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2007 N’YEURT,WYNNE&PAYRI:TWONEWSPECIESOFMYRIOGRAMME 2�3
mYRIOGRammE mElaNESIENSIS aND m. hETEROSTROma (DElESSERIacEaE, RhODOphYTa), TWO NEW SpEcIES
FROm ThE SOlOmON ISlaNDS aND VaNUaTU
AntoineD.R.N’YeurtUniversitédelaPolynésiefrançaise
B.P.6570Faa’a,98702Tahiti,FrenchPolynesia
MichaelJ.WynneUniversityofMichiganHerbarium,3600VarsityDrive
AnnArbor,Michigan48�08-2287
ClaudeE.PayriUMR7�38Systématique,Adaptation,Evolution
IRD-Nouméa–BPA5,98848NouméaCedex,NewCaledonia
AbstrAct. TwonewspeciesoftheredalgalgenusMyriogramme,M. melanesiensisandM.hetero-stroma,aredescribedfromsubtidalhabitatsintheSolomonIslandsandVanuatu,SouthPacific.Myrio-gramme melanesiensisischaracterizedbyatristromaticthalluswithlayerscomposedofsubrectangularcellsofapproximatelyequalheight,smoothmarginslackinganyspinesorproliferations,andmultipleovoid toelongate two-layered, submarginal tetrasporangial sori.Myriogramme heterostroma isdistin-guishedbyitstri-topentastromaticthallus,withasinglelargelayerofclearmedullarycellsandsmallerpigmentedcorticalcells,andtetrasporangiaoccurringinsingle,large,mediansori.
PreviouspublishedrecordsofthemarinealgalfloraoftheSolomonandVanuatuIslandsarefewandscattered.FromtheSolomonIslands,themostcomprehensiveworktodateisthatofWomersleyandBailey(�970),listingsome233species.ToourknowledgetherearenopreviouslypublishedrecordsofthemarinealgaeofVanu-atu,althoughsomesevenspecieswereseenbythefirstauthorincollectionsoftheNaturalHistoryMuseum,London(BM);thisVanuatumaterialispoorlydocumentedandveryold.AfewanonymousandundatedcollectionsofHalimedafromVanuatuarerecordedinHillis-Colinvaux’smonograph(Hillis�959).
TheSolomonIslandsoccupyatotal landareaof27,556km2spreadover992islandsalignedovermorethan�,500kminthesouthwesternPacificOcean,encom-passingcoralreefsamongstthosewiththehighestglobalbiodiversity(Lovelletal.2004;Payrietal.2004).Vanuatu isanarchipelagoofsome93 islandswithatotallandareaofover�4765km²alignedover800km,located�00kmtothesoutheastoftheSolomonIslands.RecentcollectionsfromtheSolomonIslandsandEspirituSanto,thelargestislandofVanuatu,sampledbythethirdauthorfromJunetoJuly2004andAugust2006,respectively,haveyieldedmanynewrecordsfrompreviouslyunexploredhabitats(Payrietal.2004,unpubl.).
ThegenusMyriogrammewaserectedbyKylin(�924)andcurrentlycomprisessome28species.Inthispaperwereporttwonew,locallyabundant,subtidalbenthicmarinespeciesbasedoncollectionsfromtheSolomonIslandsandVanuatu.
2�3
Contr.Univ.MichiganHerb.25:2�3–224.2007.
2�4 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
MATERIALSANDMETHODS
Collection and analysis.MaterialwascollectedbySCUBA;partwasstoredin5%bufferedFormalininseawater,andtherestwasdriedasherbariumspecimens.Driedmaterialwasre-hydratedinweakdetergentsolutionpriortosectioningwithafreezingmicrotome.Sectionswerestainedusing�%anilinebluein60%clearcornsyrup,andmadepermanentifnecessarybyaddingmore60%clearcornsyrupandallowingtodry.
