MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL HEALTH

7/22/2019 MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL HEALTH

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ARFIJM ^C_GFP (EW@C^C_GFP)JFN

HJ@^BXGJM ^C_GFP


2/103

EW@C^C_GFP


3/103

EW@C^C_GFP

Pb`cfnjry ebtjhcmgtbs ca tcxgibfg` aufig cf jfgejm

abbn jfn accn gfirbngbfts wog`o `jusb jnvbrsb

hgcmcig`jm baab`ts wobf `cfsuebn gf suaag`gbft

qujftgtgbs. ^cxgibfg` aufig prcnu`b tobgr tcxgfs wobf

tbepbrjturb, ecgsturb jfn jbrjtgcf jrb ajvcurjhmb.

Egfgeue :2% ecgsturb (:


4/103

@ojrj`tbrgstg`s ca Ey`ctcxgfs

Fct trjfsegssghmb arce cfb jfgejm tc ctobr, sc jrbfct gfab`tgcus.

Cuthrbjds jrb usujmmy sbjscfjm.

Jnvbrsb baab`ts cf objmto & prcnu`tgcf gf jmm spb`gbs ca

jfgejms jfn hgrns.

Ircwgfi, prbifjft jfn mj`tjtgfi cfbs jrb wcrst jaab`tbn

Ojvb spb`gag` jssc`gjtgcf wgto j pjrtg`umjr abbn.

^rbjtebft wgto jftghgctg`s ojs mgttmb baab`t cf tob

ey`ctcxgfs jfn tob `cursb ca ngsbjsb.

Geeufcsuprbssgvb.

Ecumn gfabstbn abbn, pccr futrgtgcf, gfjnbqujtb ngbt jrb

prbngspcsgfi aj`tcrs.

Ptrbss, gfsb`t njejib jfn pmjft ngsbjsb bfojf`b tcxgf

prcnu`tgcf.


5/103

EW@C^C_GF ^W\BP/ @MJPPGAG@J^GCF

OB\J^C^C_GFP

Jamjtcxgfs -Jspbrigmmus amjvus, J. pjrjsgtgùs.

Ppcrgnbsegf- \gtocey`bs ojrtjfue

Xuhrjtcxgfs - \bfg`gmmgue ruhrue, \.purpurcibfue.

Ctobr- stbrgiejtc`ystgf, mutbcsdyrgf, y`mcòmcrctgfbFB\OXC^C_GFP

Còrjtcxgfs- Jspbrigmmus còrj`bus,

\bf`gmmgue vgrgng`jtue

@gtrgfgf- \bf`gmmgue `gtrgfue, J.còrj`bus

CBP^XCIBFG@ EW@C^C_GFP

[brjmbfcfb(A8 tcxgf) Ausjrgue rcsbue

@W^C^C_G@ EW@C^C_GFP

^rgòctob`bfbs(^-8 tcxgfs)- Ausjrgue sp. A.irjejbfjrbue jfn

A. rcsbue.FBRXC^C_G@ EW@C^C_GFP

^rbecribfs- \jtumgf jfn \bfgtrbe J- \bfg`gmmgue Jspbrigmmus jfn @mjvg`bps

EGP@BMMJFBCRP

Brictcxgfs@mjvg`bps purpurbj jfn @. pjspjmg.

Absùb tcxgf- Fbctypocgngue cbfcpogjmue

Pmjarjegfb- Xogzc`tcfgj mbiuegfg`cmj


6/103

@ceecfmy bf`cuftbrbn ey`ctcxgfs gf vjrgcus

`cftjegfjtbn accn jfn abbns jrb

Jamjtcxgfs- gf wjre, ouegn rbigcfs

C`ojrctcxgf-J

[bjrjmbfcfb gf `cmn, tbepbrjtb rbigcfs

^rg`octob`bfbs

@gtrgfgf


7/103

@OJXJ@^BXBP^G@P CA EW@C^C_GFP

.

Jamjtcxgfs jaab`t jmm ncebstg` jfgejms.

[bjrjmbfcfb jfn vcegtcxgf ejgfmy jaab`t swgfbjfn njgry

jfgejms.

Auecsgfs ejgfmy jaab`t swgfbs jfn bqugfbs.

-8 tcxgf, c`ojrctcxgf, ngj`btcxys`grpbfcm (NJP) jaab`tejgfmy swgfbjfnpcumtry.


8/103

AM ^C_G@CPGP


9/103

JAMJ^C_GFP Jamjtcxgfs jrb tob tcxg` ebtjhcmgtbs ca tcxgibfg` aufigJspbrigmmus amjvus

jfnJ. pjrjsgtg`us.

Agrst ngs`cvbrbn gf Bfimjfn gf:71 -82`)


10/103


11/103

@OBEGP^XW

Pbvbrjm jamjtcxgf arj`tgcfs ojvb hbbf gscmjtbn jfn ngaabrbftgjtbnarce cfb jfctobr hy

^obgr amucrbs`bf`b ufnbr umtrjvgcmbt 4 XA vjmubs cf togf mjybr`orcejtcirjpoy jfn Ptru`turjm gnbftgag`jtgcf jfn syftobsgs

^ctjm :? `cepcufns gf tob jamjtcxgf ajegmy

Acur gepcrtjft cfbs

H: & H8 (amucrbs`b hmub ufnbr mcfi wjvb RQ mgiot)

I: & I8 (amucrbs`b irbbf ufnbr mcfi wjvb RQ mgiot)

Jamjtcxgfs wgto hmub amucrbs`bf`b ufnbr umtrjvgcmbt mgiot jrb H:(ecst tcxg`) jfn H8.

Ngoynrcnbrgvjtgvbs ca H: jfn H8jfn amucrbs`b irbbf jrb nbsgifjtbnjs I:jfn I8.

Oynrcxymjtbn ebtjhcmgtbs ca H:jfn H

8jamjtcxgfs jrb bx`rbtbn gf egmd

jfn jrb tbrebn js E:jfn E8.


12/103

MBÔJM NCPB 2-2 tgebs ecrb pctbft

`cepjrbn tc ngoynrc nbrgvjtgvbs.

ôb stru`turb ca H tcxgf rbsbehmbs `mcsbmy wgto tob

stru`turb ca pyrrczcmgncfb wogò ojs ict hjsg`

`jr`gfcibfg` j`tgvgty.

Jamjtcxgfs jrb pctbft eutjibfs, `jr`gfcibfs, tbrjtcibfs

jfn mgvbr njejigfi jibfts.


15/103

Aj`tcrs jaab`tgfi tcxg`gty ca jamjtcxgfs; Ppb`gbs vjrgjtgcfs-Nu`ds, rjhhgts, ncis, pgis, `jmvbs, `og`dbf,

`cws, qujgm jfn sobbp jrb sus`bptghmb gf tob crnbr ca prbabrbf`b.

Hrcgmbrs jrb ecrb sus`bptghmb tojf mjybrs.

@jmvbs jrb ecrb sus`bptghmb tojf jnumt njgry `jttmb.

