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Multiwavelength fluorescence for the early detection of algal blooms in Water Treatment Plants Presentation given by CTG's Katie Davage at the WWEM 2014 Conference
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Multiwavelength fluorescence for the early detection of algal
blooms in Water Treatment Plants
Katie DavageSales Manager
Chelsea Technologies Group
WWEM 2014
Overview of CTG
Why fluorometry?
The TriLux fluorometerPrinciple of operationConstructionSpecificationsExamplesDeployment options
Introduction
Application of sensor technology
Process control & monitoring
Medical diagnostics
Algal biofuel production
Fresh water & coastal monitoring
Offshore pipeline leak detection
Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring
NAD
Tactical Oceanography
Acoustic Target Simulation
Oceanographic research
Sensors & systems
Acoustic transducers
Fisheries
Exhaust gas monitoring
Ballast water monitoring
FerryBox
Security
Water Quality/Treatment
Bio/chem Security
Storage Tank Security
Environmental
Chelsea Technologies Group
3-channel multi-wavelength fluorometerMiniature single window geometry3 excitation wavelengthsCommon detection at 685nm
ApplicationsContribution to chlorophyll fluorescence from light harvesting pigmentsAlgal class studiesBloom detection
3 configurations availableChlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, turbidity (freshwater)Chlorophyll-a, phycoerytherin, phycocyanin (coastal)Chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, turbidity (seawater)
TriLux overview
Chelsea Technologies Group
absorbance emission
excited states
ground states
And why measure it?Sensitivity Specificity
Chlorophyll-a
Phycoerythrin
Phycocyanin
Algal pigments
Competing processes:
Photochemistry (P)Non-radiative decay (D)Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (F)
light
PSII
Chlorophyll-a fluorescence
RC
F
D
P
RC
Algal fluorescence induction spectra
Chaetoceros gracilisMarine diatom (Chlorophyll c)
Wavelength (nm)
Dashed line = 685 nmHeavy line = 730 nmLight line = O2 evolution
Wavelength (nm)
Porphyridium cruentumMarine, unicellular red algae
Wavelength (nm)
Ulva sp. (Sea lettuce)Green algae (Chlorophyll b)
Wavelength (nm)
Chroomonas sp. (Cryptophyte)Marine cyanobacterium – more chlorophyll than most cyanobacteria + phycocyanin only
Optical geometry
y = 0.01023x - 0.00238
R2 = 0.99999
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
CLOROPHYLL-a CONCENTRATION (ug/l)
RE
AD
ING
Chlorophyll a in acetone
TriLux (Blue) vs laboratory analysis
UNITED UTILITIES TRILUX DEPLOYMENT
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
15/08 17/08 19/08 21/08 23/08 25/08 27/08 29/08 31/08 02/09 04/09 06/09 08/09 10/09 12/09 14/09
DATE & TIME
[CH
LO
RO
PH
YL
L-A
] (u
g/l
)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
CE
LL
CO
UN
T (
Cel
ls/m
l)
Blue
Green
Amber
Cyanobacteria
Algae Total
Cyanobacteria bloom
Differential response from blue and red excitation
Correlation with increase in cell count
UNITED UTILITIES TRILUX DEPLOYMENT
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
15/08 17/08 19/08 21/08 23/08 25/08 27/08 29/08 31/08 02/09 04/09 06/09 08/09 10/09 12/09 14/09
DATE & TIME
SIG
NA
L R
AT
IO
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
CE
LL
CO
UN
T (
Ce
lls/m
l)
Green/Blue
Amber/Blue
Amber/Green
Cyanobacteria
Algae Total
Signal ratios
Signal ratios improve discrimination
Diatom bloom
THAMES WATER - TRILUX 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
21/07/14 28/07/14 04/08/14 11/08/14 18/08/14 25/08/14 01/09/14 08/09/14 15/09/14 22/09/14 29/09/14
DATE
SIG
NA
L
All channels tracking indicating presence of chlorophylls a, b & c
THAMES WATER - TRILUX 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
21/07/14 28/07/14 04/08/14 11/08/14 18/08/14 25/08/14 01/09/14 08/09/14 15/09/14 22/09/14
DATE
SIG
NA
L
In situNon-contact
Non-contact measurement
Watchkeeper
Rugged, wall mounted display unit with onboard data logger and up to 3x 4-20mA outputs
Hawk
Portable, rugged, handheld display/power pack with onboard data logger suitable for use in a wide range of environments