Myanmar Computer journal April 07

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54 NEW PRODUCT

66 NEW PRODUCT IN YANGON

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CONTRIBUTORS

OD;rsdK; (tdkifwDtef;wdwf)?armifarmifMuD;? pkdif;wifhxl;?

aZmfrif;ESifh Modula-2

119

PREVIEW

114 Command & Conquers

118 S.T.A.L.K.E.R : Shadow Of Chernobyl

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uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

Digital Media Home System

Key Upgrades1- Hard Drive2- Graphics card3- CPU4- Memory

Featured ProductsA- Memory: 1 GB Cor-

sair Value SelectDDR400- 80 a':vm

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Peripharal UpgradeMaxter One Touch IIITurbo Edition : a':vm 750AD'D,kdwnf;jzwfrI vkyfief;jyKvkyfrnfqdkygu

500 GB 0ifqHhrIyrmP&Sdum RAID jzifh

setup vkyfxm;NyD; RAIDO udkvnf; configure

vkyfEdkifjcif;aMumifh rsm;pGmtiftm;awmifhwif;oGm;apEdkifygonf/

ternal peripherals wdkYtwGufawmh pOf;pm;

aumif; pOf;pm;Mu&rnf jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf

Socket AM2 CPU rsm;twGuf Shuttle SN

27 P2 uJhodkYaom small form-factor sys-

tem wpfckudk toHk;jyKMu&awmhrnf/

Cases ESifh Power Supply

CPUs xkwfvkyfolrsm;onf rdrdwdkY CPU

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'pf*spfw,f rD'D,mrsm;

onf system a[mif;rsm;

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0ifqHhrI yrmP ydkBuD;í data transfer

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toHk;jyKol\ vdkvm;csufrsm; jynfhrDEdkif

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vnfywfarmif;ESifa&;udk primary u aqmif

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Upgrade udpötwGuf 'kwd,tcef;u@

wGif memory &Sdaeonf/ txl;

ojzifh 'pf*spfw,f "mwfyHk

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udk wnf;jzwfEdkifrItwGuf memory tiftm;

graphics card tiftm;ESifh CPU tiftm;

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uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

graphics cards rsm;onfvnf; vnfywf

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odkYtwGuf toHk;jyKoltaejzihf system

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rsm;rsm;onf 700 W ESifhtxuf &Sdaewwf

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PSU onf tav;xm;pOf;pm;p&m jzpfvm

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tylrsm; avsmhenf; usqif;oGm;Edkifrnfh air-

flow &&SdEdkifapaom case rsm;udkvnf; omref

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r0,f,lrD pOf;pm;jcif;acwfESihftrD vkdtyfaom upgrade rsm;

udk vkyfawmhrnfqdkygu r0,f,lrD pOf;pm;

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ygonf/

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qif yg&Sdvmonfh tpdwftydkif;rsm;ESifh ywf

oufonfh specification rsm;udk aocsmpGm

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ydwfaerIrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;&rnf jzpfonf/

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oifhay/ Oyrm Laptop wpfckudk 0,f,lonfh

tcg GB RAM avmufrQ rygygu 0,f,l

NyD;NyD;csif; wpfqufwnf; upgrade vkyfMu&

awmhrnfh yHkpHrsKd; jzpfaeonf/

uHtm;avsmfpGm acwfopfuGefysLwmrsm;

onf vkyfief;obm0tvdkuf toHk;jyKEdkifap

rnfh armf',frsKd;ESifh xkwfvkyfrIrsm; &SdvmMu

onf/ tBuD;pm; xkwfvkyfa&; ukrÜPDwdkif;

wGif vkyfief;OD;pm;ay; pD;&D;rsm; &Sdaeygonf/

odkYygí system wpfckvHk; upgrade vkyfvdk

onfhwdkif 0,f,lrnfh uGefysLwm\ tpdwf

tydkif;rsm;udk ,cifuxuf ydkrdk tav;xm;

avhvmoihfaMumif;udkvnf; jznfhpGuf wifjy

&jcif;jzpfygonf/

OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,f&D)Ref: PC Magazine, Jan 2007

acwfESihftrD vkdtyfaom upgrade vkyfawmhrnfqdkygu

rdrd jznfhwif; wyfqifrI odkYr[kwf tqihfjr§ihfwifrI

aMumifh rdrdvkyfief; aqmifwmrsm;wGif rnfrQ xda&mufrI

&Sdonfudk yxrOD;pGm avhvmMu&rnf/


Fujitsu Lifebook N6420

HP Scanjet G4050 Photo Scanner

HP rSxkwfvkyfaom Photo Scanner

av;jzpfonf/ ¤if;udk six-color

scanner [kvnf; ac:a0:Ekdifonf/

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av;onf oD;jcm;tvif;a&mif

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slides 16 ckudkwpfNydKifeufscan vkyfEkdifonf/

three- color scanning ESifhsix-color scanningoptions udk BudKuf&ma&G;oHk;Ekdifonf/

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Moviemate 33 av;onf

tav;csdeftm;jzifh 15 aygifom

av;aomfvnf; three-chip LCD

projector wpfck? built-in DVD player

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pyDumwpfpHkwdkY yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl

oD;jcm; subwoofer wpfvHk;ESifh screen

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toHk;csEkdif&ef modes av;ck xnfhay;xm;onf/ Standard-definition input udk xdef;xm;Ekdifojzifh DVDs rsm;

zGifhMunfh&mwGif pdwfwkdif;us jzpfEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 999 a':vm jzpfonf/

Epson Moviemate 33


Fujitsu Lifebook N6420

Media Center wpfckuJhokdY toHk;csEkdifaom notebook

trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ tav;csdeftm;jzifh 9 'or 6 om

av;í 17 vufrt&G,f wide screen wyfqif

yg&Sdvmonf/ Fujitsu rS Toshiba ESifh HP wdkYrS xkwfvkyf

aom Media Center trsKd;tpm; notebook rsm;udk

0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifEkdif&ef xkwfvkyfvdkufonf[k

,lq&ygonf/ N6420 lifebook wGif tvGef

jrefqefaom Intel Core 2 Duo T 7200 processor

oHk;xm;onfhtjyif 200 GB 0ifqHhrIyrmP&Sdaom

hard drive ESifhtwl HD-DVD ROM drive wdkY

wGJzuf wyfqifyg&Sdvmonf/ Built-in infrared remote

sensor ryg&Sdaomfvnf; USB attachment udk

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FireWire port wpfckESifh 4 - in- 1 card reader wpfckwdkY

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owfrSwfa&mif;aps;rSm 2499 a':vmjzpfonf/

standard 200 GB hard drivewyfqifay;xm;onf/

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80 screen tm; tjynfhxdk; jyay;Ekdifaom tajctaeawmh

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xkwfay;ygonf/ Wide Screen Format udk

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effect rsKd;awmh &Hzef&Hcg ay:vmwwfonf/

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jyify&Sd external audio

system rsm;jzifhvnf;qufoG,fEkdifrnfh port

yg&Sdonf/

Toshiba TDP-ET20U


Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-HS

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vlBudKufrsm;aprnfh feature rsm; t>ywfvkduf? tckdifvdkuf

xnfhay;xm;aom uifr&m[k nTef;qdkEkdifygonf/

7.2 megapixel t&nftaoG;ESifh 12 X optical zoom

wdkYuvnf; auseyfp&maumif;vSonf/ Tripod wyfqif

NyD;rS wnfNidrfaomyHkrsm; ½dkuful;Ekdifonf r[kwfay/

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ay;xm;onfh LCD screen av;\ t&G,ftpm;rSmvnf;

3 vufr&Sdaejcif;aMumifh vHkavmufjynfhpHkaeaponf/

tjcm; super zooms rsm;ESihf rwlonfhtcsufrSm RAW

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a&mif;aps;rSm 599 a':vmjzpfjcif;aMumifh aps;EIef;BuD;jrifh

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ydkí aumif;rGefvmaom burst mode

rSm oyfoyf &yf&yf &Sdonf/Flash rSm yg0gtm;aumif;vGef;onf/

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38mm,380 mm lens obm0rsKd; &&Sdaponf/ RAW

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tpm;tvkduf qE´jznfhqnf;rIrsm;teuf Olympus

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xGufay:vmaom SP-510 UZ armf',fonfvnf; 7.1

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Olympus SP-510 UZ


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usus toHk;jyKEkdif&ef Samsung u pDpOfxkwfvkyfcJhaom

armf',fwpfckjzpfonf/ tvGefyg;vTmaom yHkpH'DZkdif;jzifh

wnfaqmufxm;aomfvnf; 10 megapixel t&nftaoG;

&,lEkdifum 3X optical zoom udkvnf; toHk;csEkdifyg

ao;onf/ teufa&mif awmufawmufajymifajymif

udk,fxnfwGif trsKd;trnf azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdaom cvkwf

13 ck wyfqifay;xm;NyD; 2 'or 5 vufrt&G,f LCD

screen av;wpfckyg&Sdonf/ ¤if;jzifh ½kdufuGif; csdefwG,f

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scroll bar ozG,f vufacsmif;av;rsm;jzifh avsmyGwf&if;

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399 a':vmjzpfonf/

3X opticalzoom yg&Sdonf/

tvGefw&m yg;vTmaomudk,fxnf jzpfonf/

multi function cvkwf rsm;wyfqifxm;onf/

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aom aemufqkH;xkwf 46 vufrt&G,f LCD HDTV jzpf

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video inputs tpdwftykdif;ESpfckESifh yDpD toHk;jyKvdkolrsm;

twGuf VGA input wpfckwdkY toifh yg&Sdvmonf/ pGJruf

avmufp&m tqdkyg HD- compatible inputs twGuf

resolution 1080 p txd yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifygonf/

Standard- definition video (480:) jzifh 'DAD'D ½kyf&Sifrsm;

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b,fbufabmifay:wGif A/V

connections rsm; wyfqif,lEkdifonf/

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HDMIports ESpfckygonf/

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Samsung NV 10

Samsung LN-S4696D


Palm Treo 750

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wJh tcsdefrSm switches awG

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wdkuf &SmazGNyD; office files

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qdkwm system odkY owif;

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t&G,f&SdwJh tJ'D tool udk oHk;zdkY

users awG[m Access

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Office 2007 Conversions udk ulnDr,fh Microsoft Tool


ART OF GAME (PREVIEW)

a&mrNrdKUudk wpf&uf

wnf;eJY wnfaqmufcJhwm

r[kwfbl;vdkY olwdkYu ajym

Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh Comm-

and & Conquer 3 *drf;

twGif;rSm oif[m rdepfykdif;

avmufeJ Y military tzGJ Y

tpnf;BuD;wpfckvHk; xkwf,l

Ek difygw,f/ Red Alert,

General pwmawGeJY Comm-

and & Conquer *drf;pD;&D;

awG[m txl;wvnf rdwf

qufay;p&mawmh vdkr,f

rxifygbl;/ RTS tykdif;rSm

awmh standard pHEIef;awG

csay;cJhwJh *drf;pD;&D;yJ jzpfyg

w,f/

xGuf&Sdvmawmhr,fh 'D

sequel rSm t"du tcef;

u@uyg0ifwJht&muawmh

od&cufeufeJwJh Tiberium

vkdYac:wJh yHkaqmifcJ ypönf;

awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ pGrf;tif

awG jrifhrm;pGm pkpnf;yg&SdNyD;

ywf0ef;usifudk BuD;rm;pGm

tqdyftawmufjzpfapwJh

t&mqdkwmvnf; *drf; Zmwf

vrf;t& od&S dvm&w,f/

tJ'Dt&meJ Y ywfoufvd k Y

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uwnf;u wusdwfusdwf

jzpfaeMuwJh urÇmhtBuD;qHk;

plygyg0g tzGJYESpfzGJY vlom;

qefwJh Global Defense

Initiative eJY wpf,loef

Brother of Nod wkdYtMum;

ppfrD;BuD; awmufavmifap

awm hw,f/ 'gayr,f h

ppfBuD;rpcif av;wif&efvdk

wJh tjcm;urÇm N*dK[fom;awG

&JU usL;ausmfrIeJY BuHKawGY&

w,f/ Alien ½kyf&SifxJu

twkdif;ygyJ/

Command & Con-quer 3 twGif; wwd,eJY

aemufqHk;upm;EkdifwJhfaction

tzGJYuTiberium awGeJY quf

ET,frI wpfrsKd;rsKd;&dSwJh tJ'D

tjcm;urÇmu N*dK[fom;awG

yJ jzpfygw,f/ Tiberium

qdkwJh ypönf;u rSefuefpGmom

toHk;cswwf&if *drf;&JUtNydKif

tqkdif jyif;xefvSwJh multi-

player mode rSm t<uif;rJh

tqHk;tjzwf ay;oGm;r,fh

t&mygyJ/

tpOftvm *E¦0ifRTS

*drf;awGrSm yxrqHk; reso-

urces awG&Sd&mteD; tajc

pdkuf yifrpcef;aqmuf? &if;

jrpfawG pkaqmif;odrf;qnf;

í enf;ynm tqifhjrif h

atmifvkyf? oifh&JU &efoludk

acsrIef;zdkY army BuD;wpfck

xlaxmif&ygw,f/ C & C

3 rSm 'DjzpfpOfu rdepf tenf;

i,fyJ tcsdef,lw,f/ Skir-

mish eJY multiplayer maps

rsm;pGmvdkyJ oifh&JU tajccH

pD;yGm;a&;udk pwif EkdifzdkY&m

vHkavmufwJh crystals tpk

tyHkvkduf&Sd&mem;rS pwif&

w,f/ pOD; central base

structure wnfaqmufjcif;

u tjcm; buildings

aqmufEkdifzd k Y&m zGif hcsay;

w,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzif h

'kwd,taqmufttHktjzpf


ART OF GAME

vQy fpp fxkwfz d k Y power

plant awG aqmuf&w,f/

aemufTiberium pkaqmif;zdkY

refinery oefYpifpuf½HkawG

aqmuf&ygw,f/ C & C 3

rSm t&if*drf; Dawn of War

rSmvdk worker eJY builder

unit awG ygrvmbl;/ xkwf

vkyfa&; queue u next

building rSm uvpfES dy f

toifhjzpfwJhtcg ajrjyifay:

wpfcgwnf; ae&mcs½HkygyJ/

'D 'build order' u

tzGJUoHk;ckpvHk;twGuf wlnD

csufawG &Sdw,f/ Factions

tzGJYoHk;ckpvHk; Tiberium udk

pkaqmif;zdkYvdkw,f/ ¤if;u

money supply vkd jyKrl

w,f/ aemuftaqmufttHk

awG vnfywfvkyfaqmifzdkY

vHkavmufwJh power plant

awG vdkw,f/ oHk;ckpvHk;rSm

infantry and enemy

buildings awGtay: xd

a&mufpGm wdkufckdufEkdifwJh

tpGrf;xuf commando

units awGygw,f/ oHk;ck

pvHk;rSm mobile command

vehicle (MCV) wpfrsKd;rsKd;

ygw,f/ Tiberium &Sdaom

ae&mopf tuGufawGrSm

tajcpd kuf pcef;opfawG

aqmufEkdifw,f/ aemufoHk;ck

pvHk;rSm infantry, vehi-

cles, tanks, and top level

superunits awG ygw,f/

aemuftcsKdUaom taqmuf

ttHkawG wnfaqmufjcif;

jzifh Command & Con-

quer Generals rS 'general

powers' awGvdk trsKd;rsKd;

aom jyify"powers" awG

&vmEk di fw,f/ Faction

wpfckpDtvdkuf basic stru-

cture awG b,fvkd wnf

aqmuf,l&r,fqdkwm RTS

*drf;awG wpfavQmufvHk;

upm;vmcJ holawGtwGuf

vG,fulpGm odEkdifygw,f/

bHkwlnDwJh t&mawG&Sd

aomfvnf; faction wpfckpD

rSm ukd,fykdif oD;jcm;yHkpHav;

awG&Sdw,f/ GDI,Nod eJY

aliens awGudk 'DZkdif;jyK&mrSm

upm;yHkpwkdifeJY skill levels

tvkduf ukd,feJYudkufnDatmif

a&G;upm;EkdifzdkY jyKvkyfay;

xm;w,f/ pupm;olawG

twGuf GDI u toifhawmf

qHk;yJ/ ¤if;utajcpkdufpcef;

rSmyJ ukyfuyfí BuD;rm;wJh

army wjznf;jznf; wnf

aqmufvdkolawGtwGuf jzpf

w,f/ GDI [m *drf;twGif;

tm;taumif;qHk; cHppfeJY cH

Ekdif&nf t&SdqHk; ,lepfawG &Sd

w,f/ 'gayr,fh taqmuf

ttHkawGeJY higher-level

units awGu aps;BuD;NyD;

wnfaqmuf&wm tcsdefMum

w,f/

GDI & J U ,lep fawG

tqifhqifhwufvmyHkuvnf;

xif&Sm;odomw,f/ tajccH

rifleman infantry, aemuf

taqmufttHkeJY ,mOfawG

wkdufcdkufzdkY vufypfAHk;orm;

grenadiers eJY avmifcsmypf

missile squads awGe J Y

tajccH infantry awGudk

xdxda&mufa&muf okwfoif

EkdifwJh sniper team awG jzpf

ygw,f/ e,fajropfawGqD

uif;axmufpl;prf;zdkY pitbull

light ground vehicle eJY

orca scout flyerawG&Sdw,f/

GDI cHppf&JU t"dutm;u

olY&JU wifhum;awGyJ jzpfyg

w,f/ txl;ojzifh tqifhedrfh

predator tank (a&mifjcnf

aoewfoHk;vdkY&atmif up-

grade vkyfvdkY&w,f/) awG

tqifhjrifh aps;BuD;wJh mam-

moth tanks qdk&if BuD;rm;wJh

xdcdkuf'Pfukd cHEkdifw,f/

GDI &JUxdyfqHk;tqifh ,lepf

uawmh BuD;rm;vSwJh vrf;

