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Ancient Greece
My Idiosyncrasies:TTYN: Talk to Your Neighbor – an opportunity for cooperative learning. I use a lot as part of a ‘Do Now’ activity.
Do Now’s: EVERY day/lesson begins with some type of Do Now; generally to follow-up on what was learned either from h/w or previous lesson. I also utilize Do Now’s an opportunity to preface what is about to be learned.
Cooperative Learning: I typically include some type of cooperative learning activities in every lesson such as completing organizers, reading activities, completing maps/geography activities, etc…
Common Core: Everything I do has the Common Core in mind. Every class should include some type of literacy component.
Projects: See last slide for suggestion. Typically, I would begin a new unit with a class project, but that’s me.
What I Know About Greece
What I Want to Learn
About Greece
What I LearnedAbout Greece
Geography
Geography
Unlike other early civilizations, Greek civilization did
NOT rise in a fertile river valley
Rugged and remote corner of S.E. Europe
Mountainous and rocky terrain
Several plains.
TTYN: In what part of the world is Ancient Greece located?
Refer to Notes Packet
Small Group Activity: Mapping Ancient Greece
Geography
TTYN – Why is geography important? Identify and describe three reasons why the geographical features of a country is important. Hint…thing social, political, and economic.
The Pindus Mountains start in northern Greece and
stretch south to the Gulf of Patra.
Geographically no where in Greece is more than 60
km from the sea
Greece is located on the southernmost point of the
Balkan Peninsula and is flanked by 3 large bodies of
water: the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the
Mediterranean Sea.
Geography
The Peloponnesus Mountains occupy southern part of
Greece.
Approximately 20% of Greece is made up of islands.
Crete is a large island located in the Mediterranean
Sea
Most of the people in Greece live along the coast, or
along rivers and harbors.
Climate - Most of Greece has a mild climate
Summers are warm and dry
Rain is heavy during the winter months, with some
mountain areas getting snow.
Early Civilizations
Early Civilizations of Greece
Minoan Civilization
Occupied the island of Crete
First inhabitants probably migrated from Asia Minor
We do not know a lot of the Minoan Civilization
Success of the Minoans was a result of trade…not
conquest
TTYN: What is Cultural Diffusion?
Early Civilizations of Greece
Minoan Civilization
Through contact with Egypt and Mesopotamia, the
Minoans acquired ideas and technology – Cultural
Diffusion
Minoan reached its peak between 1750 – 1500 BCE
The Palace of Knossos (NAHS uhs)
Archeologist digs reveal painting suggests that women
moved freely and may have enjoyed more rights than
women in most ancient civilizations
Early Civilizations of Greece
Minoan Civilization
Minoans established outposts throughout the Aegean world,
including mainland Greece
Location allowed the Minoans to cross the seas to the Nile
River Valley and the Middle East
Palace of Knossos
Early Civilizations of Greece
Minoan Civilization
About 1400 BCE, Minoan Civilization vanished
Archaeologists are not sure why…maybe a volcanic
eruption on nearby island
Maybe an earthquake
Invaders definitely played a role – the Mycenaeans
Early Civilizations of Greece
The Mycenaean's
Indo-European people
Conquered Greek mainland
Dominated the Aegean world from 1400 – 1200 BCE
Sea Traders
Reached Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia
Influenced by the Egyptians and Mesopotamia –
Cultural Diffusion
Mycenean Greece
and the Orient about
1450 B.C.
Early Civilizations of Greece
The Mycenaean's
Lived in separate city-states on the mainland
Warrior-king ruled his village
Rulers amasses treasure; gold ornaments that
archaeologists have unearthed from their tombs)
Early Civilizations of Greece
The Mycenaean's
The Trojan War – 1250 BCE
Legend or Reality???
May had its origin due to economic rivalry with Troy
Troy – rich trading city in now present-day Turkey
Troy controlled the straits that connect the Mediterranean and
Black Sea
Trojan prince Pars kidnapped Helen, wife of a Greek King
The Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her
For 10 years, the Greeks and Troy fought
Early Civilizations of Greece
The Mycenaean's
The Trojan Horse
Seeking entrance into Troy, Odysseus ordered a
large wooden horse to be built.
