Multimedia Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and ApplicationsSyed Mahbubur Rahman Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA
Hershey • New York InformatIon ScIence reference
Volume I
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Multimedia technologies : concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications / Syed Mahbubur Rahman, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book offers an in-depth explanation of multimedia technologies within their many specific application areas as well as presenting developing trends for the future"--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-59904-953-3 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-59904-954-0 (ebook) 1. Multimedia systems. 2. Multimedia communications. I. Syed, Mahbubur Rahman, 1952- QA76.575.M5218 2008 006.7--dc22 2008021157
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Associate Editors Steve Clarke University of Hull, UK
Murray E. Jennex San Diego State University, USA
Annie Becker Florida Institute of Technology USA
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko University of Tampere, Finland
Editorial Advisory Board Sherif Kamel American University in Cairo, Egypt
In Lee Western Illinois University, USA
Jerzy Kisielnicki Warsaw University, Poland
Keng Siau University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
Amar Gupta Arizona University, USA
Craig van Slyke University of Central Florida, USA
John Wang Montclair State University, USA
Vishanth Weerakkody Brunel University, UK
Editor-in-Chief
Hershey • New York InformatIon ScIence reference
Additional Research Collections found in the “Contemporary Research in Information Science and Technology”
Book Series Data Mining and Warehousing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications John Wang, Montclair University, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-951-9
Electronic Commerce: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications S. Ann Becker, Florida Institute of Technology, USA • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-943-4
Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko, University of Tampere, Finland • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-947-2
End-User Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Steve Clarke, University of Hull, UK • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-945-8
Global Information Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Felix Tan, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-939-7
Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Craig Van Slyke, University of Central Florida, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-949-6
Information Security and Ethics: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Hamid Nemati, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-937-3
Intelligent Information Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Vijayan Sugumaran, Oakland University, USA • 4-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-941-0
Knowledge Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Murray E. Jennex, San Diego State University, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-933-5
Multimedia Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Syad Mahbubur Rahman, Minnesota State University, USA • 3-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-953-3
Online and Distance Learning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Lawrence Tomei, Robert Morris University, USA • 6-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-935-9
Virtual Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Jerzy Kisielnicki, Warsaw University, Poland • 3-volume set • ISBN 978-1-59904-955-7
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List of Contributors
Acevedo, Andrés Garay / Georgetown University, USA .................................................................. 731 Agnew, Palmer W. / State University of New York at Binghamton, USA .............................................. 1 Ahmad, Ashraf / National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan .............................................................. 634 Ahn, Kyungmo / Kyunghee University, Korea .................................................................................. 164 Alkhalifa, Eshaa M. / University of Bahrain, Bahrain ........................................................... 465, 1209 Ally, Mohamed / Athabasca University, Canada .............................................................................. 607 Almeida, Hyggo / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil ........................................... 472, 654 Altman, Edward / Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore ..................................................... 1113 Andres, Hayward P. / Portland State University, USA ................................................................... 1233 Angelides, Marios C. / Brunel University, UK ............................................................................ 85, 233 Aref, Walid / Purdue University, USA ............................................................................................... 509 Arya, Ali / University of British Columbia, Canada .......................................................................... 958 Atiquzzaman, Mohammed / University of Oklahoma, USA ............................................................ 615 Baek, Seung / Hanyang University, Korea ...................................................................................... 1377 Balram, Shivanand / Simon Fraser University, Canada ................................................................ 1193 Banerji, Ashok / Monisha Electronic Education Trust, India ......................................................... 1078 Bardají, Antonio Valdovinos / University of Zaragoza, Spain ......................................................... 478 Bellini, Pierfrancesco / University of Florence, Italy ...................................................................... 1683 Bertolotto, Michela / University College Dublin, Ireland .............................................................. 1125 Bione, Heather / The University of Melbourne, Australia................................................................. 398 Boll, Susanne / University of Oldenburg, Germany .......................................................................... 325 Bouras, Christos / University of Patras, Greece and Research Academic Computer Technology Institute, Greece .................................................................................... 500, 1781 Breiteneder, Christian / Vienna University of Technology, Austria ............................................... 1600 Butcher-Powell, Loreen Marie / Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, USA .......................... 1069 Canalda, Philippe / University of Franche-Comté, France ............................................................ 1766 Cannell, Jeremy C. / Gannon University, USA ............................................................................... 1105 Carvalho, Paulo / Universidade do Minho Braga, Portugal .......................................................... 1409 Cavallaro, Andrea / Queen Mary University of London, UK ............................................... 1441, 1592 Charlet, Damien / INRIA-Rocquencourt (ARLES Project), France ................................................ 1766 Chatonnay, Pascal / University of Franche-Comté, France ........................................................... 1766 Chen, Herng-Yow / National Chi-Nan University, Taiwan, ROC ......................................... 1058, 1174 Chen, Kuanchin / Western Michigan University, USA ....................................................................... 77 Chen, Minya / Polytechnic University, USA ..................................................................................... 291 Chen, Sherry Y. / Brunel University, UK ........................................................................................ 1476
Chen, Shu-Ching / Florida International University, USA..................................................... 509, 1553 Chetan, Kumar S. / NetDevices India Pvt Ltd, India ...................................................................... 1399 Chung, Jen-Yao / IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA ............................................................... 559 Cirrincione, Armando / SDA Bocconi School of Management, Italy ................................................. 35 Connaughton, Stacey L. / Purdue University, USA ........................................................................ 1295 Cranley, Nicola / University College Dublin, Ireland ..................................................................... 1491 Cruz, Isabel F. / University of Illinois, Chicago, USA ...................................................................... 848 Curran, Kevin / University of Ulster, Ireland ................................................................................... 590 Dagdilelis, Vassilios / University of Macedonia, Greece ................................................................... 898 Dagiuklas, Tasos / Technical Institute of Messolonghi, Greece ........................................................ 827 Davis, Craig / The Learning Community Group, USA .................................................................... 1286 de Gouveia, Fabricio Carvalho / Technical University of Berlin, Germany .................................. 1789 Deb, Sagarmay / University of Southern Queensland, Australia ...................................................... 268 Deltour, Romain / INRIA Rhône-Alpes, France ................................................................................ 705 Derballa, Volker / Universität Augsburg, Germany ........................................................................ 1334 Deusdado, Sérgio / Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal ................................................... 1409 DiMarco, John / Long Island University, USA.................................................................................... 41 Dittmann, Jana / Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany .......................................... 547 Dong, Chaoyan / New York University, USA ................................................................................... 1248 Dong, Ming / Wayne State University, USA ..................................................................................... 1366 Dooley, Laurence S. / Monash University, Australia .......................................................................... 94 Dragicevic, Suzana / Simon Fraser University, Canada ................................................................. 1193 El-Gayar, Omar / Dakota State University, USA................................................................................ 77 Fah, Cheong Loong / The National University of Singapore, Singapore ......................................... 527 Fahy, Patrick J. / Athabasca University, Canada ........................................................................... 1088 Fotouhi, Farshad / Wayne State University, USA ........................................................................... 1366 Gay, Robert / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore .......................................................... 809 Geisler, S. / University of Clausthal, Germany .................................................................................. 223 Germanakos, Panagiotis / National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ...................... 1616 Ghafoor, Arif / Purdue University, USA ........................................................................................... 509 Ghinea, Gheorghita / Brunel University, UK ................................................................................. 1476 Gjedde, Lisa / Danish University of Education, Denmark ................................................................ 390 Gkamas, Apostolos / University of Patras, Greece and Research Academic Computer Technology Institute, Greece .................................................................................... 500, 1781 Goose, Stuart / Siemens Corporate Research Inc., USA ................................................................... 250 Grahn, Kaj J. / Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ..................................................... 660 Grover, Akshay / Brigham Young University, USA ........................................................................ 1344 Gu, Yaolin / Southern Yangtze University, China .............................................................................. 809 Guerraz, Agnès / INRIA Rhône-Alpes, France ................................................................................. 705 Gulliver, Stephen R. / Brunel University, UK ................................................................................ 1262 Gunn, Jane / The University of Melbourne, Australia ...................................................................... 398 Häkkilä, Jonna / Nokia Multimedia, Finland.................................................................................... 151 Hamidzadeh, Babak / University of British Columbia, Canada ...................................................... 958 Hegarty, Kelsey / The University of Melbourne, Australia ............................................................... 398 Hentea, Mariana / Southwestern Oklahoma State University, USA ................................................. 216 Herbster, Raul Fernandes / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil .................................. 472
