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Music, Theatre, Dance, Art1825-1900
Form character pieces, concertos, dances, etudes and
variations Harmony
chromatic harmony, accidentals, diminished, and dominant sevenths and modulation to distant keys
Thick textures with full chords were popular Piano was main instrument of this period Rhythm
Complex rhythms with two notes against three were used
Sycopation Style
Expressive personal feeling, singing (cantabile) lines, varied accompaniment figures, varied phrase lengths and varied dynamics and tempos were popular.
Symphony Tone Poem Concert Overture Opera Lieder
Expansion of the Classical Symphony Many movements (more than 4), many instruments Program Music- Told a story, uses musical themes
to represent characters Hector Berlioz- Symphonie Fantastique
Told story of a young man’s love for a woman Listen to the Symphony & see if you can
recognize reoccurring themes & music arranged to depict emotion and action.
Tone Poem- similar to symphony because it tells a story, but is one long movement. Ricard Strauss- Don Juan
Overture- Introduction to an Opera, also program music
Mendelsshon’s Fingal Cave Overture Opera
Famous composers of Romantic Opera: Verdi, Wagner
Lieder German for “song” Melody (usually sung) accompanied by piano Poetry set to music
Shubert’s Erlkonig- listen to the story it tells!
Before, most music was borrowed from Germany, France, or Italy regardless of composer’s nationality
Composers used native folk songs for melodies in their music
Russian Composers- Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky- Korsakov
Rimsky- Korsakov’s Flight of the Bumblebee
Czechoslovakian Composer Dvorak
Age of Independence Rise of the middle class, increase in
population in cities & towns Classical period ideas gave rise to more
individual thought and want of rights
Abiding Trust in nature’s goodness Emotions & instinct more important than reason
Equality of People Era of revolution (civil war in the United States)
Premium on detail Details are important on the pathway to truth
Ultimate Truth Artist became misunderstood geniuses, common people
could not understand Lead to melancholy in the arts
Art served an exhalted purpose The purpose of art was to lead people and resolve conflict.
Subjective Democratic criticism- one’s interpretation was as good as
another’s
Goethe- Faust Schiller- William
Tell
Backdrops similar to today
Gaslight lighting More special
effects with traps doors, running water, and moving backdrops
Brought the ballerina to new heights of glamour and popularity
Male dancer's role decreased 1830-1840 - The Golden Age of Ballet
Ballet became supremely popular during the Romantic Era.
The most important composer and ballet choreographer is Tchaikovsky
The Romanticism movement saw the Golden Age of ballet develop, as we see in Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite. The ballet is a narrative fantasy, for it shows the toys of a child coming to life and having an adventure. Part of the Nutcracker Suite is the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy," a fantasy of magic, whim, and emotion typical of the Romantic period.
The Nutcracker shows two key elements of the Romantic Period:1. a tendency to portray life as it is not; it may distort the
real world in order to escape from it, and2. reason came in second to feeling and intuition. Writers
abandon the old rules and started using stylized methods.
Exposition A mysterious magician and toymaker once
invented a trap that killed off half the mouse population.
In revenge, the wicked Mouse Queen cast a spell on Drosselmeyer's nephew, Hans-Peter.
Transformed him into an ugly nutcracker doll. The only way to break the spell is for the
Nutcracker to slay the Mouse King and for a young girl to love and care for him in spite of his awful appearance.
Drosselmeyer gives his nephew to Clara as a Christmas gift, hoping to end the curse.
At the end of the Christmas party, Clara goes downstairs and finds Drosselmeyer waiting to put her into a magical land
The magician summons the Mouse King and he and The Nutcracker fight.
The Nutcracker slays the Mouse King, but only through the intervention of Clara, who, out of compassion, saves the Nutcracker's life.
Hans-Peter is restored to his real self.
Clara and The Nutcracker (now Hans-Peter) travel to the Land of Snow, then the Sugar Garden in the Kingdom of Sweets, where they meet the Sugar Plum Fairy
Drosselmeyer honors them for their bravery.
Returning to reality, Clara runs out to Drosselmeyer, but sees the human form of The Nutcracker instead
Drosselmeyer prays that his efforts will be rewarded.
His nephew returns; the spell has indeed been broken.
Watch a portion of The Nutcracker-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9nn6BcoRYo&feature=related
Romanticism was a reaction to Neoclassicism deeply-felt style which is individualistic,
exotic, beautiful and emotionally wrought North American Romantic artist
Hudson River School Painter’s inspired by Thomas Cole’s paintings of
the American WildernessThomas Cole’s River in the Catskills