Its insides were to be hollow so that soldiers could
hide within it.
A number of the Greek warriors, along with
Odysseus, climbed inside.
The rest of the Greek fleet sailed away, so as to
deceive the Trojans.
One man, Sinon, was left behind.
Early Civilizations of Greece
The Mycenaean's
When the Trojans came to marvel at the huge creation, Sinon
pretended to be angry with the Greeks, stating that they had
deserted him.
He assured the Trojans that the wooden horse was safe and
would bring luck to the Trojans.
The Trojans celebrated what they thought was their victory,
and dragged the wooden horse into Troy.
At night, after most of Troy was asleep or in a drunken
stupor, Sinon let the Greek warriors out from the horse, and
they slaughtered the Trojans.
Early Civilizations of Greece
Homer
Mycenaean power faded
1100 to 800 BCE, Greek Civilization seemed to
have step backwards; trade declined, cities were
abandoned, and people stopped writing
Homer; Greek poet; author of the Iliad and Odyssey
According to legend, Homer was blind and would wander from
village to village playing his harp and singing of heroic deeds
His tales were passed from generation to generation before they
were written down
Not This Homer
Early Civilizations of Greece
Homer
The Iliad, serves as our primary source about the Trojan
War, including several writing liberties such as gods,
goddesses, and a talking horseMother tells me,the immortal goddess Thetis with her glistening feet,that two fates bear me on to the day of death.If I hold out here and I lay siege to Troy,my journey home is gone, but my glory never dies.If I voyage back to the fatherland I love,my pride, my glory dies…
TTYN – What is Homer’s message in this passage?
Courage is not the absence of fear, but the presence of fear yet the will to go
on
Early Civilizations of Greece
Homer
The Odyssey,
Homer tells the reader a story of the struggles of the Greek hero
Odysseus to return home to his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall
of Troy.
During his journey home, Odysseus encounters a sea monster, a
race of one-eyed giants, and beautiful sorceress who turns men into
swine.
TTYN – The Iliad and the Odyssey tell us what about the ancient
Greeks?
Homer depicts the heroism and courage of the ancient Greeks
The Rise of Greek City-States
How Geography played a big role in the
development of Ancient Greece
The mountains divided the peninsula into isolate valleys
Beyond the coastline sat hundreds of rocky islands
The Greeks did NOT establish a large empire as the Egyptians and
Mesopotamians had – they built many small city-states
City-states were cut off from one another by either land or water
Strong loyalty to their own city-state
Fiercely defended their independence
Frequent wars between the city-states
The Rise of Greek City-States
The Polis
750 BCE, a unique version of the city-state called the
polis
The top of the city sat the acropolis or high city, with
great marble temples dedicated to gods and goddesses
On flatter grounds lay the walled main city with its
market place, theater, public buildings, and homes
Men would spend time in the marketplace, debating
issues that affected their lives
The Rise of Greek City-States
Early Governments
750 – 500 BCE
Different forms of government
First, Monarchy – king or queen exercised power
Next, Aristocracy – class of noble landowners would win
power for themselves
Trade expands and new middle class of wealthy
merchants emerge
Challenged the landowning nobles for power.
Oligarchy – power is in the hands of a small, powerful
elite, usually from the business elite
The Rise of Greek City-States
Changes in Warfare
Technology contributes to military strategies and power
Iron weapons replaced bronze; iron cheaper; now the
common man could acquire iron helmets, shields, and swords
New fighting methods emerge
The Phalanx emerges – formation of heavily armed foot
soldiers
The phalanx reduces class differences
TTYN – why did the phalanx impact class differences?