Photography.MacrophotographsweretakenwithaNikonE-995digitalcam-era(NikonCorporation,Tokyo,Japan).PhotomicrographswereobtainedusinganOlympusBH2compoundmicroscopefittedwithanOlympusC-5050digitalcamera(OlympusOpticalCo.Ltd.,Tokyo,Japan),andtheresultingfilesprocessedintofig-uresbycomputersoftware.
Herbarium specimens.VoucherspecimenshavebeendepositedintheherbariaofPC,NOU-IRD(PhycologicalHerbarium,InstitutdeRecherchepourleDével-oppement,Nouméa,NewCaledonia),andMICH.HerbariumabbreviationsareinaccordancewithHolmgrenetal.(�990).Accessionnumbersprecededbytheletter‘S’refertomicroscopeslidecollections.
RESULTS
cerAmiALes: deLesseriAceAe
myriogramme melanesiensis N’Yeurt,M.J.Wynne&Payri,sp.nov.—type: soLomoN isLANds.NggelaSule,MbuganaIsland,09°��.055'S,�60°��.982'E,–�0m,��Jul2004,C. E. Payri (holotype:PC0062772,tetrasporangial;isotype:NOU-IRDS483,tetrasporangial). Figs.�–8.
Thallus 5–�5 mm altus, roseus, irregulariter lobatus. Laminae 75–80 µm incrassitudine,tristromaticae,stratiscellularumcrassitudinecircaaequalibus.Cellulaerectangulares-subquadrataeinsectionetransversali,circa25×50µm.Margineslami-narumlaeves;partesdistalesclavatae-rotundatae,sinedentibus;partesproximalesligulatae vel irregulariter dichotomae. Rhizoidea marginalia 90–�00 µm diametroet �.0–�.2 mm longa, ex 6–7 filis multicelliaribus fasciculatis constantia, secusperipheriamthallidispersa.Chloroplastiperipheralesetnumerosi.Tetrasporangiadivisacrucialiter,60–90µmdiametro,insorisdispersisovalibusvelelongatistaeni-formibusque,monostromaticisveldistromaticis,0.5–�.0mmlatiset�.8–4.0mmlongis,inpartibusdistalibuslaminaedispositis.
Thallus5–�5mmhigh,pinkish red, irregularly lobed.Blades75–80µm thick,tristromatic,withcelllayersofapproximatelyequalthickness.Cellsrectangulartosubquadrateintransversesection,ca.25×50µm.Marginsofbladessmooth,distal
FIGS.�–8.Myriogramme melanesiensis (PC0062772exceptwhereotherwise stated).�.Habitofholotype;scale=�0mm.2.ProximalregionofolderbladefromVanuatu(C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD�396),showing‘nerve’region(n)[thecross-likerunneronthenerveisanepiphyticbryozoan];scale=200µm.3.Surfaceviewofcorticalcells;scale=50µm.4.Transversesectionofthethallus,showingthemedullarylayer(m)ofthesameheightascorticallayers(c);scale=25µm.5.Detailofmulticellularmarginalrhizoids(arrow);scale=�00µm.6.Detailoffertilesubmarginalregionofblade,showingelongate,ribbon-liketoovoidtetrasporangialsori(arrows);scale=700µm.7.Detailoftetrasporangia;scale=50µm.8.Crosssectionofatwo-layeredtetrasporangialsorus(t);scale=50µm.
2007 N’YEURT,WYNNE&PAYRI:TWONEWSPECIESOFMYRIOGRAMME 2�5
2�6 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
portions clavate–rounded, without dentations; proximal portions strap–shapedto irregularlydichotomous.Amedian‘nerve’ region400–600µmwidepresent inproximalareasof some larger,older thalli, consistingof largecells70–�00µm indiameter.Marginalrhizoids90–�00µmindiameter,�.0–�.2mmlong,composedof6–7bundledmulticellularfilaments,scatteredalongperipheryofthallus.Chloroplastsperipheralandnumerous.Tetrasporangiacruciatelydivided,60–90µmindiameter,inscatteredovaltoribbon-like,elongate�-to2-layeredsori0.5–�.0mmwide,�.8–4.0mmlong,indistalportionsofblade.