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

avQmuf,mOf juggernaut

jzpfygw,f/ tajccHtm;jzifh

awm h a jymi f ;us,fpuf

tajr§muf turrets udk ajc

axmufESpfzufay: wifxm;

wmjzpfNyD; ta0;u&efol

awGudk BuD;rm;wJh damage

ay;Ekdifw,f/

Brother of Nod tzGJY

uawmh ydkNyD;awmh &efvkd

wuf<uum ypfajy; hit-and

run style upm;wwfol ykdí

uRrf;usifaom upm;orm;

awGtwGuf oifhavsmfw,f/

Nod &JU tajccH infantry

barracks eJY vehicle yard

awGudk csufcsif;vdk wnf

aqmufae&mcsEkdifNyD; tqifh

edrfh infantry awG pwifoGef

xkwfEkdifw,f/ Militants eJY

taocH suicide-squad

fanatics vdk t&mrsKd;awG

jzpfygw,f/ 'Dhxuftqifhjrifh

vmwJh ,lepfawGuawmh ydkí

tMurf;cHvmwJh black hand

infantry eJY scorpion light

tanks awGjzpfygw,f/ rSef

uefwJh upgrades awG jyK

vkyf Tiberium nodes awG

usm;ukwfusm;cJ&SmNyD; pD;yGm;

a&;udk tm;jznfhum Nod

bufu upm;olawG[m

stealth tanks eJY shadow

teams awGxkwfEkdifw,f/ 'D

,lepf ESpfckpvHk;u &efolY

aemufausmudk tomav;

cdk;0if hit-and -run damage

udk cyfpyfpyfav;ay;Ek dif

w,f/ ' DtawmtwGi f ;

ukd,fh&JU xdyfqHk; tqifh,lepf

avatar warmech ukdxkwfzdkY

jyifqifxm;Ekdifr,f/ rD;rIwf

wJh flame throwers wyfqif

yg&SdNyD; infantry omru

&efol structures awGyg

zsuqD;ypfEkdifygw,f/

Aliens (GDI awGu

]usL;ausmfol} vdkY ac:MuNyD;

GDI eJY Nod u infantry

awGeJYrwlpGm aliens awG

[mTiberium awGtay: xd

cdkuftemw&&rIr&SdbJ vrf;

avQmufEk difw,f/ tjcm;

vlom; ppfom;awGuawmh

xdktqdyfoifhypönf;awGtay:

avQmuf&ifdamage &r,f/

aemufqHk;taeeJY aliens

awGrSm tcsdefwpfcsdeftwGif;

olwdkYykdifqkdifEkdifwJh Tiberium

yrmP uefYowfcHxm;&wm

r&Sdbl;/ tjcm; factions

ESpfckrSmqdk&if olwdkY&JU odk

avSmifrIyrmP wdk;jr§ifhzdkY Ti-

berium silos awG tcsdefrSef

aqmufay;ae&w,f/ A-

liens awG[m Tiberium awG

ukd tqufrjywf pkaqmif;

Nod awGu ]{nfhonf} vdkY

ac:Muw,f/) tzGJYuawmh

tawGYtBuHK& S d strategy

upm;olawGtwGufjzpfNyD;

txl;jcm;qHk;aom faction

jzpfygw,f/ rSefuefwJhAsL[m

eJY wnfaqmufrItpDtpOf

usoGm;&ifvsifjrefNyD;tquf

rjywfjzpfwJh wdkufppfudk &Ekdif

w,f/ 'gayr,fh upm;yHk

pwkdifrSm tao;pm;pDrHcefYcGJrI

micromanagement vdktyf

w,f/ BuD;rm;wJh tkyfpkBuD;

ud k trdef Yay;&r,fhtpm;

,lepf wpfckcsif;pDtMum;

ajymif;vJ t rdefY ay; rS

taumif;qHk;tvkyf jzpfr,f/

Aliens awG[m tjcm;urÇm

u ypönf; Tiberium awGeJY

tqifajyqHk; jzpfwmaMumifh

¤if;tuGuf t&G,ftpm;wl

&if tjcm;tzGJYawGxuf ydkNyD;

rsm;rsm; xkwf,lEkdifw,f/

*drf;aemufykdif;rSm jyKef;wD;NyD;

resource patches awGrS

awmif yg0g&atmif unlock

vkyf,lEk difr,f/ 'ghtjyif

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

aeEkdifNyD; olwdkY&JU ppfa&;

vIyf&Sm;rItay:yJ tm½Hkpdkuf

xm;Ekdifygw,f/

Zmwfvrf;t& Aliens

awG&JU taqmufttHkwnf

aqmufyHk[m ZmwdN*dK[fu

taqmufttHkudk interste-

llar portals eJY urÇmajrodkY

ydkYaqmif,lyHk jzpfygw,f/

Alien vehicles awGu

infantry units awGtay:

xda&mufrI r&SdvSbl;/ Buzz-

ers vdkYac:wJh tajccH infan-

try ,lepfu xl;jcm;w,f/

tHkvkdufusif;vdkufaewJhudkuf

jzwfpm;aumif critters av;

awGjzpfNyD; vehicles jzpf

atmifpkpnf;qif,lEkdifw,f/

'DtzGJY&JU annihilator tripod

u *drf;twGif; wpfckwnf;

aom pGrf;tm;tBuD;qHk;,lepf

jzpfEk difw,f/ qifpG,fESm

armif; vufwHvdk tajr§muf

awGeJY uGJjym;wJh ypfrSwfoHk;ck

wpfNydKifwnf; csdefEkdifw,f/

'geJYwif rvHkavmufao;íyJ

vm;rod 'DtzG J Y& J U rdcif

tmumo,mOf (tvGefaES;

wJh) mothership unit [m

localized black hole xkwf

EkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ &efol ene-

my base teD;rSm xdcdkuf

zsufqD;rI tpGrf;BuD;rm;vSyg

w,f/

C & C 3 twGif; ckef0if

upm;zdkY&m rdepfykdif;avmuf

yJvdkNyD; tawmfav;&if;ESD;

oHk;pGJ&vG,fwJh user-friend-

ly interface,'sidebar' com-

mand menu awGygw,f/

'gayr,fh 0g&ifhupm;orm;

awGtwGufvnf; euf½Idif;wJh

AsL[mrsm;pGm ay;urf;xm;

ygw,f/ Sidebar rSmqdk&if

oifvdkorQ tajccH basic

command wkdi f;twGuf

ajryHkay:rSm base &Sd&modkY

scroll vkyfp&mrvdkbJ xkwf

jyefEkdifw,f/ 'DtoHk;0ifvSwJh

interface rSmygwJh minimap

tay:rSm oifu move and

attack orders awG wkduf½dkuf

ay;Ekdifw,f/ Build queue

wnfaqmufa&;udk general

buildings, defensive stru-

ctures, infantry, tanks eJY

aircraft ponfjzifh toD;oD;

cG Jxm;vdk Y wpfNydKifwnf;

xkwfxm;Ekdifygw,f/

Zmwfvrf; tajcjyK

single-player campaign

xuf tNydKiftqkdif jyif;xef

wJh mulitplayer tykdif;u

ydkNyD; rufp&maumif;w,f/

*drf;&JU *&yfzpftif*sifu

,lepfwpfckpDudk xl;jcm; uGJ

jym;atmif? ppfajrjyiftwGif;

rSwfom;cGJjcm;Ekdifatmif jyK

vkyfay;w,f/ tao;pdwfrl

rsm;pGmyg0ifí aygufuGJrI

awG? rD;awmufrIwf flame-

thrower attacks awGvdk

special attacks awG yg

w,f/ *drf;u vsifjrefwJh

multiplayer action 0if

a&muf csOf;uyfrI vG,fay

r,fh euf½dIif;wJh gameplay

xl;uJwJh graphics eJY tNydKif

tqkdif tournament game

tjzpf a&&SnfpGJupm;jzpfr,fh

wefzdk;&Sdw,fqdkwmawmh &Sif;

ygw,f/ PC version u

rwfvrSm xGufrSmjzpfNyD;

Xbox 360 version uawmh

'DESpfaESmif;ykdif;rSm xGufp&m

&Sdygw,f/

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

1985 ckESpfu rawmf

wq jzpf&yfaMumifh a&'D,kd

owåd<u ,dkpdrhfrIawG jzpfyGm;

cJhwJh csmEdkbdkif;EsLuvD;,m;

"mwfaygif;zdkudk b,folrS

tvnfc&D; oGm;vdkMur,f

rxifygbl;/ 'gayr,fh rMum

rDtwGif; S.T.A.L.K. E.R :

shadow of Chernobyl

xGufvmwJhtcg oif[m

pdwful;Zmwfvrf;qifxm;wJh

csmEdkbdkif; version twGif;

p Ge f Ypm;ce f;awGud k ab;

tEÅ&m,fuif;uif; vkyfEdkifyg

vdrfhr,f/ tJ'DurÇmrSm a&'D

,dk owåd<urIu xl;qef;wm

awG jzpfapcJhw,f/ oif[m

udk,fvdk&maemuf ajc&mcH

vd kufwJ h stalker tjzpf

wefzdk;BuD;vSwJh artifacts

awG vdkufvH&SmazG pkaqmif;&

r,fh tJ'D zone e,fajrrSm

udk,fhvdkyJ NydKifbuf stalker

awGtjyif rsKd;ADZyHkoGifajymif;

aewJh mutant creatures

owå0gqdk;awGeJYvnf; jynfh

ESufaew,f/ Artifacts awG

pkaqmif; odrf;qnf;Ny D;

ta&mi f ;t0,fv ky fum

vufeufawG &,l&awmh

Diablo eJY wlraebl;vm;/

RPG vdkYrxifvdkufeJY/ tJ'g

[m yHkoGift&awmh FPS yJ/

'gayr,f h wpfvrf;oGm;

r[kwfbJ us,fjyefY vif;

yGihfwJh urÇmrSm udk,f oGm;vdk

&m oGm;EdkifNyD; ypönf;ypö,

pkaqmif;&awmh FPS/RPG

hybrid subgenre vdkYyJ qdk&

awmhr,f/

oifrSef;xm;wJhtwdkif;

FPS qdkwm single a&m?

multiplayer mode yg yg&

rSmayg h/ Single Player

tydkif;u pajym&atmif/

S.T.A.L.K.E.R [m ppfrSef

obm0us ,kwådwefrIudk

OD;wnfxm;w,f? *&yfzpf

0ef;usif taiGUtoufeJ Y

ÓPf&nfwk AI utp t&m

tm;vHk; wu,fhudk cHpm;&

atmif vkyfxm;w,f/ trsKd;

oHk;q,faom vufeufawG

u tjyifrSm wu,f&SdwJh

t&mrsKd;? tjyifrSmvdkyJ ta0;

Munfh pEkdufyg scope, AHk;oD;

ypf Launcler, toHwdwf si-

lencers awGeJY tqihfjr§ihfvdkY

&w,f/ Physics engine

udk oHk;xm;awmh ab;0ef;

usifudk ypfcwf&if xdcdkuf

ysufpD;rIawG yHkazmfay;NyD;

wu,fhtjyifrSmvdk vIyf&Sm;

ouf0ifrIawG &Sdvmw,f/

ajym&&if vufawGUoHk;

r&bl;vdkY xifcJh&wJh ½lyaA'

oifcef;pmawGu *drf;xJrSm

tvkyfjzpfvmw,f/ usnf

qef qdkygawmh/ *drf;&JU wGuf

csufrIrSm olY&JU mass,speed

of flight eJY azmuf0ifEdkifrI

material spiercing awG

ywf0ef;usif ypönf;awG&JY

cHEdkiftm;awG tukefyg0if

w,f/ &v'fuawmh vuf

eufawGu tjyi fuvd k

obm0usvSw,f/ qdkyg

awmh? oifu Russian Vin-

torez rifle eJY ta0;udk ypf&if

usnfqef[m rsOf;auG;yH k

oGm;wm jrif&r,f/ aygufuJG

S.T.A.L.K.E.R : SHADOW OF CHERNOBYL

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

wHkYjyefrIuvnf; tvdkufoifh

ajymif;w,f/ *drf;rSm oHk;

xm;wJh universal combat

AI u *drf;ZmwfaumifawG

b,fvdk tajctaersKd;rSm

rqdk uRrf;usifydkifEdkifpGm jyKrl

EdkifzdkY oifay;w,f/ NPC

awGrSm tjrif? tMum; tm½Hk

awG ay;xm;w,f/ upm;ol

u &efolYpcef;xJ tom0if

NyD; snipe vkyf owfvdkuf

w,f qdkygawmh/ tjcm;

NPC wpfaumifu olY rdwf

aqG&JU tavmif;udk jrif&if

owday; tcsufjyNyD; oifhudk

&Smr,f/ awGUwJhtcg AI u

ypfwm cwfwm? tum

tuG,f,lwm? usnfqef

jznfhwm ypfrSwf&SmwmawG

vkyfygvdrh fr,f/ AI [m

toif;tzJGUtaeeJY xda&muf

pGm jyKrlr,f/ AI Zmwfaumif

awG tcsif;csif; owif;

pum;awG zvS,f MuNy D;

tcsif;csif; cover vkyfMuyg

w,f/

Gameplay t& upm;

ol[m survival jzpfz d k Y

BudK;pm; tm;xkwf&r,f/

vufeufud&d,mawG txl;

*½kpdkuf a&G;cs,f o,faqmif

jcif;? zone twGif; owdxm;

oGm;vmjcif;? b,ftcsdefrSm

wd kuf Ny D ; b,ftcs de fr Sm

rwdkuf&bl;vJvdkY odjcif;awG

yg0ifw,f/ usnfqefawG

uvnf; aygrsm;pGm &rSm

r[kwfbl;/ upm;ol[m

aoqHk;NyD;wJh&efolawGqDu

0Sufxm;wJh stashes awGu

cJ,rf;rD;ausmufawG &Sm&

r,f/

S.T.A.L.K.E.R &J U

wdkufyJGawGtwGif; ywf0ef;

usif&JU oufa&mufrIvnf;

rsm;pGm yg&Sdw,f/ us,fjyefY

wJh outdoor setting tEk

pdwfrI jrifhrm;wJh geometry

*drf;twGif; vGwfvyfpGm oGm;

vmEdkifrIawGaMumifh wdkufyGJ

tpDtrHeJY ywfoufNyD; {&mr

jzpfEd kifajcawG trsm;BuD;

xGufvmw,f/ Binocular

oHk;NyD; upm;ol[m e,fajr

rIawGrSm tpteawG vGihfpOf

ysHxGufwmawGvnf; ½lyaA'

ed,mrawG oHk;xm;vdkYygyJ/

aemuf oif[m *drf;

twGif; ½kyfypönf;awG&JU odyf

onf;rI ckcHtm;udkvnf;

wGuf&r,f/ tkwfeH&H uGef

u&pfawGu tumtuG,f

aumif;jzpfNyD; opfom;eJY

owåKeH&HawGu raumif;

bl;/ &efolawG xdrSefcH&wJh

tcgvnf; obm0usatmif

yHkazmfxm;w,f/ udk,fvHk;udk

xdwmeJY acgif;udk xdwm

wlrSmr[kwfbl;/ Animation

qDavsmfpGm yHkazmfay;w,f/

&efolUZmwfaumifu 'Pf&m

jyif;vmav olY&JU yHkpH tae

txm;u vdkufajymif;yg

w,f/ aoG;pD;aMumif;awG

usNyD; ¤if;aemuf ajc&mcH

vdkufEdkifygw,f/

Single-player game

twGif; combat u pH first

person shooter awGuae

uGmjcm;w,f/ S.T.A.L.K.

E.R twGif; upm;ol&wJh

vGwfvyfpGm usifvnfEdkifrI

u tjcm; shooters awGeJY

trsm;BuD; uGmjcm;oGm;ap

wmygyJ/ Oyrm puf½HktwGif;

pcef;csaewJh bandits awG

acsrIef;okwfoifzdkY task NyD;

ajrmuf&ef upm;ol[m w&

Murf; 0ifa&muf ypfcwf

rvm;/ ab;bufu tom

yef;wdkufrvm;/ aemufausm

rS tvpf0ifrvm;/ wpf

a,mufcsi f ; tr Snf ha >c

rvm;/ BudKuf&m a&G;vdkY&yg

w,f/

upm;oloHk;wJh enf;

AsL[mtay: rlwnfNyD; AI

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

wpfaMum pD;Munfhum &efolY

tiftm; a&wGufwm? wdkuf

cdkufzdkYae&maumif; &Smwm

vkyfEdkifw,f/ &Sifoef ajymif;

vJaewJh dynamic objects

eJY Physics rsm;vnf; awGU&

r,f/

Multiplayer r Sm

modes oH k ;c k ygw,f/

Deathmatch, team death

match eJY wpfrlxl;wJh arti-

fact hunt awG jzpfygw,f/

yxr modes ESp frs K d ;u

tjcm;*drf;awG twdkif;ygyJ/

Artifact hunt uawmh tzJGU

E Sp fz G J Uc G J Ny D; ajryH ktwGif;

usyef;ay:wJh Artifact awG

pkaqmif;&&SdzdkY wdkufcdkuf&

w,f/ ay;xm;wJh task u

artifact udk tajcpdkufpcef;

odkY jyefo,fzdkYyJ/ Artifacts

ydk&wJh tzJGUvmEdkifr,f/ Mul-

tiplayer rules u tjcm;

game's rules awGeJY qifay

r,fh S.T.A.L.K.E.R &JU

wpfrlxl;wJh 0ef;usif taiGU

touf? ½lyaA'? tEkpdwf

ywf0ef;usifeJY artifacts awG

u tjcm; multiplayer

games awGeJY uGmjcm;oGm;ap

w,f/ LAN okdYr[kwf In-

ternet ay:rSm 32 a,muf

txd upm;vdkY&w,f/

Stalker oif[m a&'D

,dk "mwfa&mifjcnfoihfwJh

zone twGif; 0ifa&mufNyD;

artifacts awGrsm;rsm; wwf

Ed ki forQ pkaqmif;&r,f/

Artifacts udk anomaly de-

tectors tultnDeJY &Sm&

r,f/ Zone u jyefvmNyD;

artifacts awGudk ajratmuf

arSmifcd korm;awGeJY zone

e,fedrdwfpGef; okawoe

pcef;awGu odyÜHynm&SifawG

qD a&mif;&w,f/ oif[m

&efolr[kwfwJh stalkers awG

eJYvnf; ta&mif;t0,f vkyf

Edkifw,f/ &vmwJh ydkufqHeJY

ypönf;ypö,awG? vufeuf

awG? tumtuG,f 0wfpHk

awG 0,fEdkifw,f/ a&'D,dk

"mwfowådydkjyif;wJh {&d,m

qDa&mufzd k Y yd kaumif;wJ h

tumtuG,f0wfpHkawG vdkyg

w,f/

ppfrSef obm0uszd k Y

bufaygif;pH ku vkyfxm;

w,f/ oihf&JUypönf;ypö,?