Defense was now in the hands of ordinary citizens
What I Know About Greece
What I Want to Learn About Greece
What I Have Learned So farAbout Greece
The Rise of Greek Super Powers
Sparta and Athens
Location, Location, Location
Athens
Sparta
Activity - Sparta and Athens
Task: Working in small groups, each student will complete
the Sparta & Athens Learning Stations Packet
Class should be separated into four groups
Group Presentation
Groups present summary of Sparta and Athens
Materials Required
Poster Board
Learning Stations Packets
Sparta and Athens
The effect of new technology and warfare lead to
emergences of two dominate city-states: Sparta and
Athens
Developed very different ways of life
Sparta stressed military virtues and discipline
Athens glorified the individual; would extend political
rights to more citizens
Geography Rewind: Locate Sparta and Athens on your map
Sparta and Athens
Sparta
Spartans conquer Laconia
This region lies in the Peloponnesus (southern part of Greece)
Conquered people turned into slaves, called helots
Helots worked the land
Spartans administered a brutal system of strict control
Spartan Government – consisted of two kings and a council of
elders who advised the elders
Assembly, made up of all citizens approved major decisions;
citizens were male and over 30
Sparta and Athens
Life as a Spartan
Young boys were bred to be strong Spartans
Spartan boys were only allowed to wear one layer of clothing
Spartan youth became excellent soldiers
Encouraged to steal to develop cunning and supplement their diet;
if caught they would be beaten
Spartan women wrestled and took part in sports
Had to obey their fathers or husbands
The culture of Sparta changed from normal Archaic Greek to
military and athletic.
Sparta and Athens
Life as a Spartan
Elders judged whether Spartan babies were strong or
weak enough to live.
If they were judged too weak, they were hurled into a
gorge or left to die in a hillside.
Life was made tough for the Spartan citizens so they
could forever control the Messenians.
Even alcohol was banned to the Spartans, but the
helots were allowed to drink.
Leonidas, warrior-king of Sparta
Sparta and Athens
Life as a Spartan
Sparta isolate itself from its neighbors such as the
Greeks
Looked down and wealth
Forbade their citizens from traveling
Had little use for new ideas or the arts
Were willing to die for their city
TTYN – Why would Sparta’s rigid system and inability to
change lead to their decline in power
Sparta
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Athens was located in Attica, north of Peloponnesus
Government would evolve from a monarchy into an
aristocracy
700 BCE, noble landowners held the power and chose
chief officials
Nobles judged major cases in court and dominated
the assembly
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the
nobles
Argued that their service to Athens entitled them to
more rights
Demands for change also came from farmers
During hard times, farmers were forced to sell their
lands to nobles; some were forced to sell themselves and
family into slavery
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Athens moves closer to democracy; government by the
people
Solon’s Reform
Solon – Chief Official granted permission to make
needed reform
Outlawed slavery because of debt
High office to more citizens
Granted citizenship to foreigners
Gave Athenian assemble more say in important
decisions
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Economic Reform
Encouraged the export of wine and olive oil; helped
merchants and farmers by increasing demand
Citizenship still remained limited
Wealthy landowners still held onto the highest positions
of authority
Rise of the Tyrants – people who gained power by force
Won support by imposing reforms
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Athenian tyrant, Pisistratus (pi SIHS truh tuhs) seized power in
546BCE
Helped farmers by giving them loans and land taken from nobles
New building projects – gave jobs to the poor
Gave the poor a voice and weakened the aristocracy
507BCE, reformer Cleisthenes created the Council of 500
members were chosen by lot of all citizens
Created law and supervised the day-to-day work of government
Created a legislature – lawmaking body, debated law
All male citizens over 30 were members
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Limited Rights
Only males citizens could participate in government
Slavery still existed
Slavery provided the citizens with the time to
participate in government
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Women, as in other Greek city-states had no share in public life
Women must be guided by men
Managed the house, cared for the children, and prepared food
Boys received an education, girls received very little, if any
Young men received military training and encouraged to explore
many others areas of knowledge
Studied to become public speakers
TTYN – why would it be necessary to become a good public
speaker?