Ejxgeue jmmcwjhmb `cf`. gf njgry `jttmb gs 8< pph (


16/103

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P

Ejkcrgty ca tob jamjtcxgfs gfibstbn gf abbn jrb poysg`jmmy

hcufn tc ruegfjm `cftbfts jfn js mgttmb js 8-2% rbj`o tob

gftbstgfbs.

Jamjtcxgf H: gf bx`bss ca :


17/103

JAH: gs prgejrgmy ebtjhcmgzbn hy j eg`rcscejm `ytcòrceb \->2 ei/di ca jamjtcxgf `jusbs nbjto ca sobbp,

`jmvbs jfn pgis wgto gf :2 -:? ocurs nub tc jùtb obpjtg`

gfsuaag`gbf`y

Ygto 8 ei/di, tobrb gs jfcrbxgj, gf`rbjsbn rbspgrjtgcf rjtb,

gf`rbjsb gf hcny tbepbrjturb jfn ngjrrocbj wgto hmccn jfn

euùs.

ôb `mgfg`jm sgifs gf ncis jppbjr gf 8-:> njys (jvbrjib 2 njys)

jfn jrb òjrj`tbrgzbn hy jfcrbxgj, g`tbrus, hgmb stjgfbn urgfb,

prcstrjtgcf, c``jsgcfjmmy hmccn gf ajb`bs, vcegtgcf

(scebtgebs hmccny), bpgstjxgs jfn rjrbmy `cfvumsgcfs.


25/103

MN2


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27/103

@orcfg` tcxg`gty `cftn

\gis jmsc bxoghgt sgegmjr sgifs4 tobrb jrb gftbregttbft ojbecrrojibs

jfn ngjrrocbj. bxoghgt sbgzurbs hbacrb nbjto.

Ocrsbs -typg`jm sgifs ca obpjtg` tcxg`gty jfn ijstrcgftbstgfjm upsbt

Pobbp, ocwbvbr, jrb rbarj`tcry tc tobsb baab`ts js tob bwbs abn cf

ogiomy tcxg` ircufnfut ebjm acr 2 ybjrs ajgmbn tc bxoghgt jfy `mgfg`jm

sgifs ca jamjtcxg`csgs bx`bpt acr rbnu`bn abrtgmgty.

Gf pcumtry, jamjtcxgfs gftbrabrb wgto jhscrptgcf ca mgpgns jfn

trjfspcrtjtgcf ca ycmd. Bii prcnu`tgcf jfn bii sgzb jrb rbnu`bn.

Gf`rbjsbs sus`bptghgmgty ca turdbys tc `c``gngcsgs, pjstburbmmcsgs

jfn sjmecfbmmcsgs jfn ca `og`dbf tc `c``gngcsgs jfn Ejrbd's

ngsbjsb.


28/103

\cst ecrtbe mbsgcfs;

(g) Mgvbr gs pjmb, agre jfn aghrcsbn.

(gg) Eg`rcs`cpg`jmmy, `bftrgmchumjr fb`rcsgs, hgmb nu`t prcmgabrjtgcf jfn vbfc c``musgcf

jrb tob ejgf `ojfibs. Obpjtc`ytbs jrb swcmmbf, tobrb jrb eumtgpmb ac`g ca

fb`rcsgs jfn aghrcsgs jfn obpjtg` `jr`gfcej.

(ggg) Dgnfbys jrb ybmmcw jfn surrcufnbn hy wbt ajt gf ycufi `jmvbs.

(gv) Pbrcus bxunjtb gf tob hcny `jvgtgbs.

(v) Cbnbej jfn js`gtbs ca ebsbftbry.

vg) @jtjrrojm bftbrgtgs.

(vgg) Bvbrsgcf ca rb`tue.

(vggg) Ojbecrrojibs gf tocrj`g` jfn pbrgtcfbjm `jvgtgbs. Mgvbr gs ybmmcw jfn ecttmbn gf

ncis, ocwbvbr, gt gs caa wogtb tc hrgiot crjfib jmcfiwgto prcmgabrjtgcf ca hgmb nu`t,

suh`utjfbcus ojbecrrojibs, js`gtbs jfn cbnbej ca ebsbftbry gf pgis.

(gx) Ngjrrocbj jfn nysbftbry.


29/103

NGJIFCPGP


30/103

NGJIFCPGP

Ogstcry jfn `mgfg`jm sgifs

Fb`rcpsy agfngfis

Mjhcrjtcry gfvbstgijtgcf ca abbn jfn ctobr

sjepmbs- hmccn, egmd, urgfb bt`-^M@,O\M@,XGJ,BMGPJ

NGAABXBF^GJM NGJIFCPGP wjrajrgf pcgscfgfi (`cjiumjtgcf nbab`ts)

@cjm tjr pcgscfgfi (ecttmgfi ca mgvbr)

`cppbr pcgscfgfi (obecmysgs)

gfab`tgcus obpjtgtgs , ctobr obpjtctcxg`gty nub tc

@@g>, pyrrcmgzgncfb jmdjmcgns

Ctobr ecumns tcxgfs

M h g g g


31/103

Mjhcrjtcry gfvbstgijtgcfs

Hmccn bxjegfjtgcf ca jamjtcxg`csgs jaab`tbn jfgejms

wcumn rbvbjm bmbvjtgcfgf hmccn sbrue mbvbms ca JP^, Jmdjmgfb pocspojtjsb

Gsc`gtrjtb nboynrcibfjsb, Mj`tjtb nboynrcibfjsb

Ijeej-imutjeym trjfspbptgnjsb , Imutjejtb nboynrcibfjsb

Hgmgruhgf. Hmccn `mcttgfi nbab`ts jfn bxtbfsgvb ojbecrrojibs jrb

chsbrvbn gf jmecst jmm spb`gbs ca jfgejms nub tc gepjgrebft cahmccn `mcttgfi aj`tcrs - GG, QGG, G_ jfn _.

Ojbecmytg` syfnrceb gs vbry `ceecf gf pcumtry.

Nb`rbjsb gf sbrue tctjm prctbgfs jfn bmbvjtgcf gf hmccn urbjfgtrcibf jrb jmsc chsbrvbn.

Hcto tob `bmm ebngjtbn jfn ouecrjm geeufb rbspcfsb jrbsupprbssbn.

\rbvbftgcf jfn trbjtebft;


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\rbvbftgcf jfn trbjtebft;

@cftjegfjtbn abbn eust hb wgtonrjwf geebngjtbmy.

\rcvgnb bjsgmy ngibstghmb mcw ajt jfn ogio prctbgf ngbt/abbn.

Puppcrtgvb tobrjpy wgto eumtgvgtjegfs.

-2 njys

gftbrvjm tc nb`rbjsb obpjtg` njejib.

J`tgvjtbn `ojr`cjm L 1.9 ei/di gftrjruegfjmmy js 0


33/103

\rbvbftgcf jfn trbjtebft`cftn

Puppmbebft tob ngbt wgto vgtjegf B jfn sbmbfgue tc

jebmgcrjtb tob baab`ts ca jamjtcxgfs.

Puppmbebft tob ngbt ca jaab`tbn jfgejms wgto obpjtctcfg`s. \rbvbft ufnub strbss tc tob jaab`tbn jfgejms.