Distribution.SolomonIslandsandVanuatu;atdepthsof3–35moncoastalreefslopes,nestedamidstbranchedcorals.
pArAtype. Solomon Islands.Makaira,SanCristobalIsland,20Jul2004,–�2m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRDS482).
AdditioNAL specimeNs exAmiNed.Solomon Islands. HelePassage,VangunuIsland,04Jul2004,–3m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD478,477);KoloLagoon,NewGeorgiaIsland,8Jul2004,–20m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD474,475;SUVA-A);NuguMatthewsShoal,Guadalcanal,�0Jul2004,–35m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD48�);NggelaIsland,�2Jul2004,–0.8m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD476). Vanuatu.EspirituSanto,24Aug2006, C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD�396,tetrasporic).
ThespecificepithetreferstoMelanesia,theregionwherethisspecieshasbeencollected.
myriogramme heterostroma N’Yeurt,M.J.Wynne&Payri,sp.nov.—type: soLomoN isLANds.TanavulaPoint,NggelaSule,09°02.804'S,�60°03.7��'E,��Jul2004,–�0m,C. E. Payri(holotype:PC0062773,tetrasporangial). Figs9–�6.
Thallus 3–�2 mm altus, iridescens, roseus, irregulariter lobatus vel ligulatusanastomosibus frequentibus. Laminae 70–80 µm in crassitudine, ex 3–5 stratiscellularum inaequaliter altis constantes. Stratum medullosum singulare, excellulis magnis subquadratis hyalinis constans; cortex ex �–2 stratis cellularumpigmentiferarumgradatimminorum5–�8µmdiametroconstans.Cellulaeextimaeparvae, subsphaericae, 5–7 µm diametro, dense pigmentiferae. Cellulae corticalesinterioressparsae,7.5–�8.0µmdiametro,gangliiformes,numerosisconjunctionibussecundariis instructae. Margines laminarum laeves; partes distales lobatae, sinedentibus. Rhizoidea marginalia nulla; thallus affixus per haptera dispersa latamarginalia.Chloroplastiperipheralesetnumerosi.Tetrasporangiadivisacrucialiter,�8–20µmdiametro,insorismagnis,distromaticis,singularibus,medianis�500–�800µmdiametro,inpartibusdistalibuslaminaedispositis.
Thallus3–�2mmhigh,slightlyiridescentpinkishredincolor,irregularlylobedtostrap-shaped,withfrequentanastomoses.Blades70–80µmthick,composedof3–5celllayers,ofunequalheight.Medullarylayersingle,oflargesubquadratehyalinecells40–42µmindiameter;cortexcomposedof�–2layersofprogressivelysmallerpigmentedcells5–�8µmindiameter.Outermostcellssmall,subsphaerical,5–7µmindiameter,denselypigmented.Innercorticalcellssparse,7.5–�8.0µmindiameter,ganglionic, with multiple secondary pit connections. Margins of laminas smooth,distal portions lobed, without dentations. Marginal rhizoids absent; attachmentvia scattered broad marginal haptera. Chloroplasts peripheral and numerous.Tetrasporangiacruciatelydivided,�8–20µmindiameter,inlarge,single,median2-layeredsori�500–�800µmindiameter,indistalportionsofblade.
Distribution.Solomon Islands; atdepthsof6 to20monvertical reef slopes,nestedamidstbranchedcoral.
2007 N’YEURT,WYNNE&PAYRI:TWONEWSPECIESOFMYRIOGRAMME 2�7
FIGS.9–�6.Myriogramme heterostroma(PC0062773).9.Habitofholotype;scale=5mm.�0.Detailofthallus,showingdenselayerofsmalloutercorticalcellsandbladeanastomosis(arrow);scale=�mm.��.Surfaceviewofcorticalcells;scale=20µm.�2.Detailofamarginalattachmentpad;scale=20µm.�3,�4.Transversesectionsintwodifferentregionsofthethallus,showingalarge,clearsinglemedullarylayer(m)andamuchsmaller,pigmentedcorticallayers(c);scale=�0µm.�5.Detailofalargemediantetrasporangialsorus(s);scale=200µm.�6.Detailoftetrasporangia(arrow);scale=20µm.