In a democracy you were expected to voice your opinion and views
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Common Culture
Spoke same language
Honored same ancient heroes
Participated in common festivals such as the Olympic
Games
Prayed to the same gods (polytheistic)
Sparta and Athens
Athens
Believed the gods lived on Mt. Olympus in Northern
Greece
Zeus – the most powerful god
Hera – goddess of marriage
Poseidon – god of the sea
Aphrodite – goddess of love
Ares – god of war
Athena – god of wisdom, gave her name to Athens
Sparta and Athens
Athens
View of non-Greeks
Trade expanded and so did Greek colonies
Came in contact with people who had different cultures and
languages
Felt superior to non-Greeks
Called outsiders or non-Greeks barbaroi; people who did not speak
Greek
English word Barbarians comes from barbaroi
This feeling of superiority and what they learned from other
cultures would help the Greeks face a threat from the mightiest
power in the Mediterranean world – The Persian Empire
Athens
Athens
Sparta
Sparta Athens
What I Know About Greece
What I Want to Learn About Greece
What I Have Learned So farAbout Greece
Greco-Persian War
Activity: The Persian Wars
Task:
Working in small groups, each group shall
complete the worksheet using their spilt note-taking
skills.
Complete the questions at the end of each section
Sparta and Athens
The Persian Wars
“Earth and Water”
492 BCE, King Darius of Persia sent messengers to the Greek city-
states demanding gifts of “earth and water” as a symbol of surrender
Many states obeyed
Athens and Sparta declined
Prior to the Persian demand, the Greek city-states, despite their
cultural ties, were often bitterly divided.
However, when Persia made their threat, they united to defend
their freedom
Historian Herodotus
Sparta and Athens
The Persian Wars
By 500 BCE, Persian authority had
stretched into the Ionian Sea
Ionian Greeks rebelled against Persian
rule
Athens sent ships to help
Persians crush the rebellion within the
Ionian cities.
Persia looks to punish Athens for
interfering
Battle at Marathon – 490 BCE
Marathon, north of Athens
Sparta and Athens
The Persian Wars
Persian outnumbers the Athenians two to one
Despite being outnumbered, the Athenians used an
element of surprise
Persians retreated….The Greeks were victorious
The Greek sent a runner to Athens to share the news
He sprinted nearly 26 miles
Sparta and Athens
The Persian Wars
480 BCE, Xerxes, Ruler of the Persians sends a much larger force to
Athens
Sparta is on-board
Persians marched south to Athens; burn Athens; however, Athens
was empty
Athens puts their faith in the fleet of ships that they had build
Strait of Salamis; Athenian ships trapped, rammed, and sank the
Persian fleet
TTYN – What effect would the victory over the Persians represent
for the Athenians?
Sparta and Athens
The Persian Wars
The Delian League – alliance with other Greek city-states designed
to meet the continued threats from Persia
Athens dominates the league
Creates an Athenian Empire
Forced its allies to remain in the league against their will
The League and the power it gave Athens over the rest of Greece
were to become one of the major reasons for the Peloponnesian War
against Sparta and its allies.
Concept Ladder
Topic: The Persian Wars
The Legend of Pericles
The Golden Age – the years after the Persian Wars
Pericles leads Athens
Economy thrived
government became more democratic
490 – 429 BCE – The Age of Pericles
Architects and sculptors to rebuild the Acropolis
New temples for the gods to remind Athens that the gods favored
them
Building projects increased prosperity by creating jobs for artisans
and workers
Athens became the cultural center of Greece
The Legend of Pericles
Pericles believed that all male citizens should take part in
government
Began to pay salaries to those who helped in public office; enabled
poor men to serve in government
The Assembly met several times per month
At least 6K members would participate
Direct Democracy – large number of male citizens took part in the
day-to-day affairs of government
TTYN – How do we (today) participate in democracy?