Hill, Sally Rao / University of Adelaide, Australia ............................................................................ 194 Huang, Thomas S. / University of Illinois, USA ............................................................................. 1508 Hung, Jason C. / Northern Taiwan Institute of Science and Technology, Taiwan........................... 1643 Hurson, Ali R. / The Pennsylvania State University, USA ................................................................ 580 Hüsemann, Bodo / Informationsfabrik GmbH, Münster, Germany .................................................. 864 Ibrahim, Ismail Khalil / Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria................................................. 634 Iglesias, Álvaro Alesanco / University of Zaragoza, Spain ............................................................... 478 Illera, José L. Rodríguez / University of Barcelona, Spain .............................................................. 985 Istepanian, Robert S. H. / Kingston University, UK ........................................................................ 478 Jones, Kevin H. / University of Oregon, USA ................................................................................... 721 Joshi, James B. D. / University of Pittsburgh, USA .......................................................................... 509 Kalliaras, Panagiotis / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ................................ 818, 998 Kan, Karen / The University of Melbourne, Australia ...................................................................... 398 Kao, O. / University of Paderborn, University of Paderborn ............................................................ 223 Karlsson, Jonny / Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ................................................. 660 Karmakar, Gour C. / Monash University, Australia .......................................................................... 94 Kassim, Ashraf / The National University of Singapore, Singapore ................................................. 527 Kawachi, Paul / Kurume Shin-Ai Women’s College, Japan ............................................................ 1156 Kellerman, Anne S. / State University of New York at Binghamton, USA ............................................ 1 Keppell, Mike / Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong ...................................................... 398 Kerse, Ngaire / University of Auckland, New Zealand ...................................................................... 398 Kim, Bong Jun / Korea Telecommunications (KT) Marketing Laboratory, Korea ......................... 1377 King, Ross / Research Studio Digital Memory Engineering, Austria .............................................. 1749 Kiyoki, Yasushi / Keio University, Japan .......................................................................................... 279 Klas, Wolfgang / University of Vienna, Austria and ARC Research Studio Digital Memory Engineering, Vienna, Austria ......................................................................... 364, 1749 Knight, David / Brunel University, UK ............................................................................................... 85 Kotsopoulos, Stavros / University of Patras, Greece ........................................................................ 827 Koubaa, Hend / Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway ..................... 116 Koumaras, H. / University of Athens, Greece ................................................................................. 1392 Kourtis, A. / N.C.S.R., Demokritos, Greece ..................................................................................... 1392 Krishnamurthy, E.V. / Australian National University, Australia ................................................... 976 Larkin, Jeff / Brigham Young University, USA ............................................................................... 1344 Lassabe, Frédéric / University of Franche-Comté, France ............................................................ 1766 Ledermann, Florian / Vienna University of Technology, Austria ................................................... 1600 Lesh, Neal / Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, USA ........................................................ 1508 Li, Chang-Tsun / University of Warwick, UK ................................................................. 316, 793, 1534 Li, Qing / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ............................................................. 242, 1643 Li, Sheng-Tun / National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC ..................................................... 419 Lin, Chu-Hung / National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan .............................................................. 419 Lin, Chun Fu / Mississippi State University, USA .......................................................................... 1668 Lin, Hao-Tung / National Chi-Nan University, Taiwan, ROC ........................................................ 1174 Liotta, Antonio / University of Essex, UK ......................................................................................... 491 Liu, Jiang-Lung / National Defense University, Taiwan ................................................................ 1534 Liu, Kuo-Yu / National Chi-Nan University, Taiwan, ROC ............................................................ 1058 Lopes, Pedro Faria / Higher Institute of Labour and Business Studies (ISCTE), Portugal ............................................................................................................................... 914
Lou, Der-Chyuan / National Defense University, Taiwan .............................................................. 1534 Lowry, Paul Benjamin / Brigham Young University, USA ............................................................. 1344 Madsen, Chris / Brigham Young University, USA .......................................................................... 1344 Magalhães, João / Imperial College London, UK ............................................................................. 880 Magedanz, Thomas / Technical University of Berlin, Germany ..................................................... 1789 Magni, Massimo / Bocconi University, Italy ................................................................................... 1353 Mäntyjärvi, Jani / VTT Technical Centre of Finland, Finland ......................................................... 151 Martakos, D. / University of Athens, Greece ................................................................................... 1392 Mas, José Ruiz / University of Zaragoza, Spain ................................................................................ 478 Mathew, Michael / Monash University, Australia .............................................................................. 94 May, Michael / LearningLab DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark ............................ 435 McArdle, Gavin / University College Dublin, Ireland .................................................................... 1125 Melliar-Smith, P.M. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA ............................................ 1326 Memon, Nasir / Polytechnic University, USA ................................................................................... 291 Messer, Louise Brearley / The University of Melbourne, Australia ................................................. 398 Miká, Jan / INRIA Rhône-Alpes, France ......................................................................................... 705 Mishra, Sanjaya / Indira Gandhi National Open University, India ............................................... 1022 Mitchell, Mathew / University of San Francisco, USA ................................................................... 1181 Mittal, Ankush / IIT Roorkee, India and Indian Institute of Technology, India ..................... 527, 1113 Mittal, Nitin / Nokia Pte Ltd, Singapore ............................................................................................ 129 Moghaddam, Baback / Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, USA ..................................... 1508 Monahan, Teresa / University College Dublin, Ireland .................................................................. 1125 Morais, Marcos / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil ................................................... 472 Moros, José García / University of Zaragoza, Spain ........................................................................ 478 Moser, L.E. / University of California, Santa Barbara, USA .......................................................... 1326 Mostéfaoui, Ghita Kouadri / University of Fribourg, Switzerland ................................................ 1008 Mourlas, Constantinos / National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece ......................... 1616 Murphy, Liam / University College Dublin, Ireland ...................................................................... 1491 Murthy, V. K. / University of New South Wales, Australia ............................................................... 976 Nascimento, José Luís do / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil ................................... 654 Navajas, Julián Fernández / University of Zaragoza, Spain............................................................ 478 Navarro, Eduardo Antonio Viruete / University of Zaragoza, Spain ............................................. 478 Nepal, Surya / CSIRO ICT Centre, Australia .......................................................................... 305, 1456 Nesi, Paolo / University of Florence, Italy ............................................................................................... Ng, Kia / University of Leeds, UK ............................................................................................................ Nösekabel, Holger / University of Passau, Germany ...................................................................... 1317 O’Connor, Vivienne / The University of Queensland, Australia ...................................................... 398 Okazaki, Shintaro / Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain ...................................................... 1311 Oliva, Michael / Royal College of Music, UK ................................................................................... 942 Oredope, Adetola / University of Essex, UK ..................................................................................... 491 Pagalthivarthi, Krishnan V. / IIT Delhi, India and Indian Institute of Technology, India ...................................................................................................................... 527, 1113 Pagani, Margherita / I-LAB Centre for Research on the Digital Economy, Bocconi University, Italy .................................................................................................................... 182 Pallis, E. / Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece .................................................... 1392 Panjala, Shashidhar / Gannon University, USA ............................................................................. 1105