vufeuf? ,mOfawG[m

oHk;pJGwJh tBudrfa&? tcsdef

tvdkuf ,dk,Gif;vmr,f/

qdkvdkwmu vufeuftopf

0,f? ,mOfudk qDjyefjznfh?

vlom;twGuf tajccHvdk

tyfcsufawGjzpfwJh tdyfjcif;?

pm;jcif;awG pDrHcefYcJG&r,f/

taumif;qH k ;vd k Y qd kE d ki f

avmufwJh obm0usrIwpfck

u oif[m *dr f;twGif;

tjcm; stalker awG[m oif

eJY tvGefqifwJh &nfrSef;csuf

&SdEdkifNyD; tJ'D NPC stalker

awGu oihf&JU &nfrSef;csuf

odkYr[kwf objectives udk

oifrNyD;cif 0ifvkyfoGm;Edkif

wmygyJ/

X-Ray graphics

tif*sifu Half-Life 2 udk

armif;wJh Source Engine

avmuf rSifoufzG,f jzpfcsif

rS jzpfr,f/ 'gayr,fh txif

rao;eJY/ GSC &JU propri-

etary engine uvnf;

aemufrsKd;quf DirectX 9

u oif arQmfrSef;xm;wJh

tqifwefqm tm;vHk; yg

vmw,f/ ,mOfawGarmif;&if

ckefaqmihf vIyfcgrIawG &Sd

w,f/ opfom;eJY odyfonf;

qedrhf owåKawGudk jrefEIef;

jrihf usnfqefawGu azmuf

Edkifw,f/ aygufuJGrIawGu

yHkawG? pnfydkif;awG? zsmawG

vdk tao pJGrxm;wJh t&m

awG vGihfpOf ysHxGufapw,f/

olwdkY&JU udk,fydkif weight

tvdkufjzpfygw,f/ jruf

awG? opfyifawG? ,dk,Gif;ae

wJh taqmufttHkawG? &moD

Owk ajymif;vJrIawG? ouf

a&mufrIawG t&m0w¬KawG&JU

vIyf&Sm;ouf0ifrIawGeJY aeYeJY

n ajymif;vJyHk effect awG

tm;vHk; tao;pdwfus jywf

om;pGm azmfay;xm;ygw,f/

&J&ifhygbd comrade, aAm

'um wpfusKdufu radia-

tion Poisoning ukd ouf

omapvdrhfr,f/

(PREVIEW)


ART OF GAME

Alienware m 9700 Gaming Laptop

Hardware Sore: 8.3/10

Price: $ 4,033.00

Alien-ware &JU

topfvGifqHk; l a p t o p

Aurora m 9700 u acsmarGY

awmufyw,f/ ta&mifpHkeJY

&Ekdifw,f/ SLI-enabled

video, {&mr screen qef;

opfxl;jcm;wJ h metallic

tqiftjyifawGeJY zrf;pm;

p&myJ/

yxrqHk; udef;*Pef;

awGu t&ifpMunfh&atmif/

2412 MHZ tjrefEIef;&SdwJh

AMD Turion 64 ML-44

CPU oHk;xm;w,f/ Me-

mory u 2G1G of DDR

RAM AD'D,dktwGufu 256

MB NVIDIA Geforce Go

7900 GS uwf Stroage

twGufu striped RAID

configuration eJY 200 GB

hard drive.

m 9700 ukd bl;xJu

xkwfvkdufwmeJY vlwkdif; rSwf

csufjyK&wmu awmufy

ajymifvuf

wJh metal-

lic- flake

tqiftjyi f

jzpfygw,f/ BuD;rm; jywf

om;wJh wide-

s c r e e n

L C D

disp lay

u 17 vufr &Sd

w,f/ LAN parties awGqD

'D*drf;pufudk vufqGJNyD; oGm;

wJhtcg remvdkwJh rsufvHk;

awGeJY tMunfhcH&rSm aocsm

oavmufyJ/ LCD display

eJYywfoufvdkY t&if Alien-

ware laptop m 5700 vdkyJ

"Clear view" screen udk

oHk;xm;w,f/ ao;i,fwJh

pmom;eJY tao;pdwf tEk

pdwfrIawGudk jywfom;pGm

jrif&r,fvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/

'DhtwGuf awmufywJh ae&m

awGrSm tvif;jyefrIpGrf;&nf

enf;enf;avsmhoGm;wmawmh

&Sdw,f/ 1920 x 1200 re-

solution rSmudk tao;qHk;

aom Flash-based web

text udkawmif zwf&vG,fap

w,f/ Laptop display

tykdif;rSm olYavmufeD;eD;

,SOfEkdifwmqdkvdkY Dell XPS

M1710 yJ &Sdygw,f/

'gayr,fh owdjyKp&m

tcsufav;awGawmh &Sdw,f/

Aurora m 9700 u laptop

wpfvHk; jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh

BudKuf&mae&modkY o,foGm;

vdkY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh av

,mOfay:rSm bufx&Dtm;

oufoufeJYwif tzHk;zGifhNyD;

Prey udk upm;zdkY rBudK;pm;eJY

&rSm r[kwfbl;/ m 9700 udk

bufx&Dtm;eJY pNyD; pufEdI;

boot vkyf&if bufx&Douf

wrf;udk acRwmwJh taeeJY

CPU eJY video card awGodkY

yg0gudk jzKwfcsypfw,f/ 'D

t w G u f

Solitaire

odkYr[kwf

F r e e l e l l

xuf y d k Ny D ;

awmif;qdkrI jrifhrm;wJh *drf;

awGudk bufx&Dtm;eJYwif

upm;vd k Y rjzp fE k di fbl;/

Power save setting ukd

ydwfwJh BIOS option awmif

rygbl;/ 'Dpufu eH&H yvyf

aygufu vQyfppftm;&wJh

tcsdefyJ *drf;upm;vdkY&atmif

'DZkdif;jyKxm;wmyg/

Alienware taeeJY 'D

cufcJwJh qHk;jzwfcsufcs&wJh

taMumif;ujrifomygw,f/

(TECHNOLOGY)


ART OF GAME

tcsdeftrsm;pkrSmWarhammer

40,000 ukd bufx&Dtm;eJY

wif upm;zdkYu tdyfrufruf

&ovdk jzpfaerSmyJ/ bufx&D

tm;eJY ½kyf&SifMunfhzdkYuvnf;

rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ bufx&Dtm;

eJYwif DVD udk full screen

resolution wifNyD;Munfh&if

Munfhrjzpfavmufatmif wHkY

qk di f ;aer,f/ DVD udk

quality avQmhNyD;Munfh&if

awmh bufx&Doufwrf;u

rdepfajcmufq,fyJ cHr,f/

Word Processing eJY Web

browsing vdk ½dk;½dk;vkyfief;

aqmifwmtwGufawmifrdepf

80 aysmhaysmhavmufyJ cHyg

w,f/

9700 udk eH&Hu yvyf

aygufeJY qufvkdufwJhtcgrSm

awmh 'DjyóemawGtm;vHk;

taiGYjyefoGm;ygw,f/*drf;

,lepf wpfcktaeeJY m 9700

u aemufus usefraecJhbl;/

*drf;tm;vHk;twGuf prf;oyf

r IawGud k 1600 x 1200

resolution rSm 2 x antialia-

sing, 4x anisotropic filter-

ing awGeJY vertical sync udk

ydwfxm;NyD; frames-per-

second wkdif;zdkY FRAPS ukd

oHk;xm;w,f/ Guild Wars

u ysrf;rQ 48 FPS &w,f/

Prey u upm;vdkYjzpfEkdif

avmufwJh 29 FPS &w,f/

touf&vmNyDjzpfwJh Half

Life 2 uawmhaumif;aumif;

tvkyfjzpfNyD; 102 FPS &

w,f/ Doom 3 u tykdif;

trsm;pkrSm 47 FPS &ygw,f/

RTS trsKd;tpm; Battle for

Middle Earth II u

oifhwifhwJh 27 FPS &yg

w,f/ oGufvufvGef;wm

r[kwfayr,fhBuD;rm;vSaom

strategy title twGuf

vufcHE k di fwmxuf yd kyg

w,f/ Bethesda &JU Elder

Scrolls : Oblivion u

tm;vHk;NcHKMunfh&if 29 FPS

avmuftxd&w,f/ (rsufpd

tjrift& 30 FPS rSm acsm

arGYwJh vIyf&Sm;rI&w,f)

* dr f ; performance

awGu awGYBuHKcJh&orQ tjref

qHk;xJrSm rygayr,fh frame

rates u mobile PCtwGuf

oifhawmfvHkavmufwmxuf

ydkaeygNyD/ m 9700 [m t&if

model xuf ykdí wkd;wuf

aumif;rGefvmwm wpfcku

awmh tav;csdefeJY t&G,f

tpm;yJ jzpfygw,f/

Sony Pictures rS Meta Gear *drf;ukd

½kyf&Sifûyvkyfrnf

ausmfMum;vSwJh stealth action *drf;pD;&D;ukd vlom;awG

yg0ifwJh live-action ½kyf&SifykHpH ajymif;vJ ½kduful;awmhrSm

jzpfaMumif; Sony Pictures &JU trIaqmifu

twnfûyay;vkdufygw,f/ rESpfu E3 jyyJGrSmuwnf;u

Konami ukrÜPD[m Metal Gear Solid tay:

tajcûywJh ½kyf&Sif ½kduful;zkdY&m pwifpDpOfaeaMumif;

azmfxkwfajymqkdxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dowif;[m

Studio Kojima u xGufvmwm jzpfygw,f/ Kanami

ykdifwJh development house wpfckjzpfNyD; Metal Gear

pD;&D;zefwD;ol Hideo Kijima u OD;aqmifygw,f/

]]Metal Gear Solid ukd ½kyf&SifûyvkyfzkdY

urf;vSrf;csufrsm;pGm &&SdcJhNyD;ygNyD/ tcsdefawmh

tawmfMumoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufqkH;rSm

oabmwlnDcsuf &&SdoGm;ygNyD/ ½kyf&Sifya&m*sufu

olYvrf;aMumif;twkdif; qufoGm;aew,f/ a[mvd0k'fu

tzJGYwpfzJGYeJY Class A tqifh uefx½kduf &&SdcJhygNyD}} vkdY

Kojima u ajymcJhw,f/

&SpfvtwGif; tJ'Da[mvd0k'ftzJGY b,ftzJGUvJqkdwm

b,folrQ rodcJhMubl;/ ,ckusrS ¤if;tzJGY[m Sony

Pictures jzpfaMumif; ay:xGufvmwm jzpfygw,f/

Metal Gear Solid *drf;pD;&D;[m e*kduwnf;u

½kyf&SifqefNyD; ZmwfaMumif;jyefrIrsm;pGm yg0ifygw,f/

MGS ½kyf&Sifu tpomjzpfNyD; aemufxyf*drf;tajcûy

½kyf&SifawG xyfrHay:xGufvmp&m &Sdw,f/ EverQuest eJY

World Of Warcraft *drf;awG ½kyf&Siftjzpf jrifvm&p&m

&Sdaeygw,f/

(TECHNOLOGY)


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,cifvrStquf

aemufwpfckuawmh Memory (RAM), Memory eJY

ywfoufvkdY uRefawmfwkdY od&r,fh tcsufawG &dSw,f/ tJ'g

bmvJqdkawmh vuf&dS CPU tvkyfvkyfr,fh data awGtukefvHk;

Main Memory u odrf;xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh olYudk

Primary Storage Device vkdY ac:w,f/ olYudk Power ay;

xm;&w,f/ Power r&dS&ifawmh tvkyfrvkyfygbl;/ tJ'Dawmh

Operating System eJY application awGtukefvHk;udk

memory ay:wifNyD; run ygw,f/ vuf&dS CPU u tvkyf

vkyfr,fh data awG tukefvHk;udk main memory uae ,lyg

w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY memory yrmPrsm;vmavav system

performance vnf; ydkaumif;vmavavyJ jzpfygw,f/

Memory vnf; CPU twkdif;yJ Package Type awG

uRefawmfwkdYod&ygr,f/ Memory awGrSm yxrqHk;xGufwm

u Single Inline Ping Package (SIPP) jzpfjyD; olYaemufrSm

xGufvmwmu DIPP type jzpfygw,f/ 8088/ 8086 Series

awGrSm pjyD; oHk;cJhygw,f/ DIPP &JUt&Snfu DualInlinePing

Package jzpfygw,f/ olYudk tck Motherboard awGay:rSm

qkd&if ROM Series awGay:rSm awGYEdkifao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh

SIPP qdkwJh Single Inline Ping Package uawmh vufawGY

rSm tokH; r&Sdawmhbl;/

aemufxGufvmwmu SIMM, Single Inline Memory

Module jzpfw,f/ SIMM aemufrSmrS DIMM, Dual Inline

Memory Module xGufvmw,f/ Pentium 4 rSm Intel

uaepNyD;awmh xGufvmwmuawmh RIMM vdkYac:w,f/

Rambus Inline Memory Module vkdYac:w,f/ RAM oHk;zdkY

twGuf jzpfjyD; RDRAM only yJ&w,f/

184 Pin RDRAMMemory awG trsdK;tpm; uGJjym;jyD; xGufvmorQrSm

ykHpHawG uGJygw,f/ SIMM rSmqdk&if 30 pin eJY 72 pin xGufcJh

w,f/ DIMM rSmqdk&if 168 pin DIMM &dSovdk 184 pin

DIMM awGvJ &dSw,f/ 'gu DDR SDRAM awG uRefawmf

wdkY oHk;wm/ ½dk;½dk; First Page Mode RAM awG oHk;wm/

aemufwpfcku uRefawmfwdkY RAM Technology awG

odzdkYvdkw,f/ uJ... tckewkef;u uRefawmfajymcJhwJh SIMM

eJYajymMunfh&atmif/

uRefawmfwdkY DRAM wpfacsmif; oGm;0,fvmw,f/

olY&JU Definition u bm&dSvJ/ First Page RAM qdk&if

uRefawmfwkdY b,frSm xnfh&ovJ/ SIPP/ SIMM Slot rSmyJ

xnfh&w,f/ 'gayr,fh SIMM Slot rSmxnfhwdkif; First Page

RAM r[kwfbl;/ tJ'Dawmh bmjzpfEdkifrvJ/ First Page

RAM ½dSw,f/ First Page RAM with Parity ygwm &dSw,f/

Extended Data Out (EDO) ygwm &Sdw,f/ aemufwpfcku

DIMM Slot rS SDRAM 168 Pin, (PC 66/100/133)/ tJrSmrS

EDO/SDRAM/SDRAM with SPD RAM &dSw,f/ DDR

&dSw,f/ DDR 2 &dSw,f/ High End Server awG twGuf

oHk;wm Error Correction Code ygwJh ECC RAM awG &dS

w,f/ aemufwpfcku DIMM Slot rSm oGm;xnfhxm;w,f/

DIMM Slot rSm xnfhwkdif; tJ'g SDRAM r[kwfygbl;/

bmjzpfEkdifrvJ/ Parity vnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/ EDO RAM

vnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/

SDRAM jzpfzdkYtwGuf olu system data bus eJY

Synchronous vkyfxm;w,f/ Synchronous DRAM jzpf

ygw,f/ DRAM Technology taeeJY 'gawG &dSwm od&yg

r,f/ 'gayrJh usdef;aow,f/ First Page RAM r&dSawmhbl;/

uGefysLwmwpfvHk; b,fvdkwyfqifMurvJ

184 Pin RDRAM


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First Page RAM with Parity vJ r&dSawmhbl;/ EDO RAM

uvJ Pentium 1 xJrSma&mufoGm;NyD/ tckvuf&dS awGUaewm

SDRAM awG awGUaeEdkifw,f/ SDRAM rSm PC 66 udk

oHk;rSmvm;/ PC 100 oHk;rvm;/ PC 133 oHk;rvm;/ olu

ajymxm;wJh olY&JU definition u systembus eJY tNrJwrf;

Synchronous vkyfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY olonf 'D bus speed

awG b,fu&vJ/ tcke a&SUrSmajymcJhwJh CPU &JU bus speed

awG/ tJ'Dawmh motherboard &JU tay:rSmygwJh EDB &JU

bus speed udk 'DaumifeJYxkd;r,f/ System bus Speed eJY

Clock Multiplier vdkuf&if b,folY speed &rvJ/ CPU

speed &r,f/

tJ'Dawmh External data bus tay:rSm (Main Data

Bus tay:rSm) 'D SDRAM u oGm;xkdifxm;wm/ tJ'Dawmh

system bus (External data bus/Main Data Bus) udk CPU

bmeJY oGm;xnfhxm;w,f qdkwm odxm;&r,fh tcsufawG

&dSw,f/ bmeJY wyfqifxm;wmvJ/ PC 66/100/133/ Speed

ydkwyfvdkYawmh bmrSrjzpfbl;/ PC 66 wyfqiffxm;&if 100

vJwyfvdkY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh bmjzpfvJ/ ydkufqHukefwmaum