Indirect democracy – through representatives
The Legend of Pericles
The Funeral Oration
Thucydides, historian during the Age of Pericles
“Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the
hands not of a minority but of the whole people. When it is a question
of settling private disputes, everyone is equal before the law: when it
is a question of putting one person before another in positions of
public responsibility, what counts is not membership of a particular
class, but the actual ability which the man possesses.”
TTYN – What is Pericles suggesting?
Athenian citizens bore a special responsibility, We alone,” he stated,
“regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs, not as harmless
but as a useless character”
Pericles
The Peloponnesian War
Greek vs. Greek
Many Greeks resented Athens and Athenian domination
Two camps emerge; Led by Sparta
The Peloponnesian League
Sparta encouraged oligarchy vs. Athenian democracy
431 BCE, war brakes out between Sparta and Athens
27 years of war
The Peloponnesian War
Athens has a powerful navy, but Sparta has a land advantage
Sparta was located inland, therefore, could not be attacked by sea
Sparta marches to Athens
Pericles moves the citizens inside the walls of Athens
Disaster – a plague emerges; kills 1/3, including Pericles
Pericles successors were less able; power struggle undermines the
city’s democratic government
Sparta aligns with Persia
404 BCE, the Spartans capture Athens, stripped the Athenians of
their fleet and their empire
The Peloponnesian War
The impact of the war
Athenian economy would revive
Spirit and greatness would never return
Democratic government suffered
Corruption and selfish interests replaced older ideals such as
service to the city-state
Sparta would eventually be defeated by the Thebes, another Greek
city-state
Greeks would continue to fight among themselves
359 BCE, a new power rose in Macedonia, a kingdom to the north
Stay tuned for out unit on Alexander the Great
Athens Sparta
Government
Society
Education
Military
A Comparison of City-States
Spartan Society
The Spartans
focused on military
skills to control the
people they
conquered.
Spartans conquered
and enslaved their
neighbors.
Spartan captives
were called helots.
Spartan Education
The Spartan government feared the
helots might rebel, so they firmly
controlled the people of Sparta and
began training boys for war at age 7.
From age 20-30 men remained in
military barracks.
Education was based on military
strategy and strength.
Women and men were both educated
Spartan Military All Spartan men were in the
army until age 60.
One mother told her son:
“Come home carrying your
shield or being carried on it”
Military was the priority in
Sparta
Spartan Women Spartan women enjoyed more
freedom than most Greek women.
Girls were trained in sports like
running, wrestling, and javelin
throwing.
Wives stayed at home while their
husbands lived in the barracks.
This meant they could own
property and go where they
wanted!
Athens Government
Athens started out as
an oligarchy like
Sparta.
After a revolution by
the major population,
Athens became a
direct democracy in
508 BC
Athens Society Athenians valued education, art,
literature and philosophy Citizens participated in major decisions Athens wanted to control the
Greek Peninsula
Athens Education Goal: prepare students
to be citizens in war and peacetime
Children in Athens had teachers for reading, writing, arithmetic, sports, and music
At 18 Athenian boys finished school and became citizens.
Athenian women didn’t get to go to school.
Athens Military Athens maintained an
army and navy
Strongest navy in
Greece
Military was not
priority
Allowed them to
control the nearby
seas.
TTYN: In which city-state would you have rather lived in
ancient Greece? Why? Sparta or Athens??
Sparta’s Government Sparta’s government was an
oligarchy.
An oligarchy is a type of
government that means by
rule by few.
In Sparta two kings headed
a council of Elders. The
Elders, which included 28
citizens over age 60,
presented laws to the
Council.
All Spartan men over 30
belonged to the Council.
They chose five people
to be ephors to enforce
laws and collect taxes.
The Peloponnesian War!