2�8 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
pArAtype.Solomon Islands.AnutaPainaIsland,Malaita,�8Jul2004,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRDS484,tetrasporangial).
AdditioNAL specimeNs exAmiNed.Solomon Islands.RendovaIsland,NewGeorgia,–20m,5Jul2004, C. E. Payri(SUVA-A);Honiara,GuadalcanalIsland,9Jul2004,–20m,C. E. Payri(NOU-IRD480).
Thespecificepithetreferstothedifferentsizesofthecellsofthemedullarylayerandthecorticallayers.
DISCUSSION
Probably more than any other genus in the Delesseriaceae, Myriogrammehaslongservedasa“catch-all“genus,towhichmanydisparatespecieshavebeenassigned.AsWynne(�983)stated,theill-definedcircumscriptionofthisgenusresult-edfromKylin’s(�924)basingmuchofhisaccountofMyriogrammeonM.minutaKylin,aMediterraneanspecies,yetdesignatingM.livida(J.D.Hook.&Harv.)Kylin,aspeciesfromtheFalklandIslands,asthetypeofthegenus.Kylin(�924)assignedatotalof�8speciestohisnewgenus,andtheformsofthethalliexpressedinthesespecies show much variation, including very small to large, robust habit, veinlessbladestobladeswithpronouncednerves,andgreatvariabilityinthepositionoftet-rasporangialsori.Whereknown,thecystocarpsinspeciesofMyriogrammeweresaidtoproducecarposporangiainchains.Wynne(�983)notedthatcriticalexaminationofthetypespeciesisnecessaryforapropercircumscriptionofMyriogramme.SuchastudyofM.lividawasundertakenbyHommersandandFredericq(�997a),andfol-low-uppublications(Hommersand&Fredericq�997b;Linetal.200�)contributedto elucidating the characters of sometimes similar-appearing genera. In addition,overtheyearsanumberofspeciesformerlyassignedtoMyriogrammehavebeentransferred other genera, as the circumscription of Myriogramme became morepreciselydrawn.SuchattritionhasbeencarriedoutbyZinova(�98�),whobasedHaraldiophyllumonMyriogrammebonnemaisoniiKylinandHideophyllumonM.yezoensisYamada&Tokida(Yamada�935).MaggsandHommersand(�993)trans-ferredM.minutaandHaraldiophyllumheterocarpum[=Myriogrammeversicolor]toErnstandFeldmann’s(�957)genusDrachiella.Myriogrammeerosa(Harvey)KylinwastransferredtoHaraldiophyllumbyMillarandHuisman(�996).WhenLinetal.(2004)erectedAugophyllum,theyincludedinitMyriogrammemarginifructaR.E.Norris&M.J.Wynne(�987).Womersley(2003)basedhisnewgenusNitospinosaonMyriogrammepristoidea(Harv.)Kylin.Despitethisongoing“cleansing”ofthegenus,therestillremainanumberofpoorlyknownspeciesassignedtoMyriogramme.
Thetri-topentastromaticnatureofthebladesandtherarepresenceofabasalnerveinspecimensofM. melanesiensisandM.heterostromaareamongthefeaturesthatledustoconcludethatthesetworelativelycommonlyfoundalgaeintheSolo-monandVanuatuIslandsbelongtoundescribedspecies.WeareabletoexcludethegreatmajorityofspeciesofMyriogramme(andsomerelatedgenera)fairlyeasily,inparticular,thosespecieswithbladesbearingpronouncednervesthroughouttheirthalli.InM. melanesiensis,thepresenceofamedian“nerve”regionappearstobearelativelyrarefeaturestronglydependentonageandmaturityofthethallusandismorepronouncedinproximalareasofsomelargerplants.Themajorityofplantsinagivenpopulationdonotshowanyclearnervesorveins.WehavecomparedthetwonewspecieswithagroupofsomewhatsimilarspeciesinTable�,wherewelistimportantmorphologicaltraits.