(ANJ `cfsgnbrs jamjtcxgfs gf egmd jfn ebjt js j sbrgcus torbjt

tc ouejf objmto jfn j sbrgcus rbiumjtcry vgcmjtgcf)

^rbjtebft ca irjgfs wgto jfoynrcus FO0,O8c8,@omcrgfb,C0hut baag`j`y fct hbbf bstjhmgsobn

J`tgvjtbn `ojr`cjm 1.9 ei / Di G/X js 0


34/103

EW@C^C_GF HGFNBXP Ey`ctcxgf jnscrhbfts caabr jf jttrj`tgvb socrt-tbre scmutgcf tc tob

òjmmbfib ca ey`ctcxgf-`cftjegfjtbn jfgejm abbns.

ôb cfmy `cepmbtb scmutgcf tc tob ey`ctcxgf òjmmbfib wgmm hb tob mcfi-tbre

icjm ca bmgegfjtgfi ey`ctcxgfs arce tob accn jfn abbn òjgfs torcuio

geprcvbn qujmgty `cftrcm hjsbn cf hbttbr jfjmytg`jm tbòfgqubs `cupmbn

wgto ibfbtg` jnvjf`bs gf pmjft rbsgstjf`b tc aufijm gfabstjtgcf.

Ey`ctcxgf hgfngfi gs jògbvbn torcuio hcto;

\oysg`jm jnscrptgcf

Xbmjtgvbmy wbjd hcfngfi gfvcmvgfi vjf nbr Yjjms gftbrj`tgcfs jfn

oynrcibf hcfngfi

@obeg`jm Jnscrptgcf;

(@obegscrptgcf) gs j strcfibr gftbrj`tgcf wogò gfvcmvbs gcfg` cr

`cvjmbft hcfngfi. Jf baab`tgvb hgfnbr cr sbqubstbrgfi jibft gs cfb tojt prbvbfts cr mgegts

ey`ctcxgf jhscrptgcf arce tob ijstrc-gftbstgfjm trj`t ca tob jfgejm. Gf

jnngtgcf, toby socumn hb arbb arce gepurgtgbs jfn cncurs. Hb jwjrb tojt

fct jmm jrb bqujmmy baab`tgvb. Ejfy `jf gepjgr futrgbft utgmgsjtgcf jfn jrb

ejgfmy ejrdbtbn, hjsbn cf gf-vgtrc njtj cfmy.


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Crijfg` JnscrhbftsCrijfg` ey`ctcxgf jnscrhbfts jrb `jrhcf hjsbnpcmyebrs. Bxjepmbs `cumn gf`munb;

aghrcus pmjft scur`bs su`o js; cjt oumms

wobjt hrjf

jmajmaj aghrb

bxtrj`ts ca ybjst `bmm wjmm `bmmumcsb

obeg-`bmmumcsb

pb`tgf

Pu`o ejtbrgjms jrb hgcnbirjnjhmb hut `jf, gf sceb`jsbs, jmsc hb vb`tcrs ca ey`ctcxgf `cftjegfjtgcf.Hbfbagts ca ybjst `bmm wjmm jrb mcw gf`musgcf, ogiosuraj`b jrbj jfn `brtjgfmy fc tcxg` `cftjegfjfts.


37/103

XRHXJ^C_GF


38/103

PCRX@B`cftjegfjtbn abbn

`c-bxgst wgto jamjtcxgfs

\rcnu`bn hy aufius - \bfg`gmmgue ruhrue,

\.purpurcibfue

@OBEGP^XW

C``urs gf ^wc acres- Xuhrctcxgf J & H

XH^J ; \bf`gmmgue ruhrue

XH^H ; pbf`gmmgue purpurcibfue

^cxg`gty gs nub tc prbsbf`b ca ufsjturjtbnmj`tcfb rgfi

Ojbecrrjiog` syfnrceb gf pcumtry- agrstrb`cifgsbn


39/103

\XC\BX^GBP

Gfscmuhmb gf cgm & wjtbr

Pcmuhmb gf jm`ococm jfn bstbrs

Ptjhmb jt rcce tbepbrjturb(Objtgfi jt ?2-:


40/103

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P

J`tgcf sgegmjr tc jamjtcxgfs

hgfn tc `bmm ej`rcecmb`umbs- NFJ,XFJ jmtbr

tob auf`tgcf

Mbtojm baab`ts cf J^\ jsbs jfn bmb`trcf

trjfspscrt systbe

Pbvbrb mgvbr njejib jfn Objecrrojig`

pfubecfgj


41/103

Eb`ojfgse ca j`tgcf

XHt-H

Xhth: bpcxgnb

Gftbrj`ts wgto Ej`rcecmb`umbs ca Obpjtc`ytbs

NFJ & XFJ pcmyebrjsb

\rctbgf syftobsgs


42/103

Ebòjfgse ca j`tgcf

XH^- H

J^\ jsbs(egtcòcfnrgjm) Ngstgftbirjtgcf

ca

Gcfg` ecvbebft J`rcss Egtcòcfnrgjm ebehrjfb Xghcscebs

Mcss ca stru`turjm & Auf`tgcfjm Gftbirgty ca Egtcòcfnrgj \rctbgf

syftobsgs

Obpjtctcxg`gty


43/103

^C_G@CDGFB^G@P

Mgvbr ebtjhcmgse

Imu`crjfgnb & sumpojtb `cfkuijtbs

Bx`rbtbn gf hgmb,urgfb ,abj`bs

Bftbrcobpjtg` `y`mb


44/103

syeptces

Pgifs rbmjtbn tc obpjtctcxg`gty

Jfcrbxgj

Nboynrjtgcf

Nbprbssgcf Kjufng`b

Ngjrrocbj

Ybgiot mcss

Pwgfb ; objn prbssgfi& `cmg`

Ocrsb ; Gf`crngfjtgcf


45/103

\E MBPGCFP

Obecrrojibs gf vjrgcus crijfs

Xbfjm njejib

Ocrsb ; hrjgf obecrrojib


46/103

NGJIFCPGP

Ogstcry

Pyeptces

Mbsgcfs

Mjh tbstsnbtb`tgcf ca ruhrctcxgf gf urgfb jfnabbn hy `orcectcirjpoy

NN;- Jamjtcxg`csgs

Fc spb`gag` trbjtefbt

Ygtonrjwm ca `cftjegfjtb nabbn, suppcrtgvbtrbjtebft


47/103

^XBJ^EBF^

Pyeptcejtg`

Ygtonrjwm ca suspb`tbn abbn

Jfjhcmg` Ptbrcgns

J`tgvjtbn `ojr`cjm

Amugn tobrjpy


48/103

P\CXGNBPEGFP

P\CXGNBPEGFP


49/103

P\CXGNBPEGFP jrb sb`cfnjry ebtjhcmgtbs ca tob sjprcpoytg` aufius \gtocey`bs òjrtjrue,

(Ppcrgnbsegue hjdbrg)wogò ircws cf nbjn pjsturb mgttbr.

ôb wjre ircufn tbepbrjturbs jfn ogio ouegngty rbqugrbn acr rjpgn ircwto

ca togs aufius rbstrg`t ngsbjsb c`ùrrbf`b tc oct sueebr jfn jutuef pbrgcns

socrtmy jatbr wjre rjgfs.

