Muneer and Jawad

8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad

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Emotions

BY

Muneer and Jawad


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AFFECTAFFECT

A broad range of feelings that people experience.

Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions ormoods. Feelings associated with motivation

Positive things are going well, keep doing what you aredoing

Negative something wrong, change behavior Related with goals

Positive succeeding toward/accomplishing goals Negative something is interfering/blocking goals


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EmotionsEMOTIONS

Intense feelings directed toward someone orsomething

Caused by a specific event

Very brief in duration (seconds or minutes)Usually very specificanger, fear, sadness,happiness, disgust, etc.

Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions(visual cues)

Action-oriented (plan to do something)

Remember ,

Emotions cannot be neutral.


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MoodsMOODS

Less intense feelings that lack a specific cause

Cause is often general and unclear

Last longer than emotions (hours or days)

More general (either positive affect or negativeaffect)

Generally not indicated by distinct expressions

Cognitive in nature (thinking or brooding)


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Affect, Emotions and Moods

MoodsFeelings that tend to beless intense than emotionsand that lack a specificcause

EmotionsIntense feelings that aredirected at someone orsomething

AffectA broad range of emotions that people experience


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Basic Emotions

There appear to be six basic emotions:

1. Anger

2. Fear

3. Happiness

4. Surprise

5.

Sadness6. Disgust

All other emotions are subsumed under these six May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:

Happiness surprise fear sadness anger

disgust


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BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OFEMOTIONS

Emotions originate in the brains limbic system, whichis different for each

person

LIMBIC SYSTEM when active, you see things in anegative light

Inactive limbic system = experience positive emotions(happiness, joy)

Active limbic system = negative emotions dominate(anger, guilt)


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Sources of Emotions and Moods PersonalityPersonality is a key component and will definitely impact the intensity

of the emotions we feelDO YOU LET YOUR FEELINGS SHOW? -- EXTRAVERTS

HIDE Your EMOTIONS -- INTROVERTS Day and Time of the WeekThere is a common pattern for all of us

NEGATIVE MOODS

HIGHEST ON SUNDAYS & MONDAYS (BEGINNING OF THEWEEK)

POSITIVE MOODS

-- HIGHEST AT THE END OF THE WEEK (THURSDAY SATURDAY


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Weather

Weather is thought to have an impact on our emotions, but there is noproven effect. DO WE HAVE MORE POSITIVE MOODS ON BRIGHT, SUNNY DAYS

THAN RAINY ONES?CONTRARY TO POPULAR BELIEF - MOOD AND THEWEATHER ARE NOT RELATED

StressEven low levels of constant stress can worsen moods

Stressful daily events negatively affect employees moods.

Constant, prolonged exposure to stress leads todepression and negative feelings.

Social Activities

Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods


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Sleep Poor sleep quality increases negative affect SLEEP QUALITY

AFFECTS MOOD (75% not getting enough sleep)

SLEEP-DEPRIVED WORKERS

greater feelings of fatigue, anger, and hostilityimpaireddecision-making & alertness

Exercise Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed

people

AgeYOUNG PEOPLE DO NOT EXPERIENCE MORE POSITIVE MOODS THAN

OLDER PEOPLE

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS SEEM TO OCCUR LESS AS PEOPLE GET OLDER

Emotional Experience tends to improve with age as we age,we feel fewer negative emotions.


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Gender and Emotions

CONTRASTED WITH MEN, WOMEN ARE

MORE IN TOUCH WITH THEIR FEELINGS

SHOW GREATER EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION

EXPERIENCE EMOTIONS MORE INTENSELY

MORE LIKELY TO DISPLAY POSITIVE & NEGATIVE EMOTIONS (except anger)

ARE BETTER AT READING NONVERBAL CUES

CAUSES OF THIS?

THE DIFFERENT WAYS MEN AND WOMEN HAVE BEEN SOCIALIZED INSOCIETY

MEN EXPECTED TO BE TOUGH, BRAVE, DONT CRY, ETC.