2007 N’YEURT,WYNNE&PAYRI:TWONEWSPECIESOFMYRIOGRAMME 2�9
tA
bL
e�
.Com
pari
son
ofM
yrio
gram
me
mel
anes
iens
is,M
. het
eros
trom
a,a
ndr
elat
eds
peci
es.
spe
cie
s A
Nd
re
fe
re
Nc
et
yp
e L
oc
AL
ity
hA
bit
ce
LL L
Ay
er
sm
Ar
GiN
sIr
ide
sce
Nc
et
et
rA
spo
rA
NG
iAL s
or
i
M. m
elan
esie
nsis
(th
iss
tudy
)M
buga
naI
slan
d,
Solo
mon
Isl
ands
sim
ple
toir
regu
larl
ylo
bed
blad
es,t
o�5
mm
tall
3,o
fequ
al
heig
htsm
ooth
abse
ntsu
bmar
gina
l,m
ulti
ple,
el
onga
teto
ovo
id
M. h
eter
ostr
oma
(thi
sst
udy)
Ngg
ela
Sule
,Sol
omon
Is
land
ssi
mpl
eto
irre
gula
rly
lobe
dbl
ades
,to
�2m
mta
ll3–
5,o
fune
qual
he
ight
smoo
thsl
ight
med
ian,
sin
gle,
ovo
id,
larg
e
M. a
lliac
ea (
P.C
roua
n&
H.
Cro
uan)
Ath
anas
iadi
s,�9
96R
ade
deB
rest
,B
ritt
any,
Fra
nce
lobe
d,d
ivid
edb
lade
, 30
–60
mm
tall
3sm
ooth
abse
ntap
pare
ntly
2–l
ayer
ed
(Mag
ne�
959)
M. c
artil
agin
ea(
Har
vey)
Wom
-er
sley
,200
3G
arde
nIs
land
, W
este
rnA
ustr
alia
irre
gula
rly
alte
rnat
ely
bran
ched
com
plan
ate
thal
lus,
to8
0m
mta
ll
2–4,
us
ually
3cr
ispa
teo
rw
ith
shor
tden
tati
ons
abse
ntsc
atte
red
M. d
istr
omat
ica
Bou
dour
esqu
e,
�97�
Port
Mah
on,M
inor
ca,
Bal
eari
cIs
land
lobe
d,ir
regu
larl
ydi
vide
dbl
ade
�0–�
5m
min
dia
met
er2
smoo
thab
sent
unkn
own
M. g
oaen
sisV
.Kri
shna
mur
thy
&K
.Var
adar
ajan
,�99
0C
alan
gute
,Goa
, In
dia
linea
r,de
eply
div
ided
bla
des,
20–3
0m
mta
ll3
occa
sion
alte
eth,
nu
mer
ous
mar
gina
lrh
izoi
ds
abse
ntsc
atte
red
smal
lsor
iin
med
ian
regi
on
M. p
rost
rata
E.Y
.Daw
son,
N
eush
ul&
Wild
man
)M
.J.
