My Heart Hurts as I Convey This Information

8/13/2019 My Heart Hurts as I Convey This Information.

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My heart hurts as I convey this information.

Below, please find very important information from manysources I feel compelled to relay.

Read it slow...

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There is a lot of material on the Kittel Family

(and the influence ofKittel on ld Testament !tudies", that havenot #een translated into$n%lish.

Because of this, access to the information a#out Kittel and his&a'i past (and hatred of ews" have #een very limited in the$n%lish )an%ua%e, a position which has deli%hted li#eral Bi#letranslatorswho are only too happy to have false versions of the

ld Testamentmas*ueradin% as wor+s of truth and scholarship.It is with the intention of providin% su#stantive information onthe#ac+%round of Bi#le Translations that we have #e%un toaddressand document the &a'i areer of Kittel, and his verywide impacton ld Testament Translations.

Most of his wor+ on the ld Testament has #een accepted #yrotestant $van%elicals. It too+ )i#eral erman rotestantTheolo%ians to promote Kittel (Both durin% //II and after".

0is wor+ wasaccepted and inte%rated into Most $n%lish Bi#leTranslations of the 12thentury throu%h his ld Testament,theBiblia Hebraica(also +nown asthe Bi#lia 0e#raica !tutt%artensia".

0ere are a few e3amples of the use of Kittel4s ld Testament inthe &ew Kin% ames 5ersion, the &ew International5ersion,&I5 reface 6 ri%inal 789: $dition pu#lished#y ;ondervan, the BibliaHebraica (also +nown asthe Bi#lia0e#raica !tutt%artensia ".

The


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o%nate lan%ua%es, the >ead !ea !crolls, and other ree+ wor+swere also consulted.


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The Bi#le Method of definin% Bi#le words is let the Bi#leinterpret the Bi#le. /e are told to ?compare spiritual thin%s withspiritual,? I orinthians 167=.

erhards father Rudolf Kittle was the author of Bi#lia 0e#raica,used #y all new versions to translate the ld Testament (alon%with ri%ens !eptua%int". &I5 translators say Kittles te3t is an ? .. . eclectic @pic+ and chooseA te3t.?

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!eptua%int6 ver time, the te3t was su#Eect to numerouschan%es, which can #e attri#uted to several causes, includin%scri#al errors, efforts at e3e%esis, and attempts to supporttheolo%ical positions.


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on 1ebre* s!ribes; that Christians favoured the 9eptuagint; the gradualde!line of the #reek language aong Je*s. Instead,1ebre*Arai! anus!ripts !opiled b& the 8asoretes,or authorative Araai! translations su!h as that of $nkelos, ofRabbi avid Fuller !onfirs this fa!t "%t is clearly evident that the Latin (ible ofearly (ritish Christianity was not the Latin (ible 4Vulgate6 of the

.aacy" (RefF5)


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erome

erome(a#out =G24 !eptem#er =2, G12), (full naeEusebius 9ophronius 1ieron&us) is #est +nown as the translator of

the Bi#lefro ree+and 0e#rewinto )atin.Jeroe"s edition, the5ul%ate, is still the offi!ial bibli!al te't ofthe Roman atholic hurch.

1e is re!ogni2ed b& the 3ati!an as a >octor of the hurch. 1e *as bornat 9tridon, on the border bet*een annoniaand>almatia, in the se!onduarter of the fourth !entur&, and died near Bethlehem9ept. B, G12.

Gno* the differen!e bet*een the true and the false 03ulgates.0

Jeroe is a nae shared a!ross the European languages in rearkabl&

unintuitive fors 1ieron&us (/atin) H Jeroe (English, and *ithdia!riti!al arks, Fren!h) H #irolao (Italian) H #eronio (9panish)

%he 3ulgate ible is an earl& ?th !entur& translation ofthe Bi#leinto )atinb& 9t. erome, at the instigationof ope >amasus I.

%he version takes its nae fro the phrase vulgata editio, 0the edition forthe people0 (!f.5ul%ar )atin), and *as *ritten in an ever&da& /atin usedin !ons!ious distin!tion to the elegant iceronian/atin of *hi!h Jeroe

*as a aster.

%he 3ulgate *as designed to be both easier to understand and orea!!urate than its prede!essors.

Jeroe *as responsible for at least three slightl& different versions of the3ulgate.

%he Roana 3ulgate *as the first. It *as soon repla!ed b& later versionse'!ept in ritain, *here it !ontinued to be used until the&ormanon*uestin 72HH.

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e't *as the #alli!ana 3ulgate, *hi!h Jeroe produ!ed a fe* &ears later.