WOMEN EXPECTED TO BE NURTURING, WARM, AND FRIENDLY (Smile)

WOMEN JUST HAVE A BETTER ABILITY TO READ OTHERS & PRESENT THEIREMOTIONS THAN MEN

WOMEN MAY HAVE A GREATER NEED FOR SOCIAL APPROVAL &A HIGHER PROPENSITY TO DISPLAY POSITIVE EMOTIONS, SUCH

AS HAPPINESS.


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External Constraints on Emotions

OrganizationalInfluences

CulturalInfluences

IndividualEmotions


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Organizational Influences

Most organizations strive to be emotion-free

* Emotional Labor

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationallydesired emotions during interpersonal transactions.

Emotional dissonanceis when an employee has to projectone emotion while feeling another one


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Felt vs. Displayed Emotions

Felt: the individuals actual emotions

Displayed: required or appropriate emotions

Surface Acting: displaying appropriately butnot feeling those emotions internally

Deep Acting: changing internal feelings tomatch display rules - very stressful


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CULTURAL INFLUENCES Cultures vary in:

Degree to which people experience emotions Interpretation of emotions Norms for the expression of emotions For Example

For

Americans smiling is a sign of friendliness viewed positively

Muslims - smiling is a sign of physical attractionso women dontsmile at men

Japanese - smiling indicates a lack of intelligence (an ignorantairhead!)

French make no effort to hide their personal feelings aboutcustomers


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Continued. Some questions that need to be answered are: Do people experience emotions equally?

No. Culture can determine type, frequency, and depth ofexperienced emotions

Do people interpret emotions the same way? Yes. Negative emotions are seen as undesirable and

positive emotions are desirable However, value of each emotion varies across cultures

Do norms of emotional expression vary? Yes. Some cultures have a bias against emotional

expression; others demand some display of emotion

How the emotions are expressed may makeInterpretation outside of ones culture difficult


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Emotional Intelligence

Ones ability to detect and manage emotional cues and

information

FIVE DIMENSIONS

Self-awareness

Being aware of what youre feeling

Self-management

The ability to manage your own emotions and impulses

Self-motivation

The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures

Empathy

The ability to sense how others are feeling

Social Skills

The ability to handle the emotions of others


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PROS & CONS OFEMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

STRENGTHSINTUITIVE APPEAL

- being street smart and socially intelligentmakes sense

IT PREDICTS JOB PERFORMANCE

- correlations found are significantITS BIOLOGICALLY BASED

- its neurological and affects decision-making


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ContinuedCAUTIONS

ITS TOO VAGUE/TOO BROAD- no one is sure what this concept is

- is it intelligence? self-discipline? empathy?or self-awareness?

IT ISNT MEASURED CONSISTENTLY

- we havent used good methodologyIS IT VALID?

- its so closely related to personality andintelligence

- when you control for these factors, there isnt

anything left thats unique


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HOW MANAGERS MIGHTUSE EMOTIONS AND MOODS

Selection

EI should be a hiring factor, especially for social jobs. Decision Making

Positive emotions can lead to better decisions. Creativity

Positive mood increases flexibility, openness, andcreativity.

Motivation Positive mood affects expectations of success; feedback

amplifies this effect. Leadership

Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from

organizational leaders.


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Continued. Negotiation

Emotions, skillfully displayed, can affect negotiations

Customer Services Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers

which, in turn, affects customer relationships Job Attitudes

Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnight Deviant Workplace Behaviors

Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actionsthat violate norms and threaten the organization)

Managers Influence Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and praise

employees increase positive moods in the workplace.


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Implications for Managers Understand the role of emotions and moods to

explain and predict behavior Emotions and moods can increase motivation Emotional labor recognizes that certain feelings

can be part of a jobs requirements Intense emotions can interfere with performance

of complex jobs


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Documents

Muneer and Jawad