Papageorgiou, P. / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ............................................... 998 Parmar, Minaz J. / Brunel University, UK ....................................................................................... 233 Passerini, Katia / New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA ............................................................... 57 Perkusich, Angelo / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil ....................................... 472, 654 Politis, Ilias / University of Patras, Greece ........................................................................................ 827 Pousttchi, Key / Universität Augsburg, Germany ........................................................................... 1334 Prata, Alcina / Higher School of Management Sciences (ESCE), Portugal ..................................... 914 Primpas, Dimitris / University of Patras, Greece and Research Academic ComputerTechnology Institute, Greece ..................................................................................... 500, 1781 Proserpio, Luigi / Bocconi University, Italy .................................................................................... 1353 Pulkkis, Göran / Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ................................................... 660 Quek, Francis / Virginia Tech, USA ................................................................................................... 559 Ramos, Carolina Hernández / University of Zaragoza, Spain ........................................................ 478 Ratnaike, Viranga / Monash University, Australia ........................................................................... 305 Rege, Manjeet / Wayne State University, USA ................................................................................ 1366 Robbins, Christopher / Rhode Island School of Design, USA and The University of the South Pacific, Fiji ........................................................................................... 1031 Robins, William / Brigham Young University, USA ........................................................................ 1344 Röckelein, Wolfgang / EMPRISE Consulting Düseldorf, Germany ............................................... 1317 Roisin, Cécile / INRIA Rhône-Alpes, France ..................................................................................... 705 Rowe, Neil C. / U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, USA ....................................................................... 10 Rüger, Stefan / Imperial College London, UK .................................................................................. 880 Santos, Danilo Freire de Souza / Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil .......................... 654 Sasaki, Hideyasu / Keio University, Japan ....................................................................................... 279 Sattar, Farook / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ...................................................... 770 Sayenko, Olga / University of Illinois, Chicago, USA ....................................................................... 848 Scales, Glenda Rose / Virginia Tech, USA ....................................................................................... 1078 Schellner, Karin / ARC Research Studio Digital Memory Engineering, Vienna, Austria .................................................................................................................................... 364 Scherp, Ansgar / OFFIS Research Institute, Germany ..................................................................... 325 Schipani, Danilo / Valdani Vicari & Associati, Italy ......................................................................... 182 Schmucker, Martin / Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Germany ................................................................................................................... 1707 Sharda, Nalin / Victoria University, Australia ................................................................................ 1422 Sharma, Ramesh C. / Indira Gandhi National Open University, India ......................................... 1022 Shea, Timothy / University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA ...................................................... 1286 Shen, Chia / Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, USA ....................................................... 1508 Sher, Muhammad / Technical University of Berlin, Germany ....................................................... 1789 Shih, Timothy K. / Tamkang University, Taiwan ............................................................................ 1643 Shim, J. P. / Mississippi State University, USA ................................................................................. 164 Shim, Julie M. / Soldier Design LLC, USA ....................................................................................... 164 Shyu, Mei-Ling / University of Miami, USA ........................................................................... 509, 1553 Sircar, Ranapratap / Wipro Technologies, India ............................................................................ 1399 Sivagurunathan, Surendra Kumar / University of Oklahoma, USA ............................................... 615 Sotiriou, Athanasios-Dimitrios / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ................ 818, 998 Spies, François / University of Franche-Comté, France ................................................................. 1766
Srinivasan, Bala / Monash University, Australia .............................................................................. 305 Srinivasan, Uma / CSIRO ICT Centre, Australia ............................................................................ 1456 Stamos, Kostas / University of Patras, Greece and Research Academic Computer Technology Institute, Greece .................................................................................... 500, 1781 Steinebach, Martin / Fraunhofer IPSI, Germany ............................................................................. 547 Steiner, Karl / University of North Texas, USA ................................................................................. 838 Stern, Tziporah / Baruch College, CUNY, USA .............................................................................. 1360 Tandekar, Kanchana / Dakota State University, USA ........................................................................ 77 Taniar, David / Monash University, Austria ..................................................................................... 634 Tian, Qi / University of Texas at San Antonio, USA ........................................................................ 1508 Torrisi-Steele, Geraldine / Griffith University, Australia ......................................................... 17, 1651 Tran, Nhat Dai / Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Finland ................................................... 660 Troshani, Indrit / University of Adelaide, Australia ......................................................................... 193 Tsagkaropoulos, Michail / University of Patras, Greece .................................................................. 827 Turowski, Klaus / Universität Augsburg, Germany ........................................................................ 1334 Uden, Lorna / Staffordshire University, UK ........................................................................................ 25 Vdaygiri, Subramanyam / Siemens Corporate Research Inc., USA ................................................ 250 Venkataram, P. / Indian Institute of Science, India ......................................................................... 1399 Vitolo, Theresa M. / Gannon University, USA ................................................................................ 1105 Vossen, Gottfried / University of Münster, Germany and University of Waikato, New Zealand ................................................................................................... 864 Wang, Lara / Tongji University, China ............................................................................................. 599 Wang, Ying-Hong / Tamkang University, Taiwan ........................................................................... 1569 Wang, Zhou / Fraunhofer Integrated Publication and Information Systems Institute (IPSI), Germany .................................................................................................................... 116 Wei, Chia-Hung / University of Warwick, UK .................................................................................. 316 Welzl, Michael / University of Innsbruck, Austria ........................................................................... 1634 Westermann, Utz / University of Vienna, Austria ............................................................................. 364 Williams, Angela / Mississippi State University, USA .................................................................... 1668 Winkler, Stefan / National University of Singapore and Genista Corporation, Singapore ....................................................................................................... 1441 Wong, Edward K. / Polytechnic University, USA ............................................................................. 291 Wong-MingJi, Diana J. / Eastern Michigan University, USA ........................................................ 1303 Xilouris, G. / University of Athens, Greece ...................................................................................... 1392 Yan, Hong / City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and University of Sydney, Australia ........................................................................................................... 599 Yang, Bo / The Pennsylvania State University, USA .......................................................................... 580 Yang, Jun / Carnegie Mellon University, USA .................................................................................. 242 Yang, Yanyan / University of California, USA .................................................................................. 809 Yang, Zhonghua / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ................................................... 809 Ye, Yang / Tongji University, China ................................................................................................... 599 Yow, Kin Choong / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore ................................................. 129 Yu, Chien / Mississippi State University, USA ................................................................................ 1668 Yu, Dan / Nanyang Technological University, Singapore .................................................................. 770 Yu, Pao-Ta / National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan, ROC ........................................................ 419 Yu, Wei-Chieh / Mississippi State University, USA ........................................................................ 1668
Zehetmayer, Robert / University of Vienna, Austria ...................................................................... 1749 Zhang, Chengcui / Florida International University, USA ............................................................. 1553 Zhang, Felicia / University of Canberra, Australia ......................................................................... 1042 Zhang, Jia / Northern Illinois University, USA ................................................................................. 559 Zhang, Liang-Jie / IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, USA ............................................................. 559 Zheng, Robert / University of Utah, USA ....................................................................................... 1216 Zhuang, Yueting / Zhejiang University, China ................................................................................. 242 Zillner, Sonja / University of Vienna, Austria ................................................................................... 364 Zoi, S. / National Technical University of Athens, Greece ................................................................ 998
Contents by Volume
Section 1. Fundamental Concepts and Theories
This section serves as the foundation for this exhaustive reference tool by addressing crucial theories essential to the understanding of multimedia technologies. Chapters found within these pages provide an excellent framework in which to position multimedia technologies within the field of information sci- ence and technology. Individual contributions provide overviews of multimedia education, multimedia messaging, and multimedia databases while also exploring critical stumbling blocks of this field. Within this introductory section, the reader can learn and choose from a compendium of expert research on the elemental theories underscoring the research and application of multimedia technologies.