Before: Athens control
Greece, Sparta is unhappy
Spartans and allies (The
Peloponnesian League)
attack Athens
After vicious war, Athens
surrenders
Leads to decline of city-
states and mass disorder in
Greece
What I Know About Greece
What I Want to Learn About Greece
What I Have Learned So farAbout Greece
The Great Thinkers of Greece
Some great thinkers denied that events were caused by the whims
of the gods – they used observation and reason to justify what
happened
The Philosophers
Explored many subjects – mathematics, physics, music, logic, and
rational thinking
Through reason and observation, they believed they could discover
laws that govern the universe
Ethics and moral behavior – debated the best kind of government
and what standards should govern people’s behavior
The Great Thinkers of Greece
The Sophists, questioned accepted ideas about truth and justice
Urged students to develop skills in rhetoric, the art of skillful
speaking
Socrates was an outspoken critic of the Sophists – believed they
undermined traditional values
Socrates – The Wandering Teacher
Questioned fellow citizens about their beliefs and ideas
Urged his students to question and critically examine all around
them
The Great Thinkers of Greece
Socrates - Although he wrote nothing, he left Western
philosophy the rich legacy of his example in the persistent pursuit of
truth
The Socratic Method – to seek truth and knowledge
Devoted himself to free-wheeling discussion with the aristocratic
young citizens of Athens, insistently questioning their unwarranted
confidence in the truth of popular opinions
Charged with corrupting the youth and interfering with the religion
of the city
Convicted Socrates; sentenced him to death in 399 B.C.E; drank
hemlock in the company of his friends and died
The Great Thinkers of Greece
The legacy of Socrates
Plato – emphasized the importance of reason; through
rational thought, people could discover unchanging ethical
values, recognize perfect beauty, and learn how to organize an
ideal society
The Republic – described his vision of the ideal state
Rejected Athenian democracy because it condemned
Socrates
Believed that the state should regulate every aspect of its
citizens’ lives in order to provide for their best interests
The Great Thinkers of Greece
Divided the society into 3 classes: workers, soldiers, and
philosophers
TTYN – Using Plato’s template for society, describe the
role for each of three classes
Workers produce the necessities, soldiers defend the
state, and philosophers would rule; trained to ensure
order and justice; the wisest would have the ultimate
authority
Believed women could and should play an active role
The Great Thinkers of Greece
Aristotle
All types of government, Aristotle found good and bad
examples
Suspicious of democracy; thought it would lead to mob
rule
Favored rule by a single, strong, and virtuous leader
Reason was the guiding force for living and learning
Socrates Aristotle
The Beauty of Ancient Greece
Greek architecture has been admired and copied for
centuries
Most of our knowledge of Greek architecture comes
from the few surviving buildings of the Classical,
Hellenistic and Roman periods…..since Roman
architecture heavily copied Greek
Ancient Greek architects strove for the precision and
excellence of workmanship
The Beauty of Ancient Greece
Greek sculpture emphasized the same passion for
perfection as architecture
Emphasized natural poses
Carved gods, goddesses, athletes, and famous men in
a way that showed individuals in their most perfect,
graceful form
AthensSparta
Project
“Greeks Ain’t No Freaks”
Your Task: Working cooperatively with your peers, students, working in groups will create a
PowerPoint presentation emphasizing the significant events and contributions of ancient
Greece.
•In a PowerPoint format, each group will present to the class their work-product. Be
prepared to explain why you selected the topics, and confidently explain the historical
significance of each topic.
•Each member of the group will a two-page summary reflecting what you learned throughout
the task.
•Each student will complete a task worksheet summary that indicates the role of each
member of the group, their cooperation, and their participation/contribution throughout the
project.
Document Based Question: Ancient Greek Contributions
Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying documents in part A. As you analyze the documents over the next three days, do the following steps. 1.Carefully read the document-based question. Consider what you already know about this topic. 2.Now, read each document/primary source/secondary source carefully, underlining or highlighting key phrases and words that address the document-based question. You may also write brief notes in the margins.3.Answer the questions which follow each document.4.Based on the information found in the documents and your own knowledge, formulate a thesis statement that answers the question. 5.Organize supportive and relevant information into a brief outline on the attached worksheet.6.Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis statement. The essay should be presented clearly and include information from the documents. You may include knowledge from outside the documents in addition to those provided here. In your essay, you must state where you get evidence from (for example: “In Document 6, it states…”) and use quotation marks if you are quoting directly from one of the sources. Also, do not use personal “I/me/my opinion” statements.
