Muscle Anatomy

Muscle Attachment

All muscles are attached to at least two points: The origin is an

attachment to a immoveable bone.

The insertion is an attachment to an movable bone.

Types of Muscle Movement

Flexion Most often found in hinge joints. Brings two bones closer together.

Extension Opposite movement of flexion. Pulls two bones farther apart.

Hyperflexion or hyperextension Flexion beyond the normal position.

Types of Muscle Movement

Types of Muscle Movement

Abduction Pulls a limb away from the midline of the

body. Adduction

Pulls a limb toward the midline of the body. Elevation

Movement upwards, toward the head. Depression

Movement downwards, towards the feet.

Types of Muscle Movement

Types of Muscle Movement

Rotation Movement of a bone in a circular direction

around a central axis. Medial rotation is toward the midline. Lateral rotation is away from the midline.

Types of Muscle Movement

How Are Muscles Named?

Direction of muscle Rectus abdominis – Muscle fibers travel in a

straight direction. Relative size of the muscle

Gluteus maximus – Largest muscle in the gluteus group.

Location of the muscle Temporalis – Covers the temporal bone of the

cranium.

How Are Muscles Named?

Number of origins Biceps brachii – Two origin attachment sites.

Location of the muscle’s origin and/or insertion. Sternocleidomastoid – Origin is the sternum.

Shape of the muscle Deltoid – Triangular

Action of the muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris – Flexes the wrist.

Orbicularis Oris

Orbicularis Oculi

Sternocleidomastoid

TemporalisFrontalisZygomatic Bone

BuccinatorMasseter

Trapezius

Zygomaticus

Head and Neck Muscles The frontalis raises the eyebrows. The masseter and temporalis both elevate the mandible.

Chewing muscles The buccinator flattens the cheeks during chewing, holding

them against the teeth. The orbicularis oculi performs all eyelid movements,

including opening, closing, blinking, etc. The orbicularis oris closes the mouth with the lips. The zygomaticus raises the corners of the mouth when

smiling. The sternocleidomastoid rotates the head and flexes the

neck.

Sternocleidomastoid

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Sternum

Deltoid

Serratus Anterior

Clavicle

External Abdominal Oblique

Rectus Abdominis

Pectoralis Major

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Muscles of the Trunk

The pectoralis major adducts the humerus. The rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral

column and compresses the contents of the abdomen. The “pushing” muscle of defecation, childbirth, and

forced breathing. The transversus abdominis also performs this

action. The external and internal obliques rotate the

trunk.

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Deltoid

Teres MajorInfraspinatus

External Oblique

Latissimus Dorsi

Muscles of the Dorsal Trunk

The trapezius elevates and depresses the scapula.

The latissimus dorsi adducts the humerus. The deltoid abducts the arm. The triceps brachii extends the arm.

Deltoid

Bracioradialis

Biceps

Extensor Digitorum

Triceps

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Carpi Radialis

Anterior Muscles of the Arm

The biceps brachii flexes the arm.

Posterior Muscles of the Leg

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

SemitendinosusBiceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Anterior Muscles of the Leg

Gluteus medius

Tensor Fascia Latae

Sartorius

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Medialis

Fibularis

Tibialis Anterior

Vastus Lateralis

Soleus

Gracilis

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg

The gluteus maximus adducts and extends the leg.

The gluteus medius abducts the leg. The hamstring group flexes the knee.

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

The gastrocnemius extends the foot, the soleus flexes it.

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg

The sartorius flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh. Look at the bottom of your foot while standing

to demonstrate these actions. The quadriceps group extends the knee.

Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedialis (a deep muscle)

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh, and Leg

The tibialis anterior and fibularis muscles flex the foot.

Frontalis

Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid

External Oblique

Gluteus MediusTensor Fascia Latae

Rectus FemorisVastus LateralisVastus Medialis

Fibularis Longus

Soleus

Tibialis Anterior

TemporalisOrbicularis Oculi

ZygomaticusOrbicularis Oris

Pectoralis Major

Biceps Brachii

Deltoid

Rectus Abdominis

Internal Oblique

Adductor Longus Gracilis

Sartorius

Trapezius

Deltoid

Triceps Brachii

Latissimus Dorsi

External Oblique

Gluteus Medius

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

SemitendinosusBiceps Femoris

Adductor Magnus

Gluteus Maximus