Chapter 1.1. Fundamentals of Multimedia / Palmer W. Agnew and Anne S. Kellerman ........................ 1
Chapter 1.2. Digital Multimedia / Neil C. Rowe ................................................................................... 10
Chapter 1.3. Core Principles of Educational Multimedia / Geraldine Torrisi-Steele .......................... 17
Chapter 1.4. Multimedia Instruction / Lorna Uden ............................................................................. 25
Chapter 1.5. Multimedia Technologies in Education / Armando Cirrincione ...................................... 35
Chapter 1.6. Teaching Computer Graphics and Multimedia: A Practical Overview / John DiMarco ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Chapter 1.7. Evaluating Learning Management Systems: Leveraging Learned Experiences from Interactive Multimedia / Katia Passerini ................................................................ 57
Chapter 1.8. Multimedia Interactivity on the Internet / Omar El-Gayar, Kuanchin Chen, and Kanchana Tandekar ............................................................................................ 77
Chapter 1.9. Multimedia Content Adaptation / David Knight and Marios C. Angelides ..................... 85
Chapter 1.10. Introduction to Mobile Multimedia Communications / Gour C. Karmakar, Laurence S. Dooley, and Michael Mathew .......................................................... 94
Chapter 1.11. Discovering Multimedia Services and Contents in Mobile Environments / Zhou Wang and Hend Koubaa ............................................................................................................ 116
Chapter 1.12. Multimedia Messaging Peer / Kin Choong Yow and Nitin Mittal ................................ 129
Chapter 1.13. Situated Multimedia for Mobile Communications / Jonna Häkkilä and Jani Mäntyjärvi ................................................................................................... 151
Chapter 1.14. Current Status of Mobile Wireless Technology and Digital Multimedia Broadcasting / J. P. Shim, Kyungmo Ahn, and Julie M. Shim ......................................... 164
Chapter 1.15. Motivations and Barriers to the Adoption of 3G Mobile Multimedia Services: An End User Perspective in the Italian Market / Margherita Pagani and Danilo Schipani ............................................................................................ 182
Chapter 1.16. A Proposed Framework for Mobile Services Adoption: A Review of Existing Theories, Extensions, and Future Research Directions / Indrit Troshani and Sally Rao Hill ...................................................................................................................................... 193
Chapter 1.17. Multimedia Databases / Mariana Hentea .................................................................... 216
Chapter 1.18. Parallel and Distributed Multimedia Databases / S. Geisler and O. Kao ..................... 223
Chapter 1.19. Multimedia Information Filtering / Minaz J. Parmar and Marios C. Angelides ............................................................................................................................ 233
Chapter 1.20. Multimedia Information Retrieval at a Crossroad / Qing Li, Jun Yang, and Yueting Zhuang ............................................................................................................ 242
Chapter 1.21. Multimedia Capture, Collaboration and Knowledge Management / Subramanyam Vdaygiri and Stuart Goose ......................................................................................... 250
Chapter 1.22. Multimedia Systems and Content-Based Image Retrieval / Sagarmay Deb ................ 268
Chapter 1.23. Multimedia Digital Library as Intellectual Property / Hideyasu Sasaki and Yasushi Kiyoki .................................................................................................. 279
Chapter 1.24. Data Hiding in Document Images / Minya Chen, Nasir Memon, and Edward K. Wong ................................................................................................................................. 291
Chapter 1.25. Emergent Semantics: An Overview / Viranga Ratnaike, Bala Srinivasan, and Surya Nepal ...................................................................................................... 305
Section 2. Development and Design Methodologies
This section provides in-depth coverage of conceptual architectures, frameworks and methodologies related to the design and implementation of multimedia technologies. Throughout these contributions, research fundamentals in the discipline are presented and discussed. From broad examinations to specific discussions on electronic tools, the research found within this section spans the discipline while also offering detailed, specific discussions. Basic designs, as well as abstract developments, are explained within these chapters, and frameworks for designing successful multimedia interfaces, applications, and even environments are discussed.
Chapter 2.1. Content-Based Multimedia Retrieval / Chia-Hung Wei and Chang-Tsun Li ................. 316
Chapter 2.2. MM4U: A Framework for Creating Personalized Multimedia Content / Ansgar Scherp and Susanne Boll ........................................................................................................ 325
Chapter 2.3. EMMO: Tradable Units of Knowledge-Enriched Multimedia Content / Utz Westermann, Sonja Zillner, Karin Schellner, and Wolfgang Klas ............................................... 364
Chapter 2.4. Designing for Learning in Narrative Multimedia Environments / Lisa Gjedde ......................................................................................................................................... 390
Chapter 2.5 Multimedia Learning Designs: Using Authentic Learning Interactions in Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences / Mike Keppell, Jane Gunn, Kelsey Hegarty, Vivienne O’Connor, Ngaire Kerse, Karen Kan, Louise Brearley Messer, and Heather Bione .............................................................................................................................. 398
Chapter 2.6. On a Design of SCORM-Compliant SMIL-Enabled Multimedia Streaming E-Learning System / Sheng-Tun Li, Chu-Hung Lin, and Pao-Ta Yu ................................. 419
Chapter 2.7. Feature-Based Multimedia Semantics: Representation for Instructional Multimedia Design / Michael May ................................................................................ 435
Chapter 2.8. Cognitively Informed Multimedia Interface Design / Eshaa M. Alkhalifa .................... 465
Chapter 2.9. Enabling Multimedia Applications in Memory-Limited Mobile Devices / Raul Fernandes Herbster, Hyggo Almeida, Angelo Perkusich, and Marcos Morais ......................... 472
Chapter 2.10. Design of an Enhanced 3G-Based Mobile Healthcare System / José Ruiz Mas, Eduardo Antonio Viruete Navarro, Carolina Hernández Ramos, Álvaro Alesanco Iglesias, Julián Fernández Navajas, Antonio Valdovinos Bardají, Robert S. H. Istepanian, and José García Moros ............................................................................... 478
Chapter 2.11. Service Provisioning in the IP Multimedia Subsystem / Adetola Oredope and Antonio Liotta .................................................................................................. 491
Chapter 2.12. Adaptive Transmission of Multimedia Data over the Internet / Christos Bouras, Apostolos Gkamas, Dimitris Primpas, and Kostas Stamos .................................... 500
Chapter 2.13. A Multimedia-Based Threat Management and Information Security Framework / James B. D. Joshi, Mei-Ling Shyu, Shu-Ching Chen, Walid Aref, and Arif Ghafoor ........................................................................................................................................ 509
Chapter 2.14. Context-Based Interpretation and Indexing of Video Data / Ankush Mittal, Cheong Loong Fah, Ashraf Kassim, and Krishnan V. Pagalthivarthi ................................................ 527
Chapter 2.15. Design Principles for Active Audio and Video Fingerprinting / Martin Steinebach and Jana Dittmann ............................................................................................... 547
Volume II
Section 3. Tools and Technologies
This section presents extensive coverage of the interaction between multimedia and the various tools and technologies that researchers, practitioners, and students alike can implement in their daily lives. These chapters provide an in-depth analysis of mobile multimedia, while also providing insight into new and upcoming technologies, theories, and instruments that will soon be commonplace. Within these rigorously researched chapters, readers are presented with countless examples of the tools that facilitate the transmission of multimedia data. In addition, the successful implementation and resulting impact of these various tools and technologies are discussed within this collection of chapters.