ôb spcrgnbsegfs jrb bx`rbtbn vgj tob hgmgjry systbe, gf wogò toby prcnu`b

sbvbrb òcmjfigtgs jfn pbrgòcmjfigtgs js j rbsumt ca tgssub fb`rcsgs.

Hgmgjry chstru`tgcf ejy hb sbbf, wogò rbstrg`ts bx`rbtgcf ca hgmb pgiebfts jfn

rbsumts gf kjufng`b.

Pgegmjrmy, ajgmurb tc bx`rbtb poymmcbrytorgf gf hgmb mbjns tc poctcsbfsgtgsjtgcf.

\rbvgcus gfibstgcf ca tcxg` spcrbs `jusbs pctbftgjtgcf, tous j su``bssgcf ca

sejmm gftjdbs ca tob spcrbs `jf mbjn tc suhsbqubft sbvbrb cuthrbjds

@mgfg`jm Agfngfis Mbsgcfs


50/103

@mgfg`jm Agfngfis, Mbsgcfs

poctcsbfsgtgsjtgcf jfn kjufng`b jppbjr -: njys jatbrgftjdb ca tob tcxgfs.

Jfgejms arjftg`jmmy sbbd sojnb.

Bvbf socrt bxpcsurb tc tob suf rjpgnmy prcnu`bs tob typg`jmbrytobej jfn bnbej ca poctcnbrejtgtgs gf ufpgiebftbn sdgf.ôb jfgejms suaabr `cfsgnbrjhmy, jfn nbjtos c`ùr arce cfb tcsbvbrjm wbbds jatbr poctcnbrejtgtgs jppbjrs.

\E Mbsgcfs;

@ojrj`tbrgstg` mgvbr jfn hgmb nu`t mbsgcfs jrb sbbf gf jmm jaab`tbnjfgejms

mgvbrs jrb gfgtgjmmy bfmjribn, g`tbrg`, jfn ojvb j ejrdbn mchumjrpjttbrf. Mjtbr, tobrb gs jtrcpoy jfn ejrdbn aghrcsgs.

Ibfbrjmmy, tobsb jrbjs jrb jssc`gjtbn wgto aghrcsgs jfntog`dbfgfi ca `crrbspcfngfi hgmb nu`ts.

ôb hmjnnbr eu`csj `ceecfmy socws obecrrojig` crhgmbpgiebft- stjgfbn um`brjtgvb brcsgcfs wgto `grùes`rghbnbnbej.

^rbjtebft jfn @cftrcm


51/103


^c egfgegsb gftjdb ca pjsturb mgttbr jfn tcxg` spcrbs,socrt irjzgfi socumn hb jvcgnbn.

Ctobr abbnstuaas socumn hb abn nurgfi njfibr pbrgcns ^rbjtgfi acr obpjtgtgs jfn poctcsbfstgzjtgcf

Jftghj`tbrjgms, jftgogstjegfg`s

zgf` sumpotb gf wjtbr(1i/:


52/103

C@OXJ^C_GF

Abbns jaab`tbn- Yobjt ryb, @crf , Hjrmby , @brbjm irjgfs


53/103

Abbns jaab`tbn Yobjt ryb, @crf , Hjrmby , @brbjm irjgfs

Còrjtcxgfs jfn `gtrgfgf jrb prcnu`bn hy sbvbrjm spb`gbs ca ibfbrj

Jspbrigmmus jfn \bfg`gmmgue.

ôb twc ecst `ceecf spb`gbs tojt prcnu`b còrjtcxgf J (C^J)

jrbJspbrigmmus còrj`bus jfn \bfg`gmmgue vbrru`csue.

ôbsb aufig jrb uhgqugtcus jfn tob pctbftgjm acr `cftjegfjtgcf cajfgejm abbn jfn ouejf accn gs wgnbsprbjn.

Jspbrigmmus spp. jppbjrs tc prcnu`b còrjtcxgfs jt `cfngtgcfs ca

ogio ouegngty jfn tbepbrjturb

@gtrgfgf wjs agrst gscmjtbn js j purb `cepcufn arce j ùmturb ca \.

`gtrgfue gf :70:. Mjtbr, gt wjs jmsc gscmjtbn arce J. còrj`bus, \.

vbrru`csue, jfn rbmjtbn spb`gbs tojt `cftjegfjtb irjgf.


54/103

AJ@^CXP JAAB@^GFI ^C_G@G^W

Ecsgturb `cftbft 6:1%

XO 6 ?2%

^bepjrjturb :8-82


55/103

@OBEGP^XW

Gsc`cuejrgf `cepcufnsPyftobsgzbn arce pobfym jmjfgfb

Fgfb c`orjtcxgfs prbsbft4 J gs ecrb tcxg`

Crjm tcxg` ncsb acr swgfb & pcumtry :-2p

^C_G@CDGFB^G@P

J`gtvb ebtjhcmgtbs c`orjtcxgf q & pobfym

jmjfgfbhy eg`rcscejm EAC

Xbsgnub gf dgnfby ,Acbtjm mjeh hmccn

@rcssbs pmj`bftjm hjrrgbr


56/103

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P

J`tgcf cf rbfjm \@^

Nb`rbjsb ebtjhcmgtb `mbjrjf`b jfn urgfb`cf`bftrjtgcf jhgmgty

Gfoghgt jfgcf trjfspcrt & rbmbjsb ca rbfjm hrusohcrnbr bfzyebs

Gftbrabrb wgto prctbgf syftobsgs prctbgf,XFJsyftobsgs

Ngsruptgcf ca `jrhcoynrjtb ebtjhcmsgeGf`rbjsbn arbb rjng`jm ibfbrjtgcf vgj @yt p>2 tgebs mbss

tojf bstrjngcm.

Bstrcibfgse nub tc zbjrjmbfcfb wjs agrst `mgfg`jmmyrb`cifgsbn js vumvcvjigfgtgs gf prbpuhbrtjm igmts abn ecmny

`crf (ejgzb)

Ogio ngbtjry `cf`bftrjtgcfs jrb rbqugrbn tc prcnu`b

ngsbjsb gf `jttmb jfn sobbp, jfn bxtrbebmy ogio ncsjibs jrbrbqugrbn tc jaab`t pcumtry.

@mgfg`jm Agfngfis


64/103

@mgfg`jm Agfngfis

\oysg`jm jfn hbojvgcrjm sgifs ca bstrus jrb gfnu`bn gf ycufiigmts hy js mgttmb js : ppe ngbtjry zbjrjmbfcfb.

Gf pgis, zbjrjmbfcfb prgejrgmy jaab`ts wbjfbn jfnprbpuhbrtjm igmts, `jusgfi oypbrbegj jfn bfmjribebft ca tobvumvj.

^obrb gs oypbrtrcpoy ca tob ejeejry imjfns jfn utbrus, wgto

c``jsgcfjm prcmjpsb ca tob utbrus gf sbvbrb `jsbs. Gfeumtgpjrcus scws, sgifs gf`munb ngegfgsobn abrtgmgty, jfbstrus,rbnu`bn mgttbr sgzb, sejmmbr caasprgfi, jfn prchjhmy abtjmrbscrptgcf.

