MULTISTAGE Dumping Trolley Report - Copy

8/19/2019 MULTISTAGE Dumping Trolley Report - Copy

1/40

THREE SIDE LIFTED TROLLEY

INTRODUCTION

1.1 MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Material handling equi!ent "MHE# i$ u$ed %&r the !&'e!ent and

$t&rage &% !aterial (ithin a %a)ilit* &r at a $ite. MHE )an +e )la$$i,ed int& the

%&ll&(ing ,'e !a-&r )ateg&rie$

Tran$&rt Equi!ent. Equi!ent u$ed t& !&'e !aterial %r&! &ne l&)ati&n t&

an&ther "e.g./ +et(een (&r0la)e$/ +et(een a l&ading d&)0 and a $t&rage

area/ et).#. The !a-&r $u+)ateg&rie$ &% tran$&rt equi!ent are )&n'e*&r$/

)rane$/ and indu$trial tru)0$. Material )an al$& +e tran$&rted !anuall*

u$ing n& equi!ent.

P&$iti&ning Equi!ent. Equi!ent u$ed t& handle !aterial at a $ingle

l&)ati&n $& that it i$ in the )&rre)t &$iti&n %&r $u+$equent handling/

!a)hining/ tran$&rt/ &r $t&rage. Unli0e tran$&rt equi!ent/ &$iti&ning

equi!ent i$ u$uall* u$ed %&r handling at a $ingle (&r0la)e. Material )an

al$& +e &$iti&ned !anuall* u$ing n& equi!ent.

Unit L&ad &r!ati&n Equi!ent. Equi!ent u$ed t& re$tri)t !aterial$ $& that

the* !aintain their integrit* (hen handled a $ingle l&ad during tran$&rt and

%&r $t&rage. I% !aterial$ are $el%2re$training "e.g./ a $ingle art &r interl&)0ing

art$#/ then the* )an +e %&r!ed int& a unit l&ad (ith n& equi!ent.

3t&rage Equi!ent. Equi!ent u$ed %&r h&lding &r +u4ering !aterial$

&'er a eri&d &% ti!e. 3&!e $t&rage equi!ent !a* in)lude the tran$&rt &%

!aterial$ "e.g./ the 35R !a)hine$ &% an A35R3/ &r $t&rage )ar&u$el$#. I%

!aterial$ are +l&)0 $ta)0ed dire)tl* &n the 6&&r/ then n& $t&rage equi!ent

i$ required.

1

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC

http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/Conv/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/Crane/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/IndusTr/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/NoEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/Conv/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/Crane/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/IndusTr/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/NoEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/index.htm


2/40


Identi,)ati&n and C&ntr&l Equi!ent. Equi!ent u$ed t& )&lle)t and

)&!!uni)ate the in%&r!ati&n that i$ u$ed t& )&&rdinate the 6&( &% !aterial$

(ithin a %a)ilit* and +et(een a %a)ilit* and it$ $ulier$ and )u$t&!er$. The

identi,)ati&n &% !aterial$ and a$$&)iated )&ntr&l )an +e er%&r!ed !anuall*

(ith n& $e)iali9ed equi!ent.

:. TRAN3PORT EQUIPMENT

:.1. CON;E8OR3

Chute )&n'e*&r


3/40


:.:. CRANE3

>i+ )rane

=ridge )rane

Gantr* )rane

3ta)0er )rane

:.?. INDU3TRIAL TRUC73

Hand tru)0

Pallet -a)0


4/40


:.@. EQUIPMENT

:[email protected]. PO3ITIONING EQUIPMENT

Manual "n& equi!ent#

Li%t5tilt5turn ta+le

D&)0 le'eler

=all tran$%er ta+le

R&tar* inde ta+le

Part$ %eeder

Air ,l! de'i)e

H&i$t

=alan)er

Maniulat&r

Indu$trial r&+&t

:.@.:. UNIT LOAD ORMATION EQUIPMENT

@

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC

http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/NoEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Manual%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Lift/tilt/turn%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Dock%20levelerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Ball%20transfer%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Rotary%20index%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Parts%20feederhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Air%20film%20devicehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Hoisthttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Balancerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Manipulatorhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Industrial%20robothttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/TransEq/NoEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Manual%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Lift/tilt/turn%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Dock%20levelerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Ball%20transfer%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Rotary%20index%20tablehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Parts%20feederhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Air%20film%20devicehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Hoisthttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Balancerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Manipulatorhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/PosEq/index.htm#Industrial%20robothttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm


