A&PMuscular System: Student Identification Guide

Anatomy and Physiology Page 2 of 25Muscles to Know M.Sewell 812J

ContentsMuscles of the Head, Face and Neck:......................................................................................................3

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall:..............................................................................................................5

Muscles That Move the Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle.................................................................................7

Muscles the Move the Arm.....................................................................................................................9

Flexors and Extensors of the Arm and Hand............................................................................................9

Muscles That Move the Femur..............................................................................................................12

Muscles That Move the Leg...................................................................................................................14

Muscles That Move the Feet and Toes..................................................................................................16

Practice Exercises..................................................................................................................................18

Anatomy and Physiology Page 3 of 25Muscles to Know M.Sewell 812J

Muscles to Know:

Muscles of the Head, Face and Neck: Orbicularis oculi Zygomaticus major and minor Nasalis Buccinator Orbicularis oris Mentalis Depressor anguli oris Epicranius

o Frontalis (occipitofrontalis)o Occipitalis

Temporalis Masseter Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

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Muscle Origin Insertion ActionBuccinator Maxilla and Mandible Orbicularis oris Compresses cheeks

Depressor anguli oris Mandible Angle of mouth Depresses corner of mouth

Depressor labii inferioris Mandible Skin of lower lip Depresses lower lip

Frontalis Galea aponeurotica Skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Levator labii superioris Maxilla  orbicularis oris Elevates upper lip

Mentalis Mandible Skin of chin Elevates and protrudes lower lip

Occipitalis Occipital and Temporal Galea aponeurotica Tenses and retracts scalp

Orbicularis oris Maxillary bone and mandible lips Compresses, purses lips

Orbicularis oculi Medial margin of orbit Skin around eyelids Closes eye

Platysma

Upper thorax between cartilage of second rib

and acromion of scapula

Mandible and skin of cheek

Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible

Risorious Fascia over parotid gland angle of mouth Draws corner of mouth

to the side

Zygomaticus major Zygomatic bone Angle of mouth  Retracts and elevates corner of mouth

Masseter zygomatic arch Mandible Elevates mandible

Temporalis Temporal and frontal bones Mandible Elevates mandible

Sternocleidomastoid Sternum and clavicle Temporal (mastoid process)

Together, flexes the neck; alone, one side bends head toward

shoulder and turns face to opposite side

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall: Pectoralis major Serratus anerior External obliques Internal obliques

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Transverse abdominis External and Internal intercostals Rectus abdominus Rectus sheath (aponeunosis) Linea alba Latissimus dorsi Erector spinae Psoas major

Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Rectus abdominis Pubic (crest and symphysis)

Cartilage of ribs (5-7) and xiphoid process

Flexes vertebral column, depresses ribs

and compresses abdomen

External abdominal External and inferior Iliac crest and linea Compresses abdomen;

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oblique borders of ribs 5-12 alba

depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes or rotates vertebral

column

Internal abdominal oblique

Lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest

Inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, and

pubis

As above

Transversus abdominis

Cartilages of inferior ribs, iliac crest, and lumbodorsal fascia

Linea alba and pubis Compresses abdomen

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Muscles That Move the Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle Trapeziuz Infraspinatus Deltoid Teres Major and minor Levator scapulae Rhomboid major and

minor Pectoralis major and

minor Subclavius Serratus anterior

The top image is a posterior view. Below is an anterior cut view (deep muscles).

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Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Subclavius First rib Clavicle Depresses and protracts shoulder

Pectoralis minor Ventral surfaces of ribs 3-5 Scapula

Depresses and protracts shoulder, rotates

scapula downward, elevates ribs

Serratus anterior Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-9 Scapula Protracts shoulder and

rotates scapula upward

Trapezius

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of

thoracic vertebrae

Clavicle and scapula

May elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward;

elevate clavicle; extend neck

Levator scapulae First 4 cervicle vertebrae Scapula Elevates scapula

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Muscles the Move the Arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Deltoid Teres major and minor Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi

Flexors and Extensors of the Arm and Hand Biceps brachii Tricpes brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicis longus Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis

longus Extensor carpi radialis

brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis

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Muscle Origin Insertion Action

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Pectoralis major Clavicle and sternum HumerusFlexion, adduction and

medially rotation of arm

Latissimus dorsi

Spines of lower thoracic and all lumbar

vertebrae, ribs 8-12, lumbodorsal fascia

HumerusExtension, adduction and medially rotation

of the arm

Deltoid Clavicle and scapula Humerus

Abduction at shoulder, also extension, flexion,

medial and lateral rotation

Subscapularis Scapula Humerus Medial rotation at shoulder joint

Supraspinatus Scapula Humerus Abduction at shoulder joint

Infraspinatus Scapula Humerus Lateral rotation at shoulder joint

Teres major Scapula HumerusExtension, adduction and medial rotation at

shoulder joint

Teres minor Scapula Humerus Lateral rotation at shoulder joint

Coracobrachialis Scapula Humerus Adduction and flexion at shoulder joint

Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Biceps brachii Scapula RadiusFlexion at elbow and shoulder, supinates

forearmBrachialis Humerus Ulna Flexes elbow

Brachioradialis Humerus Radius Flexes elbowTriceps brachii Scapula and Humerus Ulna Extends elbow

Muscles That Move the Femur Iliopsoas

o Psoas majoro Iliacus

Sartorius Pectineus Adductor magnus

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Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Gluteus maxumus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus

Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Psoas major Vertebrae T12-L5 Femur Flexes hip and/or lumbar spine

Illiacus Ilium Femur As aboveGluteus maximus Ilium, sacrum, coccyx Iliotibial tract and Extension and lateral

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and lumbodorsal fascia femur rotation at the hip

Gluteus medius Ilium Femur Abduction and medial rotation at the hip

Gluteus minimus Ilium Femur As above

Tensor fasciae latae Ilium Iliotibial tractFlexion and medial

rotation at hip; tenses fascia lata

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Muscles That Move the Leg Sartorius Quadriceps femoris

o Rectus femoriso Vastus lateraliso Vastus medialiso Vastus intermedius

Pectinieus Gracilis Adductor longus Iliotibial tract (IT-band) Adductor magnus Biceps femoris Semitendinosis Semimembranosus

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Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Rectus femoris Ilium Tibia Extends knee; flexes hip

Vastus lateralis Femur Tibia Extends kneeVastus medialis Femur Tibia Extends knee

Vastus intermedius Femur Tibia Extends kneeQuadratus femoris Ischium Femur As above

Adductor longus Pubis Femur Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

Adductor brevis Pubis Femur As above

Adductor magnus Pubis and Ischium Femur

As above but also inferior portion

produces extension and lateral rotation at hip

Pectineus Pubis FemurFlexion, medial

rotation and adduction at hip

Gracilis Pubis TibiaFlexes knee; adduction and medial rotation at

hip

Sartorius Ilium TibiaFlexes knee; flexion and lateral rotation at

hip

Biceps femoris Ischium and Femur Fibula and tibia Flexes knee; extends and laterally rotates hip

Semitendinosus Ischium Tibia Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; extends hip

Semimembranosus Ischium Tibia As above

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Muscles That Move the Feet and Toes Tibialis anterior Peroneus (Fibularis) longus Extensor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius (medial and

lateral heads) Soleus Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

Muscle Origin Insertion Action

Tibialis anterior Tibia First metatarsal and first cuneiform

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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Extensor hallucis longus Fibula Distal phalanx of great

toe extends joints of great

toeExtensor digitorum

longus Tibia and fibula  phalanges of toes 2-5  extends joints of toes 2-5

Peroneus longus Tibia and fibula First metatarsal and first cuneiform

Plantar flexes ankle and everts foot

Peroneus brevis Fibula Fifth metatarsal Plantar flexes ankle and everts foot

Gastrocnemius Femur Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

Plantar flexes ankle; inverts and adducts

foot; flexes knee

Soleus Fibula and tibia Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon) Plantar flexes ankle

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Practice Exercises

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