It had soe inor iproveents, espe!iall& in the ld Testament. %hisbe!ae the standard Bi#leof the Roman atholic hurcha fe*de!ades after it *as produ!ed.
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%he 1ispana 3ulgate is largel& identi!al to the Roana e'!ept for the Boo+of salms, *hi!h Jeroe retranslated fro the0e#rewfor this version.

(%he other 3ulgates *ere ostl& translated fro ree+, but *ere !he!kedagainst 1ebre* and


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the hatred and intolerances spread #y their con%ressionalancestors.

Instead of releasin% documents and admittin% to the crimes oftheir fellow hristians, they have opted to protect their reli%ious

power structures #y silence, concealment, suppression, andproEectin% the story of persecutions committed a%ainst their ownreli%ion #y other ideolo%ical systems, a ploy that dis%uises theirown complicity of persecutions heaped upon others.

The &ew Testament ree+ )e3icon #ased on Thayer4s and!mith4s Bi#le >ictionary plus othersJ this is +eyed to thelar%e Kittel and the ?Theolo%ical >ictionary of the &ewTestament.?

These files are pu#lic domain.

ross wal+ )e3icons

&ew Testament ree+

The &ew Testament ree+ le3icon #ased on Thayer4s and!mith4s Bi#le >ictionary plus othersJ this is +eyed to thelar%e Kittel and the ?Theolo%ical >ictionary of the &ew

Testament.?


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predecessor to B0! and third in the Bi#lia 0e#raica series #e%unin 7871.

It is most commonly desi%nated as B0K in reco%nition

of Kittels editorship or B0=.

The te3t is )enin%radensis (B78a" and the Masorah is theunedited Masorah of )enin%radensis.

Below are a few more #oo+s to #eware of.

an you #elieve the praise for these men in the hristian world

Kittel D Friedrich - % is a *onderful *ork for an& student of linguisti!s, regardless ofreligious orientation.

The Best /or+ in its ate%ory, Bar &oneL

If &ou are looking for an e'haustive referen!e *ork for % #reekusage, then Kittel D Friedrich provide it in their %heologi!al >i!tionar&of the e* %estaent.

othing even !oes !lose to the s!ope of s!holarship in this *ork.1o*ever, one note of !aution is in order. 8an& of the theologi!al pointsade in the *ork are fro a liberal, eo4orthodo' point of vie*.


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%herefore, this t&pe of referen!e is for the advan!ed ible or seinar&student that possesses a strong foundation in the Christian faith and atleast a *orking kno*ledge of e* %estaent #reek.

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and the #esenius Grammarare available in the /ibroni' >/9forat. If &ou have the installed, the links in theAnalytical 7ey to the OldTestament*ill be live h&perlinks.)

%his volue provides for ea!h *ord the page nuber of the standard1ebre*4English di!tionar& (Francis Brown, !. R. >river, andharles


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Vocali9ation, Accents, and :asora ofAaron ben #oses ben Asher inthe eningrad $ode!7eabod&, 8ass 1endri!kson 7ublishers, BB+.

=suall& referred to as 1/. An ine'pensive edition designed for Je*ishliturgi!al use, *ith !areful attention to a!!ents. >oes not in!lude a !riti!al

apparatus.

oran 1. 9naith,;efer Torah, or the Lords ay5 the 1?thof ;etember1++1, 0e#rews6 76 1#

%n these last days, he has so-en to us by his son,whom he aointed theheir of all things

Introduction6 /et us begin toda& b& ualif&ing the English*ord heir,sin!e *e ight often understand it to ean onl& the !oing intoan inheritan!e on the death of one *hose estate *e are to re!eive a portionthereof.

erhard Kittles e3haustive Theolo%ical >ictionary of the &ewTestamentbegins *ith the !lassi!al definition the heirin the sense of thenatural heir and the one naed b& a *ill or b& legal provisions.

Then Kittles lin%uistic analysis allows for further development inthe Bi#le primarily on the #asis of the meanin% of the 0e#rewe*uivalents #ut more particularly #y reason of the fact that theword %roup came to #e used for a specific train of reli%iousthou%ht.


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%hat train of thought spe!ifi!all& identifies those re!ipients of #odsproises and of those *ho *ait for *hat is proised and further on *eread that the ter is an es!hatologi!al !on!ept, *hose inheritan!e is

identified as the kingdo of #od.44444444444444444444444


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$C$&$ &I>


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Christs sa!rifi!e DA9 a !oer!ial transa!tion bet*een Christ and #od,and *as $% erel& a figure of the !ost in ters of suffering.

%he sa!rifi!e of Calvar& *as a true sa!rifi!e, and that sa!rifi!e reuired theoffering of bloodnot :ust a violent death as ida sa&s.

lood is blood and death is death, and *e believe that #od is *ise enoughto kno* *hi!h of these *ords should be used. 1ad Christ died, for e'aple,

b& beating, though it *ould have been a violent death, it *ould not haveatoned for sin be!ause blood is reuired.

