

mzesumziras xarabuza

laTinuri saxelwodeba. Agapanthia dahli Rict. aRweriloba. xoWos sxeuli brWyviala-Savia, Subli moyviTalo feris bewvebiT aqvs dafaruli. zrdasruli matli xoWoze grZelia - 20-dan 25 mm-mde sigrZis. sxeuli mkrTali yviTeli ferisaa, aqvs muqi feris Tavi. uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvneloba. mavnebeli mzesumziras uzianebs Reroebs da foTlis yunwebs, misi moqmedebis Sedegad klebulobs mosavlis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi. gansakuTrebiT Zlier ziandeba gvian vadebSi daTesili mzesumziras mcenareebi. mavneblis moqmedebis Sedegad 12-13%-iT klebulobs cximis Semcveloba mzesumziras marcvlebSi. brZolis RonisZiebebi:

kulturaTa monacvleobis dacva.

brZola sarevela mcenareebis winaaRmdeg.

mzesumziras adreul vadebSi Tesva.

deltametrinis, an qlorpirifosis Semcveli inseqticidebiT wamlobis Catarebas SesaZloa hqondes efeqti daavadebis winaaRmdeg.

mzesumziras alura

laTinuri saxelwodeba. Homoeosoma nebulella Hb. aRweriloba. pepelas sigrZe gaSlili frTebiT 20-27 mm-mdea. wina frTebi Ria nacrisferia, ukana frTebi ki ufro mkrTali Seferilobisaa. frTebze emCneva muqi feris ZarRvebi da kilebi. matls zurgis mxridan gasdevs muqi an Ria-yavisferi sami sigrZivi zoli. misi Tavi mura-yviTeli Seferilobisaa. matlis sigrZe 15-16 mm-ia. uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvneloba. mavneblis matlebi ikvebebian mzesumziras gvirgvinis nawilebiT TesliT da kalaTas kideebis CaliT, ris Sedegadac mkveTrad klebulobs kulturis mosavlianoba. brZolis RonisZiebebi:

kulturaTa monacvleobis dacva.

mavneblisadmi gamZle jiSebis warmoeba.

deltametrinis, an qlorpirifosis Semcveli inseqticidebiT wamlobis Catarebas SesaZloa hqondes efeqti daavadebis winaaRmdeg.

brZolis kompleqsuri RonisZiebebi mzesumziras mavne organizmebisa da sarevelebis winaaRmdeg

mzesumziras wamlobebis warmoeba teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT rTulia da Sesabamisad, kulturis mavne organizmebis winaaRmdeg brZolisas umTavresi aqcenti unda gakeTdes iseTi saxis agroteqnikuri da meqanikuri brZolis RonisZiebebze rogoricaa:

kulturaTa monacvleobis dacva.

mavneblisadmi gamZle jiSebis warmoeba.

brZola sarevela mcenareebis winaaRmdeg.

dazianebuli mcenreeebis mocileba nakveTebidan. mavneblis an daavadebis intensiuri gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi ki mzesumziras daavadebebis winaaRmdeg kulturis vegetaciis procesSi daavadebaTa saxeobebis da vegetaciis etapis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnas propinebis mankocebis da daavadebebis winaaRmdeg efeqtis mqone sxva moqmed nivTierebaTa Semcveli fungicidebi. analogiurad, mavnebeli mwerebis gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi mzesumziras wamloba SesaZlebelia Catardes qlorpirifosis, deltametrisnis da sxv. moqmed nivTierebaTa Semcveli inseqticidebiT. rac Seexeba sarevelebis winaaRmdeg brZolis qimiur meTods, wamlobebi SesaZlebelia Catardes qvemoT mocemul sqemaSi warmodgenili moqmedi nivTierebebis Semcveli herbicidebiT:

ganviTarebis faza herbicidis

tipi rekomendirebuli moqmedi nivTiereba

yvela tipis sarevela - daTesvamde totaluri glifosati vegetaciis periodSi orlebniani sarevelebis winaaRmdeg

seleqciuri prometrini

vegetaciis periodSi marcvlovani sarevelebis winaaRmdeg

seleqciuri fluazitop-p-buTili

kulturis teniT uzrunvelyofa

mzesumzira wylisadmi yvelaze momTxovnia Teslis gaRivebis, aRmocenebis, yvavilobis da kalaTebis formirebis periodebSi. misi morwyvis jeradoba da normebi damokidebulia niadagis tenianobis maCvenebelsa da mcenaris ganviTarebis calkeul fazebze. zogadad, Tu amis saSualeba arsebobs, vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi mzesumzira 3-jer mainc unda moirwyas. morwyvis erTiani saorientacio norma erT ha-ze aris 1800-2100 kub.m. morwyva SesaZlebelia rogorc kvalSi miSvebiT, aseve dawvimebiT.

mosavlis aReba-Senaxva

gavrcelebuli wesia mosavlis aReba marcvlis asaRebi kombainiT. aReba iwyeba maSin, roca kalaTebis 50-70% gayviTldeba da Sexmeba. kalaTebidan marcvalis gamolewvis Semdeg mosavali kaloze gadaaqvT, sadac aSroben da aniaveben, ris Semdegac marcvlis tenianoba 12%-ze, xolo maRalzeTiani jiSebSi 7%-ze meti ar unda iyos. gamSrali marcvali tomrebiT inaxeba mRrRnelebisgan dacul mSral adgilas.

mzesumziras warmoebis agroteqnologiuri ruqa

farTobi 1ha. dagegmili mosavali 2 t.

samuSaos/masalis dasaxeleba

Sesrulebis dro

erTeulis Rirebuleba lari

sul Rirebuleba

lari

niadagis moxvna mzralad

XI-I 120 120

Tesvis wina kultivacia II-III 60 60

daTesva sasuqis SetaniT (kombinirebuli saTesiT)

IV-V 50 50

sasuqis yidva, datvirTva, gadmotvirTva, gadazidva

IV-V 900 500

kultivacia 3 - jer V-VII 50 150

wamloba sarevelebis winaaRmdeg

V-VII 250 250

morwyva 2-jer V-VII 50 100

mosavlis aReba-gadazidva

VII-VIII 500 400

Tesli 50 50

wylis xarji 1 ha-ze 80

gauTvaliswinebeli xarji +10%

176

სულ ხარჯი(ლარი) 1936

მოსავალი(ტონა) 2

1 tonis Rirebuleba 1500

მოსავლის ღირებულება 3000

მოგება მოსავლის ღირებულება (3000 lari) - სულ

ხარჯი (1936 lari) 1064

Semdgenlebi

nino kelenjeriZe andro xeTereli