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MWRF Design Challenges and
Considerations in the current
Climate with 5G and CAV
Dr. Alistair Wingfield
1st November
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Welcome and Overview
Progression of MWRF in Automotive Industry
Progression of MWRF in Hi Tech Industry
Example: Similar Antennas, different problems/Pitfalls?
Unforeseen Problems
Conclusions
Presentation Overview
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Fast-Paced Evolution – Back to History…
5th Avenue NY, 1900 – One Automobile 5th Avenue NY, 1913 – One Horse
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1913 to Present Day – MWRF Evolution
100 years ago 50 years ago Today
*Pictures taken from Wikipedia
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z
Current Day and Beyond
CONNECTEDELECTRIC AUTONOMOUS
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2016
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VEHICLE
ENGINEERING
VEHICLE
EXPERIENCE
RETHINK
Full Vehicle
Chassis Body
ICE Powertrain
Interiors
- Keep existing DNA of car brands
- Stronger systems dependencies
- Fast new technologies ramp-up
- Autonomous EV driving experience
- Existing behaviour analysis for better experiences
- New services & usage projection
TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
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Antilock Braking
Active Exhaust Noise Suppression
Active Suspension
Active Vibration Control
Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive Front LightingAirbag Deployment
Autonomous Emergency Braking
Battery Management
Blind Spot Detection
Cabin Environment Controls
Entertainment System
Communication Systems
Convertible Top Control
Cylinder Deactivation
Driver Alertness Monitoring
Electronic Seat Control
Electronic Stability Control
Electronic Throttle Control
Electronic Toll Collection
Electronic Valve Timing
Engine ControlHead-Up Displays
Hill Hold Control
Idle Stop-Start
Instrument Cluster
Intelligent Turn Signals
Interior Lighting
Lane Departure WarningLane Keeping Assist
Navigation
Night Vision Systems
On-Board Diagnostics
Parking Systems
Pre-crash Safety
Rear-view Camera
Regenerative Braking
Remote Keyless Entry
Security Systems
Tire Pressure Monitoring
Traction Control
Traffic Sign Recognition
Transmission Control
Windshield Wiper Control
Antennas
Antennas
Electric Motor Generator ChargerInverter
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Antilock Braking
Active Exhaust Noise Suppression
Active Suspension
Active Vibration Control
Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive Front LightingAirbag Deployment
Autonomous Emergency Braking
Battery Management
Blind Spot Detection
Cabin Environment Controls
Entertainment System
Communication Systems
Convertible Top Control
Cylinder Deactivation
Driver Alertness Monitoring
Electronic Seat Control
Electronic Stability Control
Electronic Throttle Control
Electronic Toll Collection
Electronic Valve Timing
Engine ControlHead-Up Displays
Hill Hold Control
Idle Stop-Start
Instrument Cluster
Intelligent Turn Signals
Interior Lighting
Lane Departure WarningLane Keeping Assist
Navigation
Night Vision Systems
On-Board Diagnostics
Parking Systems
Pre-crash Safety
Rear-view Camera
Regenerative Braking
Remote Keyless Entry
Security Systems
Tire Pressure Monitoring
Traction Control
Traffic Sign Recognition
Transmission Control
Windshield Wiper Control
Antennas
Antennas
Electric Motor Generator ChargerInverter
FM / DAB Antennas Multiband Rooftop Antennas
Antilock BrakingConnectivity and V2V 77 GHz Automotive Radar
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INDUSTRY CHALLENGES | CAV & EV
• Large number of interfering antenna systems together
with packaging constraints
• Optimizing antenna system configuration for multiple
car configurations
• Disconnected tools, organizations, and processes
ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES
ENGINEERING CHALLENGES
• Find optimal (invisible) position of antenna systems
• Manage unwanted interference of antennas and other
electric equipment in the car
• Ensure reliable operation in varying environmental
conditions (dust, dry, rain, snow, etc.)
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Progression of MWRF in Hi-Tech
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Smart Projector Example
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Projector Unit
Battery Battery
Speakers
Electronics
Aluminium
Frame
Height: 190 mm
Width: 324 mm
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Beamy | Engineering Requirements
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Connectivity• Choose and place antennas for constant connectivity
• EMI – Mulitple antennas and faster electronics
• SI – Ensuring the Signal Integrity of PCBs
Compliance• Ensure Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Structural Integrity • Prevent failure under severe loads such as drop
Thermal Management• Facilitate heat dissipation and prevent overheating
…..