%hose, like ida, *ho taper *ith the blood atoneent often claimtobelieve in :ustifi!ation b& gra!e, but the& are rendering the Cross ineffe!tiveb& reinterpreting its eaning. %here is no gra!e *ithout a true propitiation.

%his *ord eans 0satisfa!tion0 and refers to the fa!t that the sin debt *assatisfied b& the blood atoneent of Christ.

%he great differen!e bet*een the heathen !on!ept of propitiating #od andthat of the ible is thisthe #od of the ible paid the propitiation 1iselfthrough 1is o*n 9a!rifi!e, *hereas the heathen thinks that he !anpropitiate #od through his o*n huan labors and offerings.

%he fa!t reains, though, that #od did have to be propitiated through theblood& death of 1is o*n 9on.

ida is a !lever an. 1e does not openl& assault the blood atoneent andthe do!trine of inspiration as his translator friend Robert rat!her does.

(rat!her, translator of the Todays !nglish Version, has !o4authored books*ith ida.) ida uses the sae *ords as the ible believer, but hereinterprets ke& *ords and passages su!h as those above.

%his is !alled eo4orthodo'&. e*are.

BRC$ M$T;$R

Another of the editors of the =nited ible 9o!ieties #reek e* %estaent

isru!e 8anning 8et2ger (+5+4 ). 8et2ger is #eorge /.Collord 7rofessorof e* %estaent /anguage and /iterature, 7rin!eton %heologi!al9einar&, and he serves on the board of the Aeri!an ible 9o!iet&.

8et2ger is the head of the !ontinuing R93 translation !oittee of theapostate ational Coun!il of Chur!hes in the =.9.A. %he Revised 9tandard

3ersion *as soundl& !ondened for its odernis *hen it first appearedin +5?.


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%oda& its !hief editor soeties is invited to speak at Evangeli!al forus.%he R93 hasnt !hanged, but Evangeli!alis !ertainl& hasL

8et2ger *as the !hairan for the'eaders igest Condensed (ibleand*rote the introdu!tions to ea!h book in this but!hered version of the

9!riptures.%he 7refa!e !lais that 0>r. 8et2ger *as a!tivel& involved at ever& stage ofthe *ork, fro the initial studies on ea!h of the si't&4si' books through allthe subseuent editorial revie*s. %he finished !ondensation has re!eivedhis full approval.0

%he Condensed (iblereoved BM of the ible te't, in!luding the *arningof Revelation +-4+5L

In the introdu!tions to the books of the'eaders igest (ible, 8et2geruestions the authorship, traditional date, and supernatural inspiration of

books penned b& 8oses, >aniel, and 7eter, and in an& other *a&s revealshis liberal, unbelieving heart.

Consider soe e'aples

enesis 0earl& all odern s!holars agree that, like the other books ofthe 7entateu!h, #enesisK is a !oposite of several sour!es, ebod&ingtraditions that go ba!k in soe !ases to 8oses.0

$3odus 0As *ith #enesis, several strands of literar& tradition, soever& an!ient, soe as late as the si'th !entur& .C., *ere !obined inthe akeup of the books0 (Introdu!tion to E'odus).

>euteronomy 0Its !opilation is generall& assigned to the seventh!entur& .C., though it rests upon u!h older tradition, soe of it fro8oses tie.0

>aniel 08ost s!holars hold that the book *as !opiled during theperse!utions (+-4+? .C.) of the Je*ish people b&

Antio!husEpiphanes.0

ohn 0Dhether the book *as *ritten dire!tl& b& John, or indire!tl& (histea!hings a& have been edited b& another), the !hur!h has a!!epted it

as an authoritative suppleent to the stor& of Jesus inistr& given b&the other evangelists.0

7 Timothy, 1 Timothy, Titus 0Judging b& differen!es in st&le andvo!abular& fro 7auls other letters, many modern scholars thin+that the astorals were not written #y aul.0


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ames 0%radition as!ribes the letter to Jaes, the /ords brother,*riting about A.>. ?, but modern opinion is uncertain, and differs*idel& on both origin and date.0

1 eter 0e!ause the author refers to the letters of 7aul as s!ripture, a

ter apparentl& not applied to the until long after 7aulsdeath, mostmodern scholars thin+ that this letter was drawn up in etersnamesoetie bet*een A.>. +BB and +?B.0

8et2gers odernis *as also ade plain in the notes to theCTI& T T0$ )> T$!T


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the Je*s as authoritative 9!ripture, is un!ertain, although soe have!onservativel& dated it at the tie of the E'ile in the si'th !entur&. ...

efore the adoption of the 7entateu!h as the /a* of 8oses, there hadbeen !opiled and edited in the spirit and di!tion of

the>euteronoi! s!hool the group of books !onsisting of >euterono&,Joshua, Judges, 9auel, and Gings, in u!h their present for. ...