5/40


3el%2re$training "n&

equi!ent#

Pallet$

30id$

3li$heet$

T&te an$

Pallet +&e$5$0id +&e$

=in$5+a$0et$5ra)0$

Cart&n$

=ag$

=ul0 l&ad )&ntainer$

Crate$

Inter!&dal )&ntainer$

3traing5tae5glue

3hrin02(ra5$tret)h2(ra

Palleti9er$

:.@.?. 3TORAGE EQUIPMENT

=l&)0 $ta)0ing "n&

equi!ent#

3ele)ti'e allet ra)0

Dri'e2thr&ugh ra)0

Dri'e2in ra)0

l&(2thr&ugh ra)0

Pu$h2+a)0 ra)0

3liding ra)0

Cantile'er ra)0

3ta)0ing %ra!e

3hel'e$5+in$5dra(er$

3t&rage )ar&u$el

Aut&!ati)

$t&rage5retrie'al $*$te!$

"A35R3#

3lit )a$e &rder i)0ing

$*$te!

Me99anine

:.@.@. IDENTIICATION AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

B

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC

http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Self-restraining%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Self-restraining%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Palletshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Skidshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/Slipshet/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Tote%20panshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Pallet/skid%20boxeshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bins/baskets/rackshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Cartonshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bagshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bulk%20load%20containershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Crateshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Intermodal%20containershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Strapping/tape/gluehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Shrink-wrap/stretch-wraphttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Palletizershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Block%20stacking%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Block%20stacking%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Selective%20pallet%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Drive-through%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Drive-in%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Flow-through%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Push-back%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Sliding%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Cantilever%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Stacking%20framehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Shelves/bins/drawershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Storage%20carouselhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Split-case%20order%20picking%20systemhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Split-case%20order%20picking%20systemhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Mezzaninehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Self-restraining%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Self-restraining%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Palletshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Skidshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/Slipshet/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Tote%20panshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Pallet/skid%20boxeshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bins/baskets/rackshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Cartonshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bagshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Bulk%20load%20containershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Crateshttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Intermodal%20containershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Strapping/tape/gluehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Shrink-wrap/stretch-wraphttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/UnitEq/index.htm#Palletizershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htmhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Block%20stacking%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Block%20stacking%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Selective%20pallet%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Drive-through%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Drive-in%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Flow-through%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Push-back%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Sliding%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Cantilever%20rackhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Stacking%20framehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Shelves/bins/drawershttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Storage%20carouselhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Automatic%20storage/retrieval%20systems%20(AS/RS)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Split-case%20order%20picking%20systemhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Split-case%20order%20picking%20systemhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/StorEq/index.htm#Mezzaninehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm


6/40


Manual "n& equi!ent#

=ar )&de$

Radi& %requen)* "R# tag

Magneti) $trie

Ma)hine 'i$i&n

P&rta+le data ter!inal

Ele)tr&ni) datainter)hange

"EDI#5Internet

Figure- 1

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC

http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Manual%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Bar%20code%20readerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Radio%20frequency%20(RF)%20taghttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Magnetic%20stripehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Machine%20visionhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Intranet/Internethttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Manual%20(no%20equipment)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Bar%20code%20readerhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Radio%20frequency%20(RF)%20taghttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Magnetic%20stripehttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Machine%20visionhttp://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Electronic%20data%20interchange%20(EDI)http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/kay/mhetax/IdentEq/index.htm#Intranet/Internet