Chapter 3.1. Multimedia Content Representation Technologies / Ali R. Hurson and Bo Yang ............................................................................................................................................... 580
Chapter 3.2. Multimedia for Mobile Devices / Kevin Curran ............................................................ 590
Chapter 3.3. Multimedia Contents for Mobile Entertainment / Hong Yan, Lara Wang, and Yang Ye ..................................................................................................................... 599
Chapter 3.4. Multimedia Information Design for Mobile Devices / Mohamed Ally .......................... 607
Chapter 3.5. Multimedia over Wireless Mobile Data Networks / Surendra Kumar Sivagurunathan and Mohammed Atiquzzaman ....................................................... 615
Chapter 3.6. Mobile Multimedia: Communication Technologies, Business Drivers, Service and Applications / Ismail Khalil Ibrahim, Ashraf Ahmad, and David Taniar ....................... 634
Chapter 3.7. Interactive Multimedia File Sharing Using Bluetooth / Danilo Freire de Souza Santos, José Luís do Nascimento, Hyggo Almeida, and Angelo Perkusich ......................................................................................................................... 654
Chapter 3.8. Security of Mobile Devices for Multimedia Applications / Göran Pulkkis, Kaj J. Grahn, Jonny Karlsson, and Nhat Dai Tran ................................................... 660
Chapter 3.9. Multimedia Authoring for Communities of Teachers / Agnès Guerraz, Cécile Roisin, Jan Miká, and Romain Deltour ................................................................................. 705
Chapter 3.10. Screenspace / Kevin H. Jones ....................................................................................... 721
Chapter 3.11. Audio Watermarking: Properties, Techniques and Evaluation / Andrés Garay Acevedo........................................................................................................................ 731
Chapter 3.12. Digital Watermarking for Multimedia Transaction Tracking / Dan Yu and Farook Sattar .................................................................................................................. 770
Chapter 3.13. Digital Watermarking Schemes for Multimedia Authentication / Chang-Tsun Li ..................................................................................................................................... 793
Section 4. Utilization and Application
This section introduces and discusses a variety of the existing applications of multimedia technologies that have influenced education, science, and even music and proposes new ways in which multimedia technologies can be implemented within organizations and in society as a whole. Within these selections, particular multimedia applications, such as face recognition technology and educational, are explored and debated. Contributions included in this section provide excellent coverage of today’s multimedia environment and insight into how multimedia technologies impact the fabric of our present-day global village.
Chapter 4.1. Integrated-Services Architecture for Internet Multimedia Applications / Zhonghua Yang, Yanyan Yang, Yaolin Gu, and Robert Gay ............................................................... 809
Chapter 4.2. Location-Based Multimedia Content Delivery System for Monitoring Purposes / Athanasios-Dimitrios Sotiriou and Panagiotis Kalliaras ................................................. 818
Chapter 4.3. Provisioning of Multimedia Applications Across Heterogeneous All-IP Networks / Michail Tsagkaropoulos, Ilias Politis, Tasos Dagiuklas, and Stavros Kotsopoulos ............................................................................................................................ 827
Chapter 4.4. Adaptive Narrative Virtual Environments / Karl Steiner ............................................... 838
Chapter 4.5. Semantically Driven Multimedia Querying and Presentation / Isabel F. Cruz and Olga Sayenko ........................................................................................................ 848
Chapter 4.6. OntoMedia: Semantic Multimedia Metadata Integration and Organization / Bodo Hüsemann and Gottfried Vossen ............................................................................................... 864
Chapter 4.7. Semantic Multimedia Information Anaylsis for Retrieval Applications / João Magalhães and Stefan Rüger ..................................................................................................... 880
Chapter 4.8. Principles of Educational Software Design / Vassilios Dagdilelis ................................. 898
Chapter 4.9. Online Multimedia Educational Application for Teaching Multimedia Contents: An Experiment with Students in Higher Education / Alcina Prata and Pedro Faria Lopes .................................................................................................. 914
Chapter 4.10. Interactive Systems for Multimedia Opera / Michael Oliva ........................................ 942
Chapter 4.11. Face Animation: A Case Study for Multimedia Modeling and Specification Languages / Ali Arya and Babak Hamidzadeh ............................................................. 958
Chapter 4.12. Multimedia Computing Environment for Telemedical Applications / V. K. Murthy and E.V.Krishnamurthy .................................................................................................. 976
Chapter 4.13. Interactive Multimedia and AIDS Prevention: A Case Study / José L. Rodríguez Illera ...................................................................................................................... 985
Chapter 4.14. Location-Based Multimedia Services for Tourists / Panagiotis Kalliaras, Athanasios-Dimitrios Sotiriou, P. Papageorgiou, and S. Zoi ............................................................. 998
Chapter 4.15. Software Engineering for Mobile Multimedia: A Roadmap / Ghita Kouadri Mostéfaoui ................................................................................................................ 1008
Section 5. Organizational and Social Implications
This section includes a wide range of research pertaining to the social and organizational impact of multimedia technologies around the world. Chapters introducing this section analyze multimedia as a vehicle for cultural transmission and language, while later contributions offer an extensive analysis of educational multimedia. The inquiries and methods presented in this section offer insight into the integration of multimedia technologies in social and organizational settings while also emphasizing potential areas of study within the discipline.
Chapter 5.1. Multimedia as a Cross-Channel for Cultures and Languages / Ramesh C. Sharma and Sanjaya Mishra .......................................................................................... 1022
Chapter 5.2. Developing Culturally Inclusive Educational Multimedia in the South Pacific / Christopher Robbins ................................................................................................. 1031
Chapter 5.3. Using an Interactive Feedback Tool to Enhance Pronunciation in Language Learning / Felicia Zhang .................................................................................................. 1042
Chapter 5.4. Web-Based Synchronized Multimedia Lecturing / Kuo-Yu Liu and Herng-Yow Chen ..................................................................................................... 1058
Chapter 5.5. Teaching, Learning and Multimedia / Loreen Marie Butcher-Powell ......................... 1069
Chapter 5.6. Interactive Multimedia for Learning and Performance / Ashok Banerji and Glenda Rose Scales ............................................................................................ 1078
Chapter 5.7. Planning for Multimedia Learning / Patrick J. Fahy ................................................... 1088
Chapter 5.8. E-Learning and Multimedia Databases / Theresa M. Vitolo, Shashidhar Panjala, and Jeremy C. Cannell .................................................................................... 1105
Chapter 5.9. Integrating Multimedia Cues in E-Learning Documents for Enhanced Learning / Ankush Mittal, Krishnan V. Pagalthivarthi, and Edward Altman ................................... 1113
Chapter 5.10. Using Multimedia and Virtual Reality for Web-Based Collaborative Learning on Multiple Platforms / Gavin McArdle, Teresa Monahan, and Michela Bertolotto ............................................................................................................................ 1125
Volume III
Chapter 5.11. Empirical Validation of a Multimedia Construct for Learning / Paul Kawachi .................................................................................................................................... 1156
Chapter 5.12. Web-Based Multimedia Children’s Art Cultivation / Hao-Tung Lin and Herng-Yow Chen ................................................................................................ 1174
Chapter 5.13. Student-Generated Multimedia / Mathew Mitchell .................................................... 1181
Chapter 5.14. An Embedded Collaborative Systems Model for Implementing ICT-Based Multimedia Cartography Teaching and Learning / Shivanand Balram and Suzana Dragicevic ..................................................................................................................... 1193
Chapter 5.15. Multimedia Evaluations Based on Cognitive Science Findings / Eshaa M. Alkhalifa ............................................................................................................................ 1209
Chapter 5.16. Cognitive Functionality of Multimedia in Problem Solving / Robert Zheng ..................................................................................................................................... 1216
Chapter 5.17. Multimedia, Information Compexity, and Cognitive Processing / Hayward P. Andres ............................................................................................................................ 1233
Chapter 5.18. Interface Design, Emotions, and Multimedia Learning / Chaoyan Dong .................................................................................................................................. 1248
Chapter 5.19. Incorporating and Understanding the User Perspective / Stephen R. Gulliver ........................................................................................................................... 1262
Chapter 5.20. Leveraging Digital Multimedia Training for At-Risk Teens / Timothy Shea and Craig Davis ......................................................................................................... 1286
Section 6. Managerial Impact
This section presents contemporary coverage of the more formal implications of multimedia technologies, more specifically related to the corporate and managerial impact of the core concepts of multimedia, and how these concepts can be applied within organizations. The design and implementation of multi- media advertising is the focus of this section, which provides a how-to guide for multimedia business and commerce. The managerial research provided in this section allows executives and employees alike to understand the role of multimedia technology in business.