Thus the entateuch too+ shape over a lon% period of time.0

&T$! & $&$!I! 0#enesisK .b4. ... is a different traditionfro that in +.+4,a, as eviden!ed b& the flo*ing st&le and the differentorder of events, e.g. an is !reated before vegetation, anials, and

*oan. ... @+b %he /ord shut hi in, a note fro the earl& tradition,*hi!h delights in anthropoorphi! tou!hes. @+-4B %he *aters!overed all the high ountains, thus threatening a !onfluen!e of the

upper and lo*er *aters (+.).Ar!haeologi!al eviden!e suggests that traditions of a prehistoricflood coverin% the whole earth are hei%htened versions oflocal inundations, e.g. in the %igris4Euphrates basin.0

&T$! & B 0%he ancient fol+taleof a patient Job (+.+4.+;.@4+@; Jas. ?.++) !ir!ulated orall& aong oriental sages in the se!ondillenniu .C. and *as probabl& *ritten do*n in 1ebre* at the tieof >avid and 9oloon or a !entur& later (about +BBB4-BB .C.).0

&T$! & !


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At first this inforation *as !ir!ulated orall&.

As far as *e kno* toda&, the first attept to produ!e a *ritten #ospel*as ade b& John 8ark, *ho a!!ording to tradition *as a dis!iple of theApostle 7eter.

%his #ospel, along *ith a !olle!tion of sa&ings of Jesus and several otherspe!ial sour!es, fored the basis of the #ospels attributed to 8atthe*and /uke.0 Editor %he #ospels, like ever& part of the e* %estaent,

*ere *ritten b& dire!t inspiration of the 1ol& 9pirit.

%his nonsense of tr&ing to find the original sour!e for the #ospels isunbelieving heres&.K

&T$! & 1 $T$R 0The tradition that this letter is the wor+of the apostle eter was *uestioned in early times, andinternal indications are almost decisive a%ainst it. ...

8ost s!holars therefore regard the letter as the *ork of one *ho *asdeepl& indebted to 7eter and *ho published it under his asterOs naeearl& in the se!ond !entur&.0

Editor %hose *ho believe this nonsense ust think the earl& Christians*ere fools and the 1ol& 9pirit *as on a va!ation.K

&T$! FRM ?0/ T R$ T0$ BIB)$ /IT0C&>$R!TI&?6

The openin% chapters of the ld Testamentdeal *ith huan

origins.%he&are not to #e read as history... %hese !hapters are follo*ed b&the stories of the patriar!hs, *hi!h preserve an!ient traditions no*kno*n to refle!t the !onditions of the ties of *hi!h the& tell,though they cannot #e treated as strictly historical. ...

it is not for histor& but for religion that the& are preserved ... Dhen *e!oe to the books of 9auel and Gings ... ot all in these books is of thesae histori!al value, and espe!iall& in the stories of Eli:ah and Elishathere are le%endary elements. ...

De should al*a&s reeber the variet& of literar& fors found in theible, and should read a passage in the light of its o*n parti!ular literar&!hara!ter.

)e%end should #e read as le%endand poetr& as poetr&, and notwith a dull prosaic and literalistic mind.?


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%his is the sae t&pe of rationalisti! *i!kedness that appearsin 8et2gers notes in the'eaders igest Condensed (ible.

%his odernisti! foolishness, of !ourse, is a lie.

%he 7entateu!h *as *ritten b& the hand of #od and 8oses and !opleted

during the B &ears of *ilderness *andering hundreds of &ears before9auel and the kings.

%he $ld %estaent did not arise graduall& fro a atri' of &th andhistor&, but is inspired revelation delivered to hol& en of old b& Alightod. %he Je*s *ere a 0people of the book0 fro the beginning. %he Je*ishnation did not for the ible; the ible fored the Je*ish nationL

In 8et2gers 0Introdu!tion to the e* %estaent0 in the


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Even the 7ope of Roe defends the full and absolute deit& of Christ. A an!an defend the deit& of Christ and still be a false tea!her. A an *ho deniesthe *ritten Dord also denies the /iving Dord.

%he& stand or fall together. If the ible !ontains error, Christ *as a liar. If

Christ is perfe!t %ruth, so is the ible.InThe


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%he variet& in the a!tual Canon in its different fors is not onl& thestandard s&pto, but siultaneousl& also the real !ause of its illness.%his illness *hi!h is in blatant !onfli!t *ith the unit& *hi!h isfundaental to its nature !annot be tolerated. ...