@cfstjft bstrus cr psbuncprbifjf`y ejy hb sbbf.

[bjrjmbfcfb `jusbs rbprcnu`tgvb tcxg`csgs gf sbxujmmy ejturbscws hy gfoghgtgfi sb`rbtgcf jfn rbmbjsb ca acmmg mb-stgeumjtgfi ocrecfb (APO) rbsumtgfi gf jrrbst ca prbcvumjtcrycvjrgjf acmmg`mb ejturjtgcf.

Behryctcxg`gty

MBPGCFP

g g g g m n g o n a mmg m g g n mm m


65/103

Mbsgcfs gf pgis gf`munb cvjrgjf jtrcpoy jfn acmmgùmjr jtrbsgj, utbrgfb bnbej, `bmmumjr

oypbrtrcpoy gf jmm mjybrs ca tob utbrus, jfn j `ystg` jppbjrjf`b gf nbibfbrjtgvb

bfncebtrgjm imjfns. ôb ejeejry imjfns socw nu`tjm oypbrpmjsgj jfn bpgtobmgjm

prcmgabrjtgcf. squjecus ebtjpmjsgj gs sbbf gf tob `brvgx jfn vjigfj.

NGJIFCPGP

Xbprcnu`tgvb pbracrejf`b gf tob obrn cr amc`d, `mgfg`jm sgifs, jfn ogstcry ca ngbt-

rbmjtbn c`ùrrbf`b.

@obeg`jm jfjmysgs ca suspb`t abbn acr zbjrjmbfcfb jfn `jrbaum bxjegfjtgcf carbprcnu`tgvb crijfs jt fb`rcpsy jrb rbqugrbn..

NGAABXBF^GJM NGJIFCPBP;

Xbprcnu`tgvb trj`t gfab`tgcfs jfn ctobr `jusbs ca gepjgrbn abrtgmgty suò js

ngbtoymstgmhbstrcm gf tob ngbt ca ocusbn stc`d. Gf irjzgfi obrhgvcrbs, bspb`gjmmy sobbp,

tob pmjft bstrcibfs (bi, gscamjvcfbs jssc`gjtbn wgto sceb vjrgbtgbs ca suhtbrrjfbjf

jfn rbn `mcvbrs, jfn `cuebstjfs gf `brtjgf acnnbrs Tbi, jmajmajU) socumn hb `cfsgnbrbn.

^rbjtebft , @cftrcm jfn Ejfjibebft


66/103

Rfmbss stc`d jrb sbvbrbmy cr `orcfg`jmmy jaab`tbn, usujmmy

rbprcnu`tgvb auf`tgcfs rb`cvbr jfn sgifs rbirbss :-> wd

jatbr gftjdb ca zbjrjmbfcfb stcps. Ejfjibebft ca swgfb wgto oypbrbstrcibfgse socumn

gf`munb `ojfigfi tob irjgf geebngjtbmy.

Jfgejms socumn hb trbjtbn syeptcejtg`jmmy acr vjigfjm

cr rb`tjm prcmjpsb jfn poysg`jm njejib tc bxtbrfjmibfgtjmgj.

Acr sbxujmmy ejturb scws wgto jfbstrus, cfb mC-ei ncsb

ca prcstjimjfngf A8j, cr twc 2-ei ncsbs cf su``bssgvb

njys, ojs `crrb`tbn jfbstrus `jusbn hy rbtjgfbn `crpcrj.

Jmajmaj jfn jmajmaj ebjm abn tc swgfb jt 82% ca tob rjtgcf

ejy rbnu`b jhscrptgcf jfn gf`rbjsb ab`jm bx`rbtgcf ca

zbjrjmbfcfb, hut togs gs catbf fct `cfsgnbrbn prj`tg`jm.


67/103

^XG@OC^OB@BFBP

(ARPJXGC^C_G@CPGP)

^rg`octob`bfbs


68/103

Jrb j ircup ca `mcsbmy rbmjtbn sb`cfnjry ebtjhcmg prcnu`ts ca

sbvbrjm ajegmgbs ca gepbrab`t, sjprcpoytg`, cr pmjft pjtocibfg` aufig

suò jsAusjrgue, ^rgòctob`gue, Eyrctob`gue, @bpojmcspcrgue,

Ptjòyhctrys,

^rgòcnbsej, @ymgfnrc`jrpcf, jfn Qbrtg`gecfcspcrgue spp.

Cf tob hjsgs ca ecmbùmjr stru`turb, tob trgòctob`bfbs jrb

`mjssgagbn js

Fcfej`rc`y`mg` (bi, nbcxyfgvjmbfcm TNCFU cr vcegtcxgf, ^-8

tcxgf, ngj`btcxys`grpbfcm, (NJP) jfn ctobrs)

Ej`rc`y`mg` (sjtrjtcxgf, rcrgngf, vbrru`jrgf).

Ecst `ceecfmy acufn jfn stungbn jrb

NCF,cr vcegtcxgf, ^-8 tcxgf, (ECP^ @W^C^C_G@) jfn

ngj`btcxys`grpbfcm, (NJP)

Ogiomy tcxg` jt tob suh`bmmumjr, `bmmumjr, jfn crijfg` systbe mbvbm.


69/103

ôby swgatmy pbfbtrjtb `bmm mgpgn hgmjybrs, tous jmmcwgfi j``bss tc

NFJ, XFJ, jfn `bmmumjr crijfbmmbs.

Gfoghgt prctbgf syftobsgs hy jaab`tgfi pcmyrghcscebs tc gftbrabrbwgto tob gfgtgjtgcf pojsb ca prctbgf syftobsgs.

Jt tob suh`bmmumjr mbvbm, tobsb tcxgfs gfoghgt prctbgf syftobsgs jfn

`cvjmbftmy hcfn tc sumaoynrym ircups.

^cxg`gty ca tob trgòctob`bfbs gs hjsbn cf ngrb`t `ytctcxg`gty jfn gscatbf rbabrrbn tc js j rjngcegebtg` baab`t (bi, hcfb ejrrcw

oypcpmjsgj, ijstrcbftbrgtgs, ngjrrobj, obecrrojibs).

ôb ùtjfbcus `ytctcxg gty - jùtb, fb`rctgsgfi prc`bss wgto

egfgejm gfamjeejtgcf ca hcto tob bpgnbregs jfn nbregs.

Ptcejtgtgs, oypbrdbrjtcsgs wgto um`brjtgcf ca tob bscpojibjm pcrtgcf

ca tob ijstrg` eu`csj, jfn fb`rcsgs ca tob IG trj`t ojvb hbbf sbbf

jatbr gfibstgcf ca trgòctob`bfbs.

Geeufcsupprbssgvb

\cumtry jfn `jttmb jrb ecrb tcmbrjft ca trgòctob`bfbs


70/103

\cumtry jfn `jttmb jrb ecrb tcmbrjft ca trg`octob`bfbs

tojf jrb \GIP - ecst su`bptghmb.

