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My ABC Book of U.S. History
Mallory Kreidler2nd
5-17-11
ABOLITIONIST: a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery
AMBUSH: a surprise attack
ABSTAIN: to not take part in some activity, such as voting
ARSENAL: a storage place for weapons and ammunition
BOYCOTT: to refuse to buy items from a particular country
BOND: a not issued by the government, which promises to pay off a loan with interest
BOUNTY: money given as a reward such as to encourage enlistment in the army
BURGESSES: elected representatives to an assembly
CABINET: a group of advisers to the president
CALIFORNIOS: Mexicans who lived in California
CANAL: an artificial waterwayCAPITAL: money for investment
DEBTOR: person or country that owes money DECREE: an order or decision given
by one in authority
DEMILITARIZE: to remove armed forces from an area
DEPRECIATE: to fall in value
EFFIGY: rag figure representing an unpopular individual
EMANCIPATE: to free from slavery
EMBARGO: an order prohibiting rade with another country
EXPORT: to sell goods aboard
FAMINE: an extreme shortage of food FEDERALISTS: supporters of the constitution
FRIGATE: warshipFUGITIVE : runaway or trying to runaway
GENOCIDE: the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group
GLOBAL WARMING: a steady increase in average world tempatures
GREENBACK: a piece of U. S. paper money first issued by the North during the civil war.
Guerrilla warfare: referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than organized warfare
Hebeas corpus: alegal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
HIEROGLYPHICS: an ancient form of writing using symbols and pictures to represent words, sounds, and concepts
HOLOCAUST: the name given to the mass slaughter of Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World War 2
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION: the combining of competing firms into one corporation
IMPORT: to buy goods from foreign markets
IMPRESSMENT: forcing people into service as in the navy
INTERNET: a world wide linking of computer networks
IRONCLAD: armored naval vessel
JOINT OCCUPATION: the possession and settling of an area shared by two or more countries
JAMESTOWN: 1st permanent English settlement in North America
Japan: island country in Eastern Asia
JUDICIAL REVIEW: the right of the supreme court to determine if a law violates the constitution
Kansas: state in central United States, fighting over slavery issue in 1850s gave territory the Name “Bleeding Kansas”
KENTUCKY: border state that sided with the Union during the Civil War
Korea: peninsula in eastern Asia between China, Russia, and the sea of Japan, on which are the conteries North Korea and South Korea
Kuwait: country of the Middle East in Southwestern Asia between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Landslide: an overwhelming victory
Legislative branch: the branch of government that makes the nation’s laws
Literacy: the ability to read and write
Lynching: putting to death a person by the Illegal action of a mob
Maize: an early form of corn grown by Native Americans
Majority: more than half
Mission: religious settlement Mosque: a Muslim house of worship
Nationalism: loyalty to a nation and promotion of its interests above all others
Naturalization: to grant full citizenship to a foreigner
Neutral: taking no side in a conflict
Nullify: to cancel or make ineffective
Offensive: position of attacking or the attack iteself
Ordinance: a law or regulation
Override: to overturn or defeat, as a bill proposed in Congress
Overseer: a person who supervises a large operation or its workers
Partisan: favoring one side of an issue
Perjury: lying when one has sworn an oath to tell the truth
Petition: a formal request
Precedent: a tradition
Radical: extremeRatify: to give official approval
Recruit: to enlist soldiers in the army
Repeal: to cancel an act or law
Secede: to leave or withdraw
Secession: withdrawal from the Union
Sectionalism: loyalty to a region
Smuggling: trading illegally with other nations
Tariff: a tax on imports or exports
Tejano: a Mexican who claims Texas as his home
Toleration: the acceptance of different beliefs
Total war: war on all aspects of the enemy’s life
Unalienable right: a right that cannot be surrendered
Unconstitutional: not agreeing or consistent with the Constitution
Underground Railroad: a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North
Utopia: community bases on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers
Vaquero: Hispanic ranch hand
Vertical integration: the combining of companies that supply equipment and services needed for a particular industry
Veto: to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law
Vigilantes: people who take the law into their own hands
War hawks: Republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britian
Writ of Assistance: legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled
XYZ affair: Diplomatic scandal that almost caused another war, this one between the United States and France.
Yankee: Union solider Yellow journalism: a type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting
Yeoman: southern owner of a small farm who did not have enslaved people
Zinger, John Paul: he was a writer