Along this road of solving this supposed probleK, at an& rate, theuestion of the Canon *ill ake its *a& to the !entre of the theologi!aland e!!lesiasti!al debate. ...

$nl& he *ho is read& to uestion hiself and to take the other personseriousl& !an find a *a& out of the !ir!uus vitiosus in *hi!h the uestionof the Canon is oving toda& ...

%he first thing to be done, then, *ould be to e'aine !riti!all& ones o*nsele!tion fro the foral Canon and its prin!iples of interpretation, butall the tie reaining !opletel& alive to the sele!tion and prin!iples of

others. ...%his road *ill be long and laborious and painful. ...

if *e su!!eed in arriving at a Canon *hi!h is !oon and a!tual, thiseans the a!hieveent of the unit& of the faith, the unit& of the Chur!h0(Aland, The .roblem of the


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1e denies the substitutionar& blood atoneent of Christ (ida, %heor& and7ra!ti!e, +55, p. ?).

1e denies that Christ died to satisf& #od"s :usti!e. 1e believes the blood ofthe !ross *as erel& s&boli! of Christ"s death and is never used in the

ible 0in the sense of propitiation.04444444444444444444

BRC$ M$T;$Rbelieves 8oses did not *rite the 7entateu!h,>euterono& *as not *ritten until @BB &ears before Christ, the $ld%estaent is a i'ture of 0&th, legend, and histor&,0 the re!ord of the

*orld*ide flood of oah"s da& is e'aggerated, the book of Job is a folktale,the ira!le a!!ounts about Eli:ah and Elisha !ontain 0legendar& eleents,0Isaiah *as *ritten b& Isaiah plus t*o or three unkno*n en *ho *rote!enturies later, the re!ord of Jonah is a 0legend,0 >aniel does not !ontain

supernatural prophe!&, 7aul did not *rite the 7astoral Epistles, 7eter didnot *rite 7eter, et!. All of these unbelieving lies !an be found in the notesto the Reader"s >igest Condensed ible, *hi!h *ere *ritten b& 8et2ger,and in the e* $'ford Annotated ible, of *hi!h 8et2ger is a !o4editor.

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KCRT


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%he Masoretic Te3t(MT) is the 1ebre*te't of the Je*ish ible (%anakh

). It defines not :ust thebooks of the Je*ish !anon, but also the pre!iseletter4te't of the bibli!al books in Judais, as *ell as

theirvo!ali2ationand a!!entuationfor both publi! reading and privatestud&. %he 8% is also *idel& used as the basis for translations of the $ld%estaentin 7rotestant ibles, and in re!ent de!ades alsofor Catholi!ibles.

%he 8% *as priaril& !opied, edited and distributed b& a group of Je*skno*n as the 8asoretes#etween the seventh and tenth centuries.

%hough the !onsonants differ little fro the te't generall& a!!epted in theearl& se!ond !entur& (and also differ little fro soe6urante'ts that are

even older), it has nuerous differen!es of both greater and lessersignifi!an!e *hen !opared to (e'tant th !entur&) anus!ripts ofthe !eptua%int, a #reek translation (ade in the rd to nd !enturies C)of the 1ebre* 9!riptures that *as in popular use in Eg&pt and 7alestineand that is often uoted in the Christian e* %estaent.

%he 1ebre* *ord mesorah( ., alt ) refers to the transission of a tradition.

In a ver& broad sense it !an refer to the entire !hain of Je*ish tradition(see $ral la*), but in referen!e to the masoretic te3tthe

*ord mesorahhas a ver& spe!ifi! eaning the dia!riti! arkings of thete't of the 1ebre* ible and !on!ise arginal notes in anus!ripts (andlater printings) of the 1ebre* ible*hi!h note te'tual details, usuall&about the pre!ise spelling of *ords.

%he oldest e'tant fragents of the 8asoreti! %e't date fro appro'iatel&the ninth !entur& A>,+Kand theAleppo Code'(the oldest !op& ofthe 8asoreti! %e't, but issing the %orah) dates fro the tenth !entur&.

44444444444444444444

The Ben aniel oberg published a te't of the $ld %estaent under thenae 0First Rabbini! ible.0
http://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Tanakhhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Development_of_the_Jewish_Bible_canonhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Judaismhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Niqqudhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Cantillationhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Biblehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Roman_Catholichttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Masoreteshttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Qumranhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Septuaginthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Oral_lawhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Hebrew_Biblehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/lhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Aleppo_Codexhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Torahhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Tanakhhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Development_of_the_Jewish_Bible_canonhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Judaismhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Niqqudhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Cantillationhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Biblehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Roman_Catholichttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Masoreteshttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Qumranhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Septuaginthttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Oral_lawhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Hebrew_Biblehttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/lhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Aleppo_Codexhttp://www.oneinmessiah.net/wiki/Torah


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%his te't *as follo*ed in +? b& a se!ond edition that had been !opiledfro an!ient anus!ripts b& a 1ebre* s!holar and !onverted Je*ish Rabbinaed Abraha en Cha&&i.