PC100 zdk;ukefoGm;vdrfhr,f/ Run &if PC 66 eJYyJ run

vdrfhr,f/ 'gqdk&ifvnf; uRefawmfwdkY PC 66/ 100/ 133 awG

wyfqifw,f/

aemufwpfcg SDRAM ? SDRAM rSm ½dk;½kd; &dSw,f/

SPD Series ygwm&dSw,f/ yxrqHk;rSm uRefawmfwkdYajymcJhwJh

Serial Presence Detect (SPD) Chip u Serial Line uae

data 0ifvmwmudk wpfvHk;csif; pDppfw,f/ ECC eJYuGmw,f/

ECC u 0ifvmwJh tukefvHk;udk Parallel jzpfatmifvkyfwm/

'DrSm For example taeeJY uRefawmfwkdY ajymxm;ygw,f/

0,fxm;wm P3, 750 MHz eJY run aew,f/ 'gqdk usdef;ao

w,f/ P3, 750 MHZ qdk&if bm Notation rSrygbl;/ bm

vJ/ System bus speed u 100 MHz aygh/ 100 MHz eJY

Jumper csKd;r,f/ Multiplier 7.5 eJYajr§muf 750 MHz &r,f/

'gqdk&if wu,f SDRAM installation vkyfr,f/ bmeJY

vkyfMurvJ/

PC 66 rxnfhbl;/ tenf;qHk; 100 xnfhr,f/ PC 133

uRefawmf ydkxnfhxm;csifw,f/ &vm;/ PC 133 xnfhxm;&if

PC133 &w,f/ 'gayr,fh wu,f PC133 bus speed eJY

run rSmvm;/ r run Edkifbl;/ 100 MHz eJYyJ tvkyfvkyfw,f/

'gayr,fh olu bmjzpfvJ/ PC133 0,fxm;jcif;tm;jzifh

aemufydkif; PC133 Support Processor ajymif;wJhtcgus&if

System bus speed udk ajymif;ay;vkduf½HkyJ/ SDRAM vJp&m

rvkdawmhbl;/ 'g Upgrade Series jzpfwmyJ/ aemufwpfcg

SDRAM awGrSm Registered DRAM ½dSao;w,f/ Double

Pumping ½dSao;w,f/ RDRAM Series &dSw,f/ Dual

Channel Architecture ½dSw,f/ uJ... bmawGuGmvJ/ Regis-

tered DRAM [kwf\ r[kwf\qdkwm aemufydkif;rSmyHkav;

ygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DyHkeJY uRefawmfwkdYajymr,f/ tJ'Dawmh Re-

gistered DRAM qdkwmbmvJqdk&if RAM rSm Buffer

ygvmwm/ Buffer ygvmwJhtwGuf ydkaps;BuD;w,f/ Buffer

ygwmeJY rygwm bmxl;jcm;rI&dSvJ/ tJ'Dawmh Registered

DRAM 'DrSmawGU&vdrfhr,f/

168 Pin Register SDRAM (Buffer DRAM)Data oGm;wJh Line xJrSm data awGudk BudKwif odkavSmif

xm;vdkY&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh Buffer qdkwm uRefawmfwkdY Cache

oabmrsKd;yJ/ 'gqdk&if data awGudk RAM xJrSm BudKNyD;xnfhvkdY

&wmaygh/ tukefvHk; Handel vkyfEkdifw,f/ ESpfacsmif; wyf

xm;&if ESpfacsmif;vHk;ay:rSm data udk wpfcgwnf; store

vkyfay;xm;r,f/ tJ'Dawmh CPU u RAM udk physically

RAM taeeJYjrifwmr[kwfbl;/ Spread sheet taeeJYyJ

jrifwm/ Spread sheet oGm;wmyJ½dSr,f/ ESpfacsmif;xnfhxm;

wJhtwGuf Spread sheet ESpfcktaeESifhrjrifbl;/ wpfckwnf;

taeeJYyJjrifw,f/ uJ... tJ'g Registered DRAM vdkYajym&if

Buffer ygwmvkdYajymwm/

aemufwpfcg Double Pump? bmvkyfwmvJ/ CPU u

Northbridge Mum;rSm qufoG,fwJh vrf;aMumif;&dSygw,f/

(Address Bus) ? tJ'DqufoG,fwJh vrf;aMumif;onf CPU

eJY Northbridge jcm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh Northbridge uae

wpfqifh b,folYudkqufoG,fovJ/ Main memory udk quf

oG,fw,f/ tJ'Dawmh CPU eJY Northbridge wdkYoGm;wJh vrf;

aMumif;onf yxrwkef;u wpfvrf;oGm;pepf? Northbridge

uae main memory udkoGm;wJhvrf;uvnf; wpfvrf;oGm;

pepf/ tdkauyJ/ yxrqHk; Front Side Bus vkdufwm AMD

uaeNyD;awmh Front Side Bus qdkNyD; ESpfvrf;oGm;pepf vkyf

vkdufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh CPU eJY Northbridge eJYMum;u ESpf

vrf;oGm;jzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh Northbridge eJY main memory

eJYoGm;wJhvrf;usawmh wpfvrf;oGm;pepf/ tJ'Dawmh bmjzpf


uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

vJ/ tJ'DrSm Bottle Nack jzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk uRefawmfwkdYu

Double Pump pepft& Northbridge eJY main memory

Mum;oGm;wJhaumifudkyg ESpfvrf;uifay;vkdufw,f/ 'gaMumifh

rdkY AMD paltform u bmxyfxGufvmovJqdk&if DDR

SDRAM awG pxGufvmw,f/ Double Data Rate vrf;

aMumif;awG jzpfvmw,f/ tJ'g'DrSmawGU&vdrhfr,f/ tJ'Dawmh

AMD paltform (Athlon) bufuoHk;&if double speed

udkoHk;w,f/ Intel Pentium 4 rSm av;vrf;oGm;pepfudk oHk;

w,f/ a½SUrSmajymcJhwJh Front Side Bus eJY twlwlyJ/

184 pin DDR SDRAMaemufwpfcku Dual Channel Architecture Munfh&

atmif/ Dual Channel Architecture udk RDRAM Series

rSm pxGifw,f/ b,folu xGifxm;wmvJqdk&if Intel pro-

cessor awGuvJem;vnfovdk Memory xkwfwJholawGu

vnf;em;vnfw,f/ olu bmvkyfwmvJqdk&if Spread

sheet udk ESpfckcGJwm/ ckeajymNyD;NyD/ DRAM wpfacsmif; xnfh

w,f/ Spread sheet wpfcktaeeJYjrifw,f/ aemufwpfacsmif;

xnfhw,f/ Spread sheet ESpfcktaeeJYrjrifbl;/ wpfck tae

eJYyJjrifw,f/ 'Daumifusawmh bmjzpfvJqdk&if Spread sheet

ESpfcktaeeJY jrifw,f/ ESpfckjrifNyD;awmh Processor wpfvHk;u

Spread sheet ESpfckk DRAM ESpfckudk Entry vkyfr,f/

tJ'Dawmh Dual Channel Architecture udk Fully supporting

vkyfzdkYtwGuf uRefawmfwkdY&JU CPU (Processor) [m Hyper

Technology jzpf&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh Hyper Technology

&JUoabmw&m; tckeajymxm;w,f/ b,fvdkvJ/ Physical

Processor wpfckwnf;yJ/ Physical Processor wpfck?

Virtual processor wpfck? tJ'Dawmh wpfvHk;u Memory

band wpfckudk Entry vkyfw,f/ aemuf core wpfcku

memory bank wpfckudk xyfNyD;awmh Entry vkyfw,f/ tJ'D

awmh processor trSefawmh wpfvHk;wnf;yJ/ wu,fh puf

ESpfvHk; Run aewJh speed udk &vmvdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY

Dual Channel Architecture onf Hyper eJYwGJoHk;rS tqif

ajyr,f/

'gaMumifhrdkY motherboard awGrSm tckygvmwJh Dual

Channel Architecture RAM Slot awG awGU&rSm

jzpfygw,f/ wpfacsmif;u tjzLa&mif/ wpfacsmif;u wjcm;

ta&mif ay;xm;w,f/ tjcm;ta&mif ay;xm;wmeJY rwl

nDwJh ta&mifudk oGm;wyf&if Dual Channel Architecture

r&bl;/ wlnDwJYa&mifbufrSm Oyrm Main Memory av;

acsmif;ygw,fqdk&if tpdrf;a&mifu ESpfck? trnf;a&mifu ESpfck

qdk&if uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkwyfrvJ/ tpdrf;a&mifbufrSm ESpf

acsmif;? trnf;a&mifbufrSm ESpfacsmif; wyfrS Dual Channel

Architecture &r,f/ tJ'DawmY Pentium 4 &JU RDRAM

Series rSm 'D[mawGu Supporting oGm;vkyfygw,f/ aemuf

wpfcg Slot awGUwJhtwdkif; xnfhvdkY r&bl;/ Memory &JU

trsdK;tpm; a&G;wmvnf; rwlbl;/ b,fay:rSmrlwnfaevJ/

'gol&JU Fomular yJ jzpfygw,f/

One Bank = Width of the CPU external Data Bus /

Width of the SIMM or DIMM

Bank wpfckudk owfrSwfr,fqdk&if CPU &JU EDB udk

od&ygr,f/ tJ'gudk bmeJYwnfNyD;pm;rvJ/ udk,fxnfhr,f

DRAM &JU Bit width eJYpm;ay;yg/ uRefawmfwkdY installa-

tion vkyfwm Pentium 233 MMX, 'gqdk uRefawmfwkdYodNyD/

Pentium onf standard bus speed b,favmuf&dSvJ/

66MHz / 66MHz bus speed eJY run wJh olY&JU data oGm;

EkdifwJhvrf;aMumif;b,favmufvJ/ EDB 64 bit/ 64 bit / 66

MHz eJY run w,f/ 64 bit? External Data Bus 64 bit

Installation eJY vkyfr,f/ uRefawmfwkdYu 72 pin SIMM

installation vkyfr,fqdk&if 72 pin SIMM &JU Bit width u

32 bit width ½dSw,f/ tJ'Dvdkpm;csvkdufawmh b,fESpfacsmif;

xGufvJ/ 2 acsmif; install vkyf&r,f/

'gaMumifh Pentium 233 MMX CPU udk wyfcsifw,f

qdk&if wlnDwJh Memory ESpfacsmif;xnfhay;rS Memory one

bank jzpfr,ff/ b,f CPU rqdkrSwfxm;r,f/ Memory

one bank jynfhwmeJY p tvkyfvkyfw,f/ Extra Memory

bank u udk,fMudKufoavmufxnfhvdkY&w,f/ aemufwpfcg

us&if uRefawmfwkdY ]] DIMM }} xnfhr,fqdk&if DIMM &JU

Bit width u b,favmuf&dSvJ

qdk&if 64 bit width ½dSw,f/

External Data Bus 64 bit

width udk DIMM RAM 64

bit width eJYpm;awmh uRefawmf

wkdY DRAM wpfacsmif;yJxnfh

&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh 30 pin SIMM

184 pin DDR SDRAM


uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

½dSw,f/

uJ... Voltage Setting ? Voltage Setting eJYywfowfvkdY

5V, 3.3V, 1.5V 'gawG uRefawmfwkdYoHk;ygw,f/ tJ'D awmh

FPM RAM &JU definition/ xnfhvdkufwJh DRAM awG

tukefvHk;onf wlwmawG&dSw,f/ rwlwmawG &dSw,f/ yxr

DRAM wpfacsmif;xnfhxm;w,f/ aemufxyf DRAM wpf

acsmif;vmxnfhw,f/ toHxGufaew,f/ Memory Error

xGufaew,f/ tJ'gbmvJqdk&if yxr xnfhwJhaumif DRAM

(Register) &JU Key pin u aemufxyf DRAM (Normal)

&JU Key pin vGJaew,f/ DRAM 2 acsmif; rwlwmawG &dS

w,f/ 'DrSmqkd&if (Normal) 5V / (Register) 3.3V &dSw,f/

rwlbl;/ aemufwpfckvJ 'Dtwkdif;yJ/ wpfcku DDR SDRAM,

aemufwpfcku DDR SD-RAM (Register), aemufwpfcku

DDR SDRAM (SPD)/

aemufwpfck/ 'Daumifu RDRAM/ Intel Pentium 4

850 Chipset rSm oHk;&r,fh DRAM Series onf RD-RAM

udk uRefawmfwkdYoHk;r,f/ RDRAM oHk;&if vGwfaewJh Bank

awGudk tvum;xm;vkdYr&bl; / bmxnfhay;&rvJ/ Head

spreader-CRIMM (Continuity RIMM) xnfhay;&r,f/

Bank udk Terminate vkyfay;&r,f/ olu Dual Channel

Architecture udk supporting vkyfw,fqdkawmh ESpfacsmif;?

wpf bank xnfh&r,f/ xnfhNyD;wmeJY uRefawmfwkdYusefwJh

vGwfaewJh Bank udk 'Dtwkdif;xm;vdkY r&bl;/ ydwfay;&r,f/

ydwfay;rS&ygw,f/ 'gudk uRefawmfwkdY vGwfaewJhae&mrSm

xnfhay;&r,fh CRIMM (Continuity RIMM) vkdY ac:yg

w,f/ aemufydkif;xGufaewJh DDR2 wdkY DDR3 wkdY xGufyg

w,f/ Dual Channel Architecture udk supporting vkyfyg

w,f/

Head spreader - CRIMM (Continuity RIMM)Motherboard eJY Chipset udk Munfh&atmif/ uRefawmf

wdkY CPU a&G;NyD;NyD/ Memory a½G;NyD;NyD/ bma&G;zdkYusefwmvJ

qdk&if tJ'DaumifawGoGm;wyfr,fh motherboard a&G;zdkY vkdtyf

w,f/ tJ'Dawmh Motherboard a½G;NyDqdkuwnf;u mother-

board rSmygwJh Chipset taMumif;udk aumif;aumif; od&

r,f/ Chipset vdkYajym&if North Bridge eJY South Bridge

½dSw,f/ NyD;&if Super I/O Chip qdkwm&dSw,f/ tJ'Dawmh

North Bridge u b,folawGudk Handle vkyfvJ/ CPU

oGm;r,fhvrf;aMumif; ? RAM bufoGm;r,fh vrf;aMumif;?

PCI Bus awG? AGP Bus awGudk 'Daumifu OD;aqmifNyD;

tvkyfvkyfw,f/

South Bridge uusawmh Standard I/O interface

awGudk olu tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ t&ifwkef;u Legacy

device (Non Plug and Play) device awGjzpfwJh ISA

(Industry Standard Architecture) Bus awG? 8 bit, 16bit

ISA Bus awGudk olu Handel vkyfw,f/ Super I/O Chip

uawmh tcktopfxGufvmwJh Bus vrf;aMumif; awG?

t&ifwkef;uawmh xHk;pHtwkdif;ygwm serial vkdif;? para-llel

vkdif;? tcku serial udkyJ Universal Serial Bus (USB) /

USB ygw,f/ IEEE 1394 ygw,f/

aemufwpfcgusawmh On Board/ Built In sound Card

awGygw,f/ VGA card, RAID card, On Board/ Built In

awGygw,f/ tJ'gawGudk oyfoyf Handel vkyfzdkYtwGuf

Super I/O chip qdkwm xyfxnfhxm;w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY

'DaumifawGudk (North bridge/South Bridge/Super I/O

Chip) udk Mother Board driver vkdYvJac:w,f/ twlwlyJ/

BudKufovdkac:vdkY &w,f/ 'gaMumifh motherboard &JU Inter-

face device tm;vHk; Handel vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/

tJ'Dawmh Mother Board &JU Chipset udkodjcif;tm;jzifh

uRefawmfwkdY bmawGodvkdY&vJ/ Example ay;xm;w,f/ 850

Chipset motherboard awG? tckeajymwJh 8 series awGu

level 3 Cache ygwJh CPU oGm;xnfhvdkYr&bl;/ bmjzpfvkdYvJ/

olYrSm 'DZdkif;vkyfxm;wJh (MCC qdkwm Memory controller

Chip) tckuawmh uRefawmfwkdYu odomxif&Sm;atmifajym&if

North Bridge yJaygh/ North Bridge u Level 3 cache

twGuf 'DZdkif; vkyfrxm;wJhtwGuf tJ'DrSm oGm;xnfh&if r&

bl;/ aemuf wpfcg Memory Package Type 'godNyD;om;yJ/

FPM RAM wdkY? EDO RAM ygwmvm;? Parity ygwmvm;/

SPD Series? DDR SDRAM Series? RD RAM Series

vm;/ 'g b,folYtay:rSm rlwnfvJ/ Motherboard &JU

½dSw,f/ 72 pin SIMM ½dSw,f/

168 pin DIMM (SDRAM),

184 pin DIMM (DDR

SDRAM), 240 Pin DIMM

(DDR2 SDRAM), 184 pin

RIMM (RDRAM Series) awG

Head spreader - CRIMM (Continuity RIMM)


uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

Chipset ftay:rSm rlwnfaew,f/ 0,fvmwJh Motherboard

850 Chip Set/ usdef;aow,f/ tJ'g RD RAM Series yJ

xnfhvdkY&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh 845 Chipset, 848 Chipset, 865

Chipset, 875 Chipset awGqdk&if bmxnfhrvJ/ DDR

SDRAM awGxnfhvdkY&r,f/ tJ'DrSmrS aemufydkif;xGufwm

DDR2 &dSw,f/ DDR3 awG&dSw,f/ DDR 2/3 awGyg sup-

porting vkyfvm;? rvkyfbl;vm;/ RD RAM awG supp-

orting vkyfvm;? rvkyfbl;vm;/ tck aemufydkif;awGU&ifawmh

DDR eJY DDR-2, RD RAM awGyJ acwfpm;wm awGU&vdrfh

r,f/ tcktcsdef FPM RAM oGm;0,f&if bmjzpfrvJ/ aps;

awmif ydkBuD;aeao;w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tckcsdefrSm

r&dSawmhbl;/

'grSr[kwfbJeYJ High End System awGrSmqdk&if bmawG

xnfhvJ MunfhMunfh&atmif/ Server awGvdkrsKd;? specialize

graphic PC vdkrsKd;? 'gqdk&ifawmh uRefawmfwkdY ECC RAM

awGudk xnfhay;&r,f/ tck vuf&dSoHk;aewJh Mother board

awGrSm ECC memory udk oGm;xnfhMunfh/ tvkyf rvkyfbl;/

bmjzpfvdkYvJ/ olYudk 'DZdkif;vkyfxm;wJh memory controller

Chip u ECC twGuf handle vkyfzdkYrygbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY

xnfhvkdYr&ygbl;/

aemufwpfcg Expension Bus ? tJ'D mother board

rSmygwJh External Data Bus udk Extension vkyfxm;wm

Expension Bus ygyJ / 'DbufrSmqdk&if ISA Bus? MCA

Bus? EISA Bus? VESA VL Bus? PCI Bus? AGP Bus?