Chapter 6.1. Distanced Leadership and Multimedia / Stacey L. Connaughton ................................ 1295
Chapter 6.2. Leadership Competencies for Managing Global Virtual Teams / Diana J. Wong-MingJi ...................................................................................................................... 1303
Chapter 6.3. Short Message Service (SMS) as an Advertising Medium / Shintaro Okazaki ............................................................................................................................... 1311
Chapter 6.4. V-Card: Mobile Multimedia for Mobile Marketing / Holger Nösekabel and Wolfgang Röckelein .................................................................................................................... 1317
Chapter 6.5. Mobile Multimedia for Commerce / P.M. Melliar-Smith and L.E. Moser ................... 1326
Chapter 6.6. Business Model Typology for Mobile Commerce / Volker Derballa, Key Pousttchi, and Klaus Turowski .................................................................................................. 1334
Chapter 6.7. Making Money with Open-Source Business Initiatives / Paul Benjamin Lowry, Akshay Grover, Chris Madsen, Jeff Larkin, and William Robins .................................................................................................................................. 1344
Chapter 6.8. Learning through Business Games / Luigi Proserpio and Massimo Magni ................ 1353
Chapter 6.9. Internet Privacy from the Individual and Business Perspectives / Tziporah Stern ................................................................................................................................... 1360
Chapter 6.10. Enhancing E-Business on the Semantic Web through Automatic Multimedia Representation / Manjeet Rege, Ming Dong, and Farshad Fotouhi ............................. 1366
Chapter 6.11. Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) in Korea: Convergence and its Regulatory Implications / Seung Baek and Bong Jun Kim .......................................................... 1377
Section 7. Critical Issues
This section addresses conceptual and theoretical issues related to the field of multimedia technologies, which include quality of service issues in multimedia transmission and the numerous approaches adopted by researchers that aid in making multimedia technologies more effective. Within these chapters, the reader is presented with analysis of the most current and relevant conceptual inquires within this grow- ing field of study. Particular chapters address methodologies for the organization of multimedia objects and the relationship between cognition and multimedia. Overall, contributions within this section ask unique, often theoretical questions related to the study of multimedia technologies and, more often than not, conclude that solutions are both numerous and contradictory.
Chapter 7.1. Perceived Quality Evaluation for Multimedia Services / H. Koumaras, E. Pallis, G. Xilouris, A. Kourtis, and D. Martakos ......................................................................... 1392
Chapter 7.2. Distributed Approach for QoS Guarantee to Wireless Multimedia / Kumar S. Chetan, P. Venkataram, and Ranapratap Sircar ............................................................... 1399
Chapter 7.3. QoS Adaptation in Multimedia Multicast Conference Applications for E-Learning Services / Sérgio Deusdado and Paulo Carvalho .................................................... 1409
Chapter 7.4. Quality of Service Issues in Mobile Multimedia Transmission / Nalin Sharda ..................................................................................................................................... 1422
Chapter 7.5. Perceptual Semantics / Andrea Cavallaro and Stefan Winkler .................................... 1441
Chapter 7.6. A Multidimensional Approach for Describing Video Semantics / Uma Srinivasan and Surya Nepal ..................................................................................................... 1456
Chapter 7.7. Perceptual Multimedia: A Cognitive Style Perspective / Gheorghita Ghinea and Sherry Y. Chen............................................................................................ 1476
Chapter 7.8. Incorporating User Perception in Adaptive Video Streaming Systems / Nicola Cranley and Liam Murphy .................................................................................................... 1491
Chapter 7.9. Visualization, Estimation and User Modeling for Interactive Browsing of Personal Photo Libraries / Qi Tian, Baback Moghaddam, Neal Lesh, Chia Shen, and Thomas S. Huang ....................................................................................................................... 1508
Chapter 7.10. Digital Signature-Based Image Authentication / Der-Chyuan Lou, Jiang-Lung Liu, and Chang-Tsun Li ................................................................................................. 1534
Chapter 7.11. A Stochastic and Content-Based Image Retrieval Mechanism / Mei-Ling Shyu, Shu-Ching Chen, and Chengcui Zhang ................................................................... 1553
Chapter 7.12. A Spatial Relationship Method Supports Image Indexing and Similarity Retrieval / Ying-Hong Wang ............................................................................................. 1569
Section 8. Emerging Trends
This section highlights research potential within the field of multimedia technologies while exploring uncharted areas of study for the advancement of the discipline. Introducing this section are selections ad- dressing the need for universal access to multimedia. Additional selections discuss the future of multimedia education, advances in multimedia transmission on the Internet, and the possibilities and limitations of multimedia content protection. These contributions, which conclude this exhaustive, multi-volume set, provide emerging trends and suggestions for future research within this rapidly expanding discipline.
Chapter 8.1. Universal Multimedia Access / Andrea Cavallaro ....................................................... 1592
Chapter 8.2. Towards a Taxonomy of Display Styles for Ubiquitious Multimedia / Florian Ledermann and Christian Breiteneder ................................................................................ 1600
Chapter 8.3. Adaptation and Personalization of Web-Based Multimedia Content / Panagiotis Germanakos and Constantinos Mourlas ........................................................................ 1616
Chapter 8.4. New Internet Protocols for Multimedia Transmission / Michael Welzl ....................... 1634
Chapter 8.5. Future Directions of Multimedia Technologies in E-Learning / Timothy K. Shih, Qing Li, and Jason C. Hung .................................................................................. 1643
Chapter 8.6. Toward Effective Use of Multimedia Technologies in Education / Geraldine Torrisi-Steele .................................................................................................................... 1651
Chapter 8.7. Planning Effective Multimedia Instruction / Chien Yu, Angela Williams, Chun Fu Lin, and Wei-Chieh Yu ....................................................................................................... 1668
Chapter 8.8. XML Music Notation Modelling for Multimedia: MPEG-SMR / Pierfrancesco Bellini ........................................................................................................................ 1683
Chapter 8.9. Possibilities, Limitations, and the Future of Audiovisual Content Protection / Martin Schmucker ............................................................................................ 1707
Chapter 8.10. Modular Implementation of an Ontology-Driven Multimedia Content Delivery Application for Mobile Networks / Robert Zehetmayer, Wolfgang Klas, and Ross King .......................................................................................................................................... 1749
Chapter 8.11. Mobility Prediction for Multimedia Services / Damien Charlet, Frédéric Lassabe, Philippe Canalda, Pascal Chatonnay, and François Spies ................................ 1766
Chapter 8.12. Multicast of Multimedia Data / Christos Bouras, Apostolos Gkamas, Dimitris Primpas, and Kostas Stamos .............................................................................................. 1781
Chapter 8.13. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) for Emerging All-IP Networks / Muhammad Sher, Fabricio Carvalho de Gouveia, and Thomas Magedanz .................................... 1789
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Preface
As multimedia technologies and their applications have witnessed explosive growth within the past two decades, information has become increasingly interactive and multidimensional. Traditional text-based data has been augmented and, in some cases, replaced by audiovisual content that is used to transform teaching styles, enhance business transactions, and promote cultural literacy. Researchers, students, and educators have benefited from and been challenged by increased access to multimedia data on the Internet, television, and even on their personal mobile devices. These technologies and their applications will continue to pervade and simplify our daily lives and, as a result, we must continue to understand, develop, and utilize the latest in multimedia research and exploration.
