MUSIC IN BRASIL

world’s largest countries

by physical area

1.russia

2.canada

3.china

4.united states

5.brazil

by population

1.china

2. india

3. indonesia

4.united states

5.brazil

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

humans first entered south america 100,000 to 20,000 bce (cave paintings) guarani, yanomani, tupi (uncontacted tribes) population of “brazil” in 1500: 5 million

PRE-COLUMBIAN BRAZIL

COLONIAL PERIOD

1500: portuguese colony founded

1807: portuguese royal family flees to brazil days before napoleon captures lisbon

1821: royal family returns to portugal

1822: prince pedro declares independence and is crowned emperor of brazil

1824: first constitution

COLONIAL PERIOD

virtually all Tupi were assimilated, enslaved, or exterminated.

first African slaves arrived c. 1550

SLAVERY IN THE US

total number of slaves imported into the us:

400-500,000 total

trans-atlantic slave trade database

SLAVERY IN BRAZIL

total number of slaves imported into brazil:

4-6 million

trans-atlantic slave trade database

1820 POPULATION

population of US in 1820 9.6 million total1.5 million slaves (16%)

population of Brazil in 1820:3.6 million total1 million slaves (30%)

75% of current brazilian population has african ancestry

AFRICANS IN BRAZIL

rio branco law (law of the free womb)passed brazilian congress in 1871

golden law abolished slavery in 1888(brazil declared a republic in 1889)

miscegenation and branqueamento

choro: musical miscegenation

CHORO | SAMBA

1860

1880

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

choro

samba

bossa nova

choro samba

jazz

ragtime

brazilian jazz

choro examples

vou vivendo | pixinguinha

noites cariocas | jacob do bandolim

devaneio | choro das 3

assanhado | armandinho & yamandu costa

samba examples

alvorada | cartola

kizomba, festa da raça | martinho da vila

coração vulgar | teresa cristina

romo ao infinito | maria rita