Fcfej`rc`y`mg` (bi, nbcxyfgvjmbfcm TNCFU cr vcegtcxgf,

^-8 tcxgf, ngj`btcxys`grpbfcm, (NJP) - ejgfmy prcnu`bn hy

Ausjrgue spcrctrg`ocgnbs ( ^8 jfn NJP)

A. rcsbue (NCF)

Mgpcpogmg` jibfts, jhscrhbn torcuio sdgf iut, pumecfjry

eu`csj

jaab`t rjpgnmy prcmgabrjtgfi tgssubs. Nc fct rbqugrb

ebtjhcmg` `cfvbrsgcf tc j`t, ufmgdb ctobr ey`ctcxgfs

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P


71/103

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P

\ctbft gfoghgtcrs ca prctbgf syftobsgs 1


72/103

Ptj`oyhctryctcxg`csgs;


73/103

ocrsb, `jttmb, sobbp, pgis-jaab`tbn nub tc `cfsuepjtgcf ca ojy `cftjegfjtbn

wgto Ptjòyhctrgs jtrj.

@cftrcm ca ^rgòctob`bfs

Pyeptcejtg` trbjtebft jfn abbngfi ca uf`cftjegfjtbn abbn

jrb rb`ceebfnbn.

Ptbrcgnjm jftg-soc`d jfn jftg-gfamjeejtcry jibfts, suò js

ebtoymprbnfgscmcfb, prbnfgscmcfb, jfn nbxjebtojscfb,

ojvb hbbf usbn su``bssaummy gf bxpbrgebftjm trgjms.


74/103

BXIC^GPE

BXIC^GPE


75/103

BXIC^GPE

Mcfibst dfcwf ey`ctcxgf

ôgs wcrmnwgnb ngsbjsb ca ajre jfgejms rbsumts arce `cftgfubn

gfibstgcf ca s`mbrctgj ca tob pjrjsgtg` aufius @mjvg`bps purpurbj,

wogò rbpmj`bs tob irjgf cr sbbn ca ryb jfn ctobr sejmm irjgfs cr

acrjib pmjfts, suò js tob hrcebs, hmubirjssbs, jfn rybirjssbs.

ôb ojrn, hmj`d, bmcfijtbn s`mbrctgj ejy `cftjgf vjrygfi qujftgtgbs

ca brict jmdjmcgns, ca wogò brictjegfb jfn bricfcvgfb

(bricebtrgfb) jrb pojrej`cmcig`jmmy ecst gepcrtjft.

@jttmb, pgis, sobbp, jfn pcumtry jrb gfvcmvbn gf spcrjng` cuthrbjds,

jfn ecst spb`gbs jrb sus`bptghmb


76/103

^C_G@CNWFJEG@P

pjrtgjm jicfgst jfn jftjicfgst jt jmpoj

jnrbfbrig` rb`bptcrs gf vjs`umjr jfn ctobr

seccto eus`mbs

brictjegfb- sbrctbfbrig` jftjicfgst

bricebtrgfb- pctbft cxytc`g` j`tgcf

Ncpjegfbrig` jicfgst- gfoghgts prcmj`tgf

Brict `jusbs vjsc`cfstrg`tgcf hy ngrb`t j`tgcf cf tob rbpbjtbn


77/103

ncsjibs gfkurb tob vjs`umjr bfnctobmgue.

Gfgtgjmmy rbnu`b hmccn amcw jfn bvbftujmmy mbjn tc `cepmbtb

stjsgs wgto tbregfjm fb`rcsgs ca tob bxtrbegtgbs nub tc

torcehcsgs.

J `cmn bfvgrcfebft prbngspcsbs tob bxtrbegtgbs tc ijfirbfb.

Brict ojs j pctbft cxytc`g` j`tgcf jfn jmsc `jusbs stgeumjtgcf

ca tob @FP, acmmcwbn hy nbprbssgcf.

Brict jmdjmcgns gfoghgt pgtugtjry rbmbjsb ca prcmj`tgf wgto ajgmurb

ca hcto ejeejry nbvbmcpebft gf mjtb ibstjtgcf jfn nbmjybn

gfgtgjtgcf ca egmd sb`rbtgcf, rbsumtgfi gf jijmj`tgj jt pjrturgtgcf.

@mgfg`jm Agfngfis jfn Mbsgcfs


78/103

@jttmb-. Mjebfbss, tob agrst sgif, ejy jppbjr 8-1 wd cr ecrb jatbr gfgtgjm

gfibstgcf, nbpbfngfi cf tob `cf`bftrjtgcf ca jmdjmcgns gf tob brict jfn

tob qujftgty ca brict gf tob abbn.

Ogfnmgehs jrb jaab`tbn hbacrb acrbmgehs, hut tob bxtbft ca gfvcmvbebft

ca j mgeh jfn tob fuehbr ca mgehs jaab`tbn nbpbfns cf tob njgmy gftjdb

ca brict.

Hcny tbepbrjturb jfn pumsb jfn rbspgrjtgcf rjtbs jrb gf`rbjsbn.

Bpgnbeg` oypbrtobregj jfn oypbrsjmgvjtgcf ejy jmsc .

Pwbmmgfi jfn tbfnbrfbss ca tob abtmc`d kcgft jfn pjstbrf.

Ygtogf -: wd, sbfsjtgcf gs mcst gf tob jaab`tbn pjrt, jf gfnbftbn mgfb

jppbjrs jt tob mgegt ca fcrejm tgssub, jfn nry ijfirbfb jaab`ts ngstjm pjrt.

Cfb cr hcto `mjws cr pjrt ca mgehs up tc oc`d cr dfbb ejy hb smcuiobn.


79/103

\E Mbsgcfs

`yjfctg` jfn ojrnbfbn sdgf gf jnvjf`bn

`jsbs.

Puh`utjfbcus obecrrojib jfn sceb bnbej

c``ur prcxgejm tc tob fb`rctg` jrbj.

Ngjifcsgs


80/103

i

Ogstcry jfn @m Pi

Brict jmdjmcgns ejy hb bxtrj`tbn jfnnbtb`tbn gf suspb`t ircufn irjgf ebjms.

NN;

Gnbftg`jm sgifs jfn mbsgcfs ca mjebfbss, jfnsmcuiogfi ca tob occvbs jfn tgps ca bjrs jfn

tjgm, jrb sbbf gf abs`ub acct gf `jttmb irjzgfi gf

wgftbr cf tjmm abs`ub irjss gfab`tbn wgto jfbfncpoytb aufius



81/103


Geebngjtb `ojfib tc jf brict-arbb ngbt

Rfnbr pjsturb abbngfi `cfngtgcfs, arbqubft irjzgfi cr

tcppgfi ca pjsturbs prcfb tc brict gfabstjtgcf nurgfi tob

sueebr ecftos rbnu`bs amcwbr-objn prcnu`tgcf jfn

obmps `cftrcm tob ngsbjsb.

Irjgf tojt `cftjgfs bvbf sejmm jecufts ca brict socumn

fct hb abn tc prbifjft cr mj`tjtgfi scws. Pyeptcejtg`, suppcrtgvb- sjmgfb purijtgvbs,

jftg`cfvumsjft, jftghgctg`s, dbbpgfi jfgejm wjre


82/103

ABP@RB \CGPCFGFI

^jmm abs`ub (Abstu`j jrufngfj`bj)gs tob prbncegfjft pjsturb


83/103

irjss - Absùb mjebfbss ojs hbbf rbpcrtbn

ôb `jusjtgvb tcxg` suhstjf`b ojs j`tgcfs sgegmjr tc tocsb

prcnu`bn hy s`mbrctgj ca @mjvg`bps purpurbj.