%oda& this *ork is !alled the en Cha&&i 8asoreti! %e't, and is the te't

that underlies the $ld %estaent of the Ging Jaes ible. %he *ord0asoreti!0 !oes fro the 1ebre* *ord 0esor0 eaning traditional.%he 8asoretes *ere the s!ribes that *ere given the responsibilit& ofguarding and keeping the te't of the $ld %estaent, and keep it *ell the&surel& did, as *e shall soon see.

%he en Cha&&i 8asoreti! te't *as the un!ontested te't of the $ld%estaent for over four hundred &ears.

The Ben hayyim te3t was used in the first two editions of?Bi#lia 0e#raica? #y Rudolph Kittel, usually referred to as B0K,pu#lished in 782H and 7871.

0owever, in 78=9, Kittel chan%ed his 0e#rew te3t from theBen hayyim to the Ben .

=sing the pe!uliar logi! of that da&, *hi!h believed that older ust al*a&sbe better, Gittel published his +5@ edition based on this 0older0 te't.

0is 78=9 edition had a#out 12,222 chan%es (most of them minor,#ut chan%es nevertheless" from the Ben hayyimte3t.

Both te3ts are still referred to as ?Masoretic,? so care must #eta+en as to which te3t is #ein% referred to.

It had apparently not dawned on Kittel that the Ben


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$ne final *ork *ould not onl& propel hi ba!k into the lielight ofs!holarl& re!ognition, but *ould provide the funds for his ipendingretireent. 1e found a large and re!eptive arket in the rapidl& gro*ingodernist !ap that had gro*n to hate the traditional te'ts of both the $ldand e* %estaents.

In 78HH there was a further revision of Kittel4s ?Bi#lia 0e#raica?called ?Bi#lia 0e#raica !tutt%artensia,? which was also #ased onthe ?older? Ben


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Jeroe"s 3ulgate (also *ritten in /atin for the Roan Chur!h) *as re:e!tedb& the earl& Christians for alost a illenniu.

%he Daldenses, #auls, Celts, Albegenses and other groups throughoutEurope used the $ld /atin 3ulgate and re:e!ted Jeroe"s 3ulgate. In his

book An =nderstandable 1istor& of the ible Rev.9auel #ipp %h.> !onfirs this fa!t. 1e *rites

"The Old Latin Vulgate was used by the Christians in the churches ofthe Waldenses, Gauls, Celts, Albegenses and other fundamental grousthroughout !uroe

This Latin version became so used and beloved by orthodo# Christiansand was in such common use by the common eole that it assumed theterm $Vulgate$ as a name

Vulgate comes from $vulgar$ which is the Latin word for $common$ %t was

so esteemed for its faithfulness to the deity of Christ and its accuratereroductions of the originals, that these early Christians let &erome$s

'oman Catholic translation $sit on the shelf$

&erome$s translation was not used by the true (iblical Christians foralmost a millennium after it was translated from corruted manuscritsby &erome in )*+ A

!ven then it only came into usage due to the death of Latin as a commonlanguage, and the violent, wic-ed ersecutions waged against truebelievers by .oe Gregory %/ during his reign from 0112 to 0131 A"

4'ef5(16>avid Fuller !onfirs this fa!t "%t is clearly evident that the Latin (ible ofearly (ritish Christianity was not the Latin (ible 4Vulgate6 of the

.aacy" (RefF5)

444#od"s appointed guardians of the $ld %estaent %e't *ere the Je*sa!!ording to Roans +4, 0Dhat advantage then hath the Je*P or *hatprofit is there in !ir!u!isionP 8u!h in ever& *a& !hiefl&, be!ause thatunto the *ere !oitted the ora!les of #od.0

%he ethods used b& the Je*s in fulfilling their responsibilities as theguardians of these sa!red te'ts is an interesting stud&. %here *ere eightrules that the Je*ish !op&ists used in the !op&ing of the te'ts

+. %he par!hent ust be ade fro the skin of a !lean anial (!leaneaning !ereoniall& !lean a!!ording to the $ld %estaent sanitar& la*s);


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ust be prepared b& a Je* onl&, and the skins ust be fastened together b&strings taken fro !lean anials.

. Ea!h !olun ust have no less than fort&4eight, nor ore than si't&lines. %he entire !op& ust be first lined.

. %he ink ust be of no other !olor than bla!k, and it ust be prepareda!!ording to a spe!ial re!ipe.

