Music Travels

Trends in Italy, Germany, France, and England

Some Organists:Frescobaldi, Sweelinck, and Others

• Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643)– organist at St. Peter’s in Rome– the toccata and the partite– Cento partite sopra passacagli (1637)

[Anthology 1-69]• passacaglia• chaconne

Some Organists:Frescobaldi, Sweelinck, and Others

• Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562–1621)– chief organist at Amsterdam’s Oude Kerk– polyphonic vocal music – keyboard compositions• organ, harpsichord, virginal

Lutheran Adaptations

• The Chorale Partita– polyphonic instrumental chorale setting– Scheidt, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1624)

[Anthology 1-70]

Lutheran Adaptations

• The Chorale Partita– polyphonic instrumental chorale setting– Scheidt, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1624)

[Anthology 1-70]

• The Chorale Concerto– mixed vocal and instrumental genre– Schein, Christ lag in Todesbanden (1618)

[Anthology 1-71]

Germany, the Thirty Years War, and Heinrich Schütz

• The Thirty Years War (1618–1648)• Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672)– employed by Landgrave Moritz– studied with Gabrieli in Venice

(1609–1612)– employed by the Elector of Saxony in

in Dresden 1614– returns to Venice in 1628

The “Luxuriant Style”

• stylus luxurians• stylus gravis• Schütz, Symphoniae sacrae (1629)– sacred concertos– O quam tu pulchra es [Anthology 1-72]

Back to Germany at War

• 1633: Dresden musical establishment disabled• Schütz, Kleine geistliche Concerte (1636 and

1639)– up to 5 solo voices and continuo

Back to Germany at War

• 1648: Peace of Westphalia• Symphoniae sacrae, second book (1647)• Geistliche Chor-music (1648)• Symphoniae sacrae, third book (1650)– Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich? [Anthology 1-

73]

Oratorio and Cantata

• Oratorio• Giacomo Carissimi (1605–1674)– Jepthe (1648)

Oratorio and Cantata

• Cantata• Barabara Strozzi (1619–1677)– 8 books of madrigals, cantatas, and

arias– Diporti di Euterpe, seventh book

(1659)• Lagrime mie [Anthology 1-75]

• Maddalena Casulana – 3 books of madrigals (1568–1583)

• Francesca Caccini (1587 – ca. 1641)– book of monodies (1618)– La liberazione di Ruggerio dall’isola d’Alcina (1625)

Tragédie Lyrique: The Politics of Patronage

• King Louis XIV (1638–1715)• Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602–1661)• Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687)• Académie Royale de Musique (est.

1669)• Tragédie lyrique

Drama as Court Ritual

• Lully, 13 tragédie lyriques– French Overture– ballet de cour– les vingt-quatre violons du Roi

(the 24 violins of the King)– agréments, “graces”

Atys, the King’s Opera(1676)

• [Anthology 1-76]• Libretto by Philippe Quinault (1635–1688)

Jean-Philippe Rameau(1683–1764)

• Castor et Pollux (1737) [Anthology 1-77]– ariette

Jacobean England

• James I (reigned 1603–1625)• Masques• Consort Music

“these distracted times”

• British Civil War (1640s)• Commonwealth (1649–1660)

Stuart Restoration

• The Restoration• Charles II• Restoration masques• Semi-operas– The Tempest (1674)• music by 5 different composers

– The Fairy Queen (1692)• music by Henry Purcell

Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas and the Question of “English Opera”

• [Anthology 1-78]• Libretto by Nahum Tate• Synthesis of French and Italian

ingredients– French overture– Italian-style solo singing– Venetian lament