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Conceptual Design
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Beamy Antenna Considerations
v0
v0.1“GDE”
v1“CNC”
v2“lattice”Possible
antenna
locations
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Off-The-Shelf or Custom Design?
• Pros
• Quick dev, easy to source and plan
• Cons
• What if it doesn’t work?
• How do we even simulate this?
• Pros
• Full control and knowledge
• Cons
• Requires design, experimentation
and planning to build reproducibly
Off-the-shelf antenna Custom designed antenna
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Antenna Design and Placement Workflow
3
1 2
45
Get CAD and
choose potential
positions.
Find
candidate
antennas.
Build
assembly
& evaluate
individual
antennas
in situ.
Find
complementary
combinations.+
Propose a small
selection of
practical solutions.
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INDUSTRY CHALLENGES | Hi Tech
• Large number of interfering antenna systems together
with packaging constraints
• Optimizing antenna system configuration for multiple
device configurations
• Disconnected tools, organizations, and processes
ENGINEERING OBJECTIVES
ENGINEERING CHALLENGES
• Find optimal (invisible) position of antenna systems
• Manage un/wanted interference of antennas and other
electric equipment in the car DEVICE
• Ensure reliable operation in varying environmental
conditions (dust, dry, rain, snow, etc. Handheld, etc)
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Example: Array – CAV and 5G
• Antenna Arrays are increasingly utilised in different markets
• HI TECH – 5G, IoT related (>75bn devices by 2025)
• Base Stations
• Handheld devices
• AUTOMOTIVE
• Long Range Radar
• Flying Taxi 360 Detection
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Example: Array – CAV and 5G
• Antenna Arrays are increasingly utilised in different markets
• HI TECH – 5G, IoT related (>75bn devices by 2025)
• Base Stations
• Handheld devices
• AUTOMOTIVE
• Long Range Radar (77GHz)
• Flying Taxi 360 Detection
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Example: Array – Automotive
• Antenna Arrays are increasingly utilised in different markets
• HI TECH – 5G, IoT related (>75bn devices by 2025)
• Base Stations
• Handheld devices
• AUTOMOTIVE
• Long Range Radar (77GHz)
• Flying Taxi 360 Detection
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Array Placement – Hi Tech (5G)
Frequency = 28GHz
Wavelength = ~2mm
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Array Placement - Automotive
Antenna Antenna+ Radome Integrated inside Platform
Range of scales
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Both scenarios have placed the antennas behind materials
The resonant frequency is very significant - 28GHz and 77GHz
What’s the worst that can happen?
Similarities
Both have reasonably predictable antenna patterns
Arrays being used for both cases
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2x8 Array Performance – Hi Tech
• Reasonable performance to 30 degrees
0 Degrees 15 Degrees 30 Degrees
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40 Degrees 60 Degrees
2x8 Array Performance – Hi Tech
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Array Performance – 60 Degrees
• Why the poor performance when scanning to 60º?
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Radar Application at 77 GHz – Antenna Design
Tx
Rx
S-Matrix
Elevation Elevation
Principal Plane Cuts of Tx and Rx Antennas
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Observation point
Tx Rx
Gives information about the useful angular range of the radar
Radar Application at 77 GHz – Antenna Design
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Radar Application at 77 GHz – Radome SimulationWithout
radome
With
radome
40°30°
10°
40°
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Simulation pitfall for Automotive Radar
• >742 Billions of mesh cells
• Almost impossible to simulate
• Hybrid simulation solution required
• Simulation can be environmental dependent
Integrated Package
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CAV Reliability – Simulation is keyReal-world conditions that cannot be reproduced in climatic wind tunnels
Wind Tunnel Conditions On-Road Wind Conditions
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Many Tools to Aid
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Many tools to aid
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The Modern Engineer needs to be multi-disciplined –awareness of all scenarios
Taking shortcuts can lead to damaged reputation or worse
Current testing methods sometimes don’t give the complete picture
To keep up with technology/testing development, simulation is increasingly employed
Complexity of simulations has dramatically increased
Conclusions
Technology is growing at alarming rates
Modern Softwares have vast capability, to adapt to multi-engineering environments
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Thanks for listening
Any Questions?
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