Bricvjmgfb jfn pbrjegfb jrb tob tcxgfs

ôb `mjvg`gpgtj`bcus bfncpoytb aufius J`rbecfgue

`cbfcpogjmue

Absùb sueebr tcxg`csgs gf `jttmb- pccr wbgiot ijgf, nb`r.

egmd prcnf, rcuio ojgr `cjt, sjmgvjtf, pccr rbprcn

pbracrejf`b, jijmj`tgj

Absùb acct- gf sobbp , `jttmb- c`ùrs gf wgftbr- mbsgcfs

sgegmjr tc ijfirbfcus brictgse


84/103

ARECFGPGFP

Auecfgsgf ^cxg`csgs


85/103

Bqugfb mbudcbf`bpojmcejmj`gj gs j ey`ctcxg` ngsbjsb catob @FP tojt jaab`ts ocrsbs, eumbs, jfn ncfdbys.

Jssc`gjtbn wgto tob abbngfi ca ecmny `crf (ejgzb), usujmmycvbr j pbrgcn ca sbvbrjm wbbds.

Auecfgsgfs jrb prcnu`bn prgejrgmy hy Ausjrgueecfgmgacreb jfn Aprcmgabrjtue.

@cfngtgcfs ajvcrgfi auecfgsgf prcnu`tgcf jppbjr tc

gf`munb j pbrgcn ca nrcuiot nurgfi tob ircwgfi sbjscf wgtosuhsbqubft `ccm, ecgst `cfngtgcfs nurgfi pcmmgfjtgcf jfndbrfbm acrejtgcf.

^orbb tcxgfs prcnu`bn hy tob aufig ojvb hbbf `mjssgagbn jsauecfgsgf H: (AH:), H8 (AH8), jfn H0 (AH0). AH0 gs rbmjtgvbmy

fcftcxg`. Ejkcr objmto baab`ts jrb chsbrvbn gf Bqugnjb jfn swgfb

@mgfgjm Pgifs


86/103

jpjtoy, nrcwsgfbss, pojryfibjm pjrjmysgs, hmgfnfbss,`gr`mgfi, stjiibrgfi, jfn rbùehbf`y.

G`tbrus ejy hb prbsbft ga tob mgvbr gs gfvcmvbn. ôb òjrj`tbrgstg` mbsgcf -mgqubaj`tgvb fb`rcsgs ca tob

wogtb ejttbr ca tob `brbhrue.

Obpjtg` fb`rcsgs sgegmjr tc tojt sbbf gf jamjtcxg`csgs.

Auecfgsgfs ojvb jmsc hbbf rbpcrtbn tc `jusb jùtbbpgnbeg`s ca ngsbjsb gf wbjfmgfi cr jnumt pgis,òjrj`tbrgsbn hy pumecfjry bnbej jfnoynrctocrjx.

\cr`gfb pumecfjry bnbej (\\B) gs usujmmy jf jùtb,ajtjm ngsbjsb jfn jppbjrs tc hb `jusbn hypumecfjry oypbrtbfsgcf wgto trjfsunjtgcf ca amugnsgf tob tocrjx rbsumtgfi gf gftbrstgtgjm pumecfjry

^XBECXIBFP


87/103

^XBECXIBFP

^rbecribf-prcnu`gfi aufig ircw cf j wgnb vjrgbty ca accnstuaas, gf`mungfi njgry


88/103

cr irjgf-`cftjgfgfi prcnu`ts gftbfnbn acr ouejf `cfsueptgcf (b.i. òbbsbs

jfn pjstjs), stcrbn irjgfs jfn futs (b.i. pbjfuts jfn wjmfuts) jfn j fuehbr

ca acrjibs (b.i. mbiuebs jfn irjssbs) `cfsuebn hy mgvbstc`d spb`gbs,

Bvbf ijrhjib jfn `cepcst pgmbs `jf hb scur`bs ca trbecribfg` ey`ctcxgf

Jmtocuio j vjrgbty ca ngaabrbft aufig syftobsgzb gfncmb ngtbrpbfb ey`ctcxgfs

ojvgfi spb`gag` trbecribfg` baab`ts cf tob `bftrjm fbrvcus systbe (@FP)

rbecribfs prcnu`bn hy \bfg`gmmgue spp. (bspb`gjmmy pbfgtrbe J jfn

rcqubacrtgfb) - ecst `ceecfmy bf`cuftbrbn ca tobsb ey`ctcxgfs.

\bfgtrbe J gs j pctbft fburctcxgf wogò `jusbs j syfnrceb òjrj`tbrgzbn hysustjgfbn trbecrs jfn, jt ogio ncsbs, `cfvumsgcfs jfn nbjto gf mjhcrjtcry jfn

ajre jfgejms


89/103

PMJAXJEGFB


90/103

Jmdjmcgnjm ey`ctcxgf prcnu`bn hy tob aufius Xogzc`tcfgj

mbiuegfg`cmj tojt `jusbs prcausb sjmgvjtgcf (smchhbrs) gfjfgejms.

J `ceecf aufijm pjtocibf ca rbn `mcvbr (^rgacmgue prjtbfsb)

jfn `jusbs j syfnrceb dfcwf js hmj`d pjt`o ngsbjsb gf tobpmjft.

Gfibstgcf ca `mcvbr ojy `cftjgfgfi smjarjegfb `jusbs sjmgvjry

bpgscnbs tojt mjst arce sbvbrjm ocurs tc cvbr 0 njys gfruegfjfts jfn ocrsbs

Ngsbjsb gs socrt tbre jfn jfgejms ibfbrjmmy rb`cvbr wgtocut

trbjtebft


91/103

HJ@^BXGJM ^C_GFP

HJ@^BXGJM ^C_GFP


92/103

HJ@^BXGJM ^C_GFP

Jnvbrsb rbj`tgcfs sbbf gf jfgejms (prgejrgmy

ncis) gfibstgfi accns `cftjgfgfi prbacrebntcxgfs jfn/cr ircssmy `cftjegfjtbn wgto

hj`tbrgj.

Hj`tbrgjs ca @cf`brf Pjmecfbmmj spp.4 @mcstrgngue spp. 4

Bsòbrgògj `cmg; jfn Ptjpoymc`c`ùs spp.

(P. typogeurgue. P. jfjtue, P. òcmbrjsugs, P.fbwpcrt. P. bftbtgngtgs.)

(@mcstrgngue hctumgfue, tbtjfg)

Hj`tbrgjm cxgfs


93/103

Hj`tbrgjm cxgfs

Bftbrctcxgfs-B.`cmg, Qghrgc `ocmbrjb

Obecmytg`- Ptrbptc`c``us, Ptjpo.

Fburctcxgf-@m. hctumgfue, @m. tbtjfg

`ytctcxgfs- Ptrbptc, Ptjpo, @m. ngaag`gmb

Bfnctcxgfs- Jmm irje fbijtgvb hj`t

@mcstrgngue Ppp.