Wyn
ne,�
990
Isla
sSa
nB
enit
os,
Baj
aC
alif
orni
a,
Mex
ico
lobe
dbl
ades
to3
5m
mw
ide,
25
mm
long
�w
ith
smal
lde
ntat
ions
pres
ent
inla
rge
scat
tere
dso
ri
near
bla
dem
argi
ns
M. q
uilo
nens
is A
nilK
umar
&
Pan
ikka
r,�9
93T
hiru
mul
lava
ram
,K
eral
a,I
ndia
smal
llob
edth
allu
sto
�5
mm
tall
2w
ith
smal
lde
ntat
ions
abse
ntin
larg
eso
ri
M. r
epen
sH
olle
nber
g,�
945
Poin
tVic
ente
,C
alif
orni
a,U
SAsi
mpl
ebl
ade
to8
mm
tall
�,3
infe
rtile
re
gion
ssm
ooth
abse
ntin
sm
alls
catt
ered
sor
i
M.v
arie
gata
Yam
ada,
�94
4Sa
gam
iBay
,Jap
anth
inb
lade
to�
5m
mta
ll,
3–4
mm
wid
e�
smoo
tho
rm
inut
ely
dent
ate
abse
ntin
sm
alls
catt
ered
sor
i
Nito
phyl
lum
tris
trom
atic
um
Rod
rigu
eze
xM
azza
,�90
3Po
rtM
ahon
,Min
orca
,B
alea
ric
Isla
nds
lobe
dbl
ade
to5
mm
wid
e3,
one
larg
ece
ntra
land
two
smal
lcor
tica
l
smoo
thab
sent
unkn
own
Dra
chie
lla m
inut
a(K
ylin
)M
aggs
&H
omm
ersa
nd,�
993
Nap
les,
Ital
ylo
bed,
irre
gula
rly
divi
ded
thal
lus
25–3
0(–
50)
mm
tall
�–3
smoo
thpr
esen
tun
know
n
� Thi
ssp
ecie
sha
ssc
atte
red
tran
sver
sely
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idin
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itia
lsa
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and
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lyb
elon
gsto
Pol
yneu
ra,n
otM
yrio
gram
me.
220 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
Myriogrammealliacea(P.Crouan&H.Crouan)Athanasiadis,aspeciesoccur-ring on the coast of Brittany, France (Crouan & Crouan �85�), has a distinctiverose-winecolorinwell-preservedsamples.Thebladeshavesmoothmarginsandaretristromaticforalmostalloftheirlength.Thecellsincrosssectionareofuniformsize.Tetrasporangiaarearrangedinsmallsorioverthecentralpartofthethallus(Magne�959);however,thalliaretaller(3–6cm)thanthoseinthenewspecies,andtheyreleaseoftheodorofonionswhenthalliareimmersedinfreshwaterandthenemersed,adistinctivefeatureofM.alliacea(Crouan&Crouan�85�).
AnotherspeciesofMyriogrammewithatristromaticorganizationisM.goaensisV.Krishnamurthy&Varadarajan(inKrishnamurthy�992),described fromIndia.Onlytetrasporangiatethalliweredescribed,andthetetrasporangiaweresaidtobeinscattered,smallsori(Krishnamurthy&Varadarajan�990),buttheirFig.�3depictsabladewithonlyasinglelargesorus.Also,althoughthethalliweresaidtobe“stipitate,deeplydividedintosmall,sinuate,lineartolanceolateblades,”thebladesinFig.�3appeartobesimple.ThepresenceofmarginalteethlikeprojectionswithtransverselydividingapicalcellswouldseparatethisIndianspeciesfrombothnewspeciesfromtheSolomonIslandsandVanuatu.
AnotherspeciesfromIndiaisMyriogrammequiloneensisAnilKumar&Pan-ikkar(�993).Thalliareessentiallydistromatic throughout,and theblademarginsbearshortspine-likeprojectionsaswellastuftsofrhizoidalinitialsforattachmentpurposes,whichdistinguisheditfromthenewspecies.
Myriogrammerepens,knownfromthePacificcoastofNorthAmerica(Hollen-berg�945)hasarhizomebearingsimplebladeslessthan�0mminheightandwithverysmall,scatteredsorioftetrasporangia.Thesefeaturesaswellasthemonostro-maticnatureofthebladesdistinguishitfromthenewspecies.