7/40


In the present age of increased industrialization with increased road traffic and congested

roads in cities new construction sites or repair work will reuire efficient inno!ati!e

transportation and loading"unloading #ethods$ The con!entional du#p trucks ha!e one side

unloading%#anual or h&draulic tilting' which ena(le to unload construction #aterial like sand'

crushed stone' crushed sand' gra!el etc in the (ack side of the truck%$$)ut #ost of the ti#es due

to congested streets or in*a(ilit& to orient !ehicle in gi!en space #aterial is un*loaded such that

roads #a& get (locked for further transportation%$This will reuire another #aterial handling

acti!it& either #anual or #echanized to transport #aterial to desired location%$$hence there is

need of a trailer or drop fra#e loader with #ulti*a+is un*loading facilit&$

3.1 SOLUTION

The ,* -+is pneu#atic trailer s&ste# is solution to the a(o!e pro(le# $ $ which offers

#ulti*a+is unloading facilities as (elow%$

a. Tilting of the drop fra#e along length of trailer such that #aterial is unloaded on the (ack

side of the trailer%$/ust as in the con!entional #ethod$

(. Tilting of the drop fra#e in counter clock*wise direction %$such that the #aterial is

unloaded to the left side of the trailer$c. Tilting of the drop fra#e in clock*wise direction %$such that the #aterial is unloaded to

the right side of the trailer$

Figure- 2

4. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


8/40


4.1 INTRODUCTION

0neu#atic s&ste# fro# the #ost pri#iti!e and distinct class of #echanical control

engineering$ The& are classified under the ter# 1fluid power control' 2which descri(es an&

process or de!ice that con!erts' trans#its' distri(ute or controls power through the use of pressurized gas or liuid$ In a which 0neu#atic s&ste#' the working fluid is a gas 3#ostl& air .

which is co#prised a(o!e at#ospheric pressure to in part pressure energ& to the #olecules$ This

stored pressure potential in con!erted to a suita(le #echanical work in a appropriated controlled

seuence using control !al!es and actuators$ 0neu#atic s&ste#s are well suited for the auto #at

ion of a si#ple repetiti!e task$ The working flood is a(undant in nature and hence the running

and #aintenance cost of these s&ste#s are e+ceptionall& low$ all floods ha!e the a(ilit& to

translate and transfigure and hence$ 0neu#atic s&ste# per#it !ariet& of power con!ersing with

#ini#al #echanical hardware $

4on!ersing of !arious co#(inations of #otions like rotar&*rotar&' linear*rotar& and

linear*linear is possi(le$ The si#plicit& in design' dura(ilit& and co#post size of 0neu#atic

s&ste# #ake the# well suited for #o(ile applications these features #ake the# !ersatile and

find uni!ersal application including ro(otics aerospace' technolog&' production and asse#(l& of

auto#oti!e co#ponents 3power steering chassis an engine asse#(l&.' 454 #achines' food products packaging industr&' (o#( deploent unites an fa(rication process of plastic products$

5. HISTORY OF PENEUMATIC SYSTEM

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


9/40


For thousands of &ears' #an had used air as an aid in doing !arious tasks' eg$ )elows for

lighting fires in the &ear 678 )4' 9reek called ctesi(ios (uilt the first air gun$ in addition tights

sinew' he used air co#pressed in c&linder to increase the range of pro/ectiles$ So it is not

surprising that :pneu#a;' the 9reek word for :air;' has as gi!en its na#e to the technolog&

known as ' pneu#atics$ During the industrialization process in the


10/40


$ Bnduplicated e+haust clear air which e+cepts through leaking pipe of co#ponents don2t

cause conta#ination$

?$ The pressure' speed and forces reuired can (e controlled easil&$$=$ O!erload safet& pneu#atic tools and operating co#ponents can (e loaded to he point of

stopping and are therefore o!er load safe$


11/40


6C Spra& painting

,C Refrigeration and air conditioning s&ste#

AC 9as tur(ine power plantGC Supercharging of I$4 Engine

7C 4on!e&ing #aterials like sand and concrete' coal #i+tures etc$ in pipe line

>C 0u#ping of water?C Dri!ing the #ining #achiner&

=C In (last furnaces

". COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

T#$%e-1

NO. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

< orking fluid is a liuid$ orking fluid is a gas$

6 ors at !er& high pressure$ orks at low pressure

11

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


12/40


, orking fluid in

inco#pressi(le$

orking fluid is co#pressi(le$

A Jer& high forces could (e

de!eloped$

Onl& #oderate forces con (e

de!eloped

G S&ste# is #ore co#pact It is #ore (ulk&$7 Self lu(ricating effect 5o Self lu(ricating effect