As the study of multimedia technologies and their applications has grown in both number and popu- larity, researchers and educators have devised a variety of techniques and methodologies to develop, deliver, and, at the same time, evaluate the effectiveness of their use. The explosion of methodologies in the field has created an abundance of new, state-of-the-art literature related to all aspects of this ex- panding discipline. This body of work allows researchers to learn about the fundamental theories, latest discoveries, and forthcoming trends in the field of multimedia technologies.
Constant technological and theoretical innovation challenges researchers to stay abreast of and continue to develop and deliver methodologies and techniques utilizing the discipline’s latest advancements. In order to provide the most comprehensive, in-depth, and current coverage of all related topics and their applications, as well as to offer a single reference source on all conceptual, methodological, technical, and managerial issues in multimedia technology, Information Science Reference is pleased to offer a three-volume reference collection on this rapidly growing discipline. This collection aims to empower researchers, students, and practitioners by facilitating their comprehensive understanding of the most critical areas within this field of study.
This collection, entitled Multimedia Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Appli- cations, is organized into eight distinct sections which are as follows: 1) Fundamental Concepts and Theories, 2) Development and Design Methodologies, 3) Tools and Technologies, 4) Utilization and Application, 5) Organizational and Social Implications, 6) Managerial Impact, 7) Critical Issues, and 8) Emerging Trends. The following paragraphs provide a summary of what is covered in each section of this multi-volume reference collection.
Section One, Fundamental Concepts and Theories, serves as a foundation for this exhaustive refer- ence tool by addressing crucial theories essential to understanding multimedia technologies. Opening this elemental section is “Fundamentals of Multimedia” by Palmer W. Agnew and Anne S. Kellerman, which defines the term “multimedia,” provides an overview of end-user multimedia devices, and addresses some of the main issues and challenges within the field. Specific applications of multimedia technologies are discussed in selections such as “Core Principles of Educational Multimedia” by Geraldine Torrisi- Steele and “Introduction to Mobile Multimedia Communications” by Gour C. Karmakar, Laurence S.
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Dooley, and Michael Mathew. Within the contribution “Multimedia Databases,” researcher Mariana Hentea explains the fundamental use and importance of multimedia databases in shaping on-demand television, medical systems, and even fashion design. Similarly, in “Multimedia Information Retrieval at a Crossroad,” Qing Li, Jun Yang, and Yueting Zhuang outline the main methods used for retrieving multimedia content and highlight both the current and emerging applications of such technology. The selections within this comprehensive, foundational section enable readers to learn from expert research on the elemental theories underscoring multimedia technologies.
Section Two, Development and Design Methodologies, contains in-depth coverage of conceptual architectures and frameworks, providing the reader with a comprehensive understanding of emerging theoretical and conceptual developments within the development and utilization of multimedia tech- nologies. “Content-Based Multimedia Retrieval” by Chia-Hung Wei and Chang-Tsun Li suggests that content-based retrieval of multimedia content, as opposed to traditional text-based retrieval, makes da- tabase searching more efficient. Other selections, such as “Cognitively Informed Multimedia Interface Design” by Eshaa M. Alkhalifa, explain how cognitive psychology has helped to change the design of multimedia educational systems. The design of multimedia systems on mobile devices is explored at length in selections such as “Enabling Multimedia Applications in Memory-Limited Mobile Devices” by Raul Fernandes Herbster, Hyggo Almeida, Angelo Perkusich, and Marcos Morais; “Mobile Multime- dia Collaborative Services” by Do Van Thanh, Ivar Jørstad, and Schahram Dustdar; and “Design of an Enhanced 3G-Based Mobile Healthcare System” by José Ruiz Mas, Eduardo Antonio Viruete Navarro, Carolina Hernández Ramos, Álvaro Alesanco Iglesias, Julián Fernández Navajas, Antonio Valdovinos Bardají, Robert S. H. Istepanian, and José García Moros. From basic designs to abstract development, chapters such as “Designing for Learning in Narrative Multimedia Environments” by Lisa Gjedde and “On a Design of SCORM-Compliant SMIL-Enabled Multimedia Streaming E-Learning System” by Sheng-Tun Li, Chu-Hung Lin, and Pao-Ta Yu serve to expand the reaches of development and design methodologies within the field of multimedia technologies.
Section Three, Tools and Technologies, presents extensive coverage of various tools and technologies and their use in creating and expanding the reaches of multimedia applications. The emergence of mobile devices and the potential for enabling multimedia content on these devices is the subject of articles such as “Multimedia for Mobile Devices” by Kevin Curran; “Multimedia Contents for Mobile Entertainment” by Hong Yan, Lara Wang, and Yang Ye; and “Multimedia Information Design for Mobile Devices” by Mohamed Ally. The new, multimedia-enabled face of distance education is explored throughout Hakikur Rahman’s pair of contributions, “Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education Systems” and “Interactive Multimedia Technologies for Distance Education in Developing Countries.” Throughout these selections, Rahman explains how multimedia technologies have transformed the physical classroom into the virtual classroom. Other technologies that are investigated within this section include digital watermarking, in the selections “Digital Watermarking for Multimedia Transaction Tracking” by Dan Yu and Farook Sattar and “Digital Watermarking Schemes for Multimedia Authentication” by Chang-Tsun Li, and communication systems on digital televisions, which are detailed in “Multimedia Communication Services on Digital TV Platforms” by Zbigniew Hulicki. These rigorously researched chapters provide readers with countless examples of the up-and-coming tools and technologies that emerge from or can be applied to the multidimensional field of multimedia technologies.
Section Four, Utilization and Application, explores the ways in which multimedia technologies and their applications have been practically employed in a variety of contexts. This collection of innovative research begins with “Integrated-Services Architecture for Internet Multimedia Applications” by Zhon- ghua Yang, Yanyan Yang, Yaolin Gu, and Robert Gay, which documents the emergence of multimedia applications on the Internet. As music retrieval has been an essential part of the multimedia revolution,
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several selections, including “Interactive Multimedia MUSICNETWORK: An Introduction” by Kia Ng and Paolo Nesi and “Content-Based Music Summarization and Classification” by Changsheng Xu, Xi Shao, Namunu C. Maddage, Jesse S. Jin, and Qi Tian, document the classification and study of music- related multimedia technologies. Another application of multimedia technology, face recognition, is studied in “Face Recognition Technology: A Biometric Solution to Security Problems” by Sanjay K. Singh, Mayank Vatsa, Richa Singh, K. K. Shukla, and Lokesh R. Boregowda. As this section concludes, some of the more novel applications of multimedia technologies are surveyed. “Location-Based Multi- media Services for Tourists” by Panagiotis Kalliaras, Athanasios-Dimitrios Sotiriou, P. Papageorgiou, and S. Zoi presents a particular system that aims to provide its users with personalized, tourism-related multimedia information. From established applications to forthcoming innovations, contributions in this section provide excellent coverage of today’s global community and demonstrate how multimedia technologies impact the social, economic, and political fabric of our present-day global village.