Myriogramme prostrata was originally described as Haraldia prostrata fromPacificMexico(Dawsonetal.�960),butwaslaterreportedfromthetropical-sub-tropicalwesternAtlantic(Wynne�990;Littler&Littler2000;Ballantineetal.2004),theSouthPacific(Skelton&South2002;South&Skelton2003).LittlerandLittler(2000)describedthebladesasexhibitinga“blue-greensheen,”thussomewhatiri-descent likeM. heterostroma.Myriogrammeprostratawasalsoreported,butwithaquery,fromKwazulu-Natal,SouthAfrica(DeClercketal.2005),butthatplant,withamottled,stronglyiridescentaspectandwithnumerousmarginalteeth,seemsunlikegenuineM.prostrata,whichisbasicallyaprostratealgawithfrequentmarginalrhizoidsforattachment.Amonostromatic,marginallydentatebladearisingfromaprostrateaxis,withmarginalrhizoids,andbearinglargescatteredtetrasporangialsoriwasreportedandillustratedfromFijiintheSouthPacific,atfirstasMyriogrammesp.(Southetal.�993)and laterasM.prostrata (South&Skelton2003),andalsofromSamoa(Skelton&South2002).Theoccasionalsmallmarginaldentations,themonostromaticnatureoftheblades,aswellasthepresenceofscatteredlargetet-rasporangialsoriconfinedtomarginalregionsalldistinguishM.prostratafromthenewspecies.
Myriogrammecartilaginea(Harvey)Womersleyisalittle-knownspeciesoccur-ringinWesternAustralia(Harvey�855),butcystocarpicplantshavenotyetbeenobserved and the assignment to Myriogramme uncertain (Womersley 2003). Itsthalliare4–8cmtallandwithabundantirregularlyalternatebranching,oftenwithcrispate margins and a cartilaginous texture.The blades become tristromatic andlaterbecomepolystromaticinthecentralregions.Thesefeatureseasilyseparateitfromthenewspecies.
2007 N’YEURT,WYNNE&PAYRI:TWONEWSPECIESOFMYRIOGRAMME 22�
Myriogramme variegata Yamada, with a type locality of Sagami Bay, Japan(Yamada�944),hasalsobeenreportedfromCalifornia(Abbott&Hollenberg�976).Itconsistsofadiscoidbasegivingrisetostipitatesimple,orrarelydivided,smallbladesreachingonly�.5cminheight.Thebladesaremonostromaticandweresaidtohavemarginsbothentireandminutelydentate.Tetrasporangialsoriaresmallandproducedontheleafypartsoftheblade(Yamada�944).ThemonostromaticnatureofthebladeandtheminutemarginalteethdistinguishM.variegatafromthenewspecies.
MyriogrammedistromaticaBoudouresquewasbasedonmaterialintheThuret-BornetHerbariuminParisbearingthemanuscriptname“Nitophyllumdistromati-cumRodriguez.”ThetypewasaRodriguezcollectionofMay,�897,fromasubmarinecaveatadepthof90moffPortMahon,Minorca,BalearicIslands,inthewesternMediterranean.ThisspecieshasalsobeenreportedfromdeepwatersoffthecoastofNorthCarolinaandSouthCarolina(Schneider&Searles�99�).Thesmall(to�5mmacross)prostratebladesareconsistentlydistromatic,withtheventrallayerofcellslargerthanthoseofthesurfacelayer.Multicellularrhizoidsarefrequentontheundersurfaceandattachthebladetothesubstratum.Reproductionisnotknowninthisspecies.ThesingleparietalfenestratechloroplastpercellclearlyindicatesthatthisspeciesdoesnotbelongtoMyriogramme(Hommersand&Fredericq�997a).
NitophyllumtristromaticumRodriguezexMazza(Mazza�903)bearsdiscussioninthatBoudouresqueetal.(�984)intendedtotransferittoMyriogramme,buttheircombination was not validly published (Greuter et al. 2000).This Mediterraneanspecies,describedfromMinorca,BalearicIslands(Mazza�903),hasatristromaticorganization,andthereisacentrallayerofrelativelylargecellsandcorticallayersofsmallercells,asoccursinM. heterostroma.AccordingtoGómezGarretaetal.(200�),thecellsbearasingleparietal,platelikechloroplastpercell,afeaturethatprecludesplacingthisspecieswithineitherNitophyllumorMyriogramme.