> Se!eral #echanical

#o!e#ents could (e achie!ed

o!e#ent is li#ited

? Return line is reuired for oil$ 5o reuire oil hence no return

line$

= Freuent replace#ent of oil

reuired

5o need for fluid replenish#ent$


13/40


0ackaging and con!e&ing

)e!erage (ottling and handling

Heating and cooling tunnel applications

-uto#o(ile industr& Electrical and electronics

Te+tiles

arine industr&

Food and #eat processing

Light engineering industr&

&.2 CONTROL ALES

4ontrol !al!es are !al!es used to control conditions such as flow' pressure' te#perature'

and liuid le!el (& full& or partiall& opening or closing in response to signals recei!ed fro#

controller that co#pare a :set point; to a :process !aria(le; whose !alue is pro!ided (& sensors

that #onitor change in such condition$

The opening or closing of control !al!es is done (& #eans of electrical' h&draulic or

pneu#atic s&ste#s$ 0etitioners are used to control the opening or closing of the actuator (ase on

electric or pneu#atic signals$ These control signals' traditionall& (ased on ,*


14/40


&.3 PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

1@

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


15/40


Figure-3

0neu#atic c&linders 3so#eti#es known as air c&linder. are #echanical de!ices which

produce force' often in co#(ination with #o!e#ent' and are powered (& co#pressed gas

3t&picall& air.$

To perfor# their function' 0neu#atic c&linders i#part a force (& con!erting the potential

energ& of co#pressed gas into kinetic energ&$ This is achie!ed (& the co#pressed gas (eing a(le

to e+pand' without e+ternal energ& input' which itself occurs due to the pressure gradient

esta(lished (& the co#pressed gas (eing at a great re pressure than the at#ospheric pressure$

This air e+pansion forces a piston to #o!e in the desired direction$ The piston is a disc or

c&linder' and the piston rod transfers the force it de!elops to the o(/ect to (e #o!ed$

&.4 DOUBLE ACTIN! CYLINDERS

Dou(le acting c&linders 3D-4. use the force of air to #o!e in (oth e+tends and retract

strokes$ The& ha!e two ports to allow air in' one for one for in stroke$

SI'ES

-ir c&linders are a!aila(le in a !ariet& of size and can t&picall& range fro# a s#all 6$G

## air c&linder' which #ight (e used for packing up a s#all transistor or other electronic

co#ponent' to A88 ## dia#eter air c&linders which would i#part enough force to lift a car$

So#e pneu#atic c&linders reach


16/40


&.5. PRESSURE( RADIUS( AREA AND FORCE RELATIONSHIPS

-lthough the dia#eter of the piston and the force e+erted (& a c&linder are related' the&

are not directl& proportional to one another$ -dditionall&' the t&pical #athe#atical relationship

(etween the two assu#es that the air suppl& does not (eco#e saturated$ Due to the effecti!e

cross sectional area reduced (& the area of the piston rod' the in stroke force is less than the

outstroke force when (oth are powered pneu#aticall& and (& sa#e suppl& of co#pressed gas$

The relationship' (etween force on outstroke' pressure and radius' is as followsC

F p3.