Section Five, Organizational and Social Implications, includes a wide range of research pertain- ing to the organizational and cultural implications of multimedia technologies. Introducing this section is “Multimedia as a Cross-Channel for Cultures and Languages” by Ramesh C. Sharma and Sanjaya Mishra, a selection that identifies multimedia’s role in both preserving and transmitting culture. One of the most widely researched topics in multimedia research—the impact of multimedia technologies upon the modern-day educational system—is explored at length in chapters such as “Teaching, Learn- ing and Multimedia” by Loreen Marie Butcher-Powell, “Planning for Multimedia Learning” by Patrick J. Fahy, and “Web-Based Synchronized Multimedia Lecturing” by Kuo-Yu Liu and Herng-Yow Chen. Other contributions, such as “Web-Based Multimedia Children’s Art Cultivation” by Hao-Tung Lin and Herng-Yow Chen and “Student-Generated Multimedia” by Mathew Mitchell, explore the ways in which multimedia authoring among students has been an asset to their overall educational experience. Overall, the discussions presented in this section offer insight into the integration of multimedia technologies into society and the benefit these technologies have provided.
Section Six, Managerial Impact, presents contemporary coverage of the applications and implica- tions of multimedia technologies in a business setting. Core concepts such as mobile commerce, Internet security, and the evolution of new advertising techniques are discussed in this collection. “Distanced Leadership and Multimedia” by Stacey L. Connaughton explains how multimedia has allowed virtual teams, who may never see each other face-to-face, communicate more effectively. “Short Message Service (SMS) as an Advertising Medium” by Shintaro Okazaki provides a summary of the use of both SMS and MMS for mobile advertising. Similarly, the selection “Mobile Multimedia for Commerce” by P.M. Melliar-Smith and L.E. Moser describes the rise of mobile commerce and explains that, since mobile devices are portable, they are the perfect tools for convenient selling and purchasing. Tziporah Stern’s “Internet Privacy from the Individual and Business Perspectives” explains how online privacy has become a major issue for businesses and individuals alike. Within this selection, Stern provides both an overview of the problem and a list of potential solutions that individuals and businesses can adopt to make Web browsing and shopping more secure. The comprehensive research in this section offers an overview of the major issues that businesses must address in order to remain successful and current in an environment rich with multimedia content and interaction.
Section Seven, Critical Issues, presents readers with an in-depth analysis of the more theoretical and conceptual issues within this growing field of study by addressing topics such as quality of service (QoS) and multimedia security. “Distributed Approach for QoS Guarantee to Wireless Multimedia” by Kumar S. Chetan, P. Venkataram, and Ranapratap Sircar and “Quality of Service Issues in Mobile Multimedia Transmission” by Nalin Sharda discuss current and potential challenges in successfully transmitting multimedia content over wireless networks. Daniel J. Buehrer’s “Organizing Multimedia
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Objects by Using Class Algebra” highlights a particular method for retrieving Web-based multimedia content. Similarly, specific methods for image retrieval and indexing are presented and defined in se- lections such as “A Stochastic and Content-Based Image Retrieval Mechanism” by Mei-Ling Shyu, Shu-Ching Chen, and Chengcui Zhang and “A Spatial Relationship Method Supports Image Indexing and Similarity Retrieval” by Ying-Hong Wang. Concluding this collection of the more conceptual is- sues within the field is “Multimedia Security and Digital Rights Management Technology” by Eduardo Fernandez-Medina, Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, Ernesto Damiani, Mario Piattini, and Pierangela Samarati, in which the importance of defining who has the rights to particular multimedia content is addressed. In all, the theoretical and abstract issues presented and analyzed within this collection form the backbone of revolutionary research in multimedia technologies and their applications.
The concluding section of this authoritative reference tool, Emerging Trends, highlights research potential within the field of multimedia technologies while exploring uncharted areas of study for the advancement of the discipline. New IETF transport layer protocols in support of multimedia data trans- mission are presented and explored within Michael Welzl’s “New Internet Protocols for Multimedia Transmission,” while the potential for a multimedia world is debated within “Universal Multimedia Access” by Andrea Cavallaro. Later selections, such as “Toward Effective Use of Multimedia Technolo- gies in Education” by Geraldine Torrisi-Steele, maintain that the current use of multimedia in education is problematic and present guidelines for the future construction of multimedia-informed educational systems. Similarly, in their contribution “Future Directions of Multimedia Technologies in E-Learning,” researchers Timothy K. Shih, Qing Li, and Jason C. Hung argue for the incorporation of pedagogic theory into the design of distance learning systems which will, in their opinion, make learning more efficient. This final section demonstrates that multimedia technologies, with their infinite potential for application, will continue to both shape and define the way we access and absorb information.
Although the contents of this multi-volume book are organized within the preceding eight sections which offer a progression of coverage of the important concepts, methodologies, technologies, applica- tions, social issues, and emerging trends, the reader can also identify specific contents by utilizing the extensive indexing system listed at the end of each volume. Furthermore, to ensure that the scholar, researcher, and educator have access to the entire contents of this multi-volume set, as well as additional coverage that could not be included in the print version of this publication, the publisher will provide unlimited, multi-user electronic access to the online aggregated database of this collection for the life of the edition, free of charge when a library purchases a print copy. In addition to providing content not included within the print version, this aggregated database is also continually updated to ensure that the most current research is available to those interested in multimedia technologies.
Within the past two decades, multimedia content began to occupy our computers, television screens, and mobile devices and has made the information age a reality. The applications of multimedia tech- nology are both diverse and innumerable—education, business, and even art have been revolutionized by an easily accessible flood of interactive data. Research into how to properly access, distribute, and guarantee the security of multimedia content has implications in constructing multimedia interfaces, ensuring that mobile devices effectively transmit multimedia data, and shaping the future of commerce. With continued innovation in multimedia technologies and their applications and ongoing research into the best ways to distribute and utilize multimedia content, the discipline will continue to grow and transform as our world becomes more interactive.
The diverse and comprehensive coverage of multimedia technologies in this three-volume, authori- tative publication will contribute to a better understanding of all topics, research, and discoveries in this developing, significant field of study. Furthermore, the contributions included in this multi-volume collection series will be instrumental in the expansion of the body of knowledge in this enormous field,
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resulting in a greater understanding of the fundamentals while also fueling the research initiatives in emerging fields. We at Information Science Reference, along with the editor of this collection, hope that this multi-volume collection will become instrumental in the expansion of the discipline and will promote the continued growth of multimedia technologies.
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Introductory Chapter A Brief Introduction to the Field of Multimedia Technologies
Syed Mahbubur Rahman Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA
IntroductIon
In an age where information rules, computer-based multimedia technology is a tool for communicators of all trades and is also an effective catalyst for change. Multimedia is a technology that allows us to present text, audio, images, animations, and video in an interactive way that has created a tremendous impact on all aspects of our day-to-day life. It also has the potential to continue to create ever more fascinating applications, some of which are described in articles listed in the references.
Technology is changing the world. However, the technology by itself can not change the world. It is the people who adopt and use the technology that make the changes. Accordingly, the inherent property of multimedia to support human-centered computing (HCC) may be credited for its explosive growth in all areas of application as is evident from seve