Myths, Folktales, & Fables

What is a myth? � A traditional story that explains some

aspect of human life or the natural world.

� Myths, Folktales, and Fables are all considered oral literature, or stories that were passed down from one generation to the next.

Functions of Myths � To explain the creation of the world � To explain the human condition

� How/why people were created � Why they are flawed � Why there is suffering in the world � Why people die � What happens after death

� To explain natural phenomena

Functions of Myths

� To explain the nature of gods and goddesses

� To explain the meaning behind religious rituals, customs and beliefs.

� To explain historical events.

What is a Folktale? A story that has been passed down from one generation to the next by word of mouth including animal stories, trickster stories, fairy tales, fables, legends and tall tales.

Folktales � Folktales, unlike myths, are secular � Folktales were created for entertainment value

and the teaching of social or moral values. � Folktales feature magic, transformations and

enchantments. � Folktale heroes tend to be common people

without special powers. � Folktales are not associated with religious rituals.

What is an archetype?

An archetype is a symbol, character, image, plot pattern or story pattern that is found in the literature of many cultures.

Character Archetype

• The wise leader • The rebel • The side kick • The damsel in distress • The traitor

Image/Symbol Archetypes

• Objects or places that have a universal symbolism…

• Rose – symbolizes love • Light vs. darkness

• Light – hope, renewal • Darkness – the unknown, despair

Plot Pattern Archetypes • Stories that occur in many cultures

• Making the long journey home • Completing the “impossible” task • Outwitting the enemy

Theme Archetype • Ideas that occur whenever people tell stories

• Good can overcome evil • People can redeem themselves • An underworld exists

Famous Movie Archetypes

What is a trickster? A trickster is a character that represents that part of human nature that wants to break rules and cause trouble. Tricksters try to outwit people, animals, and even gods. They are most commonly depicted in animal form.