4ord

This is deri!ed fro# the relationship' (etween force' pressure and effecti!e cross*sectional area'

which isC

F p -'

ith the sa#e s(olic notation of !aria(les as a(o!e' (ut also - represents the effecti!e cross

sectional area$

On in stroke' the sa#e relationship (etween force e+tract' pressure and effecti!e cross sectional

area applies as discussed a(o!e for outstroke$ Howe!er' since the cross sectional area is less than

the piston area the relationship (etween force' pressure and radius is different$ The calculation

isn2t #ore co#plicated though' since the effecti!e cross sectional area is #erel& that of the piston

less that of the piston rod$

For in stroke' therefore' the relationship (etween force e+erted' pressure' radius of the piston' and

radius of the piston rod' is as followsC

F p 3. 3.

hereC

F represents the force e+erted

1

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


17/40


18/40


Figure-4

0neu#atic c&linders are in widespread use in industr& where!er uick' powerful linear

actuation of #o!ing gates' !al!es' le!ers and presses #a& (e reuired$ 0neu#atic c&linder are

a!aila(le in a nu#(er of configuration including single acting' dou(le acting' and dou(le acting

with piston rod attach#ent on (oth ends of the c&linder$ 0neu#atic c&linders co#e with (ores

and stokes of fractions of inches all the wa& to se!eral feet$ The& are powered (& co#pressed air

at pressures ranging fro# a few pounds to hundreds of pound per suare inch and can pro!ide

thousands of pounds of push or pull force$

0neu#atic c&linders e#plo& a s#ooth (ore c&linder with a piston affi+ed to a piston rod'

with se!eral circu#ferential seals (etween the piston and c&linder$ The piston rod has a s#aller

rod support (ushing and seal (etween the s#ooth piston rod and the (otto# of the c&linder$ The&

#ost often consist of #etal co#ponents' although #an& co#posites are used for special

applications$ The& are a!aila(le with a !ariet& of #echanical end connection fittings and

pneu#atic piping and tu(ing connections$

1

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


19/40


ADANTA!ES

S&ste#s using pneu#atic c&linders to perfor# repetiti!e linear #otion c&cles are eas& toconfigure' construct and connect$ 0lastic tu(ing #a& (e used to (ring the pneu#atic signal to the

c&linder$ 0neu#atic s&ste#s are intrinsicall& safe in e+plosion gases or fu#es$ 0neu#atic

c&linder is also one of the (est wa& to produce a large linear force in a s#all space at relati!el&

low cost co#pared to electric and h&draulic s&ste#$ here a relia(le source of co#pressed air

alread& e+ists' pneu#atic c&linders pro!ide an econo#ical wa& to auto#ate euip#ent$

DISADANTA!ES

4o#pressed air is costl& to produce (ecause the special concessions for cooling and

dri!ing the co#pressed air #ust (e #aintained$ -lso' pro!isions #ust (e #ade for piping

co#pressed air with tu(ing intended for co#pressed air$ The (eha!ior of co#pressed air is

co#pletel& different fro# pressurized water and should ne!er (e piped with 0J4 plastic pressure

pipes (ecause of the potential of shattering plastic (eing propelled awa& fro# (reaks and

i#pacts$ If the co#pressed air is not properl& deh&drated in refrigerati!e' desiccant' or

#e#(rane dr&ers' water will find its wa& into co#ponents in the co#pressed air strea# and

cause erratic perfor#ance$

APPLICATION

4o#pressed air c&linder are used in a nu#(er of auto#oti!e and (uilding applications

including /acks and hoists' door' gate' and hatch #otors$ Funn& /u#ping cars use pneu#atic

c&linders to hope the suspension$ )& far' the greatest !al!es' lift gates' hoists' and #achines$

0assi!e application

1F

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


20/40


So#e pneu#atic c&linder applications do not reuire e+ternal power' as the& ser!e to act

as d&na#ic da#pers or shock a(sor(ed$ The #ost co##on e+a#ple is a si#ple do#estic one

that door closer c&linder on a screen or stor# door keep the door fro# either opening or closing

too sharpl&' while pro!iding a spring that gentl& closes the door$

SPECIFICATIONS OF STANDARD CYLINDER-

)141"&*DNU-25-2++-PP-A.