PCI-X Bus? PCI-Express Bus? 'gqdk&if 1x wefzdk;uae

16X xd½dSw,f/ 'DrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkY 16X udkyJ udk,fpm;jyK

xm;w,f/ Graphic vdkif;twGuf/ 'grsKd; Bus vrf;aMumif;

awGygvm;/ usdef;aow,f/ Pentium 3 vdkrsKd; Mother-

board 0,fr,fqdk&ifawmh EISA awGeJY PCI awGwGJvsuf

AGP Bus awGwGJvsuf awGU&vdrhfr,f/

Pentium 4 mother-board udk0,fr,f/ Pentium 3

uae Upgrade vkyfvmr,f/ sound card u ISA, Pentium

4 rSmxnfhvdkY&rvm;/ r&awmhbl;/ Pentium 4 rSm EISA

awG r&dSawmhbl;/ 'gqdk&if uRefawmfwkdY PCI card udkyJ xnfh

rSmaygh/ PCI Card xnfh &ifvnf; uRefawmfwkdYtwGuf tusKd;

rsm;ygw,f/ PCI onf Bus Mastering Architecture

t& udk,f udk,fwdkif Bus ay:rSm Handle vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/

'gaMumifhrdkY uRefawmfwkdY aemufydkif; 0,fr,fqdk&if PCI

interface eJYyJ card awG 0,fMuawmhw,f/ uJ.... tydkygwm

ACR (Advance Communication Riser) wkdY? CNR (Com-

munication and Net-working Riser) wd?kY 'Daumifu

Audio Card udk udk,fpm;jyKygw,f/ Modem Card udk

udk,fpm;jyKygw,f/ 'gu CNR Card uwfjzpfygw,f/

CNR (Communication and Networking Riser)AMD Platform uxkwfvkdY ACR (Advance Com-

munication Riser) vkdYac:w,f/ Intel Platform uac:&if

CNR (Communication and Networking Riser)

vkdYac:w,f/ Communication and Networking Riser slot

utao;av;yJ/ 'gqdk&if aemufxyfygwm UDMA66 yg

wmvm;/ UDMA100 ygwmvm;/ UDMA133 ygwm

vm;/ udk,fh&JU Motherboard rSm Serial ygwmvm;/ Serial

RAID awGygwmvm; qdkwm od&r,f/ Share Expension

Slot awGygwmvm;qdkwmod&r,f/

wpfcgwpfavus&if awGU&vdrfhr,f/ Motherboard

awGrSaMujimxm;w,f/ Motherboard Al;ay:rSm PCI Bus

uig;ckwJh/ ISA Bus uESpfckwJh/ Share Slot u wpfckwJh/

tJ'gqdk b,favmufyJ oHk;vdkY&vJ/ olu bmvJqdk&if ISA

Slot eJY PCI Slot eJY uyfoGm;wJh ae&mu Slot u wpfckyJ

oHk;vdkY&w,f/ bmjzpfvkdYvJ/ Expension Slot card u

[dkbufvSnfheJY 'DbufvSnfh ajymif;jyef/ tJ'Dawmh PCI 5

ig;ck qdk&if PCI 5 ig;ckoHk;vdkY r&bl;/ ISA ESpfckqdk&if ISA

ESpfckvHk;oHk;vdkYr&bl;/ olu Share Slot wpffckvdkY ajymxm;

w,f/ tJ'gqdk&if PCI udk uRefawmfwkdYoHk;r,fqkd&if tukef

oHk;r,f/ 5 ckoHk;r,fqdk&if ISA 1 ckyJ oHk;vdkY&r,f/ tJ'gvnf;

od&r,f/ aemufwpfckuawmh Motherboard ay:rSm

onboard VGA ygwmvm;/ LAN ygwmvm;/ IEEE 1394

ygwmvm;/ Modem ygwmvm;/ tJ'gawGod&r,f/ aemuf

On board series rSm VGA on board ygw,f/ Entry Level

PC, Budget PC uawmh aumif;aumif;oHk;vdkY &w,f/


uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

Graphic taeeJYqdk&if raumif;bl;/ 'gayr,fh LAN usawmh

ygvdkY&w,f/ tck 10 Mbps qdkwm r&dSoavmufyJ/ 100

Mbps network jzpfaeNyD/

aemufwpfcg IEEE 1394 ygvkdY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh olwkdYu

Dedicated wpfvrf;aMumif;eJY run wmawG/ uJ.... Modem

High Performance Chipset motherboard? DDR awG

supporting vkyfw,f/ DDR2 awG supporting vkyfonf/

SDRAM awG supporting vkyfw,f/ RDRAM awG

supprtiong vkyfw,f/ AGP awG supporting vkyfw,f/

AGP rSm 1X &Sdw,f/ 2X &dSdw,f/ 3X awmhr&Sdbl;/ 4X eJY

8X &Sdw,f/ 'D[mawGudk supporting vkyfr,f/ udk,f 0,fvm

wJh Motherboard u Chipset version edrfhae&if 'D[mawG

supporting vkyfvdkYr&bl;/ UDMA100 eJY UDMA133

hard disk channel awGudk supporting vkyfvdkYr&bl;/ serial

ATA awG r&bl;/ Serial ATA RAID awGr&bl;/ USB

2.0 udk supporting rvkyfbl;/ IEEE 1394 (Fire Wire)

awGudk supporting rvkyfbl;/ 'DrSm tMurf;zsOf;yJ Chipset

udk ajymEdkifygw,f/

tJ'Dawmh 486 series arhxm;vdkuf&if&NyD/ 430 Series

eJY vmw,f/ tJ'gqdk&if Pentium series rSef;odw,f/ 'D

aemufu eHygwfawGu BX wdkY LX wdkY ZX wdkY HX wdkY

'gawGjzpfEdkifw,f/ 440 Series eJYvmw,fqdk usdef;aow,f/

Pentium 2, Pentium 3/ tJ'Dawmh 'gqdk&if uRefawmfwdkYu

'D series rSef;odw,f/ uJ 8 series eJYvmw,f qdk&if Pentium

3 &Sdw,f, Pentium 4 &Sdw,f / 810 Chipset, 820 Chipset,

815 Chipset eJYvmw,fqdkusdef;aow,f/Pentium 3/ 845

Chipset, 865 Chipset, 848 Chipset, 875 Chipset eJY

vmw,fqdk usdef;aow,f/ Pentium 4 Series Motherboard

yJ/ Integrated Controller Hub (ICH) version awGrSm

trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ W version &Sdw,f/ G version &Sdw,f/ R

version &Sdw,f/ R version qdkwm bmvJ/ RAID System

ygw,fvdkYajymwm/ W version &Sdw,f/ ICH-W, tJ'gqdk&if

Wireless udk supporting vkyfwm/ tck Latest xGufaewm

ICH-7 qdkwJhaumif 7 rSm G wGJvdkufw,f/ tJ'gqdkbmvJ

graphic card on board ygw,fvdkY ajymwm/ chipset udk

MunfhwmeJY odw,f/ uJ Nine series tJ'g pentium 4

chipset Prescott h series awGyJ/ Nine series awGu

Pentium 4 with PCI express ygvmw,f/ PCI express rSm

1X wefzdk;&Sdw,f/ 16X &dSw,f/ 16X u b,folYtwGuf

oHk;wmvJ/ graphic twGuf oHk;wm/ tJ'Dawmh udk,f0,fvdkuf

wJh graphic PC qifr,fqdk&if 'DESpfckudk uRefawmfwdkYa&G;r,f/

b,folYudk a&G;rvJ/ bma&G;rvJ/ Graphic card seprate

udk a&G;rSmaygh/

'gqdk&if motherboard 0,fr,fqdk&if Processor &JU

Package Type? motherboard rSmygvmwm Pocessor

Socket Type ? Mother board rSm 0,fvmwmu slot1

type xnfhvdkYr&bl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkU Processor &JU socket

type udkvJ od&r,f/ Socket u high speed CPU awGudk

run vkyfEdkifvm; rvkyfEdkifvm;vJod&r,f/ aemuf

wpfcgus&if motherboard &JU bus speed, tcke

ajymcJhNyD;NyD/ EDB udk,f0,fvmwJh motherboard

&JU Bus speed onf Pentium 3 motherboard

udk0,fvmw,f/ tJ'Dawmh chipset Munfhvdkuf

w,f/ 820 wdkY 815 series wdkY0,fvmawmh Pen-

tium 3 motherboard uawmh[kwfNyD/ 'gayrJh

tJ'DrSm Processor b,favmufxd xnfhvdkY&vJ

qdkwm tJ'D board ay:rSm bmygvJqdk&if Multi-

plier ygw,f/ ajr§mufazmfudef; tjrifhqHk; b,f

avmufxdygvJ? 8 xdygw,f/ b,favmuf

Upgrade vkyfvdkY&vJ/ 100MHz eJUqdk b,f

avmufxd vkyfvdkY&vJ/ 800MHz xdvkyfvdkU

&w,f/ tJ'DvdkrsdK; 8 eJY ajr§mufazmfudef;ygwJh

Motherboard 0,frvm;/ 10 xd ajr§mufazmfudef;

ygwhJ motherboard 0,frvm;/ aps;csif;wlwl 10

AGP 8X Slot

PCI-Express 1X Slot


uGefysLwmtaxGaxG

xd ajr§mufazmfudef; ygwm 0,frSmaygh/ 'grS bmjzpf vJ CPU

100 MHz udk 10 eJY ajr§muf&if/ 1GHZ xdvkyfvdkY&w,f/

tJ'Dawmh EDB &JU speed udk uRefawmfwdkY a&SUrSm ajymcJhovdk

standard Bus speed odae&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh Duron wdkU?

Athlon XPwdkUrSm olY&JU standard bus speed onf 200

eJY 400 Mum;rSm &Sdw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh olu ESpfvrf;

oGm;pepfudk/

uJ 'gqdk&if Pentium 4 Base qdk b,favmuf&SdrvJ

Front Side Bus av;vrf;oGm;pepfqdkwJhtwGuf 400MHz

uae 800 MHz yJ/ Dual Channel qdk&if 800MHz

xdjzpfvmvdrfhr,f/ 'g Pentium 4 Base/ aemufwpfcgus&if

cache momery motherboard ay:rSmygwhJ Level 1 cache,

Level 2 cache, Level 3 cache awGudk supporting vkyfvm;

rvkyfvm;vdkY od&r,f/ tJ'gqdk&if cache memory u uRef

awmfwdkY a&SUrSmajymNyD;NyD/ On chip Level 2 cache ½dSw,f/

On die Level 2 cache &dSw,f/ Level 3 cache handle

design tckxGufaewJh 'gawGygvdkY &ygw,?f

tcktcsdefus&ifawmY Sound Card awGawmfawmf

rsm;rsm; ygygw,f/ 'D[mvJ oabmayguf&ygr,f/ Sound

Card 5.1 Surround Sound pepfudk Supporting vkyfw,f/

Digital pepfawGudk Supporing vkyfw,f/ tJ'gqdk&if 5.1

qdkwJY Sound yg&if tJ'gudk 6 Channel Sound vdkYac:w,f/

7.1 udkbmvdkYac:vJ 8 Channel Sound vdkYac:w,f/ tJ'g

bmajymwmvJ? Speaker wyfr,fqdk&if Speaker 5 vHk;

wyfr,fvdkY ajymwm Subwoofer wpfvHk;wpfvHk;wyfygvdkY

ajymwm/ tJ'g 5.1 Series vdkYac:w,f/ 7.1 udkbmvdkYac:vJ?

'Daumifqkd&if Sperker 7 vHk;wyfygvdkYajymwm/ Subwoofer

(1) vHk;wyfygvdkYjymwm/ 7.2 Version &Sdao;w,f/ tJ'gqdk&if

Sub woofer (2) wyfyg/ 'gawGuawmY Sound awGay:rSm

rIwnfygvdrfr,f/

aemufwpfcgus&if Surround Sound awG Supporing

vkyfr,f/ SPDIF output ygvdrfhr,f/ S w Sony udkajymwm/

P u Phillip udk ajymwm/ D u Digital Interface Format

'gbmvJqkd&if Sony eJY Phillip ukrÜPDu aygif;jyD;awmY 'D

Interface udkxkwfxm;wm/ 'grsKd; Series awGygvm;/ uJ

'gqdk&if 'D Card awGudk Installation vkyfzdkYtwGuf uRefawmf

wdkYtwGuf ta&;MuD;qHk;jyóemu 'DaumifyJ/ Big 3 prob-

lem vdkYac:w,f/ IRQ, IO Port, DMA ? t&ifwHk;u udk,f

[mudk,f Configur vkyfay;&w,f/ tcktcsdefrSm Configur

vkyfay;p&mrvdkawmYbl;/ tckaemufydkif; oHk;wJh[mawGu

Bus Mastering Device/ Bus Mastering Device qdkwm

b,fol&wmvJ/ PCI Card u&w,f/ 'gaMumifh PCI Card

udk 0,foifhw,fvdkY ajymwm/

(a&SUvqufzwfyg)&Jausmfodef; (Compu-Tech)

thHzG,f ae&m 0ifqhHvmwJh thumb drive av;wpfck

tvGef t&G,ftpm;i,fwJh [mh'f'pf (thumb drive) awG pay:vmawmh uGefysLwm tcsuftvuf ae&m0ifqHhEIef;u

tvGefenf;cJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ESpftenf;i,ftwGif; jrefjrefqefqef wdk;wufvmvdkufwm tckvnf; 12GB NANO

1"Thumb drive qdkwJh wpfvufromom (1.9_1.9_0.6 vufr) t&G,feJY tav; csdef 1.5 atmifpom&dSwJh hard

drive uav;udk Pocketec (www.pocketec.net) u xkwfvkyfvdkufygNyD/ ¤if; drive uav;udk USB port rSm

csdwfqufzdkY&m 180 'D*&D ywfvnfvSnfhay;EdkifNyD; tcsufjyay;r,fh LED rD;uav;vnf; ygygw,f/ USB2.0 eJY

USB1.1 wdkYudk toHk;jyKEdkifNyD; 0if;'dk;pfpepftwGufomru Mac uGefysLwm

rsm;rSmvnf; oHk;Edkifygw,f/ oD;jcm; yg0gay;p&mvnf; rvdkyg/

tcsuftvuf o,faqmifEIef; 7.9MB/sec eJY olY&JU vnfywfEIef; u

4200RPM jzpfygw,f/ trnf tjynfhtpHk a&;&&if 12GB Nano 1" USB

2.0 Micro Hard Drive qdkygawmh/ uJ 12GB qdkwJh storage udkawmh oif

auseyfavmufNyD xifygw,f/ MP3 oDcsif;awG? "mwfyHkawG? zdkifawG

b,favmufxnfhNyD; o,fcsifovJ/ wefzdk;uawmh 169 a':vmyg/ olYudk

xnfhzdkY tdwfuav;&,f? driver CD, USB cable eJY vrf;nTefpmtkyfvnf;

xnfhay;ygvdrfhr,f/ aemuf wpfESpfwm tmrcHvnf; &ygr,f/

uGefysLwmtbd"mef


artificial intelligence (AI) : uGefysLwmrsm;wGif yifukd

bmompum;tm; em;vnfoabmygufonfh pGrf;&nfESifh

ra&&monfh tajctaersm;atmufwGif usKd;aMumif; qif

jcifEkdifonfh pGrf;&nfuJhokdY vlYtodÓPfESifh qufET,fonfh

p½kdufvu©Pmrsm;tm; xnfhoGif;ay;jcif;jzifh uGefysLwm

pGrf;&nfukd wkd;wufaumif;rGefap&ef BudK;pm;onfh uGefysLwm

odyHÜbmom&yfe,fy,fwpfckjzpfonf/ þae&mwGif uarmuf

urEdkifonfhtcsufwpf&yfrSm urÇmhtqifhppfwk&ifxkd;jcif;

uJhokdY tvGefcJ,Of;rnf[k xifrSwfcJhaom AI application

wpfckonf arQmfvifhonfxufykdí vG,fulaeNyD; vlYbmom

pum;wpf&yftm; tjcm;bmompum;wpf&yfokdY bmom

jyefqkdjcif;uhJokdY vG,fulrnf[k xifrSwfcJhonfh AI appli-

cation wpfckonf tvGef cufcJaejcif;yif jzpfonf/

Oyrmtm;jzifh tcsdefukef aiGukefrsm;pGmcHchJNyD;onfhaemufwGif

tar&duefumuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmerS uGefysLwmpepfwpfck

onf ½k&Sbmomjzifh ]] pdwfuqE´&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh ½kyfu

tm;enf;aew,f}} [k t"dyÜm,f&aom pum;ukd ]]aAmhumu

aumif;ygw,f? 'gayrJh tom;awGu ykyfaew,f}}[k bmom

jyefqkday;cJhonf/ uGefysLwmwpfvHk;onf ]]vlwpfa,muf

NrdKUxJa&mufaeygu ol okdYr[kwf olr\b,fbuf ajc

axmufrSmvnf; NrdKUxJa&mufaeonf}} qdkaom tykdowif;

tcsuftvuf r&&Sdxm;ygu ]]rpöwmvifuGef; 0g&Sifwef

'DpDwGif &mufaeonf}} qkdaom 0gusrsKd;ukd tajz&atmif

wGufEkdifrnfr[kwf[k ÓPf&nfwkokawoeynm&Sif a'guf

*vwfpf vDeufu axmufjycJhonf/ rdrdESifhuGefysLwm

b,foluykdí vdr®myg;eyfovJ[k rdwfaqG pOf;pm;Munfhzl;

ygu qkdcJhonfh OyrmaMumifh oHo,&Sif;oGm;avmufNyD[k

,lq&ygonf/

ascender : pmvHk;ao;tu©&mwpfvHk;\ yifrukd,fxnf

(x-height ) txufwGif wufaeonfhtydkif;ukd &nfnTef;

onf/

ascending order : w,fvDzkef;rSwfwrf;ESifh ypönf;tpdwf

tykdif;rsm; rSwfwrf;uJhokdYaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd

odrf;qnf;xm;&ef? vkdovkdxkwf,ltokH;jyK&ef tcsuftvuf

bPf (database ) wpfckkukd tokH;jyKEkdifonf/ Database

twGif;okdY tcsuftvufrsm;ukd xnfhoGif;vkdufonfESifh wpf

NydKifeuf tcsuftvufrsm;ukdenf;rsKd;pHkjzifh trsKd;tpm; cGJjcm;

