Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY

(7th Ed)

Read Chapter 11 Orange Myers book

Intelligence

Note-taking- Little Man Tate

What is Intelligence?

Intelligenceability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations


General Intelligence (g) factor that Charles Spearman and

others believed underlies specific mental abilities

measured by every task on an intelligence test

Are There OTHER Intelligences?

Emotional Intelligence ability to perceive, express,

understand, and regulate emotions people with high emotional

intelligence are more in touch with their feelings

they can face setbacks without losing their motivation or optimism

Daniel Goleman

Yellow Book p. 458

Are There OTHER Intelligences?

Social Intelligence the know-how involved in

comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully

Daniel Goleman

Origins of Intelligence Testing

Stanford-Binet the widely used American

revision of Binet’s original intelligence test revised by Lewis Terman at

Stanford University


Intelligence Test a method of

assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them to those of others, using numerical scores

Alfred Binet

Theodore Simon


Intelligence Quotient (IQ) defined originally the ratio of

mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100

IQ = ma/ca x 100) on contemporary tests, the

average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

German psychologist William Stern developed this formula:


Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Example-

IQ = ma/ca x 100)

IQ = 10/8= 1.25 x 100= 125 IQ

IQ = 10/12= .8333 x 100= 83 IQ

Assessing Intelligence

Normal Curve the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that

describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

The Normal Curve

Sociology, Eleventh Edition

osteogenesis

imperfecta

brittle bones disease

Stronger bones

Normal body durability

Social Relations- Attractiveness

Sociology, Eleventh Edition

Low facial symmetry

Very beautiful/facial symmetry

Average Normal appearance

The Normal Curve

Superior 120

ONLY 2% of people are Very Superior 130 and above


Classification IQ Range

Profound mental retardation (MR) below 20 or 25

Severe MR 20-25 to 35-40

Moderate MR 35-40 to 50-55

Mild MR 50-55 to about 70

Borderline 70-79

Dull normal 80 to 90

Normal 90 to 110

Bright normal 110 to 120

Superior 120 to 130

Very superior 130 and above


Classification IQ Range

Profound mental retardation (MR) below 20 or 25

Severe MR 20-25 to 35-40

Moderate MR 35-40 to 50-55

Mild MR 50-55 to about 70

Borderline 70-79

Dull normal 80 to 90

Normal 90 to 110

Bright normal 110 to 120

Superior 120 to 130

Very superior130 and

above


Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence test subtests

verbal performance (nonverbal)


Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) most widely used intelligence test subtests

verbal performance (nonverbal)

Assessing Intelligence: Sample Items from the WAIS

From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977

VERBAL

General Information Similarities Arithmetic ReasoningVocabularyComprehensionDigit Span

PERFORMANCE

Picture Completion Picture ArrangementBlock DesignObject AssemblyDigit-Symbol Substitution

Group Differences

The Mental Rotation Test

Which two of the other circles contain a configuration of blocksidentical to the one in the circle at the left?

Standard Responses


Standardization defining meaningful scores by

comparison with the performance of a pretested “standardization group”

Like your AP exams


Factor Analysis statistical procedure that identifies

clusters of related items (called factors) on a test

used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score


Reliability the extent to which a test yields

consistent results assessed by consistency of scores on:

two halves of the test alternate forms of the test retesting

Validity the extent to which a test measures or

predicts what it is supposed to


Predictive Validity success with which a test predicts

the behavior it is designed to predict


Content Validity the extent to which a test samples

the behavior that is of interest driving test that samples driving tasks

Criterion behavior (such as college grades)

that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict

the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

Genetic Influences

Heritability the proportion of variation among

individuals that we can attribute to genes

variability depends on range of populations and environments studied

Genetic Influences

The most genetically similar people have the most similar scores

Genetic Influences

Are There Multiple Intelligences?

Savant Syndrome (a.k.a.- autistic savant)

condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill computation drawing

The Dynamics of Intelligence

Mental Impairment (formerly retardation) a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score below 70 produces difficulty in adapting to the

demands of life varies from mild to profound

Down Syndrome Mental impairment and associated physical

disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

The Dynamics of Intelligence

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: p. 456 Yellow Book

Are there multiple forms of intelligence?

SSPVB1- The student will analyze concepts related to the measurement and nature of intelligence.

Multiple Intelligences

Gardner rejects the idea that there is a single thing called “intelligence”

Howard Gardner, psychologist


Gardner argues that there are at least eight independent kinds of intelligence that vary from person to person



Gardner states that a person could be high in some types of intelligences but low in others



For example, you might have a high form of linguistic (verbal) intelligence but a lower level of intelligence in math


Are There Multiple Intelligences? Howard Gardner

Verbal Linguistic Logical/mathematical Bodily/kinesthetic Visual/spatial Musical/rhythmic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Spiritual/ Metaphysical Moral

Multiple Intelligences “reading, writing, arithmetic”

schools tend to emphasize these skills which Gardner has labeled: verbal linguistic- “reading, writing,…” logical-mathematical- “ arithmetic”

Gardner identifies these skills as two different intelligences

this explains why some students are good in English classes but not math classes or vice versa

Three-type Theory of Intelligence p. 457 Yellow Book

Three ways of organizing intelligence: analytic practical creative

Robert Sternberg, psychologist

Three-type Theory of Intelligence

Analytical intelligence the ability to analyze, compare,

and evaluate stressed in schools a traditional view of intelligence matches most people’s views of

intelligence


Creative intelligence the ability to create, invent, and

design new ideas expertise adapt to new situations imaginative thinking skills venturesome personality intrinsic motivation A creative environment


Practical intelligence a sort of “common sense” that

helps you complete the various tasks you encounter apply things use things do things

Three-Ring Model of Giftedness

Renzulli believes that there are three important elements that when combined demonstrate giftedness:

above average ability

creativity task commitment

Joseph S. Renuzulli, Ed.D. , Educational Psychology

Information taken from www.gigers.com/matthias/gifted/three_rings.html

Picture taken from http://www.hachettebookgroup.com/authors_Joseph-S-Renzulli-(1503244).htm

Three-Ring Model of Giftedness- Joseph S. Renuzulli, Ed.D. , Educational Psychology

Chart from www.gigers.com/matthias/gifted/three_rings.html


Above average abilityThis includes a difference between General abilities - like processing information, integrating

experiences, and abstract thinking Specific abilities -like the capacity to acquire knowledge

and perform in an activity.

(adapted from Renzulli & Reis, 1997: 9)


CreativityCreativity includes 1) fluency, flexibility, and originality of thought 2) being open to new experiences and idea3) being curious 4) being willing to take risks 5) being sensitive to aesthetic characteristics

(adapted from Renzulli & Reis, 1997: 9)


Task Commitment Perseverance Endurance Hard work Dedicated practice Self-confidence Belief in one's ability to carry out

important work

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:

What exactly is intelligence?

Where does intelligence come from?



What exactly is intelligence?

Where does intelligence come from?

Can we use relatively simple tests to reliably and validly measure intelligence?



Can we use relatively simple tests to reliably and validly measure intelligence?


Documents

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)