DBQ: How did the ancient Greeks contribute to lasting ideas in Western civilization? Explain some political, artistic, and social ways. (Explain means “to make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of.”) Use at least three examples in each paragraph from the documents to explain your thesis.
Part A: The following documents will help you understand the various ideas and
contributions of the Ancient Greeks. Examine each document carefully, and
answer the question or questions that follow each one.
Document 1: A philosopher’s view on life
This quotation is from the philosopher Socrates, who lived in Athens from about 470 to
about 399 B.C.E.
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
What was Socrates suggesting about each person’s individual life in this quote?
Document 2: Humanism in Ancient Greece
This quotation is from the philosopher Aristotle, who lived and taught in
Athens from 384 B.C.E. to 322 B.C.E.
“Since human reason is the most godlike part of human nature, a life
guided by human reason is superior to any other…For man, this is the life
of reason, since the faculty [ability] of reason is the distinguishing
characteristic of human beings.”
Why did Aristotle believe human nature was so superior?
Document 3: A leader in Athens
This quotation is from the leader Pericles and his famous Funeral Oration (speech)
given to his Athenians in about 430 B.C.E.
“Our plan of government favors the many instead of the few; that is why it is called a
democracy…While every citizen has an equal opportunity to serve the public, we
reward our most distinguished citizens by asking them to make our political
decisions…A man may serve his country no matter how low his position on the social
scale.”
What time of government was Pericles describing? What were his expectations for
citizens in this type of government?
Document 4: The population in Athens, 430 B.C.E.
Adult male citizens with power to vote - 40,000Citizens without political power (women, children, some men) - 80,000Foreign-born residents of Athens - 80,000Slaves 250,000Total population 450,000
--from Bertram Linder, A world History, 1979According to this document, which sector (part) of the population was the largest? Which sector was the smallest?
What do these two numbers tell us about who had the most power in Athenian society? (Was it a democracy for everyone? Why or why not?)
Document 5: Medicine
Following is an excerpt from the Hippocratic oath (pledge). Hippocrates, a
Hellenistic-age medical practitioner, lived from about 460 to about 377
B.C.E.
“I will follow that [treatment] which, according to my ability and judgment,
I will consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is
[harmful].”
What was Hippocrates—and doctors who still take his oath—promising to
do?
Document 6: The Parthenon
What “perfect ratio” do this building’s proportions reflect?
What elements of this building have influenced others after it?
Document 7: Warfare in Sparta
The expression below was supposed to be the parting cry of mothers to their sons.
Mothers whose sons died in battle openly rejoiced; mothers whose sons survived
hung their heads in shame.
"Come back with your shield - or on it.”
How does this attitude reflect Spartans values?
Document 8: Statue of Doruyphorus
What do this statue’s features reveal about Greek ideals?
How did the ancient Greek Olympic Games influence later civilization?
Document 9: Greek Drama
This is an excerpt from the play Antigone by Sophocles, written in about
441 B.C.E. In this play, Antigone goes against the king’s order and buries
her brother,
Creon: And still you dared to overstep these laws?
Antigone: For me, it was not Zeus who made that order. Nor do I think
your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrun the
gods’ unwritten and unfailing laws…I know I must die…but if I left my
brother dead and unburied, I’d have cause to grieve as now I grieve not.
What values are expressed in this Greek play?
Use this worksheet to outline your DBQ essay:
How did the ancient Greeks contribute to lasting ideas in Western civilization? Explain some political, artistic, and social ways.
•Thesis (Remember, no “I” or “me/my” statements!): What is this essay about?
•Body paragraph of topic #1: What is your first subject?
1.Example one from documents
2.Example two
3.Example three
•Body paragraph of topic #2: What is your second subject?
I.Example one from documents
B. Example two
C. Example three
•Conclusion
Resources and Readings
Learning Stations Packet