,lvmEkdifonf/ Oyrm-aemufqHk;trnfpmvHk;jzifh tu©&m

pOftvkduf trsKd;tpm;cJGjcm;Ekdifonf/ i,fpOfBuD;vdkuf (A,

B, C…..1,2,3 )xm;í trsKd;tpm; cGJjcm;Ekdifonf/

ASCII : tufpfuD;[k toHxGufonf/ American Standart

Code for Information Interchange ukdMunfhyg/

ASCII art : ASCII character set (ykHwGifMunfhyg/)ukdom

tokH;jyKonfh tqifhjrifhenf;ynm rD'D,HwpfcktwGif;rS tqifh

edrfh tEkynmwpf&yfjzpfonf/ Smiley rsm;onf e-mail

message rsm;teuf

pdwfcHpm;rIqkdif&mESifh

vlrIa&;qkdif&moabm

obm0rsm;ukdjznfhqnf;

ay;onf/ ( Smiley

onf ab;wkduf vJS

tdyfaeonfh rsufESm

xm;jzpfNyD; ;-) onf

aysmf&Tifaeonfh rsuf

ESm ;-( onfrsufarSmif

ukyfxm;onfh rsufESm

wkdYukd &nfñTef;onf/

uGefysLwmtbd"mef


ASCII : Application Specific Integrated Circuits ukd

Munfhyg/

aspect ratio : ykH&dyfwpfck (okdY) azmfjycsufwpfck\ tus,f

ESifhtjrihfwkdY\ qufoG,frItcsKd;ukd &nfñTef;&ef uGefysLwm

*&yfzpfwGif tokH;jyKonfhpum;vHk;jzpfonf/ *&yfzpfykH&dyf

wpfckukd t&G,ftpm;jyefjyifonfhtcg (pau;jyefcsonfhtcg)

tcsKd;ysufroGm;ap&ef aspect ratio rajymif;atmif xdef;odrf;

ay;&onf/ okdYr[kwfvQif pmvHk;rsm;? ykHrsm; tcsKd;ysufoGm;Ekdif

ygonf/

assembler : y½kd*&rfwpfckukda&;&mwGif y½kd*&rfbmom

pum;wpfckckukd tokH;jyK&onf/ ,if;bmompum; wpfckck

onf (tweftoifh avhvm½kHjzifh) rdrdem;vnfEkdifaom

ñTefMum;csufrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;onf/ okdYaomfvnf;

uGefysLwmrsm;onf wpfESifh oknrsm;(ones and zeroes )

omyg0ifonfh machine language (pufbmompum;) ac:

tjcm; bmompum;wpfrsKd;ukdvnf; em;vnfMuonf/

Assembler wpfckonf tqifhedrfh y½kd*&rfbmompum;

(assembly language) jzifh a&;om;xm;aom bmompum;

ukdpufbmompum;tjzpfokdY bmomjyefay;onf/ (Basic,

Pascal okdYr[kwf C uhJokdY) tqifhjrifh bmompum;jzifh

y½kd*&rfa&;onfhtcgwGif ,if;y½kd*&rfukd pufbmompum;

okdY bmomjyef&ef compiler wpfckukd tokH;jyK&onf/tqifh

edrfhESifh tqifhjrifhukd ½kd;½kd;ESifh½IyfaxG;ayGvD[laom pum;vHk;rsm;

[lívJGrSm;rrSwf,lrdygapESifh/ tqifhjrifhbmom pum;onf

pufbmompum;rS aemufxyfcGJxkwfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/

okdYjzpfí tqifhjrifhbmompum;qkdonfrSm vltrsm; em;vnf

&ef vG,fulaom bmompum;jzpfonf/ tqifhedrfhaom

bmompum;onf pufbmompum;ESifh eD;pyfonf/ okdYaomf

vlem;vnf&ef cufcJonf/

assembly language : uGefysLwmtokH;jyKoltm;

y½kd*&rfwpfcka&;qGJ&mwGif numeric instruction rsm;tpm;

mnemonic rsm;okH;pJGEkdif&ef jyKvkyfay;onf/ ,if;onf

tqifhedrfhy½kd*&rfbmompum;wpfckjzpfNyD; machine code

language ESifhwlonf/ Procedure-Oriented Language

wkdYESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/

START 256BEEN BALR 15 0 USING *, 15

L 3,OLDOH A3,RECPT S 3,ISSUE ST 3,NEWOH SVC DOLDOH DC F’9'RECPT DC F,4ISSUE DC FNEMOH DS FENDBEGIN

assign : (1) uGefysLwmjzifh tvkyfvkyfaeonfhumvtwGif;

tokH;jyKa&;twGuf uGefysLwmtokH;cspepf wpfpdwfwpfykdif;

(Oyrm -y&ifwmwpfck)tm; y½kd*&rfwpfckjzifh t&efoifh xm;

&Sday;jcif;jzpfonf/ Allocate onf assign ESifh tvm;wl

onf/ okdUaomfvnf; uGefysLwmjzifhtvkyfvkyfaepOf xdef;

csKyfcHxm;&NyD; owfowfrSwfrSwf [mh'f0Jwpfcktm; owfowf

rSwfrSwftcsdefwGif tjcm;y½kd*&rfokH;pJGEkdifatmif zefwD;ay;

onf/

(2) vkyfaqmifrIpepfwcsKdUu tokH;jyKaom command wpfck

jzpfonf/ tjcm; disk drive wpfckokdUoGm;&ef &nfñTef;csuf

tm;vHk;ukd owfowfrSwfrSwfdisk drive wpfckqDokdY oGm;cGifh

jyKonf/

(asterisk; star; splot) (1) DOS command wGif * udk

Wildcard tjzpf tokH;jyKonf/ Directory trnf okdY r[kwf

file trnfrsm;ukd &nfñTef;tokH;jyK&mwGif directory tm;vHk;

okdYr[kwf file tm;vHk;ukd,fpm; tokH;jyKonf/

uGefysLwmtbd"mef


asterisk (Ä) : 1/ oauFwwpfckukd ñTef;qkd&eftokH;jyKaom

oauFwwpfckjzpfonf/ Oyrm search feature (&SmazGcsuf

wpf&yf) vkyfay;aomy½kd*&rfwGif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY &SmazG&ef

twGuf þoauFwrsm;ukd tokH;jyKEdkifonf/ bookstore,

book-keeper, bookish paom pum;vHk;rsm;ukd rdrdokH;ae

onhf y½kd*&rfwGif &SmazGEkdifonf/ vkH;csif;pmvHk;rsm;twGuf

tokH;rsm;onfhoauFwrSm (?) jzpfonf/

2/ Disk wpfckrSaeí zkdifrsm;ukdrdwåLul;jcif;? zsufjcif;jyKonfh

tcgwGif zkdiftkyfpkwpfckukd a&G;cs,fowfrSwf&mwGifvnf;

asterisk ukd tokH;rsm;onf/

Oyrm-*.BAK [laom ½kdufcsufonf .BAK ygonfh zkdif

tm;vHk;ukd qkdvkdonf/ *.* (pwm;-a'gh-pwm; [k toHxGuf

onf/) qkdvQif zkdiftm;vHk;[k qkdvkdygonf/

3/ ocsFmyHkaoenf;rsm;wGif ajr§mufjcif;ukd ñTefjyonfhtcg

(*) ukd tokH;rsm;ygonf/

4/ wpfcgwpf&H pmpDpm½kduf y½kd*&rfrsm;ü foot note tjzpf

tñTef;jyKvkyf tokH;jyKonf/ ****

5/ e-mail message wGifvnf; tokH;jyKonf/ Eat****anddie!6/ under line wm;&efvdkaom ae&mtcsKdUwGif underline

wm;&ef tqifrajyygu &nfñTef;tokH;jyKonf/

asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) : tcsuftvuf

rsm;tm; cell rsm; okdYr[kwf ykHaot&G,ftpm;&Sd packet rsm;

jzifh vJTajymif;rItay: tajccHonfh uGef&ufenf;ynmwpf&yf

jzpfonf/ enf;ynma[mif;rsm;tokH;jyKonfh unit rsm;ESifh

EIdif;,Ofygu ATM tokH;jyKonfhcell rsm;rSm t&G,ftpm;

ao;i,fonf/ ao;i,fonfhyHkrSef cell t&G,ftpm;rsm;

onfATM equipment tm; wlnDonfhuGef&ufay:rSaeí

video,audio ESifh uGefysLwmtcsuftvufrsm;tm; xkwfvTifh

cGifhjyKonf/ rnfonfhtcsuftvuf trsKd;tpm;wpfckurQ

vkdif;wpfckvkH;ukd avmbwBuD;rokH;pGJEkdifatmif tmrcHcsufay;

onf/ avmavmq,f taumiftxnfazmfxm;onfh ATM

rsm;onf tcsuftvufajymif;EIef;ukd 25 mbps (mega-bit

per second) rS 622 mbps txd taxmuftuljyKonf/

þtcsufonf LAN trsm;pktwGuf vuf&SdtokH;jyKaeonfh

enf;ynmjzpfonfh Ethernet 100 mbps ESifh EIdif;,Ofí&

onf/ ATM onf Internet bandwidth jyóemtwGuf

ajz&Sif;csufukd udkifaqmifxm;onf[k wcsKdUuxifMuonf/

okdYaomfvnf; r,HkMuolrsm;vnf; &SdaeMuonf/ ATM onf

tcsuftvufajymif;rI pwifonfhtcgwkdif; point ESpfck

tMum; ykHaochannel okdYr[kwfroute wpfckudk zefwD;ay;

onf/ þtcsuftvufonf TCP/IP ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;

onf/ TCP/IP wGif message rsm;ukd packet rsm;tjzpf

cGJjcm;onf/ packet wpfckpDonf pwifonfhae&m(source)

rS qkdufa&muf&mae&m (destination) txd uGJjym;jcm;em;

onfh route wpfckudk &,lEkdifonf/ þuGJjym;jcm;em;rI ATM

uGef&ufwpfcGifwGif tcsuftvufokH;pJGrIrsm;ukd ajc&maumuf

aiGawmif;cH&mwGif ykdrdkvG,fulaponf/ odkUaomfvnf; uGef

&uftoGm;tjyef vrf;aMumif;twGif; ½kwfw&uf tokH;rsm;rI

rsm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDaxGatmif pDrHEkdifpGrf;enf;yg;&onf/

ATM service ukd 0,f,lonfhtcgwGif a,bk,staejzifh

a&G;cs,fp&mtrsKd;tpm;av;rsKd;&Sdonf/ Constant bit rate

(CBR) - onf ykHao bit rate udkowfrSwfjy|mef;onf/ okdY

jzpfí tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ykHrSefpD;qif;EIef;jzifh ay;ykdYonf/

þtcsufonf tiSm;okH;pJGonfh vkdif;wpfckESifh qifwlonf/

Varible bit rate (VBR) - onf owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;onfh

tcsuftvufajymif;EIef;wpf&yfukd jznfhqnf;ay;onf/

okdUaomfvnf; tcsuftvufrsm;ukd wpfnDwpfnmwnf; ay;

ykdYjcif; r&Sdyg/þtrsKd;tpm;onf toHESifh AD'D,kdaqG;aEG;yJG

tcsuftvufrsm;twGuf vlBudKufrsm;onfhtrsKd;tpm;

jzpfonf/ Unspecified bit rate (UBR) - onf rnfonfh

tcsuftvuf ajymif;EIef;tqifhukdrQ tmrrcHyg/ þtrsKd;

tpm;ukd zkdifvJTajymif;rIuhJokdY aESmifhaES;rIrsm;ukd pdwfr&Snfonfh

application rsm;twGuf tokH;jyKonf/ Available bit rate

(ARB) – onf tmrcHcsuf&Sdonfh tedrfhqHk;tcsuftvuf

ajymif;EIef;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; uGef&uf

tvkyftm;vyfonfhtcgwGif tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ykdíjrifhrm;

onfh tcsuftvufajymif;EIef;jzifh vJTajymif;cGifhjyKonf/

ATM Transfer and switchingexperimentation system

uGefysLwmtbd"mef


asynchronous transmission : tcsuftvufrsm;

xkwfvTifhonfh ykHpHwpf&yfjzpfonf/ wpfBudrfvQif character

wpfck xkwfvTifhonf/ Character wpfckESifhwpfck xkwfvTifhrI

Mum;wGif tcsdeftajymif;tvJ&Sdonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh

rkd'rfrSwpfqifh xkwfvTifh&mwGif tokH;jyKonf/ Asynchro-

nous transmission onf owfowfrSwfrSwf tcsdefykdif;rsm;

jzifh character rsm;ukd cGJjcm;&ef,lepfrsm;ukd ay;ykdYvufcHEkdif

aponfh? cJGa0okH;pJGonfh timer wpfcktay:wGif rSDckd&efrvkdtyf

onfhtwGuf xkwfvTifhvkdufonfh character wpfckpDwGif

(character ukd,fwkdifjzpfonfh) data bit ta&twGufwpfck

yg&Sdonf/ ,if; data bit rsm;\a&SUwGif start bit [kac:onfh

‘’begin character “ signal wpfckyg&Sdonf/ Data bit

rsm;qkH;oGm;vQif optional parity bit wpfckvmonf/,if;

parity bit aemufwGif stop bit [k ac:onfh ‘’end character

“signal 1 okdYr[kwf 1.5 okdYr[kwf 2 jzifh tqHk;owfonf/

AT : 16-bit 80286 y½kdqufqmukd okH;aom IBM u

pwifOD;aqmifxkwfvkyfonfh uGefysLwmjzpfonf/ AT onf

IBM \Advanced Technology personal computer ukd

&nfñTef;onf/ okdYaomf ,cktcg 80286, 80386, 80486

tygt0if 16-bit okdYr[kwf 32-bit y½kdqufqmokH;aom

IBM PC pHcsdefESifh vkdufzufnDaom rnfonfhuGefysLwmukd

rqkd ac:qkd&nfñTef;onf/

ATA : Fast Advanced Technology Attachment ukd

twkdaumufac:aom trnfjzpfonf/ EIDE enf;ynm

wpf&yfjzpfNyD; drive controller vkyfaqmif&nfukd SCSI

enf;ynmvkyfaqmif&nfrsKd;ESifh eD;pyfatmif zefwD;ay;onf/

þenf;ynmtm; rGrf;rHrIrsm;wGif Fast ATA-2 vnf;

yg0ifonf/ Fast ATA-2 onf tcsuftvufrsm;ukd 16.6

mbps EIef;jzifh ajymif;a&TUay;Ekdifonf/

ATAPI : Advanced Technology Attachment PacketInterface \ twkdaumufjzpfonf/ CD ROM rsm;? Top

dive rsm;ukd ½kd;½kd; IDE ATA PART rsm;wGif wyfqiftokH;jyK

Ekdif&ef ‘'DZkdif;jyKvkyfxm;onf/ ATAPI hardware rsm;vnf;

aps;csKdomNyD; ,aeYtxdtokH;jyKaeqJ adapter rsm;wGif tqkd

yg enf;ynmukd okH;pJJGvsuf&Sdonf/ CD-ROM rsm;twGuf

ATAPI onf CPU resource tenf;i,fukdokH;pJ G&ef

oifhawmfonf/ Adapter jzpfaomfvnf; jrefqefpGm aqmif

&Gufjcif; r&Sdyg/ Tape drive rsm;twGufqkdygu ATAPI

onf floppy drive rsm;tokH;jyKjcif;xuf jrefqefrIESifh pdwfcs

&rIukd ay;ygonf/

Fast Advanced TechnologyAttachment (ATA)

Atari ST : Atari aumfykda&;&Sif;rS jyKvkyfaom uGefysLwm

trsKd;tpm;rsm; jzpfonf/Atari ST uGefysLwmrsm;onf

68000 range of processor rsm;ukd tokH;jyKonf/ IBM

PC rsm;ESifh qufpyfokH;pGJí r&acs/

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf/)

uGefysLwm*sme,f {NyDv? 2007 ckESpff134

tqifh (1)

134

tqifh (2)

tqifh (3)

Image topfudk tjzLa&mif background

eJYpyg/ tvkyfudk us,fus,fvGifhvGifh vkyfvdkY&

atmif 800x 800 px t&G,fxm;yg/ New Layer

button udk ESdyfNyD; Layer topfjyKvkyfxm;yg/

'D tutorial u tentacles erlemu plastic toGif

&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh oifvdk&m b,fvdk trsKd;tpm;

udkrqdk zefwD;vdkY &ygw,f/ ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;

tjyif ajymifvufwJh chrome tvif;ayguf

glass zefom; pwmrsKd;awG vkyfvdkY&w,f/

Toolbar ay:u Polygon Lasso udka&G;jcif;jzifh

pwifvkdufyg/ OD;cRefatmufpkdufaewJh Bwd*H

wpfckqGJyg/ Zoom out vkyfzdkY vkd&if vdkvdrfhr,f/

Bwd*H&&if oifvdkcsifwJhta&mifeJY fill jznfh&r,f/

'DerlemrSmawmh # 8FCFFF udk oHk;xm;w,f/

Ctrl +D ESdyfNyD; deselect vkyfyg/

aysmhaysmif; vdrf,SufaewJh qifESmarmif;yHk? EG,fyHk?a&b0JvufwH"tentacle"

'DZkdif;awGudk wall

papers awG?splash pagesawGrSm jrifzl;MurSmyg/yHkrSeftm;jzifhawmhtJ'gawG zefwD;zdkY3D modelingy½dk*&rfawG oHk;&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fhvkyfwwfr,fqdk&ifoif[m tJ'gawGudkPhotoshop eJYwifzefwD;vdkY&ygw,f/b,fvdk 3D

application rSrvdkygbl;/'Denf;rSm tNyD;owfyHku tNrJwrf;wpfyHkpHwnf;awmhrxGufbl;/ usyef;jzpfaer,f/ 'gayr,fhMunfhaumif;rSmuawmhaocsmygw,f/

aemuf Filter > Distort > Shear odkY oGm;

yg/ 'Dae&mrSm oifvkyfzdkYvdkwmu Bwd*Hudk yHkrSm

jyxm;wJhtwkdif; wGefYwGefYvdrfvdrf yHkpHjzpfapzdkY

shear dialog box u rsOf;vkdif;udk click ESdyf?