T#$%e-1

:

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


21/40


:1

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC

CRITERIA FEATURE

Stroke 688

0iston dia#eter 6G

0iston rod thread


22/40


&." FLE,IBLE PIPE

Figure-5

Fle+i(le pipe has a rigid 0$J$4$ spiral reinforce#ent (etween soft walls which #akes it an

ideal replace#ent to ru((er hoses$ It is light in weight and e+tre#el& fle+i(le$ It can (e put to

task e!en at the #ost de#anding cur!es K (ends with a(solutel& no less of fle+i(ilit&$ S#ooth

inside and outside' it has e+cellent resistance to pressure' e+ternal i#pacts' #ost of theche#icals' gases' light acid and saline water$ Suction Hoses are a!aila(le in wild range such as

#ade in dut& hose' hea!& dut& hose' oil hose and a special food grade non to+ic hose

::

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


23/40


&.". APPLICATIONS

ediu# in dut& suction hoses e+cellent for all t&pes of water distri(ution and co#e as a (oon for irrigation in the agricultural sector

It is e+cellent for con!e&ing granules and find particles of raw #aterial in processing

industr& Hea!& dut& suction hose is custo# #ade for !igorous suction and deli!er& work in cool

#ines and #ineral #ines' stone and li#e uarries

It is e+tre#el& use full in the area of the shipping sewage disposal' constructional

engineering' general industrial ser!ice' aua cultural and che#ical industr& etc$ Oil registrants host is e+tre#el& use fuel in e+ploration and transportation of petro

che#ical and oil like diesel fuel' kerosene' liuid petrol produce lu(ricating oil' #ineral

oil light oil transfor#er oil etc

:?

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


24/40


&.&.SLIDIN! LOCS

Figure-"

Install per#anent sliding locks on the o(/ect to keep it fro# sliding' or install sliding

o(/ect locks that #ount onto either side of the trick and twist a wind nut in place to #ount it

securel& to the O(/ect$ The sliding locks that are not per#anent reuire no tools for asse#(l& and

gi!e the owner the choice of lea!ing o(/ect slightl& open (ut still securel& locked into place$

Sliding o(/ect locks are also a!aila(le as locking sliding o(/ect locks$ The owner is reuired to

re#o!e the lock with a ke& prior to opening the o(/ect$

&.. REDUCER

:@

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


25/40


- reducer is the co#ponent in a pipeline that reduce the pipe size fro# a larger to s#aller

(ore 3inner dia#eter.$

The length of the reduction is usuall& eual to the a!erage of the larger and s#aller pipe

dia#eters$ There are two #ain t&pes of reducerC concentric and eccentric reducer$- reducer can

(e used either as nozzle or as diffuser depending on the #ach nu#(er of the flow$

&./. TERMINATIN! PLU!

This t&pe of fitting is used for plastic tu(ing K fle+i(le hoses$ These connectors are used

where there is freuent connection K disconnection is reuired$

&.1+ BALL SOCET 0OINT

:B

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


26/40


Figure-&

DEFINITION

)all and socket /oints are #ultia+ial' s&no!ial /oints$ The& are lu(ricated (& a clear' stick& fluid

called s&no!ia$

DESCRIPTION

-lso called spheroidal /oints' the (all and socket /oints are for#ed (& the rounded or N(all*

shapedN head of one (one fitting into the cup*like ca!it& of another (one$ The articulating (onefits into the ca!it& and allows the distal (one to #o!e around$ The hip and shoulder /oints are

e+a#ples of the (all and socket /oint$

:

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


27/40


FUNCTION

The purpose of /oints is to pro!ide #o!e#ent for the (od&$ Different t&pes of /oints #o!e in

different wa&s$ The (all and socket /oint is full& #o(ile under the control of #uscles' liga#ents'and tendons$ The ends of the (ones are co!ered with tough cartilage and are lined with the

s&no!ial #e#(rane$

Each /oint contains a s#all a#ount of s&no!ial fluid which lu(ricates it$ S&no!ial fluid pro!ides

protection for the (all and socket /oint and allows for stress*free #o!e#ent$

The (all and socket /oint pro!ides swinging and rotating #o!e#ents$ The articulating (one isrecei!ed into the ca!it& of another (one' allowing the distal (one to #o!e around three #ain

a+es with a co##on center$ The /oint has sta(ilizing liga#ents that li#it the directions and

e+tent to which the (ones can (e #o!ed$ Howe!er' the (all and socket /oint is the #ost #o(ile inthe (od&$