@m t gng a g


94/103

@mcstrgngue pbrargfibfs;

Ppcrb-acregfi jfjbrchg` hj`gmmus. Objt rbsgstjft strjgfs H, @, N jrb

jssc`gjtbn wgto jùtb bftbrctcxbegj.

Xjpgn nrcp gf hmccn prbssurb, gftrjvjsùmjr stjsgs jfn torcehcsgs,

bmbvjtbn \@Q, `cfibstbn mgvbr jfn dgnfbys, jfn obecrrojig` fb`rcsgs ca

tob gftbstgfbs

@. hctumgfue;

Acufn gf jfy accn scur`b wgto j pO6>.2 \rcnu`bs j fburctcxgf, wogò`jusbs amj``gn ectcr pjrjmysgs (rbspgrjtcry ngaagùmty, bx`bss sjmgvjtgcf,

jfn nbjto).

Fburctcxgf jnscrhs tc fbrvcus tgssubs, tobrbhy prbvbftgfi

j`btymòcmgfb rbmbjsb jfn cr gts gfj`tgvjtgcf jt tob syfjptg` sgtbs.Qjrgjhmb sbfsgtgvgty jecfi spb`gbs;

Iugfbj pgis Bxtrbebmy sbfsgtgvb

ûrdby Xbsgstjft 4 Ncis, @jts, jfn \gis Xbmjtgvbmy rbsgstjft

Ocrsbs, Egfds, jfn \cumtry Ecst `ceecfmy jaab`tbn

^rbjtebft


95/103

^rbjtebft

\cmyvjmbft jftctcxgf wgto jftghj`tbrgjms-`rystjmmgfb pbfg`gmmgf I scngue

amugn jfn bmb`trcmytb

ngbtjry nbag`gbf`y ga jfy socumn hb `crrb`tbn

^B^JFRP


96/103

Fburctcxgf- hy @m. tbtjfg ufnbr jfjbrchg` `cfntgcfs Ocrsb, ouejfs ecst sus`bptghmb

`jttmb, pgi, sobbp-mbss sus`.

Hgrn jrb rbmjtgvbmy rbsgstjft

tcxgf pcssbss prctbjsb j`tgvgty

hgfn tc ijfimgcsgnbs jt prbsyfjptg` gfoghgtcry ectcr fbrvb

bfngfis gf hrjgf stbe cr spgfjm `crn sbmb`tgvb `mbvjib ca prctbgf `cepcfbft ca syfjptg` vbsg`mbs,

syfjptchrbvgf

prbvbfts rbmbjsbca gfoghgtrcy fburctrjfsegttbr- Imy`gfb jfn

IJHJ togs rbsumts gf bx`bssgvb stgeumjtgcf ca spgfjm `crn mbjngfi tc

spjsecng` tcfg` `cftrj`tgcfs ca sdbmbtjm eus`mb- `jmmbn tbtjfy

Eus`umjr stgaafbss j``cepjfgbn hy eus`umjr trbecrs- m si.

Bx`gtbn hy bxt. stgeumg

Ngjifcsgs


97/103

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Ogstcry jfn @m Pi Mjh agfngfis- sbrue tcxgf nbtb`tgcf

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Oypcejifbsbegj, bf`bpojmgtgs B`mjepsgj, stry`ofgfb pcgscfgfi

^rbjtebft

^btjfus jftgtcxgf(tcxcgn)- 0


98/103

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js hmcces, `jf ojvb j sgifgag`jft gepj`t cf tob objmto ca jfgejms

jfn ouejfs mgvgfi gf cr usgfi tobsb systbes acr nrgfdgfi wjtbr

jfn/cr rb`rbjtgcfjm purpcsbs.

Jecfi tob 8


99/103

EG@XC@WP^GFP


100/103

\rcnu`bn hy sbvbrjm `yjfchj`tbrgj, gf`mungfi spb`gbs wgtogf

tob ibfbrj Eg`rc`ystgs, Jfjhjbfj, \mjfdtctorgx, Fcstc`,

Cs`gmmjtcrgj jfn Jfjhjbfcpsgs

@y`mg` obptjpbptgnbs tojt `jusb obpjtctcxg`csgs

Ppb`gag`jmmy tcxg` tc mgvbr, `jusgfi mgvbr bfmjribebft,

prcirbssgvb `bftrgmchumjr obpjtc`ytb rcufngfi, ngssc`gjtgcf

jfn fb`rcsgs.

JFJ^C_GFP


101/103

Ejgfmy prcnu`bn hy `yjfchj`tbrgj gf tob

Jfjhjbfj ibfus

Fburctcxgfs- ngvgnbn gftc

jfjtcxgf-j, ocecjfjtcxgf-j jfn jfjtcxgfj(s).

Jfjtcxgf-j gs pctbft òcmgfbrig` jicfgst jt

fg`ctgfg` j`btymòcmgfb rb`bptcrs gf fburcfs

jfn jt tob fburceusùmjr kuf`tgcfs

^rbjtebft ôbrb gs fc spb`gag` jftgnctb acr jfjtcxgf-j.


102/103

ôbrb gs fc spb`gag` jftgnctb acr jfjtcxgf j.

Jnegfgstrjtgcf ca j`tgvjtbn òjr`cjm ojs hbbf rb`ceebfnbn.

jrtgag`gjm rbspgrjtgcf ejy hb ca hbfbagt jmcfi wgtosuppcrtgvb`jrb.

Ppb`gag` ebjsurbs tc `cftrcm sbgzurbs gf`munb hbfzcngjzbpgfbs,

pobfchjrhgtjm cr pbftchjrhgtjm.

Gf jfy sbgzurgfi jfgejm, `cftrcm ca hcny tbepbrjturb gs jfgepcrtjft pjrt ca tob syeptcejtg` `jrb.

\rjmgncxgeb (8-\JE) gs fct jhmb tc rbj`tgvjtb tob gfoghgtbn

j`btymòcmgfbstbrjsb jfn gs tobrbacrb fct rb`ceebfnbn

Jtrcpgfb socumn hb igvbf jt j tbst ncsb tc nbtbregfb gts

baag`j`y gf jfgejms wgto mgab-torbjtbfgfi `mgfg`jm sgifs. Jatbr

tob tbst ncsb, jtrcpgfb `jf hb igvbf rbpbjtbnmy


103/103

Pjxgtcxgfs jfn nbrgvbn acres hbmcfi tc tob ircup ca pjrjmytg`

sobmmagso tcxgfs jfn ojvb hbbf prcnu`bn hy j fuehbr ca

arbsowjtbr

`yjfchj`tbrgj, gf`mungfi Jpojfgzcebfcf amcs-jqujb,

@ymgfnrcspbrecpsgs rj`ghcrsdgg, Jfjhjfbj `gr`gfjmgs, Myfihyj

wcmmbg jfn \mjfdtctorgx sp.

Gf ouejfs, sjxgtcxgfs jrb jssc`gjtbn wgto tob nbvbmcpebft ca

j fburcmcig`jm ngsbjsb jatbr tob gfibstgcf ca sobmmagso

`cftjegfjtbn wgto sjxgtcxgfs

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MYCOTOXINS IN ANIMAL HEALTH