. o *ord nor letter !ould be *ritten fro eor&; the s!ribe ust havean authenti! !op& before hi, and he ust read and pronoun!e aloud ea!h

*ord before *riting it.

?. 1e ust reverentl& *ipe his pen ea!h tie before *riting the *ord for

0#od0 (Elohi), and he ust *ash his *hole bod& before *riting the nae0Jehovah0 (/$R> in our Ging Jaes ibles), lest the 1ol& ae be!ontainated.

. 9tri!t rules *ere given !on!erning fors of the letters, spa!es bet*eenletters, *ords and se!tions, the use of the pen, the !olor of the par!hent,et!.

@. %he revision (to !orre!t an& errors) of a roll ust be ade *ithin thirt&da&s after the *ork *as finished; other*ise it *as *orthless. $ne istake

on a sheet !ondened the entire sheet. If three istakes *ere found on an&page, the entire anus!ript *as !ondened.

-. Ever& *ord and ever& letter *as !ounted, and if a letter *as oitted, or ifan e'tra letter *as inserted, or if t*o letters tou!hed one another, theanus!ript *as !ondened and destro&ed at on!e.

$%E 1. 9. 8iller, *riting in his book 0#eneral ibli!al Introdu!tion0,sa&s 09oe of these rules a& appear e'tree and absurd, &et the& sho*

ho* sa!red the 1ol& Dord of the $ld %estaent *as to its !ustodians, theJe*s, and the& give us strong en!ourageent to believe that *e have thereal $ld %estaent, the sae one that our /ord had and *hi!h *as given

b& inspiration of #od.0

9o then, our onl& !hoi!e is bet*een the traditional 1ebre* 8asoreti! %e'tthat has been the standard te't of the $ld %estaent for *ell over t*o


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thousand &ears, and is represented b& the vast a:orit& of the e'isting $ld%estaent anus!ripts, or the ne*, odern te't that has onl& a little inoranus!ript support, and leaves out or !hanges bet*een B,BBB and B,BBB

*ords in the $ld %estaent.

%he !hoi!e is obvious, onl& the %raditional (en Cha&&i) %e't !an la&!lai to uninterrupted use for all the generations fro the tie of >avid(7sal +) until no*.44444444444444444

M. in9pee!h; a %h.>. *ith honors in ible E'position; and he holds both e*Jerse& and 7enns&lvania tea!her !ertifi!ates in #reek and /anguage Arts.

1e taught #reek, 1ebre*, ible, 9pee!h, and English for ore than ?&ears in nine s!hools. 1e has produ!ed ore than @BB studies on the ible

and other sub:e!ts.?The word PMasoretic4 comes from masor, a 0e#rew wordmeanin% Ptraditional.4 It means to hand down from person toperson.

The Masoretes handed down this te3t from %eneration to%eneration, %uarded it and +ept it well.

There were families of 0e#rew scholars in Ba#ylon, in alestine,and in Ti#erius.


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They may very well #e correct in this.A I say Pconsonantal te3t4#ecause, as one school of thin+in% understands it, ori%inally the0e#rew was written only in consonantsJ there were no vowels.

?The Masoretes flourished from a#out 22 to 7222 . They

were supposed to have standardi'ed the 0e#rew .T. in a#outH22-922 . #y puttin% in the vowel pointin%s to aid in thepronunciation of the consonantal te3t.

Their te3t is called the Masoretic Te3t or M.T. if you want toa##reviate it.

0Dhat about the 1ebre* te't used b& the GJ3 translatorsP 1ere is soeba!kground on it.

%he >aniel oberg edition, +?+4+@, *as !alled the First Rabbini! ible.%hen in +?4?, oberg published a se!ond edition edited b& Abraha

en Cha&&i (or en 1a&&i) iben Adoni:ah. %his is !alled theen Cha&&i edition of the 1ebre* te't. >anieloberg"s edition, on

*hi!h the GJ3 is based, *as the en Cha&&i 8asoreti! %e't.

%his *as !alled the 9e!ond #reat Rabbini! ible. %his be!ae thestandard 8asoreti! te't for the ne't BB &ears.

0%he en Cha&&i 8asoreti! %e't *as used even in the first t*o editionsof iblia 1ebrai!a b& Rudolf Gittel.

%he dates on those first t*o editions *ere +5B and +5+. 1e used the sae1ebre* te't as the GJ3 translators.

0%he edition *e used *hen I *as a student of >r. 8errill F. =nger at >allas%heologi!al 9einar& (+5-4?), *as the +5@ edition ofthe iblia 1ebrai!a b& Gittel. All of a sudden, in +5@, Gittel !hanged his1ebre* edition and follo*ed *hat the& !alled the en Asher8asoreti! %e'tinstead of the en Cha&&i.