. CONSTRUCTION

:

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


28/40


e use following co#ponent for lifting the trolle& in three direction


29/40


First we cut the all suare pipe in reuired di#ension and this al suare pipe is /oining in

right angle (& using nut K (olts$ , la&er of al suare fra#e is #ounted on each other and onl&

three side that is LHS' RHS and (ack side are /oint (& hinges$ For trolle& structure 9< sheets cut

in gi!en di#ension then it (ent into according to reuired design$ Then (ent9< sheet is /oined (&

nut (olts$ , 9< pipe is cut in reuired size of purpose of eas& operating sliding /oint (& using 9<

wire$ Total trolle& structure is #ounted on four wheels$ 0neu#atic c&linder is pro!ided (elow the

center of trolle& K these pneu#atic c&linder is connected to G"6 D$4 !al!e (rass nozzle is used$

1+. ORIN!

:F

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


30/40


1+.1.FOR LIFTIN! THE LEFT HAND SIDE

Figure-

Handle 3H


31/40


Figure-/

Handle 3H6. and sliding lock 3L6. is connected (& using 96 ire in first position of

direction control !al!e the trolle& is lifted hand side

hen the lifting condition is achie!e then we operate the second position of G"6 direction control

!al!e and trolle& is #o!e in downward direction and then auto#aticall& close sliding lock 3L6.

?1

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


32/40


1+.3.FOR LIFTIN! THE BAC SIDE

Figure-1+

Handle 3H,. and sliding lock 3L,. is connected (& using 9, ire in first position of direction

control !al!e the trolle& is lifted hand side

?:

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


33/40


hen the lifting condition is achie!e then we operate the second position of G"6 direction control

!al!e and trolle& is #o!e in downward direction and then auto#aticall& close sliding lock 3L,.

ADANTA!ES


34/40


6$ If the pressure of stored air in air tank drop (elow reuired pressure than pneu#atic

circuit stop working' it will start onl& after' reuire pressure is de!eloped in air tank$,$ Due to co#pressing nature of air' accurate #otions in actuator are not possi(le to

o(tained$

APPLICATIONS


35/40


Data collection phase in!ol!es the collection of reference #aterial for pro/ect concept'

the idea is taken fro# (ook Ingenious #echanis#s for designers and in!entors

3< week.

P9#7e 2 : S?76e De7ig8 )Dur#6i8 :2 ee>7*

The s&ste# design co#prises of de!elop#ent of the #echanis# so that the gi!en

concept can perfor# the desired operation$ The s&ste# design also deter#ines the s&ste#

co#ponents and their shape and o!erall di#ensions ' the parts are as shown in part list a(o!e$

3< week.

P9#7e 3 : Me


36/40


P9#7e " : M#8u#7*

0arts are produced as per the part drawings$

3, weeks.

P9#7e & : A77e$%? Te76 @ Tri#%) Dur#6i8 : )1 ee>7*

-sse#(l& of de!ice is done as per asse#(l& drawing 'and test and trial is conducted on

de!ice for e!aluating perfor#ance$

37*

Report preparation of the acti!ities carried out during the a(o!e phases is done $

36 weeks.

12. COST ANALYSIS

12.1. R#= M#6eri#% C76

The total raw #aterial cost as pur the indi!idual #aterials and their corresponding rates per kg is

as follows

?

7.E.3. POL8TECHNIC


37/40


TOT-L R- -TERI-L 4OST Rs$6?68"*

12.2. M#


38/40


T6#% Mi7


39/40


REFERENCES

REFERE54E )OOS

• S$$ Ha/ra 4houdhar&' 5ir/har Ro&' :ORSHO0 TE4H5OLO9Y;' edia pro#oters

K pu(lishers p!t$ Ltd$'


40/40


• Design data (ook co#piled (& 0S9 college of technolog& 4oi#(atore pu(lished (&

alaikathir -chchaga# coi#(atore

Documents

MULTISTAGE Dumping Trolley Report - Copy