[dkqGJ 'DqGJ vkyfzdkYyJ/ pdwfBudKuf&wJhtcg OK udk

click ESdyfvdkufyg/

tck Free Transform (Ctrl+T) udkoHk;NyD;

oifh&JU a&b0JvufwHudk oifhpdwfBudKuf vSnfh

wm? t&G,fajymif;wm? yHkoGifajymif;wmawG jyK

uGefysLwm*sme,f {NyDv? 2007 ckESpff 135

tqifh (4)

tqifh (5)

135

vkyfyg/ oif[m ukd,fhvuf&m udk,fjyefMunfhNyD; yDwdjzmae

r,fqdkwm oHo,r&Sdygbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dtqifhxd oifh&JU

vuf&mu ½dk;pif; jym;csyfNyD; NiD;aiGYp&m jzpfaeao;w,f/

(oifh&JU pdwful;ylazmif;av;ukd azmufrdwJhtwGuf aqm&D;yg)

Brush udk udkifzdkY tcsdefusygNyD/ Brush tool udk a&G;yg/ F5

ESdyfNyD; Brushes Palette udkac:yg/ Palette menu uaeNyD;

Drop Shadow brush udk ac:,lyg/ tem;zGmwJh brush

wpfckck a&G;yg/ Foreground ta&mifukd rlvta&mifxuf

enf;enf;&ifhwm a&G;yg/

a&b0JvufwH&SdwJh Layer thumbnail tay: Ctrl +

click acgufNyD; selection ,lxm;yg/ New Layer button

udk ESdyfNyD; Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ Selection &JU tem;pGef;awG

udk brush eJY vdkufí jc,foyg/

Filter > Blur > Gaussian Blur odkY oGm;yg/ erlemyHkrSm

13 pixel xm;ygw,f/ Layer mode udk Normal uae

Luminosity odkYajymif;yg/ Opacity udk 50% ay;yg/

Selection rjyKwfygapeJYOD;/ Layer topf xyfíjyKvkyf

yg/ Selection &JU tem;pGef;awGudk brush eJY t&ifvkyfief;pOf

twdkif; xyfrH jc,foyg/

tck highlight jc,foygr,f/ Selection rjyKwfao;cif

Layer topf xyfvkyfyg/ Foreground udk tjzLa&mifxm;NyD;

'Dwpfcgawmh selection &JU tv,fydkif;rSm Munhfaumif;atmif

jc,foyg/ xHk;pHtwdkif; Blur eJY Layer mode tajymif;tvJ

udk Munfhaumif;atmif upm;Munfhyg/


tqifh (6)

tck tem;pGef;rSm tenf;i,f ydkíeufarSmifatmif vkyf

Mur,f/ rlv a&b0JvufwH&Sd&m Layer udk active jzpfatmif

vkyfyg/ Ctrl + click eJY selection ,lyg/ oifh&JU Foreground

color udk ydkNyD;eufarSmifwJh tjyma&mifxm;yg/ Edit > Stroke

odkYoGm;NyD; 2px 'grSr[kwf Munfhaumif;atmif xm;yg/

Layer palette u Create New Group udkESdyfNyD; Layer

Set jyKvkyfyg/ ckeu Layer awGudk Layer Group xJ qGJxnhf

yg/

tJ'D Layer group udk vkdoavmuf Duplicate Layer

vkyfNyD; Ctrl + T eJY resize, rotate, shear, Free Transform

trsKd;rsKd; jyKvkyfyg/ Layer blending udk upm;Munfhyg/

tqifh (7)

tqifh (8)

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A

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problem has been detected

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these steps.Check for viruses,

remove any recently installed

HDs or HD controllers; check

your HD to make sure it is

properly configured and

termina-ted. Run CHKDSK /

F to check HD for corruption

and then re-start. Technical

info :-***STOP:0X 0000007B,

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A

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uRefawmhf uGefysLwmrSm

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stall) odkYr[kwf jzKwfvdkufwdkif;

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uRefawmf&JU Dell notebook

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dows Application Errror. The

instruction at "0x 77f88216"

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uGefysLwmtar;tajz

uRefawmhf uGefysLwmrSm

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restore vkyf,lEdkifygw,f/ yxr

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Defrag vkyfr&awmhyg

A

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Defragmentation qdkonfrSm

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wpfppDuGJxGufaeaom zdkifrsm; odkYr[kwf odkavSmifrItpDtpOfudk

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memory awmif;cHrI xm;&Sdwwfygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh Of-

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udk vnf;aumif;? Windows Me odkYr[kwf Windows NT

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memory rS 25 MB udk toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ Windows XP

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click vkyfvkdufyg/ Box twGif;rS "Show Standard and

Formatting toolbar on two rows" udk check vkyfvdkufyg/

NyD;vQif Close cvkwfudk ESdyfay;vdkuf&onf/ Word 2000

wGifrl box twGif;ü "Standard and Formatting tool-

bars share one row" [k &Sdaernfjzpfojzifh uncheck vkyf

ay;vdkufyg/

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wpfckxm;jcif;Annoyance

Document wpfckukd zGifh,lcJhvQif wpfcgwpf&H Close

button udk standard bar ay:wGif &Sdaeapvkdonf/ okdYaomf

tNrJwrf; &Sdaejcif; r[kwfay/

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xm;aom rnfonfh item udkrqdk tvG,fwul jyefvnf

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udk a&G;um Customize udk ESdyfNyD; Command tab udk

click vkyfvkduf&rnf/ xkdYaemuf "Save in" drop-down

pm&if;rS document odkYr[kwf template udk a&G;,lyg/

Item wpfckckudk tpm;xkd;ae&mcsxm;&ef command udk

drag vkyfí oifhavsmfaom menu odkYr[kwf toolbar

qDokdY drag vkyfoGm;&onf/ Menu udk reset vkyf&ef

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set udk a&G;aumufvkdufyg/ Toolbar wpfckudk reset

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mize dialog box twGif;rS Modify Selection button

udk ESdyf,l&onf/ xkdYaemuf atmufyg nTefMum;csuf

wpfckckudk ta&;,l aqmif&Gufay;&onf/

À Figure 1.11 wGif jyxm;ouJhodkY image ajymif;&ef

Button Edition udk toHk;jyK&onf/ Edit Button

Image udk click vkyfvdkufyg/ wpfcsdefwnf;wGif pixel

wpfckudk edit vkyfEkdifonf/ okdYr[kwf zsufxkwfNyD;

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À Change Button Image item udk ESdyfNyD; panel ay:rS

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box udk toHk;cs,lyg/ tu,fí Close All button wpfckudktvkd&SdcJhvQif standard toolbar ay:wGif jznhfoGif;,lEkdifonf/

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documents porthole obm0odkY ajymif;oGm;aponf/

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aeapEkdifygu rdrdqEjynhfoGm;rnfom jzpfonf/ xkdae&mwGif

vuf&Sd toolbar wpfckay:wGif jzpfap Custom toolbar wpfck

ay:wGifjzpfap wnfaqmuf,lEdkifonf/ zefwD;yHkrSm atmufyg

twkdif; jzpfonf/

1/ tpOfojzifh toHk;jyKwwfaom toolbars rsm;tm;vHk;udk

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aom document odkYr[kwf template udk jyay;jcif; &Sd

r&Sd ppfaq;yg/ (þae&mwGif Normal.dot onf omref

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xkdYaemuf OK udk click ESdyfvkdufyg/

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vkyfí ydwfvkdufyg/

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wpfckpDudk tjcm; toolbars rsm;rS topfvkyfxm;aom

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rS Normal template odkY ajymif;a&TU save vkyf&ef prompts

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documents rsm; zefwD;Ekdifapvkdonfh rSef;qcsufjzifh tvdk

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3.5 USING THE IMAGE ICON IN JAVA

JAVA DEVELOPER GUIDE

Listing 3.17 Demonstrate the JAVA ImageIcon

1. import javax.swing.*;

2.

3. public class icon extends JFrame {

4. JButton [ ] buttons = new JButton [25] ;5. public icon ( ) {6. Super ("Demonstrate the Image Icon in JAVA") ;7. setsize (480,380);8. setDefault Close Operation (JFrame.EXIT_ ON_

CLOSE);9. JPanel pane = new JPanel ( ) ;

10. Image Icon ic = new Image Icon ("fo ood.GIF"); /* this. GIF image is

11. include in the C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\Bin\fo ood.GIF,if this image is not include

12. you will use to another image.GIF type */13.14. for (int i = 0; i < 25; i + +) {15. buttons [i ] = new JButton (ic);16. pane.add (buttons [i]) ;17. }18. set ContentPane (pane);19. show ( ) ;

20.21. }22.23. public static void main (String [ ] args) {24. icon c = new icon ( );25. }

26. }

uJ Image Icon eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh ydkYcs&mrSm tus,fcsJU

r&Sif;jycifrSm tay:rSma&;jycJhwJh Listing 3.17 ukd t&ifqHk;

avhvmMunfhvkdufygOD;/ 'Doifcef;pmrSm JAVA Image Icon

awGudk b,fvdkrsKd; zefwD;&,lEkdifovJqdkwmudk awGYjrif&rSmyg/

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Figure 3.21.1 The Icon image

Figure 3.21.2 Open With the Paint ProgramUsing the Icon Image

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Figure 3.21.3Opening the

PaintProgram,the

Icon Image isShowing

Figure 3.21.5 To Select the GIF (*.GIF) FileType in Save As Dialog Box.


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type ukd ajymif;vJypfzdkYygyJ/ azmfjyxm;wJh Figure udk avhvm

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Button ukdESdyfyg/

tJ'DtcgrSm *.Ico Image Type uaeNyD;awmh *.GIF

Image Type udk ajymif;vJNyD;rS Save vkyfvkdufwJhtwGuf

Some loss of Color Information jzpfoGm;wmawGudk

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Button udk ESdyfvkdufyg/ ay;vmr,fh Message Box udk

azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/

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Icon Type Image yHkpHtjyif atmufazmfjyygyHkeJY Software

.GIF qdkwJh Image udkyg .* GIF File_type eJY wnf&Sdaewmudk

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Figure 3.21.6 Prompt the Message, Changingthe File Type of *. Ico Image

uJ 'D Message Box rSmyg0ifwJh Yes_Button ukd ESdyf

vdkufNyD qdkygpkdYaemf/ color Information tcsKdU[m ajymif;vJ

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avhvmMunfhvdkufyg/ owdjyKrdygvdrfhr,f/

Figure 3.21.7 *.GIF color format

type is cause somelost color

information

tckazmfjyxm;wJh Image Icon av;udk pmzwfol&JU

C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01 \Bin qdkwJh folder xJrSmawGYjrif&rSmyJ/

'Dawmh tJ'D GIF Image &JU properties udkodcsif&if Image

udk R-click acgufNyD;awmh ay:vmwJh Pop-up Menu xJu

atmufqH k;rSm yg0ifwJ h Properties udk a&G;cs,fyg/

tJ'Dtcgus&if Software qdkwJh Image jzpfwJhtwGuf

Software Properties qdkNyD;awmh Properties Dialog Box

ay:vmrSmyg/ Figure 3.21.8 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;

ygw,f/

Figure 3.21.8 The GIF Image

Figure 3.21.8The propertieswindows.*GIFType of Image

NyD;&ifawmh tckazmfjyxm;wJh Paint Program &JU nm

buf tay:axmifhrSm&SdwJh Close Button udkydwfíjzpfap?

tckazmfjyxm;wJh Figure 3.21.8 [m Image &JU File_

type udk *. GIF Type tjzpf ajymif;vJay;NyD;awmhrS File_

type , File Size tp&SdwmawGudk avhvmvdkY&atmif azmfjyay;


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

xm;wJh properties windows ygyJ/ avhvmMunfhyg/ uJ'gqdk

&ifawmh rdrdESpfoufwJh tjcm; File_type rsm;udk .*GIF trsKd;

tpm; File_type tjzpf &&Sdatmif ajymif;vJwwfoGm;rSm jzpf

ygw,f/ 'Dawmh pmzwfol&JU computer xJrSm&SddwJh rdrdESpfouf

wJh picture awGudk ajymif;vJ xnfhoGif; toHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/

'gqdk&ifawmh qufvufNyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/

Listing 3.17 rSm a&;om;xm;wJh Demonstrate the JAVA

Image Icon qdkwJh oifcef;pmudk Analysis vkyfNyD;awmh avh

vmMunfhMu&atmif/

Analysis1/ vkdif;eHygwf (1) rSm Swing package udk import vkyf

ac:,lxm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh JFrame Class udk extends

vkyfNyD;awmh icon qdkwJh primary class udk a&;om;zefwD;

xm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dh primary class xJrSmrS Demisional

Array Method eJY JButton [ ] udk zefwD;ygw,f/

Array ta&twGufuawmh [25] ckyg/ tJ'gNyD;awmh icon

( ) qdkwJh constructor function udk zefwD;ygw,f/

tJ'D constructor function xJrSm zefwD;r,fh program

rSm yg0if&r,fh [Title bar rSm yg0if&r,fh text] &,f?

Windows Frame &JU Width & Height t&G,ftpm; ?

aemufNyD;awmh Windows udk Close vkyfzdkY Set Default

Close Operation ( ) method tp &SdwmawGudk xnfh

oGif; a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (9)

rS JPanel udk object_Name pane tjzpf zefwD; ac:,l

ygw,f/ uJ 'Dtxd &Sif;NyDaemf/

2/ vkdif;eHygwf (10) rSmawmh ImageIcon udk zefwD;&,lzdkY

twGuf atmufygtwkdif; a&;om;xm;ygw,f/

¤if; Image wnf&Sd&m path vrf;aMumif;udk " " Double

quote ESpfckMum;wGif a&;om;&rnfjzpfonf/ vkdif;eHygwf

(9) u code_line uawmh C:\ j2sdk 1.4.1.01\bin xJ

u jzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh path vrf;aMumif; xnfha&;

p&m rvdkygbl;/

tJ'Daemufu a&;xm;wJh /* cHNyD; a&;xm;wmuawmh

comments ygyJ/ xnfhra&;vnf;&ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf

(12) txd a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ */ ydwfxm;wJhtxdyg

yJ/ xnfha&;&ifvnf; Java Compiler u todtrSwf

rjyKygbl;/ vkdif;eHygwf (14) rSmrS for looping udk toHk;

jyKNyD;awmh tay:rSm Declare vkyfcJhwJh JButtons [ ]

awGudk y,fxkwfygw,f/ 'D looping yg0ifwJh vrf;

aMumif;udkawmh ta&SUoifcef;pmawGrSm awGYjrifzl;NyD;om;

jzpfwJhtwGuf tus,fcsJUNyD;awmh r&Sif;jyawmhygbl;/

Note : owdjyK&r,fhtcsufuawmh vkdif;eHygwf (4) rSm

JButton [ ] udk object_Name buttons vdkY trnf

ay;xm;wmaemf/ vkdif;eHygwf (10) rSmusawmh Image

Icon udk object_Name ic vkdY trnfay;xm;wmaemf/

'gaMumifh vkdif;eHygwf (16) rSm

pane.add (buttons [i]);

a&;om;xm;wmyg/ tJ'Drwkdifcif vkdif;eHygwf (15)

rSmvnf; Button [ ] awGxJudk Image Icon awG

yg0ifvmzdkYtwGuf

buttons [i] = new JButton (ic);

vdkY a&;om;xm;wmygyJ/

uJ 'Dtxd &Sif;NyDaemf/ 'gqdk&if qufvuf avhvmMunfh

Mu&atmifvm;/

3/ usefwJh code_line awGu taxGtxl; &Sif;jyp&mrvdkwJh

twGuf main ( ) function udkyJ qufvuf avhvmMu

&atmifvm;/ main ( ) function xJrSmawmh tay:rSm

zefwD;cJhwJh primary class icon udk object_Name ic

vkdY trnfay;NyD;awmh ac:,lvdkufwmygyJ/ vkdif;eHygwf

(24) rSm avhvmMunfhyg/

uJ 'gqkd&ifawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY listing 3.17 udk

Analysis vkyfNyD; avhvmMunfhwm em;vnf oabmayguf

oGm;rSmyg/ 'Dawmh 'D code_line awGudk Notepad rSmoGm;NyD;

a&;om;Mu&atmif/ Notepad xJrSm code_line awG a&;

om;NyD;oGm;&if icon.java qdkNyD;awmh File_Name ay;NyD;

save vkyf&ygr,f/ File udk Save vkyf&r,fh path uawmh

txufygtwkdif; a&;om;vdkufygu C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_

01\bin folder xJ&Sd wnf&Sdaeaom foood.GIF Image

udkom ac:,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ tjcm;aom folder

_path vrf;aMumif;xJ&Sd .*GIF Image udk &,lcsifygu

Image Icon ic = new ("foood. GIF");ImageIcon

xnfhoGif;vkdonf*.GIF type

Image &Sdonfhae&m? path

vrf;a Mumi f ;u d k xnf h

oGif;vQifvnf;&onf/ Oyrm

["C:\j2sdk1.4.1.01\-bin\foood.GIF"]

↑


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

C:\j2sdk 1.4.1.01 \bin xJrSmaemf/ uJ code_line awGudk

a&;om;NyD;awmh save vkyffxm;yHkudk Figure 3.21.9 taeeJY

a&;om;azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/ 'D program

rSm AWT package udk jzKwfxm;wJhtwGuf

import java.awt. *;

qdkwJh code_line [m ryg0ifygbl;/ 'gudk oabmayguf

w,faemf owdxm;Munfhyg/

java icon ↵Program udk compile & Run vkyfyHkudk Figure 3.21.10 taeeJY

azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/

icon.java qdkwJh File udk C: \ j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin atmuf

rSm save vkyfNyD;&if command Prompt <DOS> xJudk 0ifNyD;

&if atmufyg command eJY compile vkyfyg/ compile rvkyf

cifrSm-

CD C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin ↵qdkNyD;rS DIR ukd change vdkufygOD;/ NyD;rS atmufyg com-

mand eJY compile vkyfyg/

javac icon.java ↵tu,fí compile vkyfpOfrSm Error wufvm&if vkdif;eHygwf

udk rSwfxm;NyD; icon.java qdkwJh Notepad xJrSmoGm;NyD;awmh

jyifyg/ NyD;&if Save As jyefvkyfNyD;rS txufyg command

eJY compile jyefvkyfyg/

Note : 'gaMumifh uRefawmfuawmh Notepad a&m com-

mand Prompt udka&m wpfNydKifeuf zGifhxm;NyD;rS

compile & Run vkyfapcsifygw,f/ 'grSom error

wufvm&if tcsdefukefoufomrSm jzpfygw,f/

uJ error r&Sdawmhbl;bJ qdkMuygpdkY/ atmufyg command

eJY program udk Run vkyfyg/

Figure 3.21.9 Write the program code_line InNotepad

uJ Figure 3.21.10 rSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; compile

& Run vkyfvkduf&ifawmhcomputer screen &JU b,fbuf

tay:axmifhrSm atmufygtwkdif; Demonstrate the Image-

Icon in JAVA qdkwJh Title Bar eJY program [m Run aerSm

ygyJ/

Figure 3.21.10 Compile & Run of the icon.javaprogram

uJ 'gqdk&ifawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY Image Icon awGudk

JAVA Language eJY b,fvdk zefwD;,lvdkY&w,fqdkwmudk

oabmaygufoGm;avmufygNyD/ 'Dawmh pmzwfol ESpfoufwJh

Image yHkawGudk File_type ajymif;NyD;awmh xnfhoGif; toHk;

jyKEkdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh qufvufNyD;awmh 3.6 Using the

Password Field In JAVA qdkwJh oifcef;pmudk ydkYcsay;xm;yg

w,f/ qufvufavhvmMuygpdkY/

Figure 3.21.11 Running the icon.java program


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

3.6 USING THE PASSWORD FIELD IN JAVA

Listing 3.18 Using the Password Field in JAVA

1. import javax. swing.*;2.3. public Class form extends javax. swing .JFrame {4.5. J Text Field username = new JText Field (15) ;6. JPassword Field password = new JPassword

Field (15);7. JTextArea comments = new JTextArea (4,15);8.9. public form ( ) {

10. super ("Using the password Field in JAVA");

11. setsize (300,200);

12. setDefault Close Operation (JFrame. EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

13. JPanel pane = new JPanel ( ) ;

14. JLabel usernamelabel = new Jlabel("UserName:");

15. JLabel passwordlabel = new Jlabel("Password:");

16. JLabel commentslabel = new JLabel("Comments:");

17. Comments.Setline Wrap (true) ;18. Comments .Set Wrap Style Word (true) ;19. pane. add (username label);20. pane.add (username);21. pane.add (passwordlabel);22. pane.add (password);

23. pane.add (commentslabel);24. pane.add (comments);

25. set Content Pane (pane) ;

26.