%he& follo*ed, in that te't, the /eningrad anus!ript. %he date on it *as+BB- A.>. %his *as not the traditional 8asoreti! %e't that *as used forBB &ears and *as the basis of the Ging Jaes ible.

%he& !hanged it and used this /eningrad anus!ript. 9o even the ain te'tused b& the GJ3, A93, and I3 in the 1ebre* is different fro thatused for the Ging Jaes ible.

%he footnotes in Gittel"s iblia 1ebrai!a suggest fro B,BBB to B,BBB!hanges throughout the *hole $ld %estaent.


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0%he reason that ost of the 1ebre* departents, in !olleges, universities,and seinaries *ho tea!h 1ebre*, use the en Asher 1ebre* %e't insteadof the en Cha&&i %e't is the sae reason the& use the !riti!al #reek te'tin the .%. %he& believe the 0oldest0 te'ts, either in 1ebre* or in #reek,ust al*a&s be the best. ot ne!essaril&.

%hese so4!alled 0old0 te'ts of the .%., su!h as Q" (3ati!an) and QAleph"(9inai) and their soe allies *ere !orrupted, I believe, b& hereti!s *ithinthe first +BB &ears after the original .%. books *ere *ritten.

%herefore, even though these ight be the oldest, the& *ere do!tored b&hereti!s and therefore are not the 0best.0

$ther te'ts, even though the& ight be later, if the& follo* the *ords of theoriginal, ust therefore be the ones to use. %hose te'ts *hi!h agree *iththe original do!uents are those *hi!h the GJ3 has follo*ed.

0%hen there *as a revision of Gittel"s iblia 1ebrai!a. It *as !alledthe iblia 1ebrai!a 9tuttgartensia, the 9tuttgart edition of +5@4@@, basedalso on the sae en Asher te't.

%hat is based on the /eningrad Code' *hi!h is the sae one therevised Gittel ible of +5@ used.

0In addition to !hanges based on using the *rong 1ebre* base, theodern versionsK also ake !orre!tions based upon the follo*ing spurious!riteria (+) %he 9eptuagint; () !on:e!ture; () the 9&ria! version; () soe1ebre* anus!ripts; (?) the /atin 3ulgate; () the >ead 9ea s!rolls; (@)

#reek $.%. translations su!h as the Auila, 9&a!hus, and %heodotion;(-) the 9aaritan 7entateu!h; (5) uotations fro Jeroe; (+B) Josephus;(++) an an!ient 1ebre* s!ribal tradition; the %argus; (+)the Ju'ta1ebrai!a of Jeroe for the 7sals; (+) a different set of 1ebre*

vo*els and !onsonants *hi!h !reate different divisions in the te't.

08& !on!lusion is even if there are seeing !ontradi!tions in the traditional1ebre* te't, I feel it is iperative to stand b& this %e't and let the /ordfigure out *hat a& see to be !ontradi!tions to us.

Geep *hat #od has given and preserved through the ages.

%he Ging Jaes translators !ae along and sa* *hat the1ebre* 8asoreti! te't said and sipl& translated it right over into theEnglish.

%he& didn"t uibble *ith it; the& didn"t tr& to haroni2e it. ... ever beashaed of the traditional 8asoreti! 1ebre* te't that underlies the GingJaes ibleL


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It *as a!!uulated b& the Je*s in fulfillent of Ro. +4 . De agree *ith>ean John Dillia urgon *ho *rote of 0the in!redible foll& of tinkering

*ith the 1ebre* te't0 (fro a letter April -, +--?, appearing in the#uardian, as uoted in John Dillia urgon , /ate >ean of Chi!hester 44Aiograph&, +-5, b& Ed*ard 8a&ri!k #oulburn).

0ot onl& *as the 9!ripture a!!uulated b& the Je*s, but it *as authori2edb& Jesus.

Jesus Christ authori2ed the traditional 8asoreti! 1ebre* $.%. te't (8t.; ?+@4+-; /k. @,). %he /ord Jesus Christ never refuted an& te't,an& *ord, or an& letter in the 1ebre* $.%.

1e didn"t sa&, Qo* 8oses *as isuoted here, it should have been this..."

1e offered no te'tual !riti!is *hatever. 1ad there been an& !hanges, I"sure 1e *ould have !orre!ted it, but 1e didn"t. It stands *rittenL 1is stap

of approval is on the 8asoreti! 1ebre* te't.

0After u!h stud&, thinking, and pra&ing about this sub:e!t, I havepersonall& arrived at a strong !onvi!tion that I *ill not budge fro thetraditional 8asoreti! 1ebre* te't on *hi!h our Ging Jaes ible is based.%hat is it. I" not going to ove.

I report, you decide

!halom

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