Schizoserisbombayensis(Børgesen)WomersleyisanothersmallDelesseriaceanspecies with a wide range in tropical and warm temperate waters of the PacificOcean,includingtheSouthPacific(Millar&Kraft�993;Abbott�999;Littler&Lit-tler2003;Lobban&N’Yeurt2006).Thebladesinthisspeciesareusually�–2(–5)cmhigh, irregularly todichotomouslybranched,withmedianmacroscopicnervesusuallycoursingfromthebasetodistalregionsofthethallus(Abbott�999;Womer-sley2003).Thebladesaremonostromaticinmostregionsofthethallusbetweenthenerves(Børgesen�93�;Segawa�94�,asMyriogrammesubdichotoma;Dawson�950,asS.pygmaea)butmaybecomedistromaticinolderregions(Børgesen�93�).Thechloroplastshavebeenshowntobedissectedandribbon-like(Lobban&N’Yeurt2006),andthespecieshasneverbeenreportedasiridescent.Thesedifferencesdis-tinguishthisspeciesfromthenewspeciesofMyriogramme.
AnotherDelesseriaceanalgawithsuperficialresemblancetoMyriogrammemela-nesiensisandM. heterostroma isDrachiellaminuta (Kylin)Maggs&Hommersand.BasedonacollectionfromthevicinityofNaples,Italy(Kylin�924),thisspecieswasdescribedasnon-stipitatesmallblades,�–2cmtall,irregularlysinuateorlobed,distallymonostromatic,buttristromaticbelow,andlackingveins.Tetrasporangialsoriaresmallandscatteredinthedistalportionsoftheblades,andthetetrasporangiaareproducedintwolayers.Magne(�956,�957)provideddetailedobservationsonthedistinctivecellularorganizationofthisspeciesanditsdistinctiveprocessofmanychloroplastsundergoingafusionprocesstoformasinglelobedchloroplast.MaggsandHommer-sand(�993)describedspecimenstobeofrareoccurrenceinsouthwesternEngland
222 CONTR.UNIVERSITYOFMICHIGANHERBARIUM VOLUME25
andtheChannelIslands,wheretheyformthalli5cmhighand5cmwide.Thethallibecomedecumbentandattimesshowastrongblueiridescence.Thebladeincrosssectionshowsthecelllayerstobeofuniformsize.Tetrasporangiaareproducedinsoridirectlyontheprimarybladeinthisspecies,quiteunliketheproductionofsmallspecializedtetrasporophyllsinDrachiellaspectabilisErnst&Feldmann(�957),thetypeofthegenusDrachiella.ThisledWynne(�994)toexpressdoubtoftheplace-mentofM.minutainDrachiella.Itseemsthattheprimaryjustificationforthepro-posedtransferbyMaggsandHommersand(�993)isthepresence,asinD.spectabilis,ofonelargeribbon-liketoconvolutedchloroplastpercellratherthanmanysmalldiscoidchloroplastspercell.ThiscautionledGómezGarretaetal.(200�)toretainM.minutainMyriogramme.Thisspeciesisdiffersfrombothnewspeciesinitsdif-ferentcellularorganization.
Myriogramme melanesiensis and M. heterostroma increase our knowledge ofalgaldiversityinthisregionoftheworld,andenrichtheDelesseriaceaefromtheSolomonIslands,forwhichWomersleyandBailey(�970)hadnotreportedthegenusMyriogrammeamongthesixtaxalistedforthisfamily.
Key to the species of myrioGrAmme from the soLomoN isLANds ANd vANuAtu
�. Medullarylayerofapproximatelysamedimensionsascorticallayers;attachmentviamarginalrhizoids;tetrasporangiainmultipleirregularmarginalsori. M. melanesiensis
�. Medullarylayermuchlargerthancorticallayers;attachmentviamarginalhaptera;tetrasporangiainlarge,singlemediansori. M. heterostroma
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ADRNandCEP thank theCoralReef Initiative for theSouthPacific (CRISP)programme forfinancialsupporttowardsthisstudy,andCEPisgratefultothecrewoftheIRDoceanographicvessel‘ALIS’andthediversfromIRD.WethankMr.GregoryLasneforthephotographsofherbariumsheets,andCraigW.Schneiderforhishelpfulreviewofthemanuscript.
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