27. show ( ) ;

28. }

29. public static void main (string [ ] args) {

30. form f = new form ( ) ;

31. }

32. }

Listing 3.18 taeeJY a&;jyxm;wJh program code_line

awGudk t&ifqHk; Analysis vkyfMunfhMu&atmifvm;/ NyD;rS

vufawGY wnfaqmufMunfhMuwmaygh/

Analysis1/ Program &JUtprSm swing components awGudk ac:,l

toHk;csEkdifzdkY Swing package udk import vkyfNyD;awmh

xnfhoGif;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh primary class form qdkwm

udk zefwD;ygw,f/ zefwD;&mrSmvnf; javax.swing

.JFrame Class ukd extends vkyfxm;wmaemf/ 'Dvdk

extends vkyfxm;&mrSm

public class form extends javax.swing.JFrame {vdkY a&;jcif;eJY

public class form extends JFrame {vkdYa&;jcif;[m twlwlygyJ/ 'Dawmh tJ'D Class udk quf

vufNyD;awmh avhvmMunfhMu&atmifvm;/

username vdkY object_variable_Name ay;xm;wJh

JTextField u wpfck

password vdkY object_variable_Name ay;xm;wJh

JPassword Field uwpfck

comments vdkY object_variable_Name ay;xm;wJh

JText Area u wpfckudk ac:,lxnfhoGif;ygw,f/ tJ'D

ae&mrSm JText Field eJY JTextArea uawmh ta&SUu

NyD;cJhwJh program awGrSm toHk;jyKzl;NyD;om;yg/ JPass-

word Field uawmh tck oifcef;pmrSmrS toHk;jyK

zl;wmyg/

vkdif;eHygwf (9) rSmrS form ( ) qdkwJh constructor

function udk a&;om;ygw,f/ tJ'D constructor

function xJrSmrS Title Text taeeJY yg0if&r,fh pmom;udk

super ("Using the Password Field in JAVA");

vdkY a&;om;ygw,f/ Super ( ) method [m JFrame

Class xJrSm yg0ifygw,f/ ta&SUoifcef;pmrSmvnf;

yg0ifNyD;om;yg/ tJ'Daemuf Frame &JU t&G,ftpm;udk

SetSize (300,200) ;qdkNyD;rS owfrSwfygw,f/ tJ'D Frame udk EXIT_ON_

CLOSE vkyfEkdifzdkYtwGuf

SetDefault Close Operation ( ) method ukd ac:,l

toHk;csygw,f/

2/ vkdif;eHygwf (12) rSmrS JPanel Class udk object_Name

pane qdkwJh trnfay;NyD; ac:,lygw,f/ tJ'Daemuf

Jlabel udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh Label Box oHk;ckudk zefwD;yg

w,f/ olwdkY&JU Name awGuawmh

Usernamelabelpassword labelcomments label vdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gawG[m

Object _variable _Name awGtaeeJYygyJ/ 'DemrnfawGeJYyJ


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

qufvufNyD;awmh toHk;csrSmaemf/ tJ'D label Box awGrSm

yg0ifapcsifwJh pmom;udk Jlabel ( ) method &JU arguments

ae&mrSm wpfcgwnf; xnfhoGif; a&;om;NyD;om;yg/ 'Dtcsuf

udk owdxm;NyD;awmh pmzwfol avhvmMunfhyg/ vkdif;eHygwf

(17) eJY (18) rSm awGY&wmuawmh comments vkdY trnfay;

xm;wJh JText Area ( ) udk uRefawmfwdkY toHk;rcs&ao;wJh-

SetLine Wrap ( ) method eJY

setWrap Style Word ( ) method &,fqdkNyD; awGY&rSmyg/

'Dawmh 'D method ESpfck[m JTextArea ( ) eJYywfoufwJh

method awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D method eJY ywfoufwm

awGudk &Sif;jyzdkY vdkvmNyDaygh/ uJ 'Dawmh Note: taeeJY a&;

om;xm;wJhtcsufawGudk aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunfhyg/ API

method taeeJY tvGeftoHk;0ifygw,f/ 'Dawmh pmzwfol

taeeJYvnf; Exam ajzqdk&mrSm taxmuftyHh&Ekdifatmif rl&if;

ta&;tom;twkdif;yJ azmfjyay;vkdufygw,f/

Note : • Set Line Wrap ( ) method

Set Wrap style Word ( ) method

• The selline Wrap (boolean) method deter-

mines whether text will wrap to the next line

when it reaches the far edge of the com-

ponent.Call setlineWrap (true) to cause line

wrapping to occur.

• The SetWrap Style Word (boolean) method

determines What wraps to the next line either

the current word (an argument of true) or

the current character (false).

uJ tck a&;jycJhwJh API method (2) ckudk aoaocsmcsm

avhvmNyD;oGm;&if code_line awGudk qufvufavhvmMu

&atmifvm;/ vdkif;eHygwf (17) rSm a&;xm;wJh

comments.setline wrap (true) ;

method aMumifh JText Area xJrSm vufcHxm;wJh text awGudk

Wrapping vkyfEkdifzdkYtwGuf vuf&Sd Text &JU tpuaeNyD;awmh

pwif rSwf,lygw,f/ vdkif;eHygwf (18) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh

coments.setwrap Style Word (true) ;

qdkwJh code_line uawmh vuf&Sd Text ae&muaeNyD;awmh

a&SUvmr,fh ½dkufoGif;wJh current character udk wrap vkyfzdkY

twGufygyJ/

'Dawmh txufyg method ( ) ESpfckudk ac:,lNyD;awmh

code_line rSm xnfhoGif;vkdufwJhtwGuf comments vdkY

trnfay;xm;wJh JTextArea rSm ½kdufoGif;wJh pmom; Text

awG[m owfrSwfxm;wJh limiting jzpfvm&if atmufudk jyKwf

usvmrSmyg/ tJ'g[m Text Wrapping &JU oabmw&m;ygyJ/

tus,fcsJUMunfhMu&atmifvm;/

JText Area (int , int); vkdY toHk;jyKcJhwJhtcgrSm

Specified Number Specified Number of Of Row Columns

vkdY ta&SUoifcef;pmawGrSma&;NyD; &Sif;jycJhzl;w,faemf/ tvG,f

rSwf&ifawmh

JTextArea xJrSmqHhr,fh pmaMumif; ta&twGufeJY

/JTextArea rSmqhHr,fh pmvHk;ta&twGufvdkYajym&if rrSm;yg

bl;/ 'g[m JText Area wpfckudk tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh zefwD;

wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh 'DzefwD;vkdufwJh JTextArea rSm owfrSwf

xm;wJh ta&twGufxuf pmvHk;a&udk ydkNyD;awmh ½dkufoGif;rd&if

JText Area [m tvdktavsmuf JTextArea udk Resizeable

vkyfay;ygw,f/ trSefwu,fawmh JTextArea udk toHk;jyK

r,fqdk&if Scrolling Panes vdkYac:wJh JScrollPane ( )

method udkyg ac:,ltoHk;cs&ygw,f/

Oyrm JScrollPane (YERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_

ALWAYS) ;

qdkwJh code_line rsKd;eJY JTextArea rSm VERTICAL & HORI-

ZONTAL Scroll Pane awGudk xnfhoGif;ay;&ygr,f/

'gqdk&ifawmh vkdif;eHygwf (17)? (18) rSm a&;om;xm;wJh

setline Wrap ( ) method eJY

setWrap Style Word ( ) method awGudk xnfhoGif;

toHk;jyKp&mrvdkbl;ayghaemf/ 'gayr,fh tck Oyrm a&;jyxm;

wJh code_line [m trSefr[kwfygbl;aemf/ Oyrmay;NyD; a&;jy

xm;wmyg/ tckvuf&Sd listing 3.18 rSm tck &Sif;jyaewJh

JScroll Pane awGudk xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKrxm;wJhtwGufaMumifh

tay:u&Sif;jyaewJh method (2) ckudk xnfhoGif; toHk;jyK&

wmygyJ/

'D method (2) ckom ryg0ifcJh&if pmvHk;a&[m owf

rSwfxm;wJh limit xufykdcJh&if JTextArea udka&m? Form_

Window udka&m tvdktavsmuf Resizeable vkyfNyD; csJUay;

rSmyg/ 'DtcgrSm owfrSwfxm;wJh Form_Windows yHkpH[m

ysufNyDayghaemf/

↑↑


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Note : pmzwfol[m setlinewrap ( ) method / setwrap

Style Word ( ) method ESpfckudk jzKwfxm;NyD;awmh

compile & Run vkyfMunfhyg/ pmvHk;a&^ pmaMumif;

a& rsm;&ifrsm;oavmuf tvdktavsmuf csJUoGm;NyD;

awmh vufcHaeygvdrfhr,f/ wu,fvdkY 'D method

( ) awGudk roHk;csif&ifawmh JscrollPane udk ac:oHk;

&rSmayghaemf/ pmzwfoltaeeJY prf;Munfhyg/

3/ uJ qufNyD;awmh avhvmMunfhMu&atmifvm;/ tJ'D vkdif;

eHygwf (17)? (18) u Text Wrapping method ESpfck

aMumifh JTextArea udk owfrSwfxm;wJh specified of

Number Rows (4) Rows «pmaMumif;ta&wGuf(4)

aMumif;» specified Number of columns(20) «pmvHk;a&

ta&twGuf (20) vHk; wdwd» udk vufcHrSmyJ jzpfygw,f/

owfrSwfxm;wJh pmvHk;a& (20) xuf ydkvm&if aemuf

wpfaMumif;udk tvdktavsmuf Enter ↵ key ESdyfp&m

rvdkygbJeJY qif;oGm;rSmyg/ 'g[m Text wrapping

method awG&JU oabmw&m;ygyJ/

uJ code_line eHygwf (19) (20) rSmawmh pane vdkY

Object_ Name ay;xm;wJh JPanel Class xJu add ( )

method udk toHk;csNyD;awmh panel xJrSm add vkyfygw,f/

'gaMumifh

pane .add (username.label); // add the JPanelpane.add (username); // add the JText Field

vdkY a&;xm;wmaygh/ 'g[m JText Field wpfckeJY JLabel

wpfckudk form ay:rSm wyfqifvkdufNyDaemf/

Note : Swing Containers ,including frames, windows,

applets, and dialog boxes, do not allown

components to be added in this manner. Those

containers are broken down into panes, a kind

of container within a container. Ordinarily ,components are added to the container'scontent pane.txufyg enf;vrf;twkdif;yJ JPassword Field eJY

JLabel wpfckpDudkvnf;aumif;? JText Area eJY

JLabel wpfckpDudkyg txufyg code_line awG

twkdif; xnfhoGif;ygw,f/ vkdif;eHygwf (22) uae

(25)txdygyJ/ avhvmMunfhyg/ tvG,fwul oabm

aygufEkdifygw,f/

tJ'DaemufrSmawmh show ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;

csygw,f/ Frame udk Display jyEkdifzdkYtwGufaygh

aemf/ 'Dae&mrSm show ( ) method udk toHk;rjyKcsif

&if setvisible (true) method udk toHk;jyK&ifvnf;

&ygw,f/ tcsKdU program awGrSm uRefawmf toHk;

jyKcJhzl;ygw,f/

Note : tcsKdUaom Swing container xJrSmyg0ifwJh API

method awG[m r&Sif;jy&ao;bJ &Sdaeygao;w,f/

tJ'gawGeJY ywfoufwmawGudkawmh Appendix of

Swing & AWT components vdkY trnfay;NyD;

awmh ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ oD;oefYoifcef;pmtaeeJY

ygyJ/ vuf&Sd Swing & AWT eJY ywfoufwJh oif

cef;pmawGtNyD;rSmyg/ tJ'DtcgrSm vuf&Sd toHk;jyK

NyD;awmh em;rvnfwJh API method awGudkyg com-

pare vkyfNyD;awmh &Sif;jyay;xm;ygw,f/

tJ'Daemuf vkdif;eHygwf (29) rSmawmh main ( )

function udk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D main ( )

function xJrSmrS tay:rSm a&;om;cJhwJh form qdkwJh

class udk Object_Name f vkdY ay;NyD;awmh ac:,l

vdkufygw,f/ 'DtcgrSm form ( ) qdkwJh class &JU

constructor function [m tvdkvdk0ifvmNyDaygh/

tJ'DtcgrSm form ( ) qdkwJh constructor xJrSm a&;om;

xm;wJh (uRefawmfwdkYjzpfcsifwJh code_line awG) u

tvkyfvkyfNyDaygh/ vdkif;eHygwf (30) rSmyg/ uJusefwJh

brace } awGuawmh main ( ) function eJY primary

class &JU close brace } awGygyJ/

'gqdk&ifawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY listing 3.18 u code-

line awGudk Analysis vkyfwm tvG,fwul em;vnf oabm

aygufoGm;NyDayghaemf/ 'Dawmh tJ'D code_line awGudk pro-

gram taeeJY vufawGYwnfaqmufMu&atmif/ Notepad

program xJudkoGm;NyD;awmh tJ'D code_line awGudk a&;om;

yg/

tJ'Dvdk code_line awGudk a&;om;NyD;&ifawmh File →Save udkawmif;yg/ Save vkyf&mrSm C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01 \bin

qdkwJh folder atmufrSm save vkyf&rSmaemf/ File_Name udk

awmh form.java vdkY trnfay;&ygr,f/ tJ'Dvkd trnfay;NyD;

awmh save vkyfxm;yHkudk Figure 3.22 taeeJY a&;jyay;xm;yg

w,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/


uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

uJtay:rSma&;jycJhwJh Figure 3.22 uawmh Notepad

rSm Code_Line awG a&;om;NyD;awmh save vkyfxm;yHkygyJ/

'Dawmh File udk Save vkyfNyD;&if command prompt xJudk

0ifNyD;awmh compile & Run vkyfMu&atmifvm;/ t&ifqHk;

Directory path udk ajymif;vdkufygOD;/ atmufyg command

eJYajymif;yg/

CD C:\ j2sdk 1.4.1_01 \bin ↵

'Dawmh j2sdk 1.4.1_01 &JU directory atmufudka&mufoGm;&if

CLS ↵ command eJY screen udk clear vkyfvkdufygOD;/ NyD;&if

atmufyg command eJY compile vkyfyg/

javac form.java ↵

compile vkyfNyD;awmh error r&SdcJh&ifawmh atmufyg command

eJY qufvufNyD;awmh Run vkyfyg/

java form ↵

atmufygtwkdif; compile & Run vkyfyHkudk Figure 3.22.1

taeeJY a&;jyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/

Figure 3.22.1 Compile & Run of the form.javaprogram

uJ'gqdk&ifawmh JPassword Field udk toHk;cs a&;om;

xm;wJh program i,fav;udk Demonstrate vkyfjyvdkY NyD;yg

NyD/ pmzwfoltaeeJY ta&SUuoifcef;pmawGeJY aygif;pyfNyD;awmh

toHk;jyK zefwD;Munfhyg/ qufvufNyD;awmh swing & AWT

components awG[m rsm;jym;vSwmaMumifh sub-Index tae

eJY &Sif;jy&wm[m rsm;jym;vSwmaMumifh Chapter [4] tjzpf

qufvufNyD;awmh oifMum; ydkYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ Swing &

AWT components awGxJrSm yg0ifwJh API method awGudk

vnf; Appendix tjzpf qufvufydkYcsay;rSmyg/ 'gaMumifh

qufvufNyD;awmh Chapter [4] udk qufvufavhvmMunfhyg/

tu,fírsm; Compile vkyfpOfrSm error wufvmcJh&if

vnf; Notepad xJu code_line awGudk0ifNyD;awmh error

Line_No twkdif;jyifNyD;awmh Save As vkyfyg/ NyD;&ifawmh

Compile & Run vkyfyg/ 'Denf;eJYyJ error uif;atmif BudK;

pm; wnfaqmuf&rSmygyJ/ uJ error uif;oGm;vdkY trSm; r&Sd

awmh&if Run vkyfwJhtcgrSm atmufygtwkdif; output xGuf

vmrSmygyJ/ Figure 3.22.2 taeeJY azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/

avhvmMunfhyg/

Figure 3.22.2 Running the form.java program

Figure 3.22 Write the program In the Notepad

KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]